Дисертації з теми "Ictus"
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Pérez, de la Ossa Herrero Natalia. "Código Ictus: Medidas para mejorar la calidad y efectividad en la atención precoz del ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117329.
Повний текст джерелаTime is an important factor in the care of acute stroke patients, given the narrow therapeutic window of revascularization therapies. Moreover, the sooner the treatment is given, the higher the clinical benefit. Implementation of Stroke Code (SC) systems, coordinated between hospitals and EMS, reduces the time to treatment and double the rate of thrombolytic therapy. The main objective of this thesis is to detect SC circuits that allow greater effectiveness of the system. We analyzed 1901 patients in which SC was activated in the region of Barcelonès Nord i Maresme during 7 years. Results show that specialized attention at the stroke center was delayed for 80 minutes and thrombolytic therapy for 40 minutes in patients in whom the first level of care was provided at community hospitals compared with the direct transfer via EMS into the stroke center. Moreover, EMS SC activation allowed a higher rate of thrombolytic therapy (50% vs. 21%) and increased the likelihood of good outcome at three months with an OR 2.71 after adjusting for stroke severity and for other prognostic factors. In addition, pre-notification to the stroke center allowed a 15 minutes reduction on the door-to-needle time in comparison to SC activation at the emergency department of the stroke center in patients who come through their own means or without pre-notification. Accordingly with the second objective, these results were validated in 1326 patients treated with tPAev in Catalonia during 2 years. Patients who arrived to the stroke center transferred directly by EMS received tPAev 40 minutes earlier compared with patients transferred from a community hospital and 18 minutes compared with those who came by their own means. Time from symptoms onset to tPAev was independently associated with clinical outcome at 3 months. The third objective was to develop and validate in-the-field a simple pre-hospital stroke scale to detect patients with large-vessel arterial occlusion. The scale RACE (5 items) was designed based on the NIHSS scale items with a higher predictive value of large vessel occlusion on a retrospective cohort of 654 acute stroke admitted to our acute stroke unit. During 18 months, paramedics filled the RACE scale in 263 patients transferred via SC. RACE showed a strong correlation with NIHSS (r=0.81) and a high predictive value for arterial occlusion (ROC curve: AUC 0.81). The best predictive value of RACE was established as ≥ 4; this cut-off value showed sensitivity 0.86, specificity 0.63, positive predictive value 0.53, negative predictive value 0.90 and overall accuracy 0.70 for detecting large vessel occlusion. The scale RACE is a simple clinical tool to be used by paramedics at pre-hospital setting that can be useful to detect acute stroke patients who should be transferred to a Comprehensive Stroke Center for endovascular treatment. Results derived from this study reinforce the importance of prioritizing the SC activation via EMS, since it allows an earlier access to revascularization therapies and a greater clinical benefit of patients with acute stroke. Moreover, EMS transfer allows the possibility to perform a pre-hospital clinical evaluation to decide the most appropriate destination of acute stroke patients. Having into account that in Catalonia only 60% of acute stroke patients alert EMS, or even a smaller percentage in certain rural areas, these results can be useful to guide the implementation of improvement measures addressed to different levels of the healthcare chain.
ESPOSTO, ELISABETTA. "Disuguaglianze di salute nel percorso ictus." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242564.
Повний текст джерелаBACKGROUND: Level of health and life expectancy are closely related to the social position of patients. AIM: this doctoral work want to describe and analyze both characteristics and size of acute stroke event in the Marches during 2010 and 2011 and in particular for the Azienda Sanitaria Unica Regionale Area Vasta 2, and the social health inequalities in a sample of the population affected by stroke to make a positive contribution to scientific evidence available in this field. METHODS: for the first aim were used all data of Hospital Discharge Data (SDO) of Marches Region for the years 2010 and 2011. In the second part of the thesis was analyzed a sample of population affected by acute stroke selected through a disease code C0404, corresponding to stroke, from data collected from Dispatch of the Centrale Operativa 118 Ancona during a period of six months: from 15 November 2010 to 15 May 2011. To the database were added data related to individual income. RESULTS: in the 2011 the total number of acute stroke in the Marches was n. 3.895 (excluding outside region patients). Due to population in the Marches in the 2011 (census) of 1.565.335 inhabitants, there is a stroke incidence of 2.49 x 1000 inhabitants (3.895/1.565.335). The Area Vasta 2 has an incidence of 2,53 x 1000 inhabitants (1.251/494.522). The sample selected for the analysis of the Stroke Care Pathways consists of 195 units. Cases of death are more frequent among women (48,2% vs 30,1%) and they increase with age of patient. They are also related to individual income and to time of arrival in hospital. The logistic regression model confirms these data. In particular the risk of death increase of 5% for every more year of age (OR=1,05; [CI: 1,00 – 1,09]; p=0,032) and women are more at risk(OR=2,39; [CI: 1,14 – 4,99]; p=0,021). As for individual income, having an income greater than 7.534 euro is a protective factor according to the exitus, in particular people of second and third group are significantly less at risk of death, respectively (OR=0,26; [CI: 0,12 – 0,59]; p=0,001) e (OR=0,30; [CI: 0,10 – 0,94]; p=0,039). As for the arrival hospital, compared to AOU Ospedali Riuniti di Ancona, the other hospitals have a greater risk of death, although this result is significant only for the INRCA and Senigallia respectively (OR=4,65; [CI: 1,08 – 20,11]; p=0,004) and (OR=9,01; [CI: 1,68 – 48,22]; p=0,010), in the first case it was explained by the average old age of patients. CONCLUSION: all data show a strict relation between a low income bracket and death in the stroke care. The importance of strengthen the Stroke Care Pathways guarantee more effective care. All efforts of policy maker should aim to the integrated policies with social field and support to families, trying to compensate distributive differences and strengthen social tissue.
Kotter, Elmar. "Ictus amnésique : étude clinique de 50 cas." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11011.
Повний текст джерелаNoël, Audrey. "Ictus amnésique idiopathique : neuropsychologie, neuroimagerie et psychopathologie." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1493.
Повний текст джерелаSantamarina, Pérez Estevo. "Aspectos radiológicos, clínicos, ultrasonográficos y bioquímicos en pacientes con ictus y foramen oval permeable, y su relación con la recurrencia de ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4493.
Повний текст джерелаLa incidencia anual de ictus es de entre 150-200 casos por cada 100000 habitantes con una prevalencia de entre 500 y 600 casos / 100000. Esto implica que en una ciudad como Barcelona de 10 a 12 personas sufren un ictus por primera vez, lo que representa unos 4000 nuevos ictus al año.
En la actualidad en España el ictus constituye la segunda causa de muerte en los varones y la primera en las mujeres, representando el 11,5 % del total de fallecimientos en nuestro país. Además representa la primera causa de incapacidad física en las personas adultas. Todo esto conlleva un importante porcentaje del gasto sanitario, sin tener en cuenta el coste económico que supone para una familia un enfermo con ictus (Vázquez, Revista española de la economía de la salud, 2005).
El ictus es un trastorno, transitorio o permanente, en una zona del parénquima encefálico secundario a una alteración de los vasos sanguíneros. Según la naturaleza de la lesión encefálica se distinguen dos grandes tipos de ictus (Álvarez Sabín, Patología cerebrovascular isquémica, 2000):
Isquémico: debido a una falta de aporte a una determinada zona del parénquima encefálico.
Hemorrágico: causado por la rotura de un vaso sanguíneo encefálico con extravasación de sangre fuera del torrente vascular.
Pinto, Salas Carolina, and Mondaca Eduardo Diaz. "Ictus y su búsqueda por democratizar la creación teatral." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/101510.
Повний текст джерелаNanni, Alex. "Brain-Machine Interfaces per la riabilitazione motoria post-Ictus." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24036/.
Повний текст джерелаJuega, Mariño Jesús María. "Diagnóstico Avanzado en la Fase Aguda del Ictus Criptogénico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673398.
Повний текст джерелаIntroducción El abordaje diagnóstico de la causa del ictus isquémico es de especial importancia dado que las recurrencias son habitualmente fruto de la misma patología que el ictus previo. Hasta un 25% de los ictus son catalogados como ictus criptogénico o de causa desconocida tras un ingreso hospitalario. El objetivo es implementar un protocolo diagnóstico en la fase aguda del ictus criptogénico que identifique etiologías de alto potencial embolígeno causantes de ictus severos para la optimización de la prevención secundaria del ictus. Métodos: Análisis prospectivo de pacientes con ictus criptogénicos con diseño de estrategias para la detección de fuentes embólicas, Se evaluó en un cohorte de pacientes la monitorización cardiaca con Holter textil de inicio precoz en fase hospitalaria y de manera continuada hasta cumplir 28 días de monitorización ambulatoria . Se analizaron la tasa de detección de Fibrilación Auricular (FA) y los marcadores predictivos de detección mediante un análisis multimodal combinando predictores clínicos, de neuroimagen y cardíacos basales de cada paciente. En otra cohorte de pacientes se evaluó la utilidad de la ecocardioscopia de mano ultra portátil para la detección de cardiopatías embolígenas mayores identificadas como fracción de eyección severamente deprimidas o valvulopatías embolígenas y su fiabilidad con respecto al estudio ecocardiográfico estándar, se analizaron los predictores de detección de fuentes cardioembólicas mayores mediante estudios ecocardiográficos focalizados en la fase aguda del ictus criptogénico. Resultados Entre 296 pacientes, 264 pacientes completaron la monitorización con una tasa de detección de FA paroxística del 23,1% (61/264) tras monitorización durante 28 días de manera precoz y continua. Los pacientes con detección de FA fueron mayores [odds ratio (OR) 1.04, intervalo de confianza 95% (CI) 1.01–1.08], tuvieron mayores tasas de transformación hemorrágica (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.44–11.22), presentaron mayor detección de oclusión de gran vaso intracraneal (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.31–7.97) (P < 0.0001), tuvieron volúmenes indexados de aurícula izquierda más grandes (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.1) (P =0.0002) y tuvieron niveles analíticos mayores de péptido natriurético cerebral (OR 1.01, 95%CI 1.0–1.1). La mayor edad y la presencia de oclusión de vaso intracraneal estuvieron independientemente asociados a la detección de FA paroxística (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.16, y OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.27– 21.38, respectivamente). En otra cohorte se realizó un estudio con ecocardioscopia ultra portátil de mano en la fase aguda del ictus en 130 pacientes, con una concordancia del 0.95 con respecto al estudio estándar, se detectaron cardiopatías embolígenas en el 16% ( 17/104) de los ictus criptogénicos en el estudio focalizado con ecocardioscopia ultra portátil . La oclusión de gran vaso intracraneal (OR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.01–17.85) y la insuficiencia cardíaca crónica (OR: 13.25, 95% CI: 3.54–49.50) fueron predictores independientes de detección de cardiopatía embolígena mayor. Conclusiones Las estrategias diagnósticas mediante estudios focalizados con ecocardioscopia ultra portátil de mano en fase aguda y la tecnología textil Holter wearable de inicio precoz y continuada son útiles en el estudio etiológico del ictus criptogénico. La oclusión de gran vaso intracraneal, la edad del paciente y el antecedente de insuficiencia cardíaca fueron marcadores independientes de detección de fuente embólica y de detección de FA.
Introduction: The diagnostic approach to the cause of ischemic stroke is of special importance, because stroke recurrences are usually the result of the same pathology as the previous one, up to 25% of strokes are classified as cryptogenic stroke or of unknown cause after hospital admission. The objective is to implement a diagnostic protocol in the acute phase of cryptogenic stroke to identify etiologies of high embolic potential that cause severe strokes for the optimization of secondary stroke prevention. Methods: Prospective analysis of patients with cryptogenic strokes to analyze strategies designed for the detection of embolic sources. In a cohort of patients, cardiac holter textile monitoring was assessed at the early onset of the acute stroke in the hospital phase, and continuously monitoring was carried until 28 days of outpatient stage. The detection rate of Atrial Fibrillation and the predictive detection markers were analyzed by means of a multimodal analysis combining different clinical, neuroimaging and baseline cardiac predictors of each patient. In another cohort of patients, the utility of ultra-portable hand-held echocardiography was evaluated for the detection of major cardio embolic heart disease, that were identified as severely depressed ejection fraction or embolic valve disease. It has been evaluated the reliability of hand held echocardiography in comparison to the standard echocardiographic study as well as the predictors of major cardioembolic source detection. Results Among 296 patients, 264 patients completed monitoring with a paroxysmal AF detection rate of 23.1% (61/264) after early and continuous monitoring for 28 days. Patients with detection of AF were older [odds ratio (OR) 1.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–1.08], had higher rates of hemorrhagic transformation by neuroimaging (OR 4.03, 95% CI 1.44–11.22), presented greater detection of large intracranial vessel occlusion (OR 4.29, 95% CI 2.31–7.97) (P <0.0001), had larger indexed left atrial volumes (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.1) (P = 0.0002) and had higher analytical levels of brain natriuretic peptide (OR 1.01, 95% CI 1.0–1.1) compared to patients without AF detection. The elderly age and the presence of intracranial vessel occlusion were independently associated with the detection of paroxysmal AF (OR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00–1.16, and OR 4.58, 95% CI 2.27– 21.38, respectively). In another cohort, a study with ultra-portable handheld echocardiography was carried out in the acute phase of stroke in 130 patients with a concordance of 0.95 in comparison to the standard study. Major cardio embolic source was detected in 16% (17/104) of cryptogenic strokes in the focused study with ultra-portable echocardiography. Large vessel occlusion of intracranial vessel (odds ratio [OR]: 4.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01_17.85) and chronic heart failure (OR: 13.25, 95% CI: 3.54_49.50) were independent predictors of detection of major cardioembolic source. Conclusions Diagnostic strategies through focused studies with ultra-portable hand-held echocardiography in the acute phase and early-onset continuous holter wearable textile are useful in the etiological study of cryptogenic stroke. Large intracranial vessel occlusion, age of the patient and chronic heart failure were independent markers of embolic sources and detection of Atrial Fibrillation.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Medicina
García, Berrocoso Teresa. "Identificación y uso de biomarcadores pronósticos en el ictus isquémico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/134675.
