Дисертації з теми "Immunité humorale et cellulaire"
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Rembert, Audrey. "Les vaccins antivarioliques : pathogénicité-innocuité, immunogénicité humorale et cellulaire, protection." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20707.
Smallpox, eradicated in 1980, was one of the most dreaded infectious diseases. The threat of re-emerging variola virus induced the evaluation of new smallpox vaccines. The aim of our study was to determine immune factors induced in natural protection against orthopoxviruses and to assess new smallpox vaccines. The characterisation of the mice/cowpoxvirus rodent-like model had put in evidence the important role of all the component of the specific immune system in natural protection of mice. A second generation vaccine (2G) and tree non replicative vaccinia virus strains (3G) was evaluated in our model. The 2G smallpox vaccine showed similar vaccine efficacy than the traditional vaccine. Among the different 3G vaccines assessed, the MVA strain was the only vaccine candidate inducing a similar long-term protection than the traditional vaccine but only after a vaccine boost. However, the long-term induced MVA immunogenicity was inferior to this induced by the traditional smallpox vaccine
Wendling, Daniel. "Aspects immunologiques et systemiques des spondylarthropathies." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3703.
Reidel, Ivana. "Análisis de nuevos vehículos y adyuvantes para inmunización con antígenos de Staphylococcus aureus utilizando diferentes modelos experimentales." Thesis, Poitiers, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020POIT1803.
Staphylococcus aureus infections represent a major concern for human health and veterinary medicine. The excessive use of antibiotics to treat these infections has led to emergent multi-resistant strains of bacteria and encourages us to develop alternative methods for prevention such as vaccination. To date, there are no vaccines approved for use in humans and only two vaccines are used in the control of bovine mastitis, with a low efficacy. Therefore, new tools are needed to prevent infections caused by S. aureus.The objective of this thesis work is test new vaccine liposomal formulations composed of antigen from S.aureus and different immunostimulating agents including oligodesoxynucleotides (ODN)-CpG, aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3), gemini-type proteolipids (AG2-C16) or modified oligosaccharides (Mannan-derived molecules, OPM). The adjuvant capacities of these molecules have been tested in different animal models. In the bovine model, immunizations of calves, heifers and pregnant cows show the efficacy of liposomal formulations composed of S. aureus antigens associated with ODN-CpG, eliciting a strong humoral immune response by the production of specific IgG1 and IgG2 antibodies, able to inhibit S. aureus toxins. In the murine model, intradermal injection of vaccine formulations revealed the efficacy of the adjuvants ODN-CpG, AG2-C16 and OPM in the induction of a robust humoral response (production of specific antibodies) and the development of a cellular response involving IFN-γ-secreting T CD8+ lymphocytes which play a crucial role in the defense against intracellular bacteria. Finally, in order to study the potential of liposomal vaccines to penetrate the skin, considered as an immunization site of interest, in vitro experiments realized on reconstituted mouse epidermis have shown that the proteolipid adjuvant AG2-C16 associated with liposomes promotes their transcutaneous migration, allowing their use for topical administration. Other experiments were carried out on mouse keratinocyte and fibroblast cultures demonstrating the capacity of the oligosaccharide adjuvant OPM to stimulate fibroblast to produce proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, leading to the development of a stronger immune response toward the vaccine.Together, the results presented in this thesis demonstrate that cationic liposomes constitute a versatile vectorization system, which allows the selection of the proper immunostimulants, depending on the needed immune response characteristics
Meissonnier, Guylaine. "Effets toxiques de l'aflatoxine b1 et de la toxine t-2 sur les systèmes de défenses métaboliques et immunitaires chez le porc, évaluation des effets protecteurs de glucomannanes." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOU30153.
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and T-2 toxin are mycotoxins, secondary metabolites from fungi that sporadically contaminate food and feed, particularly cereals. The mains objectives of our work were to determine in pigs, a target species and highly sensitive to mycotoxin, the toxic effects of AFB1 and T-2 toxin on two defence systems, liver drug-metabolizing enzymes activities et the immune system. We also evaluate in vivo the protective effect of a potent mycotoxin binder. In pigs, AFB1 exposure for the doses investigated did not induce major clinical sign of intoxication. But, we observed lesions in liver tissue, a specific impairment of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes activities (monooxygenase cytochrome P450 dependant) and during immunization we showed a reduced cellular-mediated immune response specific for the vaccine antigen. T-2 toxin exposure did not induce any clinical sign of intoxication, or any tissue lesion in pigs. We observed a specific impairment of liver drug-metabolizing enzymes activities in liver, and during immunization T-2 toxin reduced the production of antibodies specific for the antigen. The addition of glucomannans in feed reduced the toxic effects of both mycotoxins. .
Gougerot-Pocidalo, Marie-Anne. "Processus oxydants et reponses immunitaires : mecanismes biochimiques et cellulaires." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077063.
Freyburger, Ludovic. "Etude de la réponse immunitaire cellulaire systémique et humorale muqueuse suite à la vaccination par la sous-unité B de la toxine de Shigella Dysenteriae comme vecteur d'antigène." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05T028.
