Дисертації з теми "Incidental perception"
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1
Patat, Dubouis Pascale. "Alliances accidentelles de marques : définition et approche managériale, processus de traitement et effets sur le consommateur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPSLD052.
Анотація:
Parfois le consommateur perçoit incidemment un lien entre une publicité et un élément du contexte de cette dernière, par exemple une seconde publicité. Il s’en suit des réactions positives et négatives parfois fortes sur les réseaux sociaux, posant la question de l’impact de ces accidents.L’objectif de notre recherche est de définir ce phénomène, ses conditions de formation et ses conséquences. Nous proposons un cadre théorique intégratif basé sur les effets de contexte, les alliances de marques, la théorie de la Gestalt et la congruence. Nous mettons en place une approche mixte via des entretiens auprès de consommateurs et professionnels, une étude de cas ainsi qu’une expérimentation. Nous pouvons ainsi établir le fait qu’une alliance accidentelle de marque est un processus de prise de conscience par le consommateur de la congruence entre les caractéristiques des publicités et entre les marques, influencé par la pertinence perçue, la relation du consommateur à la marque et les émotions. Nous identifions des effets cognitifs, affectifs et conatifs sur le consommateur. Ils entrainent des répercussions sur l’attention et son attitude par rapport à l’accident, ainsi que sur la marque et l’entrepriseSometimes the consumer incidentally perceives a link between an advertisement and an element of the context of the latter, for example a second advertisement. This may result in sometimes strong positive and negative reactions on social networks, raising the question of the impact of these accidents.The objective of our research is to define this phenomenon, its formation conditions and its consequences. We propose an integrative theoretical framework based on context effects, brand alliances, Gestalt theory and congruence.We are implementing a mixed approach via interviews with consumers and professionals, a case study and an experiment.We can thus establish the fact that an accidental brand alliance is a process of awareness by the consumer of the congruence between the characteristics of the advertisements and between the brands, influenced by the perceived relevance, the relationship of the consumer to the brand and the emotions.We identify cognitive, affective and conative effects on the consumer. They have repercussions on attention and attitude towards the accident, as well as on the brand and the company
2
Ferreira, Hugo Cézar Palhares. "Efeito da carga perceptiva e cognitiva na conjunção incidental em tarefas visuais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-18012017-140702/.
Анотація:
O processo de integração de informações na memória pode acontecer de forma incidental, em que informações não relevantes para os objetivos de uma tarefa de memorização são conjugadas. Nosso trabalho buscou relacionar os efeitos da conjunção incidental dentro do armazenador visuoespacial e a possível interferência da carga perceptiva e cognitiva. No Capítulo 1 buscamos identificar como ocorre a conjunção incidental entre forma e cor (Exp1) e como a carga perceptiva pode influenciar nesta conjunção (Exp2). Os resultados do Exp1 mostram que cor e forma são conjugadas de forma incidental e assimétrica, em que a cor interfere no reconhecimento da forma, mas a forma não interfere no reconhecimento da cor. O Exp2 demonstra que a alta carga perceptiva não afeta a conjunção incidental, sugerindo que é um processo automático. No Capítulo 2 buscamos identificar a conjunção incidental de cor e localização e como a similaridade e a carga cognitiva podem afetar sua ocorrência. No terceiro experimento (Exp3) procuramos identificar as características da conjunção incidental da informação visual e espacial em uma tarefa de reconhecimento, no quarto experimento (Exp4) avaliamos o efeito da similaridade da informação visual na memorização de cores, e no quinto experimento (Exp5) avaliamos o efeito da carga cognitiva na memorização através de uma tarefa secundária atencional. Os resultados do Exp3 mostram que cor e localização são conjugadas de forma incidental e assimétrica, em que a localização interfere no reconhecimento da cor, mas a cor não interfere no reconhecimento da localização. O Exp4 demonstra que a conjunção incidental da localização e da cor é mais acentuada nas provas com similaridade alta e que a carga cognitiva tem um efeito semelhante ao da similaridade, aumentando o efeito da conjunção incidental (Exp5). Os dados apontam que a conjunção incidental de forma e localização é passível de interferência durante sua codificação.The memory binding information process can happen incidentally, so that irrelevant information to the objectives of a memory task are associated with the relevant to it. Our study aimed to find the effects of incidental conjunction in the visuospatial store and the possible interference of the perceptual and cognitive load in this process. In Chapter 1, we intended to identify how does work the incidental binding of shape and color (Exp1) and how the perceptual load can influence this conjunction (Exp2). Results of Exp1 show that color and shape are conjugated in an incidental and asymmetric way, wherein color interferes in shape recognition, but