Повний текст джерелаStroke is a severe disease, being the second cause of death worldwide and one of the main causes of disability. Heterogeneity among stroke patients makes difficult to anticipate the prognosis of the disease. To identify patients who are going to worsen or will recover would help in giving valuable information to the patient and relatives; to evaluate risks and benefits of reperfusion therapies or the inclusion in clinical trials and to optimize public health resources in terms of specialized medical and intensive care, length of in-hospital stay or starting of early rehabilitation programs. Nowadays, clinical outcome prediction of stroke patients lacks accuracy and is usually based mainly on age and initial neurological severity. Although several predictive models have been developed including clinical variables, none of them is being applied in clinical practice. In the best-case scenario, these models differentiate patients with 70-80 % accuracy. Furthermore they tend to include clinical variables non-easily available or based on neuroimaging techniques. The use of biomarkers in the clinical practice in other diseases generated a trend in research around molecules that can predict stroke patients’ outcome. Currently, few biomarkers have demonstrated enough predictive value to be evaluated in large multicenter studies; for that purpose, biomarkers should add value to clinical variables, increasing sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of patients in order to influence decision-making processes. The papers comprised in this Thesis focus, on the one hand, on systematizing the knowledge about prognostic biomarkers in ischemic stroke and the application of statistical criteria that demonstrate the needed added value for a future use of the biomarkers. For that purpose we have developed a website to provide a data compilation of molecules that have been associated with stroke prognosis and we have applied comparative statistics and metaanalysis to evaluate a typical biomarker, such as natriuretic peptide type B (BNP). On the other hand, we aimed to evaluate molecules that are involved in the pathophysiology of stroke, such as chemokines, by analyzing them in parallel at both brain and blood levels. Finally, through massive discovery techniques, such as proteomics, antibody libraries and transcriptomics, we identified several molecules that demonstrated their association with stroke prognosis at different moments during the progression of the disease. Moreover, these molecules improved prediction based solely on clinical variables. To evaluate utility of these or other biomarkers in some of the secondary complications of ischemic stroke, where decisions can be made to change the evolution of the disease, such as the prediction of post-stroke infections or hemorrhagic transformation, seems an excellent opportunity for a real use of stroke biomarkers in the near future.
Llombart, Sebastià Víctor. "Aplicaciones proteómicas para el descubrimiento de biomarcadores diagnósticos en ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385022.
Повний текст джерелаStroke is one of the most severe neurological disorders. In our society, this cerebrovascular disease reveals a high prevalence and represents the second cause of dead and the first cause of disability, with a dramatic impact at the economic, social and health systems. The evaluation of patients for stroke diagnostic is based on neuroimaging, classifying the lesions of ischemic and hemorrhagic nature or identifying mimicking pathologies. The specific treatment for acute ischemic stroke includes thrombolysis or intraarterial recanalization, aiming to achieve the opening of the occluded artery. In contrast, in hemorrhagic stroke, blood-pressure lowering strategies are currently under evaluation, although promising results have been reported. In order to ensure the most suitable acute treatment, it is absolutely essential an accurate differentiation of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and the identification of stroke mimicking conditions. The use of biomarkers for stroke diagnosis represents an alternative tool especially applicable in those contexts with limited neuroimaging availability, such as pre-hospital settings, primary health centers, low population density areas or developing countries. Currently, although no biomarker is still being clinically applied in the management of stoke patients, some candidates have evidenced a great potential in multi-centric studies and different meta-analyses. Some examples are B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for the identification of cardioembolic strokes, or copeptin for the prediction of patients’ prognosis. The main aim of the studies included in this doctoral dissertation is the identification of new putative biomarkers for stroke diagnosis using diverse proteomic approaches in in-vivo and in-vitro models, as well as in human samples. On the one hand, we describe different proteins involved in cerebral ischemia for their evaluation as specific biomarkers. On the other hand, we identified different bloodstream proteins with discerning ability between acute ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The added value of some of these markers has been statistically evaluated, raising new information about their predictive and discriminative capability. The results of this doctoral dissertation represent an additional step in the knowledge of cerebral ischemia pathophysiology and opens new paths for future research. Besides, we could examine new candidates for the differentiation of the ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke subtypes. The evaluation of the described biomarker candidates and their real diagnostic value will be assessed in future multi-centric analyses as a next step derived from the results reported. The daily clinical implementation of diagnostic biomarkers of stroke might be translated in a dramatic improvement in the management of acute stroke patients and in a better administration of the social and healthcare resources.
Vena, Martínez Ana Belén. "Incidencia, características y evolución de los pacientes mayores con ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461952.
Повний текст джерелаEl envejecimiento poblacional actual presenta un impacto significativo en la salud pública y en la atención sanitaria. Nos planteamos indagar exhaustivamente en la incidencia del ictus, las características y la respuesta al tratamiento fibrinolítco (TF) de las personas ≥ 80 años. Metodología: La tesis consta de 4 artículos. En el 1º se estudian las tasas de incidencia bruta y de incidencia ajustada por edad en la provincia de Lleida de 2010 a 2014. En el 2º se comparan las características y la evolución de los pacientes con ictus isquémico (IcI) en función de la edad. En el 3º se indaga la evolución de 740 pacientes con IcI del Hospital Arnau de Vilanova cuando no existe restricción al ingreso en la UI o al TF. Finalmente, se determina la respuesta al TF en las personas > 80 años en función de las características del centro donde se aplica .Conclusión: La incidencia ajustada de ictus en Lleida es similar a la de otras regiones europeas. La edad es un claro factor de incremento de incidencia. Los ictus en personas ≥80 años tienen características propias. El TF en la práctica clínica es efectivo y seguro en ≥80 años con independencia de la característica del hospital.
Current population aging has a significant impact on public health and in health care. One of the major diseases that is related to age is the cerebrovascular disease. We intend to investigate exhaustively the incidence of stroke, characteristics and response to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) In people > 80 years. Methodology: The thesis consists of 4 articles. In the first study the gross incidence rates and incidence rates adjusted for age in the province of Lleida from 2010 to 2014. In the second, we compare the characteristics and the evolution of patients with ischemic stroke (IS) according to the age In the third, we investigate the evolution of 740 patients with IcI of the Hospital Universitario Arnau de Vilanova when there is no restriction on admission to the stroke unit or IVT. Finally, the response to IVT in individuals > 80 years is determined according to the characteristics of the center where it is applied. Conclusion: The adjusted incidence of stroke in Lleida is similar to that of other European regions. Age is a clear factor of incidence increase. Strokes in people ≥ 80 years have their own characteristics. The IVT in clinical practice is effective and safe in ≥ 80 years regardless of the hospital's characteristics.
Rubio, Ballester Belén. "VR-based rehabilitation strategies for functional motor recovery after stroke: individualization, reinforcement, and transfer." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/392145.
Повний текст джерелаL'ictus representa una de les principals causes de discapacitat en els adults i serà un dels principals contribuents a la càrrega de la malaltia en 2030. No obstant això, els nostres sistemes de salut no compten amb els recursos suficients per cobrir la demanda actual i molt menys el seu futur creixement. Requeriments de rehabilitació parcial i necessitats d'aprenentatge no satisfetes poden, en última instància, conduir a una pèrdua d'independència funcional. Per tant, és essencial desplegar nous enfocaments que ajuden a tractar aquestes condicions cròniques i augmentar els enfocaments actuals de rehabilitació per tal de millorar la seva eficiència. Un dels últims enfocaments en la rehabilitació d'una àmplia gamma dels dèficits del sistema nerviós es basa en l'ús de la realitat virtual (VR), que combina escenaris d'entrenament amb dispositius d'interfície dedicats. Cal destacar, però, que existeix fins al moment poc treball en l'avaluació quantitativa de l'impacte clínic de la realitat virtual. En aquesta tesi es presenta un seguit d'estudis que investiguen el potencial de les tecnologies de realitat virtual per a la recuperació motora després de l'ictus. En primer lloc, s'explora la transferència de sistemes de rehabilitació basats en realitat virtual a l'àmbit domèstic, i es comparen els efectes de diferents enfocaments de rehabilitació. Els nostres resultats revelen que el desenvolupament de comportaments compensatoris, com ara la falta d'ús de les extremitats afectades, pot interferir en gran mesura amb la dinàmica de recuperació del pacient i prevenir la retenció de millores. En base a les nostres observacions, s'introdueix una estratègia de rehabilitació innovadora, basada en l'augment d'informació sensorial i motora dels moviments orientats a objectius, que té com a finalitat corregir aquestes conductes compensatòries. Establim els principis que fonamenten aquesta intervenció mitjançant un model computacional de recuperació, i validem la seva eficàcia a través d'una sèrie d'experiments comportamentals que combinen estudis observacionals i un assaig controlat aleatori amb pacients d'icus. Aquest treball de tesi avançaa el nostre coneixement sobre els mecanismes clau que influeixen en la recuperació motora després de l'accident cerebrovascular, i ofereix una nova perspectiva sobre com maximitzar la retenció de millores funcionals.
BEAUDEUX, OLIVIER. "L'ictus amnesique : a propos de 45 observations." Nice, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991NICE6502.
Повний текст джерелаGherdovich, Tommaso. "Efficacia della motor imagery nella riabilitazione delle persone colpite da ictus." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16887/.
Повний текст джерелаGiralt, Steinhauer Eva. "L’ús d’escales clíniques en els ictus isquèmics secundaris a fibril·lació auricular." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/322088.
Повний текст джерелаAF is the most common cardiac arrhythmia in clinical practice, and is a well-known risk factor for cardiogenic embolism. These cardioembolic strokes are frequent and associated with a substantial increased risk of morbidity and mortality. However the risk of stroke and thromboembolism in AF patients is not homogeneous. Different risk factors such as advancing age, hypertension and diabetes mellitus, among others, contribute to the annual thromboembolic risk. Various stroke risk-stratification schemes have been developed for people with AF. The CHADS2 was probably the most often used because of its simplicity. But in 2010 a new scale was published: CHA2DS2-VASc. The first purpose of this thesis was to evaluate how CHADS2 classifies a cohort of patients previous to its first ischemic stroke and compare this risk stratification if the CHA2DS2-VASc scale would have been used. The results of this study showed that this new scale reclassifies a lot of patients out of the category of low-intermediate risk, into a category in which anticoagulation would have been indicated. Studies like ours changed recommendations of both European and U.S guidelines towards the use of the CHA2DS2-VASc score as the main scheme to assess patientís stroke risk. The second objective of our thesis was to evaluate the use of this new scale, not only for risk stratification, but also as prognosis tool in patients who suffered a stroke. We found that each point increase in the scale is associated with a 36% increase in the risk for poor 90-day outcome, independently of stroke severity. In both works, we found a low use of anticoagulation in primary prevention for high risk patients, despite its well-established protective effect, that we were able to replicate. Our research is also orientated towards the detection of a new paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF) in stroke patients, since undetected pAF would lead to a suboptimal secondary prevention with antiplatelet agents. Therefore in the third work, in our cohort with unselected patients, who were admitted in the stroke unit, we detected 11.2% of pAF until de three-month visit. We analyzed which are the clinical risk factors associated to this new diagnosis in a bivariate and afterwards a multivariate analysis (which were advancing age, female sex, initial stroke severity and previous history of congestive heart failure). From this analysis we obtained a risk for new pAF detection for each vascular risk profile, that we represented into two risk charts for easy and immediately interpretation at patientís arrival.
Mayr, Johann. "Error in persona vel obiecto und aberratio ictus bei der Notwehr /." Frankfurt am Main ;Berlin [u.a.] : Lang, 1992. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/271846437.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAstolfi, Anna. "Terapie strumentali per il trattamento e il recupero del paziente post-ictus." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13888/.
Повний текст джерелаVandi, Federico. "Utilizzo dell’idrokinesiterapia nel recupero dell’equilibrio posturale in pazienti colpiti da ictus cerebrale." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20740/.
Повний текст джерелаAndrés, Carrillo Cristina. "Efecto de la depresión post ictus e intervención logopédica temprana en afásicos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286109.