The Shiga toxin subunit B (STxB) is a vaccinal vector targeting dendritic cells. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells responses as well as antibody production were observed after vaccination of mice with chimeric proteins composed of STxB coupled with different antigens. STxB doesn't favour maturation of dendritic cells, thus we assessed the STxB efficiency as vector in combination with different adjuvants. STxB coupled with different antigens and mixed with aGalCer, a glycolipide activating NKT cells, resulted in an increase CD8+ T cells frequency and it also allowed the dramaticaly reduction of antigen doses. This vaccine also permitted to break tolerance to self-antigens and to protect against the development of viral infection. In addition, we have showed that the route of immunization had an influence on the type of immune response (mucosal humoral response jind cellular^ systemic response) observed after the use of STxB
Rammal, Hassan. "L'anxiété trait et son lien avec l'expression des sous-unités des récepteurs (GABAA, 5-HT1A, µ-opioïdes et x1-adrénérgiques) et des marqueurs du stress oxydatif au niveau du SNC (neurones et cellules gliales) et au niveau périphérique (immunité cellulaire et humorale) : évaluation des effets de substances naturelles à potentiel cytoprotecteur." Thesis, Metz, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008METZ018S/document.
In this study, genes expression from four central receptors (GABAA, 5-HT1A, m-opioïdes and a1-adrenergic) involved in the modulation of anxiety was assessed. The impact of anxiety on the cellular and humoral immunity and on the oxidative status at the SNC (neurons and glial cells) and peripheral (lymphocytes, granulocytes and monocytes) level was highlighted. At the same time, the effect of anxiety coupled with an anxiogenic restraint stress, on the cellular and humoral immunity was also evaluated. Indeed, the high level of anxiety induced firstly, a significant depressive effect on cellular (total lymphocytes, TCD4+ and TCD8+) and humoral (IgA and IgE) immunity, and secondly, a significant increase of the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) of neurons and glial cells in the cerebral cortex, the cerebellum and the hippocampus and in the peripheral blood granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes. In the same way, the anxiety coupled to acute and chronic restraint stress provoked, a depression of some parameters of cellular (total lymphocytes, TCD4+, TCD8+ and NK) and humoral (IgA, E and G) immunity, and a stimulation of others (granulocytes and monocytes). These works thus made it possible to validate scientifically the anxiogenic character of the model of restraint stress, to establish in a valid and reproducible way the bond and the correlation between the high level of anxiety in animals and their oxidative status inductive of a cytotoxicity as well as the role of the expression of coding genes of 4 receptors in the expression of this high anxiety and of a significant oxidative status at the level of the peripheral cells of the immune system and the neurons and glial cells at the central level
Schmitt, Christian. "Etude de clones de lymphocytes t humains specifiques de l'anatoxine tetanique." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA077003.
Buob, David. "Dysfonction du transplant rénal et immunité humorale : aspects anatomo-pathologiques et approche immunoprotéomique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S042.
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Piriou-Guzylack, Laurence. "Contribution à l'étude des réponses immunitaires cellulaires du porc, par de nouveaux outils méthologiques, dans un modèle d'infection par le virus de la peste porcine classique." Rennes 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002REN10028.
Chimma, Pattamawan. "Les Monocytes comme lien entre immunité innée et immunité acquise dans le paludisme à Plasmodium falciparum." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077085.
Our knowledge of the human blood monocyte (MO), one of the major actors of innate immunity, is still uncomplete, whereas numerous fonctional potentialities and a remarquable plasticity of this cell are associated with a crucial involvement in immune défense against pathogens including malaria. The study of 76 patients presenting with acute uncomplicated malaria showed that activation markers including (HLA-DR, IFN-y, TREM-1) were expressed on circulating CD14+CD16+CD33+ MOs. Co-expression of CCR2 and CX3CR1 on CD14high MOs was associated with the capacity to inhibit parasite growth via an Antibody Dependent Cell Inhibition assay (ADCI). Patients could be defined as belonging to 2 groups differing by parasitaemia at admission. In addition, half of blood MOs expressed CD56, a marker usually found on a minority of MOs from healthy individuals. In healthy malaria-exposed individuals, high percentages of HLA-DR+ mIFN-Y+CD56lowCD33+ MOs were also found on CD14+CD16- cells and these cells displayed a strong phagocytosis activity of infected red blood cells. 10 volunteers experimentally infected by P. Falciparum parasites through successive Anopheles mosquito bites were protected after 3 rounds of infectious bites followed by rapid chloroquine treatment. Increased percentages of CCR2+CX3CR1 + MOs was exclusively detectable in protected volunteers. This resuit was reminiscent of that found in patients with low parasitaemia and high percentages of CCR2+CX3CR1+ MOs and illustrates the contribution of human blood MOs in response to P. Falciparum infection
Ismaïli, Lhassane. "Synthèse et approche immunopharmacologique de dérivés de la 1,2-dihydroquinoléine-2-one." Université de Franche-Comté. Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BESA3003.
Poitou, Miguet Isabelle. "Reponses immunitaires cellulaire et humorale chez le rat infeste experimentalement par fasciola hepatica linnaeus, 1758." Orléans, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992ORLE2034.
Blaize, Gaëtan. "Analyses moléculaire, cellulaire et fonctionnelle des protéines de signalisation CD5 et Themis1 dans les lymphocytes T." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30124.