shape does not interfere in color recognition. Results of Exp2 show that high perceptual load does not affect the incidental binding, suggesting that it is an automatic process. In Chapter 2 we intended to identify how does work the incidental binding of color and spatial location and how the similarity and the cognitive load may affect this occurrence. In the third experiment (Exp3), we tried to identify the features of incidental binding between visual and spatial information on a reconnaissance task. In the fourth experiment (Exp4), we evaluated the effect of similarity of visual information in the color memorization. In the fifth experiment (Exp5), we evaluated the effect of cognitive load on memorization through a secondary attentional task. Results of Exp1 show that color and location are conjugated in an incidental and asymmetric way, wherein location interferes in color recognition, but color does not interfere in location recognition. The Exp4 show that the incidental binding of location and color is more evident in tasks with high similarity and the cognitive load has a similar effect to the similarity, increasing the occurrence of incidental binding (Exp5). The data indicate that incidental binding of form and location is subject to interference during its codification.
3
Waters, Norna Foxcroft. "Exploring perceptions of perinatal nurses towards incident reporting : a qualitative study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27916.
Анотація:
Patient safety has received greater attention in response to the release of reports estimating a significant number of incidents (adverse events or near misses) occur during inpatient hospital stays. Improving the safety of our health care system requires a greater understanding of the types of incidents and their underlying causes. Nurses are recognized as the discipline most likely to report incidents in practice due to their front line role in patient care. Perinatal nurses are of specific interest as they are well recognized as playing an active role in the identification and reporting of incidents that occur in inpatient perinatal settings.
This descriptive qualitative study explored perinatal nurses’ perceptions about reporting incidents in practice and also identified factors that facilitate or act as barriers towards incident reporting. Data were collected in focus groups (n=16) consisting of perinatal nurses employed on labour and delivery units within one Health Authority in the province of BC. Audiotaped data were transcribed and analyzed using constant comparison. Four main themes and 12 subthemes were identified. The main themes were: nature of incidents, how incidents happen, barriers to incident reporting, and facilitating factors for incident reporting. The subthemes included: descriptions of incidents, determining what qualifies as an incidents, litigation, decision making, dynamics, fatigue, time, reporting tools, unit culture, learning, practice improvement, and professional identity.
The perinatal nurses indicated the types of incidents that occurred in their practice area were unique to their practice setting. They felt these incidents were mostly related to outcomes and were to some degree out of their control. They did not view incidents involving medications as an issue They identified team dynamics as influencing the safety of perinatal units, because poor team dynamics were often associated with negative patient outcomes. Fatigue, lack of time to report incidents, reporting tools and the negative reactions/responses of team members were identified as barriers to incident reporting. Facilitating factors to incident reporting were professional responsibility, learning opportunities created by incident reports, and observing change on their units in response to incident reports. The themes had implications for nursing practice, administration, education, and research.
4
Horton, Gary Scott. "The Impact of College Campus Shooting Incidents| An Exploration of Student Perceptions." Thesis, Lindenwood University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3734048.
Анотація:
Knowing the perceptions of college students regarding their safety on campus from an active school shooter can be valuable when campus police and security, college safety boards, and other members of the college community are designing policies and emergency plans to protect the college. However, few studies have been conducted to examine perceptions of students regarding fear of a school shooter on a university campus. To address this gap in the literature, this particular study was conducted to specifically inspect the perceptions of students regarding fear of a school shooter on a university campus in Missouri. This study resulted in a record of how the fear of a school shooter is perceived by college students from a variety of viewpoints. A qualitative, grounded theory design was selected for this study and was framed through the perspective of values theory and human and campus ecology theories. Interviews with 25 university students in Missouri were conducted. Data analysis resulted in the emergence of four major themes: (a) contentment, (b) partnership, (c) communication, and (d) maintenance. Overall, students in this study felt a great degree of contentment and desired to reduce their fear of an active shooter by creating a partnership with campus police, communicating better, and rejecting stricter gun laws.