Повний текст джерелаAphasia is defined as impairment in verbal communication resulting from an acquired brain injury. This impairment may present itself as a difficulty in its expressive, receptive or simultaneous form. Among the main neurological conditions that can produce this change in language, Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA) are highlighted as the most common etiology. Depression is the most common emotional disorder after suffering a stroke, mostly in predominantly expressive aphasias, and this disorder severely limits participation and patient recovery in his/her rehabilitation. Currently/Nowadays, in the context of speech therapy rehabilitation intensity factors and precocity play an important role facing the approach of an optimal design of intervention. AIM. To determine the influence of the depressive symptomatology variable over speech therapy in patients with different types of aphasia. As well, to investigate the possible effects of the intensity of rehabilitation on language’s functional improvement. Finally, observe if the duration of treatment is a key factor to the progress of therapy. Materials and Method. The final sample, after a total of 115 first visits, consists of 14 patients. The Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (BDAE) was used to assess the intensity and typology of the aphasic disorder, and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) as an indicator of the presence / absence and severity of the mood disorder. Additionally, a subjective test is performed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) on the therapy’s intensity. The statistical framework for data analysis was SPSS version 19.0. Results. The results suggest that patients with aphasia that present an affective disorder obtain lower scores on language recovery in comparison to patients with aphasia without mood disorder or with a mild symptomatology. Linguistic functions of naming, reading and writing, are those that have been most affected and may have a worse prognosis. Patients with Post-Stroke Depression (PSD) do not reduce their depressive symptoms significantly after carrying out a non-intensive speech therapy. Once finished the speech therapy, patients with aphasia and mild, moderate or severe depressive symptomatology or without depression that have performed a non-intensive treatment, obtain favorable results compared to the group who has made an intensive treatment. The results indicate that patients with motor aphasia have a higher tolerance for intensive speech therapy compared to patients with global aphasia. Conclusions. Given the factor of PSD, it is proposed to perform an endogenous and environmental intervention in order to obtain substantial improvements in the recovery of language functions. Treatment for a period over 6 months and performed non-intensively promotes recovery of language in patients with aphasia and PSD. The intensity factor in speech rehabilitation regarding reducing depressive symptoms, could be used as a starting point for future research.
Cuadrado, Godia Elisa. "Evolució inicial dels ictus per arteriosclerosi carotídia. Severitat, deteriorament neurològic i recurrència." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377449.
Повний текст джерелаAtherosclerosis is the leading cause of death worldwide. This thesis focuses on one of its clinical manifestations, the strokes due to carotid atherosclerosis (CA). This is one of the most frequent sources of stroke in our population and carries a high risk of recurrence. However, this risk decreases dramatically if a revascularization procedure (either surgical or endovascular) is performed within the first two weeks. Nonetheless, a very early procedure also confers an increased risk of periprocedural stroke or death. Hence, the optimal time for revascularization remains unknown. In the last decades, medical treatment has improved noticeably, and a reduction in the recurrence risk has been found in some clinical trials Therefore the first aim of this thesis was to describe the rate of recurrence in patients with symptomatic CA (stenosis 50-99%) awaiting revascularization. We found a high recurrence risk (6.6% and 11.5% at 3 and 14 days respectively) in spite of better treatment. Age and initial symptoms (cerebral vs. ocular) were the main factors associated with recurrence. The second objective of the thesis was to analyze the initial severity and the risk of early neurological deterioration (END) of this stroke subtype. Moreover we wanted to investigate the role of the stenosis degree and thus we included patients presenting with total carotid occlusion. We observed that 75% of the strokes had a low initial severity (NIHSS ≤7). However 23% suffered END within the first 72h. Stenosis degree was the main factor associated with a higher initial severity and END risk. Those patients presenting total carotid occlusions carried the highest risk of recurrence (in our cohort). Other related factors were previous transient ischemic attacks, which were associated with a lower severity and a higher risk of END, and initial mean arterial pressure that was associated with an increased risk of END. Finally, the third objective was to study the existence of a biomarker of recurrence for this stroke subtype. For this reason we studied the role of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC), circulating endothelial cells (CEC), plasmatic oxidized-LDL (Ox-LDL), and albuminuria. We found that a low count of basal EPC was associated with a higher risk of new vascular events (i.e. new stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular death or hospitalization due to a vascular disease) within the first 6 months of follow-up. In addition, we found that Ox-LDL and albuminuria were associated with a higher risk of END. Finally, we described that CEC levels were not associated with increased risk of recurrence. Collectively the results presented as part of this thesis conclude that strokes due to CA, and awaiting revascularization, still bear a high risk of recurrence. Early intensive medical treatment and admission in Stroke Units during the first 72h seems advisable. The use of biomarkers could help to select those patients at higher risk of recurrence in order to test new therapies or urgent revascularization procedures, ideally as part of a clinical trial.
Farwati, Abduljalil. "Potencial diagnóstico de los miRNAs en patología inflamatoria vascular (preeclampsia e ictus)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/457692.
Повний текст джерелаTorres, Águila Nuria Paz. "Estudios genéticos masivos en el ictus isquémico: factores de riesgo y pronóstico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668543.
Повний текст джерелаStroke is a complex disease that affects the brain and vascular system. This disease has a high mortality, being the second cause of death worldwide and the fist cause of disability in adults of developed countries. Currently, more than 30 loci have been found associated with ischemic stroke risk; however, these genetic risk factors did not explain all heritability associated with this disease. Additionally, little is known about the genetics behind stroke outcome. Recently, two Genome-Wide Association Studies had reported two new candidate genes for ischemic stroke outcome. However, even a large sample size has been used in these studies, the results found are fewer that the expected. This could be due to the high heterogeneity of ischemic stroke outcome. The principal aims of this thesis were, on one hand, to explore whether new stroke genetic risk factors can be found in specific homogeneous populations, and, on the other hand, to find new genetic risk factors of ischemic stroke outcome by using a new approach focus on acute endophenotypes associated with stroke outcome. In order to reach the first aim, it has been performed a case-control genome-wide association analysis using a Spanish cohort as a discovery and an international cohort as replication, with an additional validation in a second independent Spanish cohort. For second aim, it has been studied the clinical variables associated with the acute phase outcome of ischemic stroke. The variable leukocyte count was selected as an interesting endophenotype to find new genetic risk factors associated with stroke outcome. As a results of this research, a new locus associated with lacunar stroke risk has been described, giving new information about the physiopathology of this disease. Additionally, the enzyme codified in the candidate gen MAN2B1 is a potential biomarker for lacunar stroke diagnosis. Moreover, it has been described in this thesis the first locus associated with leukocyte counts during the acute phase of ischemic stroke that additionally was associated with stroke outcome. Thus, the genetic analysis of acute endophenotypes has been confirmed as a useful approach to find new genetic risk factors associated with stroke outcome.
Camps, Renom Pol. "Nous marcadors de vulnerabilitat de l’ateroesclerosi carotídia en pacients amb ictus isquèmic." Doctoral thesis, TDX (Tesis Doctorals en Xarxa), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670428.
Повний текст джерелаLa aterosclerosis causa el 20% del total de ictus isquémicos, siendo las placas de ateroma de la arteria carótida interna las que más frecuentemente se ven implicadas en la génesis del ictus. El elevado riesgo de recurrencia de este tipo de ictus justifica valorar en cada caso la necesidad de un tratamiento de revascularización de la carótida, con el objetivo de eliminar o excluir estas placas de la circulación. Actualmente esta decisión se toma teniendo en cuenta el grado de estenosis de las placas, el único marcador de riesgo de recurrencia que ha sido validado en ensayos clínicos. No obstante, el grado de estenosis por sí solo no es suficiente para tomar decisiones en algunas situaciones clínicas relativamente frecuentes. Por este motivo es necesario el estudio de nuevos marcadores de vulnerabilidad de las placas de ateroma carotídeas que ayuden a mejorar la selección de pacientes que se pueden beneficiar de los tratamientos de revascularización. En esta tesis doctoral presentamos los resultados de un estudio de cohortes prospectivo de pacientes con ictus isquémico y aterosclerosis carotídea en el cual se ha estudiado el valor pronóstico de dos potenciales nuevos marcadores de vulnerabilidad: la Tomografía por Emisión de Positrones (PET) con Fluorodesoxiglucosa 18F (18FDG), que permite medir la inflamación de las placas de ateroma, y el dúplex con contraste, que permite la detección de neovascularización en el interior de las placas. En este estudio hemos incluído 91 pacientes y los hemos seguido durante una media de 12,7 meses registrando un total de 16 recurrencias durante el seguimiento, además de ocho pacientes que habían tenido síntomas antes del ingreso (recurrencias previas). Hemos observado que tanto la inflamación de las placas medida mediante PET (HR de tener una recurrencia durante el seguimiento por cada incremento de 1g/ml de SUV=4,57 IC 95% 1,49-13,96, p=0,008) como la neovascularización detectada mediante dúplex con contraste (HR de presentar una recurrencia si la placa presenta neovascularización difusa=6,54 IC 95% 1,66-26,01, p=0,007), se asocian con el riesgo de recurrencia de ictus isquémico. Esta asociación es independiente del grado de estenosis y de otros factores de riesgo vascular conocidos. Además, en el caso de la PET, los resultados de nuestro estudio se han replicado en dos cohortes internacionales diferentes e independientes, y se ha hecho un análisis conjunto. Finalmente, hemos creado y validado una escala de riesgo de recurrencia (SCAIL score) que por primera vez integra la información derivada del grado de estenosis y de la inflamación medida con PET. La puntuación de esta escala varía entre 0 y 5 y hemos observado que puntuaciones de bajo riesgo (0, 1) se asocian con un riesgo de recurrencia del 0% (IC 95% 0-18,5%), mientras que puntuaciones de alto riesgo (4, 5) se asocian con un riesgo de recurrencia del 51,9% (IC 95% 32,0-71,3%). En definitiva, los resultados de esta tesis doctoral muestran nuevos marcadores de vulnerabilidad de la aterosclerosis carotídea que aportan información complementaria al grado de estenosis y que en un futuro se podrían utilizar en la práctica clínica para seleccionar mejor los pacientes candidatos a tratamientos de revascularización de la carótida.
Atherosclerosis is responsible for approximately 20% of all ischemic strokes, being plaques from the internal carotid artery (ICA) the most frequently involved in stroke pathogenesis. Atherosclerosis-related strokes present high risk of recurrence and thus, revascularization therapies of the ICA should be considered in the setting of this stroke subtype. Currently, the decision of performing a revascularization therapy depends solely on the degree of stenosis of the carotid plaque, which is the only marker of risk of recurrence validated on clinical trials. However, the degree of stenosis alone, is not sufficient to decide on the best treatment in some frequent clinical situations. Therefore, there is a need for new biomarkers of carotid plaque vulnerability, which may help identifying patients who benefit from carotid revascularization. In this doctoral thesis, we present the results of a propective cohort study of patients with a recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis, in whom we tested the prognostic value of two new vulnerability biomarkers: inflammation of the plaques measured with 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron-Emission Tomography (18FDG-PET), and neovascularization detected with Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS). We included 91 patients and we followed them during a mean of 12,7 months. We registered 16 stroke recurrences during the follow-up and eight patients had presented symptoms before admission (pre-hospitalization recurrences). We observed that both markers, inflammation measured with 18FDG-PET (HR for stroke recurrence for 1g/ml increase in the SUV of the plaque=4,57 CI 95% 1,49-13,96, p=0,008) and neovascularization assessed with CEUS (HR for stroke recurrence if the plaque presents diffuse neovascularization=6,54 CI 95% 1,66-26,01, p=0,007), are associated with the early risk of stroke recurrence. This association is independent from the degree of stenosis and other known vascular risk factors. In addition, we replicated the prognostic value of the carotid PET in two international independent cohorts and we performed a pooled analysis of the three studies. Finally, we have created and validated the first stroke risk score (SCAIL score) that gathers the information derived from the PET and the degree of stenosis. This score ranges from 0 to 5 and we observed that low-risk scores (0, 1) were associated with a risk of stroke recurrence of 0% (CI 95% 0-18,5%), while high-risk scores predicted a risk of reccurrence of 51,9% (CI 95% 32,0-71,3%). In conclusion, the results presented in this doctoral thesis demonstrate new markers of carotid plaque vulnerability which add complementary information to the degree of stenosis. This information might be used in the near future to better select patients who can benefit from carotid revascularization.
Sabetta, Annarita <0024>. "Incidenza della sindrome delle gambe senza riposo in pazienti con ictus ischemico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4077/1/SABETTA_ANNARITA_TESI.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSabetta, Annarita <0024>. "Incidenza della sindrome delle gambe senza riposo in pazienti con ictus ischemico." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/4077/.
Повний текст джерелаGutiérrez, Cabello Luis. "Comportamiento cognitivo y afectivo en un grupo de pacientes con ictus no corticales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2538.
Повний текст джерелаRESULTADO: se lleva a cabo un análisis factorial exploratorio de componentes principales. Con un KMO de .782, se extraen siete componentes que explican un porcentaje acumulado de 72,54 de la varianza. Entre la evaluación en la fase aguda y la realizada tres meses después, no se observa una significativa mejoría en la memoria de aprendizaje y en la memoria diferida, aunque sí se verifica un mejoría en las otras pruebas cognitivas (función ejecutiva, denominación, atención, función visuoespacial y función psicomotora). Se observan puntuaciones estadísticamente significativas en los test cognitivos, afectivos y cognitivo-conductual cuando se comparan los pacientes con ictus recurrentes y no recurrentes, entre los diferentes grupos de edad y nivel educativo. En el inventario de obsesiones-compulsiones de Maudsley, se seleccionan dos grupos según sus puntuaciones (mayor o igual a 12) o (menor o igual a 13): los pacientes con puntuaciones menor o igual a 13 obtienen un significativo menor rendimiento en los siguientes test: examen cognitivo general (MMSE) p = ,001; escala de depresión (HRS-D) p: ,028; Dígitos WAIS p = ,037; memoria de aprendizaje (RAVLT) p: ,001; fluencia fonética p = ,002; fluencia semántica p = ,030; TMT (A y B) p = ,060; y p = ,010 respectivamente; test de procesos de denominación por confrontación visual (BNT) p = , 060; alternancias motoras (AM) p = ,015. En la Escala de Depresión de Hamilton, se seleccionan dos grupos según las puntuaciones en dicho test (6 y 7). Los pacientes con puntuaciones 7 obtienen un rendimiento significativamente menor en los test de cognición general (MMSE) p = ,004; Dígitos WAIS p =, 001; memoria de aprendizaje (RAVLT) p = ,001; fluencia fonética (FF) p = ,041; TMT-A p = ,013; test de denominación (BNT) p = , 022; funciones visuoespaciales (OLB) p = ,020; alternancias motoras (AM) p = , 031; y test de Cartas de Wisconsin (categorías) p = , 011.En el segundo estudio, se observan correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el volumen de la lesión (secuencia de DRM y FLAIR) con la fluencia fonética procesos de denominación (BNT), Test de cartas de Wisconsin. Cuando, además, utilizamos la lateralización de la lesión, se observa un rendimiento inferior en los test de denominación, TMT-B y WISCONSIN en el hemisferio izquierdo comparados con los del hemisferio derecho.