T-cells play a key role in immune responses. Each T-cell expresses a unique TCR (T-cell receptor) which specifically recognises a microbial-derived antigen presented by MHC molecules (major histocompatibility complex) on the surfaces of host cells. This interaction leads to the activation of T-cells via highly regulated intracellular signalling pathways using numerous membrane-bound and cytoplasmic proteins. These complex signals are responsible for the development of a customised immune response specifically directed against the invading pathogen. This thesis examines the role of two proteins involved in TCR signalling, CD5 and Themis1. CD5 proteins are TCR-associated co-receptors which exhibit inhibitory activity on TCR signalling. They modulate the variability of the TCR repertoire by finely regulating positive and negative selection in the thymus. However, their role in peripheral T-cells and the underlying molecular mechanisms by which they act is poorly understood. To answer this question, the CD5 interactome in peripheral T-cells was determined by mass spectrometry. Analysis of the interactome shows that, upon TCR engagement, CD5 recruits several proteins in a molecular complex referred to hereafter as "CD5 signalosome", namely: c-Cbl, Sts-2, SHIP, CIN85, CrkL and Pi3K. The same interactome analysis in c-Cbl deficient T-cells proves that c-Cbl acts as an adaptor necessary for the interaction between CD5 and the other proteins of the CD5 signalosome. These data have also demonstrated the necessity of a specific tyrosine for signalosome recruitment, located in position 429 within the intracytoplasmic domain of CD5. Analysis of TCR signalling in T-cells harbouring an invalidating Tyr429 mutation reveals that the CD5 signalosome downregulates phosphorylation of key proteins such as ZAP-70, ERK1/2 and SLP-76 and decreases T-cell auto-amplification upon stimulation. In parallel, CD5 also inhibits activity of Foxo1 protein by facilitating Akt recruitment, thereby reducing regulatory T-cell (Treg) generation in secondary lymphoid organs. Altogether, our data suggest that the CD5 co-receptor could promote a specifically adapted immune response against exogenous antigens by limitation of Treg differentiation. In 2009, our team identified a previously unknown signalling protein called Themis1 (THymocyte-Express Molecule Important for Selection) that is essential for T-cell development. The role of Themis1 has been extensively studied in thymocytes and recent data show that Themis enhances TCR signalling by selective inhibition of SHP-1 and SPH-2 phosphatases in these cells. However, its role in peripheral T-cells remains elusive. To study the post-thymic role of Themis1, we generated a new mouse model selectively deficient for Themis1 in peripheral T-cells but not in thymocytes. My in vitro analyses show that Themis1 enhances the TCR signalling threshold necessary to activate T-cells and selectively represses IFNƴ production in Th1 polarised T-cells. In vivo, Themis1 expression increases susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE, multiple Sclerosis mouse model). Surprisingly, preliminary results obtained in the same mouse model also suggest that Themis1 enhances differentiation of encephalitogenic T-cells producing IFNƴ and GM-CSF. We therefore hypothesise that Themis1 could act in vivo by repressing the activity of co-inhibitory receptors such as PD-1 or CTLA-4 by recruiting SH2 domain-containing phosphatases
Ritvo, Paul-Gydéon. "Au coeur du contrôle de l’immunité humorale : (re)définition, mode d’action et répertoire des lymphocytes T folliculaires régulateurs." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB025/document.
The immune humoral response offers the organism an efficient protection through the production of antibodies following an immune stimulation. Follicular regulatory T cell (Tfr) is an essential subset in the control of humoral immunity. These cells share with conventional regulatory T (Treg) cells regulatory functions and should play a major role in the control of antibody production following stimulation. As T follicular helper (Tfh) cells help is essential in the differentiation of B cell into antibody-producing plasma cells, one of the possible mechanisms of Tfr’s control could be the limitation of the Tfh cells’ help to the B cells. As a consequence of the non-response of Tfr cells to interleukin (IL)-2, we thoroughly revealed the CD25- phenotype of Tfr cells thus redefining the subset. This stringently-selected population allowed a fine-tuned characterization of Tfr cells and the discovery of an IL-1β axis regulating the germinal center responses. The dual regulation of T cells in secondary lymphoid organs, one between Treg and Teff cells regulated by IL-2 outside germinal centers and the other between Tfh and Tfr cells regulated by IL-1 inside GCs brought us to question the origin and specificity of Tfr cells. We partially answered this with a high-resolution analysis of these populations’ repertoires. We highlighted a similarity in the distributions and global characteristics of the follicular cells’ repertoires regardless their regulatory (Tfr) or not (Tfh) phenotype. We also brought out the major sharing between Treg and Tfr repertoires underpinning the hypothesis of a common origin for these populations. This work has disclosed important aspects of Tfr cells’ biology, a fundamental subset in the control of humoral immune responses. It opens many perspectives including the control of antibody production, negatively in the context of autoimmune diseases or its positive exploitation to enhance vaccine efficacy
Luo, Lingjie. "Etude in vivo et in vitro du rôle biologique des interactions de CXCL 12 et CXCL 13 avec les protéoglycanes." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC267.