5
Shen, Wen T. ""Operating on shadows": Evolving perceptions of the incidentally discovered adrenal mass, 1982--2002." Diss., Search in ProQuest Dissertations & Theses. UC Only, 2009. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1465493.
6
Sullivan-Windle, Barbara Anne. "Students' perceptions of factors influencing effective library use." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1993. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36687/1/36687_Sullivan-Windle_1993.pdf.
Анотація:
This qualitative study was undertaken at the Kelvin Grove Campus Library of
Queensland University of Technology to discover which aspects within the
library hinder students from using it effectively and which aspects help.
Written discourse collected using the Critical Incident Technique and
Photography revealed how students perceived the library itself, and how they
perceived the library staff. It also gave a bonus - an insight into the library's
client, the student.
Many of the issues raised by the respondents were the same as those
discovered in previous studies focusing on students' library use. These
included use of facilities; problems with gaining access to the collection;
availability of information about library services; how students learned to use
the library; and 'library anxiety'.
The data also yielded some interesting and unusual insights, which enabled a
picture to be built up of the student client at the Kelvin Grove Library. It
showed how the library staff made students feel guilty; provided insight into
the stages of development through which university students progress during
their tertiary studies; and showed their progression through a series of stages
in their use of the technology found inside the modern academic library.
The findings point to positive and negative influences within the library which
help or hinder effective use, and by implication, give an understanding of the
way students would like to experience the library. The recommendations
proposed in this study are offered as steps that librarians can take to assist in
achieving a more inviting 'user-friendly' learning environment. Some
recommendations for future research are also offered
7
Blust, Katherine Eileen. "Middle School Teachers' Perceptions of Bullying and Their Practices in Reporting Bullying Incidents." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2522.
Анотація:
Student self-report surveys showed bullying behaviors were problematic among students in one Midwest middle school. Despite implementing a version of the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, students continued to self-report bullying behaviors that occurred on school property during school hours. It is crucial that educators are proactive in intervening and preventing bullying to establish a safe environment for academic success. The purpose of this study was to describe teachers' perceptions of bullying behaviors and their practices in reporting bullying incidents. Bandura's social learning and Locke's social contract theories served as the study's framework. Teachers were asked to describe behaviors they perceived as bullying and their practices in reporting bullying incidents. A qualitative, bounded, descriptive case study was used to collect interview data from 12 purposefully selected classroom teachers who were tasked with bullying intervention and prevention. Thematic analysis using the lean, open coding strategy was used to analyze the data. Teachers reported observing physical, verbal, and cyber bullying behaviors, credited their bullying knowledge to schoolwide professional development (PD), and believed they recognized bullying behaviors when incidents occurred. Teachers also reported bullying incidents to the principal and to parents if they had a positive relationship with them. Based on these findings, a 4-day PD was designed for teachers to collaboratively develop uniform practices in reporting bullying incidents to parents or guardians. These endeavors may contribute to positive social change by equipping teachers with procedures in reporting bullying incidents; thus, reducing bullying, improving the learning environment, and creating a safer school culture for teachers and students.
8
Spalding, Robert Stanley Sturgeon James I. "Businessmen's risk perception in China following the 1999 Chinese Embassy bombing and the 2001 EP-3 incident." Diss., UMK access, 2007.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics and Dept. of Mathematics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2006."A dissertation in economics and mathematics." Advisor: James I. Sturgeon. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 191-203). Online version of the print edition.
9
Morakabati, Y. "Tourism, travel risk and travel risk perceptions : a study of travel risk perceptions and the effects of incidents on tourism." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2007. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/10501/.