CONCLUSIONES: la variable edad, nivel educativo y sexo afectan al rendimiento en la cognición de los pacientes con ictus. Sobretodo, la variable edad es un factor de mal pronóstico en el rendimiento en algunas pruebas cognitivas. No se observan diferencias por la lateralización de la lesión en la escala de Depresión de Hamilton ni en el Inventario MOCI, ni en la escala de Manía. Cuando se comparan las puntuaciones entre la fase aguda y su evaluación posterior a los tres meses, se observa una mejoría general en los resultados de los pacientes. Aunque estos no alcanzan un rendimiento parecido o igual al de los sujetos control. Las escalas de depresión de Hamilton y el inventario cognitivo -conductual MOCI afectan al rendimiento de la cognición (memoria de aprendizaje, fluencias verbales, función psicomotora). Además, se obtienen correlaciones estadísticamente significativas entre el volumen de la lesión, medido mediante secuencias DRM y FLAIR, y las puntuaciones en el test de denominación (BNT) y el test TMT-B.
"Cognitive and affective behaviour in a group of patients with non-cortical stroke"
SUMMARY:
Between 25 and 59% of patients with stroke may develop cognitive and degenerative impairment within three months. Affective and behavioural alterations may affect rehabilitation and recovery. Neuroimaging diagnostic techiques (CT, MRI) have significantly improved diagnosis of different pathological procesesses. DRM sequences allow us to visualise vascular lesions and compare lesion volumes with neuopsychological test scores. This thesis attempts to identify the neuropsychological, affective and cognitive-behavioural alterations appearing after cerebrovascular lesions and follows the evolution at three months in subjects not displaying cortical lesions in acute stroke.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:
Seventy-four cerebral stroke patients with a mean age of 60.32 years (SD 13.6). 25.7% of the patients were women. 73% of strokes were ischaemic and 27% were haemorrhagic. Also, a healthy control group of 20 volunteers was recruited. Exploratory factorial analysis of the principal components was performed. The Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was .782. Seven components were extracted explain an accumulated percentage of variance of 72.54.
No significant differences were observed in the side of the lesion. Significant differences were found in the semantic verbal fluency cognitive variable (p=.053). Patients with haemorrhagic lesions performed worse in this variable than patients with ischaemic lesions. Although there is an improvement in learning memory and long-term memory at three months, as compared to the acute phase, levels were still below the control group. Significant differences are observed in cognitive performance with regard to age, educational level, and sex. Cut-off points were established in the Hamilton Depression Scale and the MOCI Inventory: Statistically differences were observed in cognitive performance. Also, statistically significant differences were observed between the volume lesion and the Naming Test (BNT) and the TMT-B.
Bustamante, Rangel Alejandro. "Condicionantes pronósticos del ictus isquémico: utilidad de los biomarcadores sanguíneos en su predicción." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385026.
Повний текст джерелаStroke represents one of the main causes of mortality and disability. Stroke outcome depends mainly on baseline, non-modifiable factors, such as age or stroke severity, but also on several conditions that may occur across the natural history of stroke and leads to a poor outcome. In the present doctoral thesis we focus on these conditions, namely post-stroke complications. Therefore, our objectives in the present project are: first, to assess which post-stroke complications have the highest impact on stroke prognosis; second, to evaluate in which indications the use of blood biomarkers is more demanded by physicians; third, to evaluate across the literature whether the association between blood biomarkers and stroke outcome and complications has been assessed; and fourth, to test the predictive value of some candidates for the previously identified indications. To assess these objectives, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the stroke registry of the Spanish Neurological Society (RENISEN), finding that brain edema with increased intracranial pressure and respiratory tract infections were the complications with the highest impact on in-hospital mortality, followed by cardiologic complications in a second step. An interesting finding of the analysis is that the impact of these complications depends on stroke severity. Moreover, we performed a survey across European stroke neurologists, finding that the indication in which the use of biomarkers is more requested is the management of reperfusion therapies. By applying systematic reviews and meta-analysis, we have found that the use of biomarkers for the management of post-stroke complications has been poorly studied. From the meta-analyzed biomarkers, C-reactive protein appears as a surrogate biomarker for the management of post-stroke infections. Regarding experimental studies, factor seven activating protease (FSAP) and ADAMTS13 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with a ThromboSpondin type 1 motif, member 13), both associated with arterial recanalization, have emerged as candidates to guide reperfusion therapies. Moreover, we have described a role for high-sensitive troponin-I determination in acute stroke, in identifying those patients at the highest risk of suffering cardiologic complications. If our results are confirmed in future prospective studies evaluating the prognostic implications of the use of these biomarkers, such biomarkers could be translated into clinical practice for the management of post-stroke complications.
Gallego, Fàbrega Cristina. "Estudio farmacoepigenómico de la respuesta al tratamiento secundario en pacientes de ictus isquémico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/398917.
Повний текст джерелаEl Ictus es la segunda causa de mortalidad y la primera de discapacidad en los países desarrollados. Tras sufrir un primer ictus las probabilidades de sufrir un nuevo evento vascular (recurrencia vascular) se incrementan con el tiempo, siendo del 12-16% durante el primer año y llegando al 40% a los 10 años. El tratamiento antiplaquetario, principalmente aspirina y clopidogrel, es el más extendido en para la prevención secundaria en pacientes con ictus isquémico. Sin embargo, existe una alta variabilidad en la respuesta a esta medicación. Mediante estudios genéticos se han identificado algunos polimorfismos que si bien se ha confirmado su asociación con la resistencia al tratamiento antiplaquetario, no explican toda la variabilidad observada en la respuesta a este tratamiento. Por tanto, otros mecanismos de regulación genómicos, como la metilación del ADN, pueden estar asociados con el riesgo de nuevo eventos vasculares. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar regiones diferencialmente metiladas que puedan estar implicadas en la respuesta al tratamiento antiplaquetario, aspirina y clopidogrel, en pacientes con ictus isquémico. Para ello se han seleccionado de una conhorte de 1.900 pacientes de ictus isquémico, 42 pacientes tratados con clopidogrel (21 de ellos presentaron recurrencia vascular durante el primer año de seguimiento, casos, y 21 no presentaron recurrencia durante el primer año, controles) y 38 tratados con aspirina (19 casos y 19 controles). Para todas las muestras se realizó un estudio de asociación del epigenoma completo (EWAS). Posteriormente los resultaos más significativos se replicaron en dos muevas cohortes compuestas, por un lado de 191 pacientes con patología cardiovascular tratados con clopidogrel, y por otro lado de 289 pacientes con patología cardiovascular tratados con aspirina. Se identificaron 73 islas diferencialmente metiladas (p<10-06) asociadas con la recurrencia vascular en pacientes tratados con clopidogrel y 16 en pacientes tratados con aspirina. De las cuales dos islas se mantuvieron significativas tras el estudio de replicación. La hipometilación de la isla cg03548645 situada en la región promotora del gen TRAF3, se asocia con nuevos eventos vasculares (p=1,43x10-05) en aquellos pacientes con ictus isquémico tratados con clopidogel y a su vez se asocia con mayores niveles de agregación plaquetaria medida mediante LTA (ρ=-0,29, p=0,0075). A su vez, la hipermetilación de la isla c04985020 situada en el gen PPM1A, se ha asociado con nuevos eventos vasculares (joint p=1,78x10-07) en aquellos pacientes tratados con aspirina. Un total de 452.449 dímeros CG pasaron el control de calidad y fueron analizados. Se identificaron cuatro dímeros CG diferencialmente metilados, p<10-06 situados en cuatro genes diferentes, tras la replicación uno de ellos se mantuvo estadísticamente significativo (p<0.05). Un análisis en profundidad de dicha región, mostró otro punto CG asociado con la recurrencia vascular. Estos zonas diferencialmente metilados están localizados en un gen de la familia TNF receptor associated factor, que previamente ha sido asociado con la progresión de la arterioesclerosis y con la regulación de CD40L. Este es el primer estudio farmacoepigenético que se lleva a cabo en pacientes de ictus isquémico, que sugiere que los cambios en los niveles de metilación pueden estar implicados en la respuesta al tratamiento antiplaquetario.
Vilardell, Navarro Natàlia. "Fisiopatología, historia natural, complicaciones y tratamiento de la disfagia orofaríngea asociada al ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406071.
Повний текст джерелаOropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) is a disease described by the World Health Organization highly prevalent in post-stroke patients. OD is characterized by impairments on efficacy of swallowing affecting the capacity of bolus transport and/or by impaired safety of swallowing where part or the whole bolus enters through the airways predisposing increased respiratory and nutritional complications with high morbi-mortality rates. In this Thesis we reported the prevalence of post-stroke OD by means of clinical tests such as the volume-viscosity swallow test (V-VST) highlighting those demographical (advanced age) and clinical factors (related with stroke severity and poorer functional status) significantly associated with impaired safety and efficacy of swallowing. Moreover, we could describe the natural history of post-stroke OD detecting an important percentage of patients who spontaneously recovered from deglutition impairments, as well as, new cases of swallowing function’s worsening during the chronic stage emphasizing the need of continuous monitoring of swallowing. During the follow-up we could describe increased incidence of clinical complications such as respiratory infections, institutionalization and mortality in those post-stroke patients with OD and impaired safety of swallowing in comparison with those post-stroke patients with normal swallow. By means of videofluoroscopy we could identify a delay on the airways (delayed laryngeal vestibule closure time) and a reduced tongue bolus propulsion such as those main pathophysiological factors associated with post-stroke OD. In addition, we quantified with good accuracy the delay on the laryngeal vestibule closure time. In that sense, a laryngeal vestibule closure time greater than 340 ms such a critical parameter should be considered in the identification of post-stroke patients with increased risk of penetrations and/or aspirations. In the management of post-stroke patients with OD we confirmed the therapeutic effects of compensatory strategies based on the use of thickeners reducing the prevalence of penetrations and aspirations without changes on the physiology of swallowing nor on the bolus kinetics. Going beyond, we described the effect of new treatment strategies based on the neurorehabilitation of the impaired function by means of intrapharyngeal electrical stimulation obtaining positive results. The main swallowing improvements were a reduction on the timing of airways protection and a decrease on the score of severity of penetrations and aspirations. Expecting that these pilot results confirmed in randomized controlled trials, neurorehabilitation strategies will be implemented, sooner than later, in the normal clinical practice and treatment of post-stroke OD.
Hernández, Pérez María. "Neuroimagen en el ictus agudo: búsqueda de nuevos biomarcadores subrogados del pronóstico clínico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406092.
Повний текст джерелаObjectives: 1. To adapt and to validate a new sequence of dynamic magnetic resonance angiography (dMRA) in order to study arterial occlusion location, collateral status and venous drainage in acute stroke patients. 2. To examine the relation of the burden of intracranial carotid artery wall calcification with arterial revascularization and functional outcome in acute stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT). 3. To study the associations between the degree of reperfusion achieved immediately after MT according to the angiographic Thrombolysis in Cerebral Ischemia (TICI) grading system and according to perfusion MRI and to determine the value of reperfusion as a surrogate marker of functional prognosis in patients undergoing MT. Methods: For experiments 1 and 2 we selected subjects from the prospective database of acute stroke patients of Germans Trias Hospital, while for the experiment 3 we designed a prospective study of serial neuroimaging in patients undergoing MT. Clinical data were prospectively recorded. Neuroimaging studies were anonymized and evaluated by two investigators blinded to clinical and other radiological data. For the experiment 1 baseline MR was evaluated including dMRA and angioRM TOF sequences; for experiment 2, the amount of calcium in the arterial wall of the intracranial carotid CT was calculated on the baseline CT. Regarding experiment 3 we evaluated both TICI grades on conventional angiography and perfusion MRI sequences before and after the intervention. We calculated reperfusion index (RI) as (TMax6s pre-MT xTMax6s post-MT)/TMax6s pre-MT. Results: 1. Experiment 1: Inclusion of 25 patients; dRMA detected 3 tandem occlusions and 3 incomplete arterial occlusions that were not identified by TOF MRI. Complete collateral filling (n=12, 48%) was associated with smaller diffusion weighted imaging lesion volume (p = 0.039), smaller hypoperfused volume (p = 0.018) and lower hypoperfusion intensity ratio (0.018). Patients with symmetrical venous clearance (52%) were more likely to have complete collateral filling (p = 0.015). 2. Experiment 2: Inclusion of 194 patients. Larger volumes of calcium in the intracranial carotid wall were associated with incomplete arterial revascularization (adjusted OR 0.73 [95% confidence Interval, 0-57-0.93]) and with a poorer functional outcome (adjusted OR 1.31 [95%confidence interval, 1.04-1.66]). 3. Experiment 3: We studied 53 patients. A higher post-procedural TICI grade was correlated with a smaller post-procedural hypoperfusion volume and a lower value of RI (p <0.001 in both cases). For the prediction of good prognosis, optimal cutpoint for TMax6s post-MT lesion volume was 5mL and for RI was 90%. RI> 90% had the highest global accuracy for predicting clinical outcome followed by TICI 2b-3, but TICI 2b-3 was more feasible. Conclusions: 1. dMRA was feasible and reliable in patients with acute stroke. It allowed a better evaluation of the site of occlusion and the presence of anterograde flow through thrombus than conventional angioRM techniques and enabled the dynamic evaluation of arterial input and venous drainage. 2. A larger amount of calcium in the intracranial carotid artery before MT in acute stroke patients was an indicator of worse postprocedural arterial revascularization and poorer functional outcome. 3. TICI angiographic grades and MR reperfusion were closely related. TICI2b-3 was the best surrogate of clinical prognosis by combining global accuracy and feasibility.