To fulfill their core functions, chemokines activate receptors coupled to heterotrimeric g proteins expressed on the surface of leukocytes. Beyond this fundamental interaction with their receptors, chemokines also bind non-covalently to the glycan moieties (glycosaminoglycans, gags) of proteoglycans. Gags dependent tissue immobilization and formation of chemokine gradients that govern chemotaxis and haptotactic mechanisms largely relies in the affinity of gag/chemokine interactions. The integrity of these mechanisms might be essential for chemokines to fully perform their biological functions in homeostasis as well as in pathophysiological situations. My phd studies pursue a pioneer research initiated by my host laboratory. It focuses on the study of the role played in vivo by the interactions of the chemokines CXCL12, the only essential chemokine, and CXCL13 in the regulation of immune responses, and in particular, of the anamnestic b cell response wherein CXCL13 and CXCL12 positively cooperate to maintain the homeostasis of humoral immunity. Specific objectives of this work are: i) to study the structure and function of secondary lymphoid organs, and in particular of germinal centers (gc), in an animal model carrying a selective genetic invalidation of CXCL12/gags interactions; ii) to assess the capacity of CXCL13 to interact with gags and eventually to identify the molecular determinants accounting for and characterize the structure/function relationships of CXCL13/gags interactions. Our findingsshow that in the mutant animals CXCL12gagtm / gagtm there is a very high proportion of abnormally configured gcs, where dark zone (dz) and light zone (lz) compartment of the gc are not well defined. In mutant animals, large lz cells are commonly seen and express markers indicating mitotic activity. These cells might would correspond to centroblasts, that typically localizes in the dz compartment, ectopically settled in the lz as a consequence of the disruption of CXCL12 gradient. In mutant animals, a decrease is observed in the number of somatic mutations in gc- and post-gc-cell immunoglobulin genes, together with the reduction of high-affinity antibodies produced in response to the immunogen np. We conclude that the structural and functional abnormalities (cause and effect) derive from the absence of immobilization of CXCL12 in the dz compartment where this chemokines has been shown to accumulate preferentially in the gc structure. Mutant animals show aberrant migration and localization of dz cells which causes a dysfunction of both the production and selection of b cells expressing high affinity antibodies. The abolition of the interaction of CXCL12 with gags in the gc causes a Suboptimal humoral immune response in CXCL12gagtm/gagtmanimals. We have systematically performed a murine CXCL13 mutagenesis and first identified mutants that retained an intact expression in eukaryotic cells. Then we conducted functional analysis of each mutant together with an assessment of their interactions with immobilized gags either in vitro (surface plasmonic resonance) or in cellulo, using cells that differ genetically by their expression of gags. Our results show that two molecular determinants of CXCL13 positively cooperate to enable a selective, high-binding affinity of the chemokine to gags type heparan sulphates (hs). Furthermore, the mutant chemokines disabled of hs-binding capacity, exhibited a fully preserved, as compared to the wild type counterpart, cell-signaling functions via cxcr5. Structural analysis of the CXCL13 protein shows that mutations in the determinants involved in binding to hs do not affect the overall structure of the chemokine. Taken together, these results prove that the invalidation by mutagenesis of murine CXCL13 interactions with hs is compatible with the preservation of both expression and biological functions. This is a mandatory prerequisite for developing a genetically modified mouse, which would enable the study of the role played in vivo by the immobilization of CXCL13 on cell/tissue proteoglycans and makes conceivable the generation of viable animals encoding CXCL12 and CXCL13 genes. An animal model encompassing mutated CXCL12 and CXCL13 genes selectively disabled to complex with gags but expressing chemokines with intact agonist properties, would be an invaluable tool to perform an unbiased and complete study of the contribution of proteoglycan-anchoring to the biological roles of these important chemokines
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco. "Interactions entre paludisme et infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : aspects de la réponse immune cellulaire et humorale." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20145.
Makki, Rami. "Hématopoïèse et réponse immunitaire cellulaire chez Drosophila melanogaster." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/568/.
Drosophila possesses an innate immune system and the immune response is manifested in two main ways: the humoral and the cellular response. Hémocytes, the Drosophila "blood cells" are responsible of the cellular immune response. Haemocytes are formed during haematopoiesis that occurs in two separate phases: an embryonic and a larval one. The molecular mechanisms that control the embryonic haematopoiesis are well described in the literature, while the control of larval haematopoiesis remains largely unknown. During my PhD. I studied the molecular control of larval haematopoiesis. (1) I participated in the identification of a group of cells that plays the role of a haematopoietic "niche" controlling haemocytes differentiation. (2) I then studied the role of the JAK/STAT signalling pathway during larval haematopoiesis and I characterised a new type I cytokine receptor of Drosophila, called Latran. I showed that Latran is necessary for the cellular immune response to parasitisation and that it acts as a dominant negative to shut down the JAK/STAT signalling pathway. I have therefore identified a new type of regulation of this signalling pathway in vivo. (3) Eventually I initiated the study of the role of the Toll/NFkappaB signalling pathway in larval haematopoiesis by making and characterising a mutant of toll4, a gene coding for one of the Drosophila Toll receptors. But this mutant do not show any haematopoiesis defects. Further studies are consequently needed to describe the role of the Toll/NFkappaB pathway in larval haematopoiesis
Roussel, Eugène. "L'immunosuppression à médiation cellulaire chez les cancéreux : étude fonctionnelle et quantitative des sous-populations leucocytaires immunorégulatrices en relation avec la dénutrition chez des porteurs d'une néoplasie digestive." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33571.
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Gaugler, Béatrice. "Analyse de l'induction et de la régulation des réponses auxiliaires et cytolytiques des lymphocytes T." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX22078.
Bouanani, Majida. "Immunité et autoimmunité humorale dans le modèle de la thyroglobuline humaine : profils de spécificité épitopique des autoanticorps dans différentes situations physiopathologiques." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON13522.
Arnold, Johan. "Implication de la macroautophagie des lymphocytes dans la réponse humorale normale et pathologique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAJ022/document.