Анотація:
When major incidents occur, whether in the form of natural disasters (for example, Tsunamis, hurricanes) or man-made incidents (such as acts of terrorism or war), there is an impact on travel flows and patterns. These impacts can be in the form of the volume of tourists that flow to a particular area, the characteristics of those tourists and/or the expenditure they make whilst there. The time required for destinations to recover from such incidents and the loss of tourism receipts depends upon a variety of factors such as the nature of the incident, the response of the destination to the incident and the impact that such events have on the travel risk perceptions of tourists. The purpose of this research is to examine the nature,magnitude and direct impacts of a selection of incidents and the time recovery period. Case studies of high profile events such as those that occurred in Egypt, Indonesia, Kenya, Spain, the UK and the USA have been selected because of the relative importance of the events and, to include a broad range of destination types. The incidents that have occurred will be examined through secondary data drawing heavily on related journal articles and the analyses of data that are published by the UNWTO, the World Bank and the relevant national governments. The literature analyses will look at the research that academics have undertaken when looking at specific incidents that occurred in the case study areas and in terms of their effects on tourism in general and to the areas involved. Data from published statistics will be used to examine tourist arrival trends prior to the incidents, immediately following. the incidents and the time period needed for the level of tourism activity to be restored to where it was likely to have been if the incident had not happened. Although the incidents are examined as individual case studies the analyses will also take a chronological approach to examine whether the impacts of major incidents diminishes with exposure to such events. That is, did the earlier terrorist attacks have a greater impact because of their novelty and therefore enhanced shock effect compared with later events even though the latter may have been of greater magnitude? The secondary analyses will also examine aspects such as whether there is a difference in impact if the incidents are specifically targeted at tourists in general rather than tourists of a particular nationality. Whenever events occur they may influence the perception of travellers in terms of the potential risks they face, related risks and how they may impact on the travel decisions of tourists, particularly non-business or discretionary tourists. There is a variety of risks that may influence the travel decisions of tourists including those relating to physical harm, financial loss and also the risk of dissatisfaction from their travel experience. The different types of risks that may influence travel decisions will be examined together with demographic characteristics of the travellers in order to explore whether there are differences in risk averseness between travellers from different countries of origin, age groups, gender, education and occupation. This aspect of the analysis will be driven by primary data analysis in the form of a questionnaire (physical and on-line) that uses both quantitative and qualitative instruments to determine travellers' travel-related risk perceptions and identify regions and countries that are felt to be high risk destinations by type of risk. The perceived risks will also be compared with actual risks as identified by insurance company claims data. Although limited in scope, this aspect of analysis will seek to identify whether travel-related risk perceptions mirror actual risks or whether they are driven by other factors such as media coverage of events. Using the man-made risks as the identifier, the regional aspects of travel-related risk will then be focused to one region of the planet in particular. This region is the Middle East plus some selected countries that share the same issues in relation to tourism development. Countries in this area have been beset by man-made incidents that have deterred the development of tourism in spite of the attractiveness of the region in terms of climate, heritage and culture. A comparative analysis is undertaken to look for commonalities and factors that explain the lack of tourism development in some countries. Using the findings from the secondary and primary data analyses the potential future of the region in general and Iran in particular will be examined using the Delphi technique by drawing upon the collective wisdom of some experts in tourism who have an understanding of tourism development in difficult political areas. Finally the research will attempt to pull all of these strands together to see if there are any identifiable guidelines that may help our understanding of travel related risks and whether there are any lessons that can be learned to inform the policy makers in troubled areas.
10
Baileygain, Amber N. "School Personnel Perceptions of Safety and Their Abilities to Respond to Active Intruder Incidents." Thesis, McKendree University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10812167.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to determine school personnel’s perceptions of safety in their school building as well as determine their confidence in their abilities to respond to an active intruder incident. The participants of this study were school personnel from a suburban, Southwestern Illinois PreK-12 school district. The study captured perceptions of safety and school procedures within the district’s nine buildings. The sample of participants were obtained through purposeful and convenience sampling. The participants were then assigned into five categories of participants, purposely identified: Administration, Teachers/Faculty, Support Staff (e.g., paraprofessional, aides, secretaries), Other Staff (e.g., custodians, café workers, bus drivers, monitors), and Substitutes (for all positions). In addition, the school’s current documented policy on school safety and active intruder response procedures was reviewed. The qualitative design of this study included interviews and document analysis. The study was a phenomenological study with triangulation that included research questions addressing school personnel perceptions of safety and their preparedness in the event of an active intruder situation, comparing these responses among the identified categories, and identifying the type of active intruder training provided to school personnel. The seven themes that emerged from the interviews were limited safeguards, sense of safety, training, response issues, supplies and equipment, handbook awareness, and improvements. Additional research is needed to determine if other schools in Illinois require improvements in their active intruder response plans, procedures, and provided training.