Maldonado, Manzano Eduard. "Depresión, ansiedad y calidad de vida percibida en pacientes fumadores con ictus agudo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671240.
Повний текст джерелаCasi todas las personas que sufren ictus presentan factores de riesgo vascular que influyen en el riesgo de padecer esta enfermedad, muchos de estos modificables. El estudio ha incluido a 115 pacientes fumadores que sufrieron un ictus agudo y fueron hospitalizados en el Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta de Girona (Cataluña, España). Se ha estudiado la prevalencia de la ansiedad y la depresión haciendo un seguimiento a los 3 y 12 meses para conocer la salud mental y el consumo de tabaco de los participantes y las repercusiones en su calidad de vida. Las personas estudiadas presentaban diversos factores de riesgo vascular, sobre todo HTA y dislipemia, mayoritariamente eran hombres de menos de 60 años. Los fumadores presentaban mayor ansiedad respecto a los no fumadores. En cuanto a la depresión, a los 3 meses los no fumadores presentaban puntuaciones más altas, en cambio a los 12 meses eran los fumadores los que presentaban puntuaciones más elevadas. El hecho de abandonar el consumo de tabaco incidió de manera positiva con menos ansiedad y depresión al final del seguimiento. Además, las personas que referían mayor calidad de vida percibida al final del estudio eran las que estaban menos deprimidas
Castelló, Ruiz María. "Estudio del potencial efecto neuroprotector de fitoestrógenos en el ictus isquémico de rata." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/52155.
Повний текст джерелаAim. Phytoestrogens are naturally ocurring plant chemicals with estrogen-like structure and/or actions. Since phytoestrogens have been shown to have beneficial effects on the central nervous system, we assessed the hypothesis that: (1) soy-derived isoflavones contained in current laboratory rodent diets improve stroke outcome in normotensive (male and female Wistar rats), hypertensive rats (Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats, SHR) and its normotensive controls Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats; and (2) the pure isoflavones daidzein, genistein and biochanin A can mimick such a neuroprotective effect. Methods. (1) To determine the effect of dietary isoflavones, the animals were subdivided in two groups: one fed a soy-based diet and the other with a natural isoflavone-free diet. (2) The acute effects of pure isoflavones were studied by feeding rats with a synthetic isoflavone-free diet. Transient focal cerebral ischemia (90 min.) was induced to all the animals by middle cerebral artery occlusion following the intraluminal thread technique. Cerebro-cortical laser-Doppler flow (cortical perfusion, CP), arterial blood pressure, core temperature, PaO2, PaCO2, pH and glycemia were measured before, during and after MCAO. Animals destined to the study of acute effects of isoflavones received 1-10 mg/kg/day i.p. of daidzein, genistein or biochanin A from 30 min. after ischemia until 3 days reperfusion. At that time neurological examination and cerebral infarct volume were measured. Results. (1) Wistar male and female rats, but not SHR or WKY rats, fed the soy-based diet had a better neurological status and lower infarcts volumes than rats fed the isoflavone-free diet. Consumption of dietary isoflavones did not modify arterial blood pressure either in normotensive or in hypertensive rats. (2) Acute treatment with genistein 1 mg/kg/day reduced the mean total infarct volume and improved the neurological score in Wistar male and female rats, but not in SHR or WKY rats. Conclusion. Our results lend support to the neuroprotective effect of both dietary (preventive neuroprotection) and pure isoflavones (pharmacological neuroprotection) in ischemic stroke.
TOSO, FRANCESCA. "Talari Progetto per la riabilitazione sensomotoria di pazienti allettati a seguito di ictus." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/282378.
Повний текст джерелаTorné, Vilagrasa Elvira. "Anàlisi de les necessitats de recursos sanitaris en els pacients amb ictus a Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129404.
Повний текст джерелаThe economic, sociocultural and health development of a country allows for the improvement of the population’s living conditions, which reverberates in the welfare and in the population longevity. This situation leads to a change in the type of morbidity with predominance in chronic diseases, such as those of the cardiovascular system. Stroke belongs to this category and it is the leading cause of death in spanish women, and the third main cause in men (2010). We have an aged population with predominance of chronic diseases and we have the possibility of realizing preventive and curative therapies of pathologies such as the stroke. It is important to analyse of the health needs in patients affected by stroke. This is the main objective of this study, focusing on patients affected by stroke in Barcelona. We conducted an observational study on a Barcelona population, from the year 2000 to 2011 and also conducted future predictions for the years 2015 and 2020. We analyzed the codes corresponding to patients who are affected by stroke, using the database of the Minimal Basic Set of Information from general hospitals and health-social centres (SC). We studied the evolution of the hospitalization of stroke according to sex, age, average occupancy, typology of stroke and discharge destination. To calculate the denominator of the incident hospitalization rates we used two registers: Census (2000-2002) and Central Registry of Inhabitants from 2003-2011. The Mortality Heath Department Register was used to study the changes in deaths during the study period and we used the Institut d'Estadística of Catalonia register for the estimate of the population. We analysed the tendency of morbidity and mortality rates with lineal regression and correlation models. We included several models of Poisson's regression to estimate the tendency of hospitalization rate in the folowing 5 and 10 years. Also, the destination of the patients discharged: the home residence or SC (dependency), in function of the demographic changes estimated. The obtained results show a significant increase in the stroke hospitalization incidence rate, with an increasing demand for general hospitals. It leads to an increase in the needs for beds in 14% (7-25%) and 77% (40-115%), (2015 and 2020). Also, the home residence as a destination of the patients discharged will increase, while SC as a destination will decrease; then we anticipate a decrease in the need for beds by 6,9 % and 15,5 % for the years 2015 and 2020 in these SC. This analysis was complemented with the evaluation of the sanitary cost that of 15.773.062 € (general and social hospitalizations and ambulatory activity in SC) and the estimation for the next years, with an increase of 12,6% (8,3-18,6%) for 2015 and of 72% (45-98%) for 2020, basically for the expense of general hospitals. The results were considered plausible with the information published in the literature, especially because of the positive responses of the patients after the application of the new therapies in the early phase of the disease. However, it is important to remember that the long-term projections (2020) present a wide IC, which could result in certain vagueness in the obtained results. To have information about the needs and resources is a fundamental tool for managers and sanitary planners, and has to allow designing strategic plans according to scientific methodology. To reflect the changes of health and social-health needs is important, and can facilitate that the patients with stroke will be able to have an efficient, equitable and good quality care in general hospitals and in SC. In this way, a sanitary integral assistance that helps to improve the health state of the affected patients can be guarantee.
Flores, Flores Alan Alberto. "Factores pronosticos en fase aguda del ictus isquemico en el tratamiento endovascular de reperfusión." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/283537.
Повний текст джерелаINTRODUCTION: Stroke is the first cause of permanent disability in adulthood, the first cause of death in women and the second in man. Currently, reperfusion endovascular treatment is an option in acute ischemic stroke due to arterial occlusion, especially in refractory cases or contraindications for intravenous thrombolytic treatment. However, even with high rates of recanalization after endovascular treatment, good clinical outcome rates are not proportional. Identify predictor factors in acute phase, could help to estimate the benefit of endovascular treatment according to a profile or clinical context. OBJECTIVES: 1) Determinate the impact of age-adjusted infarct volume on the outcome in patients undergoing to endovascular treatment. 2) Investigate the impact of recanalization of isolated M2 segment occlusions of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) and security in endovascular treatment 3) Evaluate the potential value in prognosis of the cortical monitoring by Bispectral Index in the acute phase in patients undergoing reperfusion endovascular treatment. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis in prospective cohorts of patients who underwent endovascular treatment of reperfusion. In the first study, a cutoff point was determined in the final infarct volume to better predict functional recovery in three different age groups; <70 years, 70-79 years and ≥ 80 years in a single center. The second, is an observational, multi-centric study in patients with isolated M2 segment occlusions underwent reperfusion endovascular treatment. In the third, the prognostic value of monitoring the cortical activity by Bispectral Index (BIS) in acute ischemic stroke in patients undergoing reperfusion therapy was evaluated. RESULTS: 1) The cutoff infarct volume that better predict a favorable clinical outcome according to age range was: 49cc in 70 y/o, 32.5cc in 70-80 y/o, 15.2cc in >80 y/o. In multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, site of occlusion, baseline NIHSS and infarct volume, the only independent factor for good clinical outcome at 3 months was age-adjusted infarct volume threshold (OR 5.5, 95% CI 1.6a18 0.8, p <0.01). 2) In patients with M2 occlusion, those with recanalization (78.5%) had significantly lower infarct volume (8 cc.IQ :0-44cc Vs.82cc.IQ:34-113cc), a lower NIHSS-24 hours (7 Vs 17) and a higher rates of mRS 0-2 at 3 months (54.5% vs.5.4%) than those without recanalization. In multivariate analysis, age and NIHSS before the procedure were independent predictors of good clinical evolution at 3 months. 3) The final BIS value was inversely correlated with NIHSS-24 hours and discharge and infarct volume at 24-36 hours. A ROC curve identified a final BIS> 81 as the best predictor of clinical improvement at discharge. In patients without clinical improvement within 24 hours, adjusted recanalization, post-treatment NIHSS and age, number BIS> 81 emerges as the only independent predictor of clinical improvement at discharge (OR11.6, 95% CI :1.112-122 0.3, P = 0.04) CONCLUSIONS: 1.) The infarct volume threshold compatible with functional independence at month decreases progressively with age. The age-adjusted infarct volume threshold is a powerful predictor of clinical outcome for long term 2.) In M2 occlusions of the MCA, recanalization for endovascular procedure is associated with better clinical outcome in patients with moderate to severe symptoms. 3.) The final Bispectral Index (BIS) value is an early prognostic marker of clinical improvement at discharge. Final BIS value could identifies among patients without initial clinical improvement, those who presented later neurological recovery.
Merino, Zamorano Cristina. "Identificación de biomarcadores en el ictus hemorrágico y su estudio funcional en modelos experimentales." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/385211.
Повний текст джерелаIntracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a focal bleeding from a blood vessel in the brain parenchyma. Despite the high ratio of ICH severity and mortality, the molecular mechanisms involved in this disease are still unknown. Therefore, the main objective of this thesis is focused on the identification of molecules involved in the pathology of the ICH that might be candidates for a better diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. Primary ICH is caused by hypertensive arteriosclerosis and/or cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). The diagnosis and prognosis is based on neuroimaging criteria, but these techniques remain inaccessible and not enough specific. Therefore, our first study was based on the search of biomarkers of primary ICH etiology through the transcriptome analysis of blood cells using microarray technology. Although we were unable to identify biomarkers to differentiate between CAA associated-ICH and hypertensive associated-ICH, we found that GOLGA8A (Golgin A8 Family, Member A) gene expression and the corresponding plasma protein levels were increased in patients with ICH in comparison to controls. Secondly, we aimed to identify molecules involved in a cause of secondary ICH, such as the hemorrhagic transformation (HT) in the ischemic stroke after the thrombolytic therapy. Despite the effectiveness of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA), its therapeutic window remains limited, mainly by occasional vascular deleterious effects. Thus, we focused our study on the discovery of molecules altered by the combination of r-tPA and ischemic conditions in endothelial cells in vitro. We identified the nuclear transcription factor Nurr1 (NR4A2, Nuclear receptor subfamily 4 groupA member 2) as a candidate molecule involved in cell death and inflammation. In addition, we established an association between baseline serum levels of Nurr1 and the subsequent development of symptomatic HT in patients with ischemic stroke who received r-tPA. Finally, in a third study, we planned to determine the modulation of β-amyloid (Aβ) trafficking by the chaperones apolipoproteins ApoA1 and ApoJ across the BBB. In this regard, we confirmed that both recombinant human ApoA1 and ApoJ proteins influenced the Aβ(1-40) clearance through different mechanisms in a mouse in vitro BBB model. Our results suggest that the modulation of the balance of these apolipoproteins between the periphery and the brain may be a future strategy to develop an effective therapy for CAA. In summary, we consider that our studies contribute to the understanding of some mechanism involved in the ICH pathology and propose new preclinical and therapeutic approaches for different ICH subtypes.
Peretti, Sara. "Metodiche di valutazione della Core Stability nel paziente con anamnesi di ictus: scoping review." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21945/.
Повний текст джерелаSanjuan, Menéndez Estel·la. "Análisis de la aplicación de los criterios de activación del Código ictus en Cataluña." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/285608.