Macroautophagy, called autophagy, is a catabolic lysosomal process. Macroautophagy was recently shown to regulate the immune response especially by regulating lymphocyte biology. We demonstrated that autophagy is deregulated in T cells from lupus mouse models and patients suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus. We suggest that autophagy could regulate the survival of autoreactive lymphocytes during lupus. We then wanted to better understand the role of autophagy in normal and pathologic humoral responses. We have generated mouse models conditionally deficient for ATG5 in B cells. In accordance with previous studies, we show that autophagy is dispensable for B cell survival and activation under short-term B cell receptor (BCR) activation. We then investigated long-term immunity on a spontaneous model of autoimmunity. In autoimmune-prone mice deficient for autophagy in B cells, we demonstrate that autophagy is important to maintain high levels of anti-nuclear auto-antibodies, and high number of long-lived plasma cells in the bone marrow. With these same mouse models, we show that autophagy contributes to the polarization of internalized BCR after stimulation, together with the recruitment of lysosomes and MHCMII molecules-containing compartments. The polarization of B cells is particularly important for the acquisition of particulate antigens for B cells. We postulate that ATG5 and possibly the autophagic machinery could facilitate the formation of the immune synapse. We indeed demonstrate that presentation of immobilized antigens to T cells is compromised in the absence of ATG5 in B cells. Thus, modulating autophagy in lymphocytes, could limit at several levels the activation and/or survival of autoreactive lymphocytes during autoimmunity
Le, Moigne Vincent. "Étude de la réponse immunitaire anti-peptidique en fonction du contexte du peptide et du vecteur d'immunisation." Brest, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BRES2006.
Varions PAMPs (complete Freund's adjuvant, bacterial DNA and flagel in), bacterial patterns inducing innate immune response receptors, are used as vectors and as adjuvants for three antigens (a peptid from Clostridium tyrobutyricum flagellin, the P27 Mycobacterium tuberculosis and POMP91B Chlamydophyla abortus proteins). Cellular and humoral immune responses are analyzed in mice immunized with the différent formulations. Observed responses are specific of antigens used and of immunization modes practiced. Generally, responses present an adjuvant effect of recombinant flagellin fused with antigen on Thl cellular response. Cellular responses induced with this formulation are better than those obtained from genetic immunization. Otherwise, anti-P27 antibodies allowed to allocate a peripheral localization for this PPE M. Tuberculoses protein
Kotovskaya, Maria. "Identification et intérêt physiopathologique de nouveaux biomarqueurs dans les formes précoces et neurologiques de lupus érythémateux disséminé : Potentiel diagnostic et thérapeutique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13101.
One of the features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is the production of potentially pathogenic autoantibodies, directed against a wide variety of autoantigens, mainly nuclear. In our study, we focused on the production of autoantibodies in two different forms of SLE. First, we analyzed the humoral response of untreated lupus patients, i. E. In the very early phase of clinical development of the disease. We also studied the neurological forms of lupus - the most disabling ones - which can be life-threatening. We were also committed to identify the autoantigens recognized by the autoantibodies circulating in the serum of patients with neurological lupus. The strategy we have developed is very promising and could be used on other neurological and autoimmune diseases
Bascove, Matthieu. "Etude du système immunitaire d'un amphibien et analyse des effets de l'environnement sur sa réponse humorale." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NAN10129/document.
Durant ma thèse, j'ai participé à la caractérisation des isotypes de chaînes lourdes d'anticorps chez le pleurodèle (Pleurodeles waltl, amphibien urodèle) et à la mise en évidence d'un nouvel isotype d'anticorps : les IgP. J'ai également montré que chaque chaîne lourde a son équivalent humain. Les IgM du pleurodèle sont l'équivalent des IgM humaines. Les IgY sont exprimées principalement au niveau des muqueuses tout comme les IgA humaines. Enfin, les IgP sont observées majoritairement chez les larves et ont une diversité plus faible que les IgM. Ces deux caractéristiques sont partagées avec les anticorps produits par les cellules B1. Ces travaux m'ont ensuite permis d'aborder l'impact d'un séjour de longue durée dans l'espace sur la réponse immunitaire humorale, c'est-à-dire la réponse médiée par les anticorps qui, jusqu'à présent, a été très peu étudiée. L'équipe Développement et Immunogénétique, JE 2537, a immunisé des pleurodèles lors d'un séjour de 5 mois à bord de la station spatiale Mir et a montré que les chaînes lourdes d'IgM produites en réponse à la stimulation antigénique sont fabriquées à partir de gènes des familles VHII et VHVI. Cependant ces familles sont utilisées dans des proportions différentes chez les animaux immunisés dans Mir. Mes travaux ont permis d'approfondir ces résultats par une étude des gènes VHII et VHVI utilisés dans ces chaînes lourdes. J'ai ainsi montré qu'un seul gène VHII et quatre gènes VHVI (A, B, C et D) sont utilisés par les animaux immunisés. Les gènes VHII, VHVI.C et VHVI.D sont plus exprimés chez les animaux immunisés dans Mir alors que l'expression des gènes VHVI.A et VHVI.B est fortement diminuée chez ces mêmes animaux. Ces résultats démontrent clairement que le séjour dans Mir a affecté la réponse immunitaire humorale de ces animaux. Ces observations pourraient résulter d'un changement de la distribution et de sélection des lymphocytes B dans l'espace. Par ailleurs, j'ai décrit pour la première fois les effets d'un séjour dans l'espace sur les hypermutations somatiques. Avant d'étudier ce phénomène, j'ai isolé et caractérisé chez le pleurodèle l'ARNm codant l'effecteur indispensable pour ces mutations : la protéine AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase). J'ai ainsi montré que cette protéine est bien présente et conservée dans cette espèce. J'ai ensuite mis en évidence et caractérisé pour la première fois le phénomène des hypermutations somatiques chez le pleurodèle. Pour cela, j'ai étudié les profils des mutations observées, cartographié ces dernières et calculé leur fréquence. Ces différents critères ont été comparés entre les animaux immunisés sur Terre et les animaux immunisés à bord de la station Mir. Ainsi, j'ai pu montrer que la fréquence des hypermutations somatiques est diminuée chez les pleurodèles immunisés dans Mir. Cette diminution n'est pas due à un changement de la transcription d'AID mais pourrait être due à une diminution de la survie des lymphocytes B dans l'espace
Morin, Thierry. "Étude de l'évolution virologique et immunologique de l'infection par le virus de l'arthrite et de l'encéphalite caprine (CAEV) dans des modèles intra- et inter-spécifiques." Lyon 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002LYO10172.
Gohin, Isabelle. "Réponse immunitaire primaire dans la lymphe afférente et efférente d'ovins infectes expérimentalement par salmonella abortusovis." Tours, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOUR3802.
Gazagne, Agnès. "Optimisation d'un test Elispot pour la détection de lymphocytes T CD8 anti-CMV et développement d'une technique Fluorospot pour la caractérisation de lymphocytes produisant plusieurs cytokines." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066129.
Charpentier, Nathalie. "Les protéines Go de transduction, étude cellulaire et moléculaire." Montpellier 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON20196.
M'Beri, Maurice. "Dégranulation des coelomocytes au cours des réactions immunitaires d'un invertébré marin : Nereis diversicolor (Annélides polychète) : caractérisation des coelomocytes d'après leurs récepteurs membranaires, identification et rôle biologique des produits extrudés." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10053.
Perreau, Matthieu Claude. "Interactions entre les vecteurs viraux dérivés de l’adénovirus canin de type-2 et le système immunitaire de l’homme." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20026.
Bousta, Dalila. "Effets du stress expérimental sur les réponses comportementale, gastrique, immunitaire et endocrinienne : implications et interactions des récepteurs opioïdes et benzodiazépiniques dans les perturbations de l'immunité cellulaire chez la souris stressée." Metz, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2001/Bousta_Er_Raji.Dalila.SMZ0133.pdf.
The main objective of our study was to investigate the importance interval separating the immunization of the application of stress in disturbances on immune, behavioral and gastric functions of mice. Our results showed that the hormonal immunity was increased after the application of stress, however, the cellular immunity was considerably decreased in the stressed animals. The stress showed tendency to decrease the locomotor and explorator activity of animals in two used tests : lignht. Dark box test and the straicase test. The results also indicated that the stress significantly increased the gastric mucous lesions. In order to extend our research we have conducted a comparative and experimental study using two models of stress, social and physical stress. These experiments provide some examples of disturbances generated by these two models of stress. The two models were applied at short and long term on general behavior, cellular immunity and hormonal responses. Our results showed that the two types of stress have tendancy to decrease the number of TCD4 and to increase the circulating cells NK. On the othre hand, these disturbances didn't affect the number of T CD8 cells. Concerning the gastric response, our results showed that the inflammation of the gastric mucous is more important in animals exposed to the physical stress in comparison with the isolated animals. Concerning the behaviour, we noted that the explorer activity decreased after the application of the two stress models. The dosage of plasma catecholamines was determined using HPLC and the plasmatic corticosterone level was detected by RIA technique. We noted that the apllied physical stress considerably increased the rate of the corticosterone and also of one of the catecholamines (adrenaline and noradrenaline) compared with those animals exposed to the social stress. In our study we were also interested in investigating the role and the implication of opioïdergic and benzodiazepiniques systems on the different immunities disturbances generated by stress. Our results put more emphasis on the implication of opioids and benzodiazepines receptors on the immunosuppressor effect of the experimental stress in mice. In the second part of the work, we studied the pharmacological properties of the different plants and animal compounds such as Atropa Belladonna L. , Gelsemium sempervirens L. , Poumon histamine and Histaminium to induce behavioral, immune and gastric reponses. The results showed that A. Belladona L. Has a pharmacological profile of anxiolytic type to 9 CH, whereas G. Sempervirens L. Possesses immunoprotective and gastroprotective properties, particulary to doses 5 CH and 15 CH. These effects are probably associated with neurotropic, anxiolytic-like effects. P. Histamine resulted in a pharmacological active effect on immune system in all tested doses. These effects of P. Histamine are probably associated with its pharmacological properties on immune system with a secondary effect on neurotropic type. In the second step, we studied the pharmacological properties of G. Sempervirens L. , P. Histamine and Histaminium on stress induced alterations in TCD4, TCD8 and NK cells. The results showed that only 9 CH of all three products, reversed stress-induced response of NK cells
Adam, Olivier. "Analyse structurale et étude des propriétés adjuvantes de l'immunité d'un polysaccharide extrait de la souche Klebsiella pneumoniae I-714." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30287.
Gimenez, Marie Hélène. "Le système nerveux et l'immunité." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P236.
Boeglin, Emmanuelle. "Contrôle de la prolifération et de la différenciation des lymphocytes B murins par des signaux de l'immunité innée et de l'immunité adaptative." Strasbourg, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STRA6260.
Terminal differentiation of B cells requires two signals: a signal deriving from the recognition of the antigen by the specific B cell receptor (BCR) and a signal provided by the interaction between the CD40 molecule expressed on B cells and its ligand CD40L expressed by activated T cells. Nevertheless, it has been recently shown that a third signal deriving from the pathogen recognition by Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) could be important and even necessary for the development of a humoral immune response. Thus the role of TLRs, but also of two NLR (NOD-Like Receptor), alone or combined with a signal of adaptive immunity (CD40L + BCR) on the activation and differentiation of B cells have been investigated. We have demonstrated that all TLR agonists, with the exception of TLR3 and 9, induce proliferation, activation and differentiation of B cells. Moreover, the addition of a signal from adaptive immunity to TLR agonists can increase B cell activation and proliferation (TLR3, 4, 9), differentiation of these cells into antibody secreting cells (TLR1/2, 2/6, 4, 7), and the development of memory B cells. Furthermore, we showed that the Nod1 ligand does not induce B cell differentiation but its association with a CD40 signal can enhance it. Thus, we have shown that pathogens alone or combined with signals of adaptive immunity can trigger and control the B cell response. These different stimuli can induce the development of either plasma cells or memory B cells, this could be an important asset for the development of new vaccines
Quiniou, Debrie Marie-Christine. "Immunité anti-ilots chez des diabétiques insulino-dépendants de type 1." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066085.