Повний текст джерелаAim:To determine the suitability of the Classic stroke code criteria (CSCC) to select those candidates to receive reperfusion therapies (RT). Methods: Stroke Code (SC) activations and no activations in Catalonia during a 1year. Results:SC activation was carried out in 2.289 occasions, 64% were correct and 36% wrong. 522 patients(22,8%) received RT in which 87(16,6%) did not fulfill CSCC: age>80y.o.(11,3%), time>6hours(1,1%), functional status(2,7%), >1 criterion(1,5%).In this period, 7.206 stroke patients were admitted without SC activation, 80,9% correctly and incorrectly in 19,1% in which 570 patients were potential candidates to receive RT. Conclusions:A high number of patients that don’t fulfill CSCC receive RT, so it confirms that age and time criterion should be changed based on the clinical practice. Improvement in the SC system is required to increase sensitivity.
Montaner, Villalonga Joan. "El papel de las metaloproteinasas de matriz en la fase aguda del ictus isquémico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4424.
Повний текст джерелаLas metaloproteinasas de la matriz (MMPs) son una familia de enzimas proteolíticas (Zn-dependientes) que se encargan del remodelado de la matriz extracelular (MEC) y que en conjunto pueden degradar todos los constituyentes de la misma.
Entre las MMPs, la gelatinasa A (MMP-2) y la gelatinasa B (MMP-9), que serán objeto de nuestro estudio, son capaces de digerir la lámina basal endotelial, que juega un papel fundamental en el mantenimiento de la barrera hematoencefálica.
En estudios de isquemia cerebral animal se ha demostrado el papel deletéreo de estas gelatinasas y cómo su bloqueo farmacológico o las cepas knock out de MMP-9 muestran infartos cerebrales de menor tamaño.
Sin embargo no existen estudios "in vivo" en el ser humano que hayan analizado la expresión de estas moléculas en el ictus isquémico.
Por ello nuestros objetivos son determinar el perfil temporal de la expresión de MMPs durante la fase aguda del ictus y relacionar los niveles plasmáticos de estas moléculas con la situación neurológica de los pacientes, con su evolución clínica, con la duración de la oclusión arterial y tamaño final de infarto asicomo con la aparición de transformación hemorrágica en el seno del mismo. Estudiaremos también la relación de estas moléculas con otras marcadores neuroinflamatorios.
Los resultados más relevantes de estos estudios son:
1.- Hemos descrito por primera vez una sobreexpresión de MMP-9 en la fase aguda del ictus isquémico en humanos.
2.- Los niveles de MMP-2 son máximos en el momento basal y los de MMP-9 alcanzan su pico a las 24 horas.
3.- Existe una correlación estrecha entre la expresión de MMP-9 y la situación neurológica del paciente en la fase aguda. Niveles elevados de MMP-9 y MMP-2 se asocian con deterioro neurológico.
4.- La duración de la oclusión arterial y su localización influyen en la expresión de MMPs. Los pacientes con oclusiones proximales de la ACM durante todo el periodo del estudio son los que tienen niveles más elevados de MMPs.
5.- Además, la expresión de MMP-9 se correlaciona con el tamaño del infarto cerebral medido en la Tomografía Computarizada craneal.
6.- Las MMPs están implicadas en el desarrollo de transformación hemorrágica tras el ictus cardioembólico. Los niveles basales de MMP-9 influyen en la aparición de un infarto hemorrágico en fase tardía. Su pico a las 24 horas se asocia con la presencia de un hematoma parenquimatoso.
7.- Existen una relación estrecha entre la expresión de MMPs y la de citocinas proinflamatorias como la IL-6, tras la isquemia cerebral.
Estos resultados son especialmente útiles ya que permitirán abrir nuevas vías terapéuticas en la patología cerebral isquémica. En la actualidad se ha aprobado el uso de t-PA en el tratamiento del ictus isquémico de <3 horas de evolución, por lo que este tipo de pacientes comenzarán a ser tratados con fármacos trombolíticos, que mejoran el pronóstico clínico del paciente recanalizando la arteria cerebral ocluida pero que tienen como principal efecto adverso la aparición de complicaciones hemorrágicas que a nivel cerebral conducen en muchas ocasiones a la muerte del paciente. Será relevante saber si los niveles de MMPs predicen estas complicaciones hemorrágicas y ayudan a mejorar la seguridad de dichos tratamientos trombolíticos.
Cardioembolic stroke is due to the occlusion of a brain artery by an offending clot proceding from the heart. Usually, large cerebral infarctions with high rates of spontaneous recanalization and hemorrhagic transformations are observed in this subtype of ischemic stroke. Therefore, these patients are quite similar to the animal models of focal transient or permanent cerebral ischemia in which neuroinflammation has been studied.
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-binding proteolytic enzymes that normally remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM) and pathologically attack substrates as part of the neuroinflammatory response. MMP-2 (72-kDa, Gelatinase A) and MMP-9 (92-kDa, Gelatinase B) specifically attack type IV collagen, laminin and fibronectin, which are the major components of the basal lamina around cerebral blood vessels.
MMPs participate in many physiologic tissue remodeling processes, including embryologic and bone remodeling, wound healing, angiogenesis, ovulation, and implantation. However, uncontrolled expression of MMPs can result in tissue destruction and inflammation.
Recently, abnormal MMPs activity has been implicated in cerebral ischemia. In animal models, MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression has been shown to increase early after ischemic onset. Treatment with MMPs inhibitors and MMPs-neutralizing antibodies has also been shown to reduce both vasogenic edema formation and infarct size in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. In addition, reduced ischemic lesion volumes have been observed in MMP-9 knockout mice as compared with wild-type littermates. These studies suggest that the MMP family participates in the pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia.
As this hypothesis has not been tested for humans in vivo, we aimed to determine the temporal profile of MMP expression in patients with acute ischemic stroke and to investigate its relationship with stroke severity, location of arterial occlusion and total infarct volume. We also evaluated the relationship of MMPs with other neuroinflammatory markers.
The main results of these studies are:
1.- We have described for the first time an over expression of MMP-9 in the acute phase of human ischemic stroke.
2.- MMP-2 levels are higher in the baseline measurement. Peak levels of MMP-9 were found at the 24-hour determination.
3.- Stroke severity was correlated to MMP-9 levels at different time points after symptom onset. An association between MMP-9-MMP-2 levels and neurological deterioration was found.
4.- MMP expression was related to the time and location of MCA occlusion. Patients with a proximal MCA occlusion during the complete study period have the highest MMPs level.
5.- In addition, a positive correlation between mean MMP-9 and total infarct volume measured by means of CT scan was found.
6.- MMPs have shown to be involved in some subtypes of hemorrhagic transformation after human cardioembolic stroke. Baseline MMP-9 level predicts late-hemorrhagic infarctions and a 24h-peak precedes early-parenchymal hemorrhages.
7.- MMP expression correlates with the inflammatory cascade activation after acute cardioembolic stroke. From all measured timepoints, the best correlation was that of MMP-9 with IL-6 at 24 hours.
These findings suggest a deleterious role for MMP-9 in the development of brain damage after human ischemic stroke and raise the possibility to modulate this molecule in a therapeutic manner. Because hemorrhagic infarction and hematoma are feared events that may follow ischemic stroke and thrombolytic agents that are beneficial for acute stroke treatment are increasingly used after approval even though increase the risk of hemorrhagic transformation, it is critical to identify the underlying mechanisms of this complication, to make tPA a safer stroke therapy.
Delgado, Mederos Raquel. "Predictores de la evolución clínico-radiológica del ictus isquémico agudo tras el tratamiento trombolítico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/4548.
Повний текст джерелаObjetivos: 1) Evaluar el impacto de la velocidad de recanalización (VR) tras la trombolisis sobre el crecimiento de la lesión isquémica en difusión (DWI) por resonancia magnética (RM) y sobre la evolución clínica precoz y el pronóstico funcional. 2) Conocer la influencia de los cambios de la PA durante la fase aguda sobre la evolución de la lesión isquémica en DWI y sobre el pronóstico clínico.
Métodos: Estudiamos prospectivamente pacientes con un ictus por oclusión aguda de arteria cerebral media tratados con rt-PA. Se realizó una RM con DWI dentro de las primeras 6 horas y a las 36-48 horas desde el inicio de los síntomas. El crecimiento de la lesión isquémica en DWI (crecDWI) se definió como volumen DWI final - inicial. En el primer trabajo se incluyeron 113 pacientes en los que se realizó una monitorización continua por Doppler transcraneal (DTC) durante 2 horas tras el bolus de rt-PA para determinar la VR, clasificándose en súbita (<1 minuto), escalonada (1-29 minutos) y lenta (≥30 minutos), según su duración. Para el segundo trabajo se realizó además en 80 pacientes una monitorización de PA durante las primeras 24 horas y se determinó la recanalización a las 6 horas. La evolución clínica se determinó a las 24 horas y a los 3 meses.
Resultados:
1) Del total, 63 (55,7%) pacientes recanalizaron durante las primeras 2 horas tras la trombolisis. La VR fue súbita en 20,6%, escalonada en 50,8% y lenta en 28,6%. La VR se correlacionó con el crecDWI (r=0.52; p<0.001). La recanalización súbita fue el patrón asociado a menor crecDWI (3.23±10.5 cm3), comparado con el patrón escalonado (24.9±37 cm3) y lento (46.3±38 cm3) y con la ausencia de recanalización (51.7±34 cm3). La recanalización lenta se asoció a mayor crecDWI (P=0.003), peor evolución clínica precoz (P=0.021) y peor pronóstico funcional a los 3 meses (P=0.032), comparable a los que no recanalizaron.
2) La variabilidad de la PA (desviación estándar de la media de 24 horas) se correlacionó con el crecDWI (r=0.46; p=0.0003 para sistólica; r=0.26; p=0.02 para diastólica), la evolución clínica precoz (p=0.06 para sistólica; p=0.01 para diastólica) y el pronóstico funcional (p=0.002 para sistólica; p=0.07 para diastólica). Sin embargo, el significado pronóstico de la variabilidad de PA varió en función de la presencia de recanalización. El aumento de la variabilidad de PA sistólica fue predictor independiente de mayor crecDWI (beta: 6.9; IC 95%: 3.2-10.7; p=0.003) y de peor pronóstico funcional (OR: 11; IC 95%: 2.2-56.1; p=0.004) en pacientes sin recanalización. En cambio, la PA no se relacionó con la evolución clínico-radiológica en pacientes con recanalización.
Conclusiones:
1) La identificación de la VR tras la trombolisis intravenosa ayuda a predecir precozmente la evolución de la lesión isquémica y el pronóstico a corto y largo plazo tras el ictus en pacientes tratados con trombolisis intravenosa.
2) La variabilidad de PA durante la fase aguda del ictus se asocia al grado de crecimiento de la lesión isquémica y el curso clínico. Sin embargo, su impacto pronóstico depende de la ausencia de recanalización tras la trombolisis.
Background: Ischemic stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. There is evidence that intravenous (IV) thrombolysis with recombinant tisular plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is an effective treatment in acute ischemic stroke. However, only half of rt-PA treated patients achieve a good clinical outcome. Information on factors influencing the response to intravenous rt-PA is limited. This Thesis focuses on two processes that may have a relevant prognostic impact on ischemic stroke after thrombolysis: the dynamic profile of arterial recanalization and the early blood pressure (BP) course.
Objectives: 1) To evaluate the impact of the speed of recanalization (SR) on the acute ischemic lesion evolution using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and on outcome in stroke patients treated with intravenous rt-PA). 2) To investigate the influence of early BP changes on DWI lesion evolution and clinical outcome after thrombolysis.
Methods: Consecutive IV rt-PA-treated stroke patients with middle cerebral artery occlusion were studied. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging studies including DWI within the first 6 hours and at 36-48 hours after symptom onset. DWI lesion evolution was assessed as the difference between final and initial DWI. In the first study, we evaluated 113 patients who were continuously monitored with transcranial Doppler (TCD) during the first 2 hours after tPA administration. The SR was defined as sudden (<1 minute), stepwise (1 to 29 minutes), or slow (≥30 minutes). In the second study we included 80 patients who underwent BP monitoring during 24 hours after admission and assessment of recanalization on TCD at 6 hours of stroke onset. Clinical evaluation was performed at 24 hours and 3 months.
Results:
1) Sixty-three (55,7%) patients recanalized during TCD monitoring. Of them, 20,6% recanalized suddenly, 50,8% in a stepwise manner, and 28,6% recanalized slowly. SR was significantly correlated with DWI lesion growth at 36-48 hours (r=0.52; p<0.001). Sudden recanalization was associated with smaller DWI lesion growth (3.23±10.5 cm3) compared with stepwise (24.9±37 cm3), slow (46.3±38 cm3), and no (51.7±34 cm3) recanalization. The slow pattern was associated with greater DWI growth (P=0.003), lesser degree of clinical improvement (P=0.021) and worse 3-month outcome (P=0.032), comparable to the non-recanalization group.
2) BP variability, estimated as the SD of the 24h-mean, was associated with DWI lesion growth (r=0.46, p=0.0003 for systolic BP and r=0.26, p=0.02 for diastolic BP), early clinical course (p=0.06 for systolic BP and p=0.01 for diastolic BP), and functional outcome (p=0.002 for systolic BP and p=0.07 for diastolic BP). However, the prognostic significance of BP changes differed depending on the presence of recanalization: systolic BP variability emerged as an independent predictor of DWI lesion growth (beta: 6.9; 95% CI, 3.2 to 10.7, p=0.003) and worse stroke outcome (OR: 11;95%; CI: 2.2 to 56.1; p=0.004) in patients without recanalization, but not in recanalized patients.