Dagnelie, Marie-Ange. "Etude d'acquisition de connaissances sur l'acné nodulaire du dos : impact du microbiote cutané et de l’immunité innée dans la physiopathologie de l’acné sévère du dos." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1025/document.
Acne is a multifactorial inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 85% of the world's population between 11 to 30 years-old. Cutibacterium acnes is a bacterium that plays a major role in acne physiopathology. Recently, skin microbiota and innate immunity have begun to appear as two entities that may be involved in this skin inflammatory disease. Thus, this Thesis aimed to better understand the impact of skin microbiota and innate immunity in the physiopathology of severe back acne. The clinical study, filed with the Committee for the Protection of Persons (CPP) under the number 21-15, allowed the recruitment of 24 patients with severe back acne and 12 healthy volunteers, from whom several samples were peñormed (protocol nºRD.03.SPR.105704 and NºID-RCB 2015-A01139-40). The aim of this work was first to make a molecular characterization of C. acnes isolates from patients and healthy subjects. At the end of this first part, the important predominance of the IA1 (CC18/A1) phylotype in the context of severe back acne guided the study to a new question. Indeed, the Thesis then aimed to decipher how far the diversity of C. acnes phylotypes could impact on the activation level of innate immunity in the context of severe acne. The question was whether this loss of phylotype diversity observed in the context of severe acne was a cause or consequence of the disease. To answer this new question, an in vitro coculture system between bacteria and healthy human skin has been developed. The evaluation of the skin inflammatory response by immunohistochemistry and ELISA after different coculture conditions showed that the loss phylotype diversity was a possible cause of cutaneous inflammation observed in acne context. ln parallel with this work, a characterization of the activation level of the innate immunity of non lesiona! skin from severe acne patients comparing with healthy subjects was carried out, targeting the TGF-ß, TLR- 2, IL-1ß, IL-10, IL-17, and ß-defensin-2 markers. These markers study was also peñormed in two types of inflammatory lesions of acne (papule and nodule) in comparison to non lesiona! skin. At the end of this work, we were able to demonstrate an abnormal activation of the innate immune system, notably via the overexpression of TLR-2 and ß-defensin-2 in the skin of severe acne patients comparing with healthy individuals. This Thesis work paves the way for new paradigms to explain severe acne physiopathology, including the relative imbalance observed between C. acnes subgroups, which, together with TLR-2 and ß-defensin-2 overactivations, would explain the important cutaneous inflammation observed in this dermatosis and the appearance of inflammatory nodules. Besides, this work paves the way for the development of new therapeutic approaches, based on skin pre- and pro-biotics to restore a balanced microbial flora, and also for strategies based on the modulation of innate immunity in patients suffering from severe acne
Bousquet, Michel. "Etude immunopharmacologique de deux polysaccharides [Beta] 1-3, [Beta] 1-6 : le PSAT et le scleroglucane." Toulouse, INPT, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988INPT006G.
Bouzidi, Mohamed Salah. "Stress cellulaire et modulation de l'activité des cytidines désaminases APOBEC3." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066597/document.
APOBEC3 proteins (A3A-A3H) catalyse the deamination of cytosine (C) to thymidine (T) on single stranded DNA. This activity, called cytidine deaminase, has initially been described as a mechanism involved in restriction against retroviruses and DNA viruses by massively inducing C->T mutations on viral genome : this phenomenon is called "hypermutations". Nevertheless, this activity is not virus-specific and some A3 can induce mutations on mitochondrial DNA (A3A, C, F, G, H) and nuclear DNA (A3A and A3B). Thus, the impact of those proteins on cancer formation is now established in cancers where mutations mostly show an APOBEC3 signature. In view of those considerations, we decided to study how those enzymes are regulated in the context of a viral cellular stress or an endogenous cellular stress. The first part of our work is focused on A3DE, the only APOBEC3 lacking a cytidine deaminase activity. Interestingly, A3DE is upregulated in cirrhotic livers infected by HBV, HCV or coinfected with HBV & HCV. We show that A3DE inhibits A3F & A3G activity by interacting with those HBV restriction involved A3. Then, we studied the attributes of the genotoxicity potential of A3B. This protein, by his strictly nuclear localization, constitutes the only double domain A3 which is not regulated by A3DE. Unlike A3A, A3B is weakly active on nuclear DNA and does not induce double strand breaks. We determine by directed mutagenesis the clusters of A3B involved in genotoxicity attenuation compared with A3A. We also show that this attenuation is conserved among primates. Finally, we investigated the role and regulation of A3A in the context of DNA catabolism. We proved that mitochondrial cytoplasmic DNA (mtcyDNA) triggers the RIG-I/DNA polymerase III pathway, which induces IFN production leading to A3A expression. So A3A will be involved in mtcyDNA catabolism and contribute to the clearance of this stress signal, but will also induce double strand breaks on nuclear DNA. A3 are major enzymes of the innate immune response and DNA catabolism. We show that A3DE modulates A3F and A3G activity while A3B is attenuated among primates and is less genotoxic than A3A. A3A participates to cytoplasmic DNA catabolism and limits inflammation. Nevertheless, A3A could be dangerous for the genomic integrity and contributes to cancer, especially in cases of chronic inflammation
Guilloteau, Laurence. "Immunité contre Salmonella abortusovis chez la souris : caractérisation des populations lymphocytaires impliquées dans la protection et la réaction granulomateuse." Lyon 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LYO10238.
Juvin, Véronique. "Caractérisation pharmacologique du canal TRPV2 recombinant et analyse des fonctions de la protéine endogène dans les cellules immunitaires." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON1T016.
Damonneville, Martine. "Etude de la réponse humorale et cellulaire vis-à-vis des antigènes cibles des anticorps IgE protecteurs dans la schistosomiase expérimentale." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604170s.
Damonneville, Martine. "Etude de la réponse humorale et cellulaire vis-à-vis des antigènes cibles des anticorps IgE protecteurs dans la schistosomiase expérimentale." Lille 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LIL10210.
Swierczynski, Béatrice. "Importance de l'immunité cellulaire dans l'évolution de l'infection toxoplasmique et au cours de l'interaction macrophage-parasite sur un modèle murin : modulation par les cytokines." Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT047G.
Penna, Aubin. "Physiologie moléculaire du canal TRPV2 : analyse fonctionnelle de la protéine recombinante et implications du canal natif dans la biologie des cellules immunitaires." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T011.
Milot, Valérie. "Rôles de la galectine-3 dans la réaction inflammatoire et l'immunité innée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28892/28892.pdf.
Chea, Sylvestre. "Etude du rôle de la voie de signalisation Notch sur le développement des ILC adultes et foetales murines." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077077.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILC) are cells devoid of specific antigen receptors that are able to secrete huge amount of cytokines. They are subdivided into 3 groups. All ILC originate from an ILC progenitor (ILCP) that is characterized by the expression of transcription repressor Id2. ILCP results from the commitment of the common lymphoid progenitor (CLP) towards ILC lineage. The Notch signaling is essential for T cell development. Similarly, Notch is implicated in ILC development in vitro. My thesis focuses on the implication of Notch signaling in the development and function of ILC in vivo. In a first part, we study the role of Notch signaling in the development of fetal ILC3. We invalidated the Notch pathway in all lymphoid cells by using mice, crossed with Rbpf or Notchel mice. We also overactivated Notch signaling, which resulted in T cell development and inhibition of fetal ILC3 lineage. On the contrary, ILCP and ILC3 are still present in fetal liver, spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes of Notch-deficient embryon. Finally, single cell transcriptional analysis of fetal liver ILCP show that transcriptional profile and diversity is affected by Notch signaling deletion. We conclude that Notch signaling is implicated at the ILCP stage during fetal life, but it is not essential. In a second part, we study the role of Notch signaling in the development of adult ILC subsets. We show that bone marrow ILCP is not affected by Notch deletion, but its transcriptional profile is affected for ILC2 and NCR⁺ ILC3 signature genes. Intestinal NCIZ⁺ ILC3 subset is severely reduced in the absence of Notch signaling. A transcriptional analysis shows that ILC3 progenitor (ILC3P) is present in the periphery, but its transcriptional profile is close to NCWILC3 rather than NCR' ILC3 in Notch deficient conditions. This suggests that in the absence of Notch, central ILCP and peripheral ILC3P cannot differentiate into NCR⁺ ILC3. On the contrary ILC2 is increased in the intestine, spleen and lungs. Similarly, bone marrow ILC2 progenitor (ILC2P) is also increased. This increase is cell intrinsic. Overall results suggest that Notch signaling acts on the balance between ILC subsets
Hirigoyenberry, Fabienne. "Immunité humorale chez l'Annelide Eisenia Fetida Andrei : Régulation de l'activité antibactérienne : rôle des deux protéines de 45 kda et 40 kda : recherche d'une parenté biochimique possible." Bordeaux 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BOR10537.
Decker, Patrice. "Autoimmunite humorale et cellulaire dirigee contre le nucleosome et la poly (adp-ribose) polymerase, enzyme de reparation de l'adn. Implications physiopathologiques dans la maladie lupique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000STR13044.
Peigné, Cassie-Marie. "Modalités fines d'activation antigénique des LT Vγ9Vδ2 humains : mécanismes de détection du stress cellulaire et implication de la butyrophiline BTN3A/CD277". Nantes, 2016. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=f2d45559-cfa5-42ae-a547-6aaf17d1ae3c.
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are the major sub-population of γδ T cells in human blood. They play a leading part in protection of the organism against infectious agents and tumor cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are specifically and strongly activated by small organic pyrophosphate molecules termed phosphoantigens (PAg) in a TCR dependant way. PAg are metabolites from the isoprenoid pathway shared by both procaryotes and eucaryotes. The activation modalities of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by PAg remain to be defined in detail. Results from our team revealed an important role played by the BTN3 (CD277) molecule during Vγ9Vδ2 T cell antigenic activation. BTN3, and especially the BTN3A1 isoform, is involved in activating Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. The work described in this thesis, aimed at investigating the underlying mechnisms allowing BTN3 molecule to activate Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. We showed that the B30. 2 intracellular domain of BTN3A1 was able to fix PAg with a histidine residue in position 351 playing a vital role. Furthermore, we identified other proteins that could interact with this intracellular domain. We used the yeast double-hybrid technique, and identified six putative partner proteins. Finally, we carried out a function maping of the intracellular part of the various BTN3 isoforms. These results brought new insights into the antigenic activation modalities of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells by PAg and clarify the key role played by the BTN3 molecule in this process