Conclusions:
1) The identification of the SR allows the early prediction of DWI lesion evolution and clinical outcome in acute stroke patients treated with intravenous thrombolysis.
2) The degree of BP variability is associated with DWI lesion growth and clinical course in patients with stroke treated with IV rt-PA. However, its impact varies depending on the occurrence of early recanalization after thrombolysis.
Boned, Riera Sandra. "Estrategias de mejora en la eficacia del tratamiento endovascular en el ictus isquémico agudo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667399.
Повний текст джерелаIschemic stroke is a time sensitive medical emergency that requires rapid cerebral reperfusion. Recently, endovascular treatment has become a new standard in the usual practice of acute management in ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. Despite looking optimal at first glance, the results are not always as expected. In this thesis are presented two studies about patients with acute ischemic stroke undergoing endovascular treatment at the Hospital Vall d'Hebron. On one side it is analyzed the influence of clinical variables, neuroimaging and workflow metrics in acute endovascular. On the other side optimization strategies are developed in the efficacy of this aiming to improve the plausible functional evolution of these patients. The results of the first study show the reversibility of the infarct volume initially observed in the perfusion CT, especially in ischemic strokes that come in an early time window, may deny an effective therapy to patients still candidates for reperfusion treatment. The second study demonstrates the safety and efficacy in the reduction of workflow metrics in endovascular treatment, achieving a faster brain reperfusion with higher clinical improvement rates after the application of a direct transfer to angiosuite protocol in stroke with high suspicion of arterial occlusion.
Rodríguez, Campello Ana. "Influencia de los hábitos dietéticos y de la obesidad abdominal en el ictus isquémico." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402362.
Повний текст джерелаObjectives: To analyze if there are dietary and anthropometric differences between patients with ischemic stroke and controls of the same population and to evaluate if there are differences by gender and stroke subtypes. It was also studied whether dietary prevention patterns were equally healthy in patients with ischemic stroke and in controls. Material and methods: Prospective study that included hospitalized patients with a diagnosis of ischemic stroke and healthy controls. Demographic and anthropometric data (weight, height, and waist circumference), age, sex and vascular risk factors were recorded. In a subgroup of subjects, dietary habits were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, recording the usual intake of nutrients during the previous year. The consumption of macronutrients described associated with an increase in the incidence of stroke, the different ways of preparing food and eating habits to control the vascular risk before the stroke were quantified. Results: A higher caloric intake was observed in patients with stroke than in controls, proteins (p <0.001; OR 1.02), total cholesterol (P = 0.001, OR 1.04), and breaded foods (p = 0.001, OR 1.94) and lower consumption of yogurt with lactobacillus (p = 0.002; OR 0.88). Differences between stroke subtypes were also observed. There were no gender differences regarding caloric intake, nutrient intake or food processing methods. The controls reported a greater propensity to follow a healthy diet and women with ischemic stroke were more aware of maintaining healthy dietary habits than men. In the univariate study, the increase in BMI was not associated with an increased risk of stroke in women or globally, but it was a protective factor in men (p = 0.03; OR 0.59 [0.37-0.94]). Stratified by gender, abdominal obesity was significantly associated with the risk of stroke in women, both in waist circumference (p <0.001; OR 5.79 [3.10-10.85]) and waist to height ratio (p <0.001; OR 3.61 [1.99-6.54]), whereas the association was not significant in men. However, in the multivariate analysis adjusted for vascular risk factors, abdominal obesity was a risk factor for both genders, but the magnitude of the association was significantly higher in women. Conclusions: There are dietary and anthropometric differences between patients with ischemic stroke and a control population. Patients with stroke have a higher consumption of protein and total cholesterol and a greater frequency of food preparation forms described as detrimental to the development of stroke. Patients with stroke are less conscious to maintain healthy dietary habits, especially men. Weight gain measured by body-mass index is not associated with an increased risk of stroke in women or globally and it is a protective factor in men. However, abdominal obesity does increase the risk of ischemic stroke and is a risk factor for both genders, higher in women. These findings support the need to emphasize healthy dietary patterns and reduction of abdominal obesity in primary prevention, especially in subjects with cardiovascular risk factors.
Caruso, Silvia. "Valutazione sperimentale della stabilita motoria tramite misure inerziali in soggetti con esito di ictus." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2013. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6337/.
Повний текст джерелаCalugi, Simona <1975>. "Attivita' fisica adattata nella riabilitazione post-ictus: Risultati al follow-up di 12 mesi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6288/1/Calugi_Simona_tesi.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаStroke is one of the main public health concerns, because it is a leading cause of death and long-term disability in elderly people. Responding to the need for secondary and tertiary prevention strategies to improve function post stroke and prevent or delay subsequent strokes as well as other disabling conditions, Italy has pioneered development of Adaptive Physical Activity (APA) for stroke. The aim of this study is to assess whether the combination of Adapted Physical Activity (APA) and Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) improves function and quality of life in stroke survivors. This non-randomized controlled study enrolled 229 patients with mild to moderate hemiparesis, 126 in the experimental group and 103 in the control group. Data were assessed in baseline and at 4 and 12 month follow-up. The outcome measures were 4-month change (that corresponds to 2 months post-intervention in the experimental group) in gait velocity endurance, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale, Barthel Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, the SF-12 and Caregiver Strain Index. Gait endurance, physical performance, balance and the physical component of quality of life score increased significantly at 4 months in the APA group and remained stable in the control group. At 12 month follow-up, the experimental group had a significantly higher improvement on physical performance, quality of life and a lower number of fractures and readmissions compared to the control group. Our results confirm that it is feasible and potentially effective to implement APA programs for elderly patients after stroke and suggest that, when combined with TPE, the effects of a post-rehabilitation APA program are enduring.
Calugi, Simona <1975>. "Attivita' fisica adattata nella riabilitazione post-ictus: Risultati al follow-up di 12 mesi." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6288/.
Повний текст джерелаStroke is one of the main public health concerns, because it is a leading cause of death and long-term disability in elderly people. Responding to the need for secondary and tertiary prevention strategies to improve function post stroke and prevent or delay subsequent strokes as well as other disabling conditions, Italy has pioneered development of Adaptive Physical Activity (APA) for stroke. The aim of this study is to assess whether the combination of Adapted Physical Activity (APA) and Therapeutic Patient Education (TPE) improves function and quality of life in stroke survivors. This non-randomized controlled study enrolled 229 patients with mild to moderate hemiparesis, 126 in the experimental group and 103 in the control group. Data were assessed in baseline and at 4 and 12 month follow-up. The outcome measures were 4-month change (that corresponds to 2 months post-intervention in the experimental group) in gait velocity endurance, Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), Berg Balance Scale, Barthel Index, Geriatric Depression Scale, the SF-12 and Caregiver Strain Index. Gait endurance, physical performance, balance and the physical component of quality of life score increased significantly at 4 months in the APA group and remained stable in the control group. At 12 month follow-up, the experimental group had a significantly higher improvement on physical performance, quality of life and a lower number of fractures and readmissions compared to the control group. Our results confirm that it is feasible and potentially effective to implement APA programs for elderly patients after stroke and suggest that, when combined with TPE, the effects of a post-rehabilitation APA program are enduring.
Morone, Giovanni. "Fattori determinanti l'efficacia della terapia robotica nel recupero della deambulazione nei pazienti con ictus." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424510.
Повний текст джерелаL' ictus e' la piu' importante causa di morbilita' e disabilita' a lungo termine e la terza causa di morte in Europa. In futuro i cambiamenti demografici porteranno ad un aumento dell'incidenza e della prevalenza tanto da far pensare ad una vera e propria pandemia. I casi di ictus in Italia sono circa 200.000 ogni anno, di cui l'80% sono nuovi episodi e il 20% recidive. A seguito della fase acuta il paziente viene preso in carico da un team multidisciplinare con il fine di individuare le funzioni compromesse e le relative cure da adottare per ridurne la disabilita e migliorare la partecipazione del paziente alle attivita' di vita quotidiane. Tra i maggiori determinanti della disabilita' post ictus vi e' il recupero della deambulazione autonoma che rappresenta, infatti, lo scopo principale della riabilitazione neuromotoria. Ad oggi la fisioterapia convenzionale porta a risultati soddisfacenti ma e' lunga e costosa. Circa la meta' dei pazienti che ha avuto un primo ictus ha una mobilita' possibile con la carrozzina dopo tre mesi di neuroriabilitazione. Vi e' pertanto la necessita' da un lato di migliorare l'efficacia della riabilitazione motoria e dall'altro di ridurne i costi. Nell'ultimo ventennio la neuroriabilitazione ha beneficiato di nuovi principi emersi da studi di neuroscienze, con tecniche di imaging funzionale, che hanno permesso di comprendere meglio la neuroplasticita' dell'encefalo a seguito di una lesione cerebrale. E' stato cosi sottolineato come l'intensitaa', la precocita' e la compito-specificita' dell'esercizio siano fondamentale per incrementare ed indirizzare positivamente il recupero dipendente dalla neuroplasticita' . In questo senso i Robot per la riabilitazione nascono per aiutare i fisioterapisti a somministrare un training precoce ed intensivo in pazienti subacuti non deambulanti autonomamente. La rieducazione della deambulazione assistita da Robot in aggiunta alle tecniche convenzionali ha dimostrato di aumentare le possibilita' di un ritorno alla deambulazione autonoma ma con risultati variabili da paziente a paziente. Dal momento che la tipologia di trattamento e' impegnativa e costosa e' indispensabile identificare la tipologia di paziente che ne possa beneficiare per ottimizzare le risorse economiche messe a disposizione dal walfare. Ad oggi non vi sono in letteratura studi sui fattori determinanti il recupero della deambulazione con terapia robotica per la deambulazione. Scopo della presente tesi e' quello di identificare i fattori determinanti il ritorno ad una deambulazione autonoma in pazienti con postumi di subacuto e trattati con terapia robotica. Nel primo capitolo vengono descritte le caratteristiche dell'ictus e le conseguenze. Il secondo capitolo analizza la deambulazione nel soggetto sano ed in quello affetto da ictus mentre nel terzo capitolo vengono revisionate le nuove metodiche riabilitative con un particolare focus su quelle tecnologiche e robotiche. Vengono messi in luce i principi di neuroscienze che ne sono alla base ed analizzati criticamente con indicazioni per il futuro. In particolare si evidenzia come sia necessario un coinvolgimento delle strutture superiori encefaliche seguendo un approccio di tipo top-down per meglio indirizzare e facilitare i processi di recupero neuroplasticita' dipendenti. Si chiarisce inoltre il concetto di terapia robotica come strumento nelle mani del terapista e non come riabilitativa di per se. Nel quarto capitolo si descrive il protocollo di ricerca per l'identificazione dei fattori determinanti il recupero della deambulazione dopo terapia robotica con la discussione, la contestualizzazione dei risultati in base alle conoscenze scientifiche disponibili e le conclusioni. Nello studio di tipo randomizzato e controllato, in singolo cieco sono stati arruolati 100 pazienti con ictus subacuto non deambulanti. Lo studio e' stato condotto seguendo le linee guida CONSORT sulla conduzione dei trial di efficacia non farmacologici. Il gruppo di trattamento ha eseguito 20 sedute di terapie 5 volte a settimane per 4 settimane di terapia robotica in aggiunta alla terapia standard mentre il gruppo di controllo ha effettuato 20 sedute di terapia della deambulazione con tecniche convenzionali in aggiunta alla terapia standard. La quantita' di minuti di terapia era la stessa nei due gruppi. I risultati hanno evidenziato come i pazienti sottoposti alla terapia robotica avevano 6,5 volte in piu' la possibilita' di ritornare ad una deambulazione autonoma. I fattori che influenzavano il recupero sono: il BI in ingresso (OR=8.428, p=0.001); il tipo di terapia, con il gruppo robotico che ha mostrato una probabilita' di recupero sei volte maggiore rispetto all'altro gruppo (OR=6.541, p=0.001); il tempo intercorso tra l'evento acuto, l'inizio della riabilitazione (OR=3.768, p=0.018) e il controllo del tronco (OR=3.018, p=0.040). La stessa regressione e' stata poi effettuata sul singolo gruppo di pazienti che hanno effettuato terapia robotica. L'unico fattore che rimane predittivo in questo caso e' il controllo del tronco (TCT-score all'ingresso) con una probabilita' di recupero quasi 7 volte maggiore in chi e' in grado di controllare il tronco (OR=6.9, CI95%=1.783-26.706, p=0.005). I fattori non significativi sull'intero campione restano non significativi nel solo gruppo di terapia robotica (eta' : p=0.676, lato affetto: p=0.426, tipo di ictus: p=0.620, sesso: p=0.466). Quindi fattori di vulnerabilita' per la terapia convenzionale come eta' , sesso, lato affetto e tipo di ictus non lo sono per la terapia robotica. In conclusione la terapia robotica e' efficace nei pazienti con ictus in fase subacuta anche in pazienti piu' severi. Il controllo del tronco si e' dimostrato predittivo di recupero della deambulazione autonoma. L'identificazione dei fattori di efficacia della terapia robotica e' in linea con la medicina personalizzata, che da qualche anno affianca il principio della medicina basata sulle evidenze.
Colàs, Campàs Laura. "Empremta molecular del fenomen clínic de tolerància isquèmica induït per isquèmia cerebral transitòria." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668927.
Повний текст джерелаLos ataques isquémicos transitorios (AITs) constituyen la expresión clínica de la isquemia cerebral transitoria y, frecuentemente, preceden al infarto cerebral. Aunque los AITs están asociados a un elevado riesgo de sufrir un ictus isquémico posterior, contribuyen al desarrollo del fenómeno de la tolerancia isquémica (TI), que conduce a una respuesta genómica y proteómica con efectos importantes sobre los sistemas homeostático, inflamatorio y endotelial. El estudio de biomarcadores relacionados con este fenómeno está adquiriendo una gran importancia con la idea de conocer mejor los cambios fisiopatológicos de esta protección. El objetivo general de la tesi ha estado la confirmación de la existencia del fenómeno de TI inducido por el hecho de sufrir un AIT previo al infarto cerebral en una cohorte de pacientes consecutivos (registro ESTOICA, n=541) y de su traducción en cambios en los niveles de expresión de biomarcadores circulantes. Se analizaron las diferencias clínicas, radiológicas y pronosticas entre los pacientes con un AIT previo reciente (n=40 [7,4%]) al ictus isquémico y los que no lo habían sufrido con anterioridad. También se estudiaron las diferencias de expresión de proteínas, metabolitos y miRNAs circulantes entre los dos grupos. Los pacientes con un AIT previo reciente presentaron un perfil etiológico diferente, con un predominio de los subtipos ateromatoso y lacunar, y una mejor evolución clínica y radiológica que se traduce en un posible fenómeno de TI. A parte, hemos identificado cambios en la expresión proteica, metabólica y de miRNAs circulantes, echo que revela la implicación de diferentes vías y actores en este fenómeno y que pueden constituir nuevas dianas para el desarrollo de terapias de neuroprotección.
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) constitute the clinical expression of transient cerebral ischemia and frequently precede cerebral infarction. Although TIAs are associated with a high risk of subsequent ischemic stroke, they also contribute to the development of ischemic tolerance (IT) phenomenon, leading to a genomic and proteomic response with important effects on the homeostatic, inflammatory and endothelial systems. The study of IT biomarkers is an emerging field with the goal of improving the knowledge on the physiopathological changes that occur during IT. The main objective of the present thesis was the confirmation of the existence of the IT phenomenon induced by a previous TIA to ischemic stroke in a cohort of consicutive patients (ESTOICA register, n = 541) and its translation in changes in the expression levels of circulating biomarkers. Clinical, radiological and prognostic differences were analyzed between patients with a prior TIA (n = 40 [7.4%]) to ischemic stroke and those who had not suffered it. Differences were also studied in the expression levels of proteins, metabolites and circulating miRNAs between these two groups. Patients with a previous TIA had a different etiologic profile, with a predominance of atheromatous and lacunar subtypes, and a better clinical and radiological evolution that translates into a possible IT phenomenon. In addition, we have identified changes in protein, metabolic and circulating miRNAs, which reveals the involvement of different pathways and actors in this phenomenon and which could provide new targets for the development of neuroprotection therapies.
Medina, Rincón Almudena. "Evaluación del efecto de un programa de ejercicios centrado en los sistemas de equilibrio en pacientes en fase subaguda del ictus." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667109.
Повний текст джерелаStroke is one of the major causes of disability in developed countries. Postural control impairments are frequent in post-stroke patients, leading to difficulties to maintain standing posture, mainly due to asymmetrical postures, balance and / or weight-shift impairments. Balance disability is one of the most common post-stroke deficits, and it has been related to a higher falls risk which lead to negative impact on autonomy. Previous studies have evaluated different physiotherapy approaches to treat balance impairments (i.e. Bobath approach, the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique, the gait training with auditory feedback, strength training, exercises on unstable surfaces, visual feedback and task-oriented training). However, none of them performed an comprehensive approach of all the balance components (i.e. biomechanical restrictions, stability limits, postural responses, anticipatory postural adjustments and sensory orientation). Aims: 1) To validate, through expert consensus, an exercise program which is based on a comprehensive approach of balance impairments in post-stroke patients. 2) To evaluate if compared to the conventional physiotherapy rehabilitation treatment, this program reduce the time to acquire standing balance and the relearning of gait, improves independence for activities of daily living (ADL) and decreases the risk of falls in post-stroke patients. Material and Methods: The validation of the exercise program was carried out using the Delphi method. Eleven neurorehabilitation experts were invited to synthesize their perspectives and reach an agreement about the exercise program to treat balance impairments in post-stroke patients. For this purpose, an online questionnaire was developed, through which the adequacy of 9 exercises of progressive difficulty and stratified in two blocks was specifically evaluated. According to the literature, we defined as “consensus reached” when the convergence between quartile 1, median, quartile 3 and the relative interquartile range was <15%. A randomized control trial was designed and performed to assess the effect to the proposed exercise program. We randomized a total sample of 65 post-stroke subjects aged 18 years and older, who were admitted for functional recovery to an intermediate care hospital. The control group (n = 32), received the usual physiotherapy treatment (60 min/session, 5 times/ week, for 4 weeks) and the experimental group (n = 33) the exercise program proposed (15 min./session of the comprehensive approach of balance impairments training and 45 min./session of usual treatment, 5 times/week, for 4 weeks). The outcomes were: balance and gait (Mini BESTest), risk of falls (Berg Balance Scale, BBS) and independence for ADL (Barthel Index). All the outcomes were assess at admission, 15 and 30 days. To assess differences between both groups and according to the distribution of the variables, the t-student or Mann-Whitney U test were used as appropriated. We also performed a general linear model of repeated measures with two factors, to evaluate possible differences among group trajectories. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS V.23 software. Threshold for statistical significance was considered with a = 5%. Results: The experts reached a consensus on the suitability of the proposed program after two rounds. The participation was 100% and 90% for the first and the second round respectively. During the first round, the experts were agree or completely agree in 7 of 9 questions. Disagreements were resolved in the second round, with a 100% agreement. Regarding the clinical trial, the mean age of the total sample was 77,71 (SD 9,01) years, females 49,27% . No differences on sociodemographic or clinical characteristics between the groups were found. After treatment, the improvements in all outcome measures were statistically significant: Mini BESTest (balance and gait) (control group score was 10,69 SD 7,73 vs 17,09 SD 7,95 in the experimental group), the BBS (balance and falls risk) (control group score was 28,03 SD 14,89 vs 38,55 SD 14,80 in the experimental group) and Barthel Index (autonomy) (control group score was 64.53 SD 23,05 vs 73,64 SD 17,87 experimental group). Moreover, in comparation with participants included in the control group, the experimental group acquired standing balance and relearned gait in less time. Conclusions: The exercise program to treat balance impairments in post-stroke patients, based on a comprehensive approach, was validated by the neurorehabilitation experts. In our study, the proposed exercise program reduced the recovery time of standing balance and the relearning of gait. It also, reduce the falls risk and improve independence for ADL in post-stroke patients. If our results are confirmed in future studies, the exercise program that we propose could help to optimize the rehabilitation process of post-stroke patients with balance impairments.
L'accident cerebrovascular és la primera causa de discapacitat en països desenvolupats. Els supervivents a un ictus habitualment presenten dificultats en el control postural, que condiciona alteracions en la bipedestació principalment a causa d'una postura asimètrica, alteracions de l'equilibri i / o en la transferència del pes. Les alteracions de l'equilibri són un dels dèficits físic-motors més comuns i incapacitants després d'un accident cerebrovascular, ja que es relacionen amb un augment del risc de caigudes i per tant un impacte negatiu en l'autonomia. Des del punt de vista terapèutic, estudis previs han avaluat l'efectivitat de diversos abordatges en fisioteràpia per al tractament d'aquestes alteracions, entre ells per exemple: l'enfocament de Bobath, la tècnica de facilitació neuromuscular propioceptiva (PNF), l'entrenament de retroalimentació auditiva, l'exercici d'enfortiment, els exercicis sobre superfícies inestables, l'entrenament de retroalimentació visual i l'entrenament orientat a la tasca. No obstant això, cap d'ells aborda de forma integral tots els subsistemes que influeixen en l'equilibri (restriccions biomecàniques, límits de la estabilitat, respostes posturals, ajustaments posturals anticipatoris i orientació sensorial). Objectiu: 1) Validar a través de consens d'experts un programa d'exercicis, que aborda de forma integral les alteracions de l'equilibri en pacients que es troben en fase subaguda d'un ictus. 2) Avaluar si en comparació amb el tractament rehabilitador convencional de fisioteràpia, aquest programa disminueix el temps a adquirir l'equilibri en bipedestació i el reaprenentatge del patró de la marxa, millora l'autonomia i disminueix el risc de caigudes en pacients en fase subaguda d'un ictus. Material i Mètodes: La validació del programa d'exercicis es va dur a terme mitjançant el mètode Delphi, a través del qual 11 experts en neurorehabilitació havien de sintetitzar les seves perspectives i arribar a un acord sobre el programa d'exercicis per al tractament alteracions de l'equilibri en la fase subaguda d'un ictus. Per a això es va emprar un qüestionari on-line en el qual es va preguntar de forma específica l'adequació de 9 exercicis de dificultat progresica i estratificats en dos blocs. Es va definir que el consens s'havia aconseguit quan la convergència entre el quartil 1, la mediana i el quartil 3 i el rang interquartílic relatiu fos <15%. Per a l'avaluació del programa d'exercicis proposat, es va dur a terme un assaig clínic aleatoritzat amb 71 subjectes, majors de 18 anys, en fase subaguda de l'ictus i admesos per a recuperació funcional en un hospital d'atenció intermèdia. El grup control (n = 32), va rebre el tractament de fisioteràpia habitual (60 min./sessió, 5 vegades/setmana, durant 4 setmanes) i el grup experimental (n = 33) el programa d'exercicis centrat en els sistemes d'equilibri ( 15 min./sessió del programa proposat més 45 min / sessió del tractament habitual, 5 vegades/setmana, durant 4 setmanes). Les variables resultats triades van ser: l'equilibri i la marxa (Mini bestest), el risc de caigudes (Berg Balanç Scale, BBS) i l'autonomia (Índex de Barthel); totes elles valorades a l'ingrés, 15 i 30 dies. D'acord a la distribució de les variables, les comparacions entre els dos grups de tractament es va realitzar mitjançant el test t-student o U de Mann-Whitney. Posteriorment, mitjançant un model lineal general de mesures repetides amb dos factors, es van analitzar les possibles diferències d'evolució entre els dos grups. Les anàlisis estadístiques es realizón amb el programa SPSS V.23 i tenint en compte un nivell de significació de = 5%. Resultats: Els experts van arribar a un consens sobre la idoneïtat del programa proposat després de dues rondes. La participació va ser del 100% a la primera ronda i del 90% a la segona ronda. A la primera ronda, els experts van respondre que estaven d'acord o completament d'acord en totes les preguntes excepte en dos, desacord que es va resoldre en la segona ronda, on el consens va ser del 100%. Pel que fa a l'assaig clínic, la mitjana d'edat del total de la mostra va ser de 77,71 (DE 9,01) anys, sent el 49,27% dones. Pel que fa a les variables sociodemogràfiques i clíniques, no es van observar diferències entre els dos grups a l'inici de l'estudi. Després del tractament rehabilitador dels pacients del grup experimental van obtenir millores estadísticament significatives en totes les variables resultat: Al Mini BESTest (equilibri i marxa) (grup control 10,69 DE 7,73 vs 17,09 DE 7,95 grup experimental) així com per a la BBS (equilibri i risc de caigudes) (grup control 28,03 dE 14,89 vs 38,55 dE 14,80 grup experimental) i per al I.Barthel (autonomia) (grup control 64,53 DE 23,05 vs 73,64 DE 17,87 grup experimental). Així mateix, els pacients del grup experimental van trigar menys temps a adquirir l'equilibri en bipedestació i la marxa.Conclusió: El programa d'exercicis centrat en sistemes d'equilibri, proposat en el present estudi per a pacients en fase subaguda d'un ictus, validat per experts en neurorehabilitació va disminuir el temps de recuperació de l'equilibri en bipedestació, així com el temps de reaprenentatge de la marxa i el risc de caigudes, millorant a més l'autonomia en pacients. De confirmar-se els nostres resultats en futurs estudis, el programa d'exercicis que proposem podria ajudar a optimitzar el procés rehabilitador de les persones amb alteracions de l'equilibri després d'un ictus.
Barreto-Acevedo, Elliot. "Ictus isquémico y síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño. ¿cual es la evidencia de la relación?" Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622526.
Повний текст джерелаObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a respiratory sleep disorder, whose prevalence is increasing worldwide and the importance of its diagnosis lies in the association with cardiac and cerebral vascular events, metabolic disorders, impairment of some mental functions, work accidents, traffic accidents and increased mortality. In the last 20 years, important evidence has been obtained of the relationship between OSAS and one of the main cardiovascular risk factors, arterial hypertension; which at the same time is an etiological factor of ischemic stroke. Subsequently, evidence of the association between OSAS and ischemic stroke has been increasing. We have reviewed the best evidence to establish the relationship between the two pathologies, the proposed pathophysiological mechanisms and the evidence to support whether the treatment of OSAS has any impact on the occurrence of ischemic stroke and on modify the clinical evolution after stroke
Masaguer, Frédéric. "L'ictus hémiplégique chez le sujet très âgé." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON11054.
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