11
Nam, Doohee. "Econometric analysis of highway incident duration, public perceptions and information for advanced traveler information systems /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10172.
12
Hurley, Cynthia Tallis. "Middle School Principals' Responses to Bullying: Comparing School Bullying Incidents and Their Perceived Seriousness." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/242400.
Анотація:
Research on principals' perceptions and responses to school bullying is scarce. This study investigated the perceptions of seven middle school principals and their responses to six hypothetical vignettes depicting incidents of physical, verbal, or relational bullying. During interviews, respondents were asked to rate the seriousness of each incident and describe how they would respond. Respondents rated all the incidents, regardless of the form of bullying, as moderately serious, serious, or very serious. When asked to describe how they would respond to incidents, all responded they would take action (e.g., consequences for the instigator, interventions to change the behavior of the instigator, support for the target). State statute on bullying, school anti-bullying policies, past experience with bullying, and a belief that students deserve to feel safe were key to guiding their responses. The principals recognized that bullying occurred on their campuses but indicated that incidents were minimized as a result of their strong school anti-bullying polices and a belief that no form of bullying was to be tolerated on their campuses.
13
Sousa, Francisco Formiga de. "Análise dos fatores de riscos e comportamentos inseguros na constituição de incidentes e acidentes de trabalho." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2015. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8132.
Анотація:
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arquivo total.pdf: 2536313 bytes, checksum: bf528ab534ff5a996c8f2eda9196a851 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-20T11:34:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 2536313 bytes, checksum: bf528ab534ff5a996c8f2eda9196a851 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-24
Over the past decades, alternative views to the traditional approach of occupational accidents have emerged, fact that expands the perimeter of analyzes and paves the way to questioning about the assumptions concerning concepts of security in the work environment. Therefore, this study aims to describe the relationship of risk factors and unsafe behavior in the constitution of incidents and accidents at work, during the period of 2012-2014 in the production sector of a food factory in the state of Paraíba. The obtained results, by means of mathematical modeling based on Multiple Linear Regression Models, showed that occupational accidents and incidents are explained by a coefficient of determination of 63,55%, by the risk factors and the unsafe behaviors caused by workers. However, when analyzing the correlation between unsafe behaviors due to the risk factors, it was obtained a coefficient of determination of 38% characterized as a low correlation among the observed variables; such fact is enhanced by the perception of workers, analyzed by Hypothesis Test for Proportion with α = 5% (significance level), which identified that only two risk factors – environment temperature and discomfort when using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) – have a strong association with the unsafe behaviors of removing the arms protectors, gloves and face shield during operational activities. In spite of that, it was found that there is a strong association between these two risk factors, which allowed significant conclusions.
Nas últimas décadas, surgiram visões alternativas à abordagem tradicional de acidentes de trabalho, fato que amplia o perímetro das análises e abre caminho para questionamentos acerca dos pressupostos relativos às concepções de segurança nos ambientes de trabalho. Portanto, este trabalho tem, como objetivo, descrever a relação dos fatores de riscos e comportamentos inseguros na constituição dos incidentes e acidentes de trabalho no período de 2012 a 2014 no setor de produção de uma fábrica de alimentos localizada no estado da Paraíba. Os resultados obtidos, através de modelagem matemática baseada em Modelos de Regressão Linear Múltipla, mostraram que os acidentes e incidentes de trabalho são explicados através de um coeficiente de determinação de 63,55%, pelos fatores de risco e pelos comportamentos inseguros provocados pelos trabalhadores. Entretanto, ao analisar a correlação entre os comportamentos inseguros em função dos fatores de risco, obteve-se um coeficiente de determinação de 38%, caracterizada como uma baixa correlação entre as variáveis observadas; tal fato é reforçado pela percepção dos trabalhadores, analisada através de Teste de Hipótese para Proporção com α = 5% (nível de significância), a qual possibilitou identificar que apenas dois fatores de risco – temperatura do ambiente e desconforto na utilização dos Equipamentos de Proteção Individual (EPI) – têm uma forte associação com os comportamentos inseguros de retirar o mangote para proteção de braços, as luvas e o protetor facial durante as atividades operacionais, entretanto, constatou-se que há uma forte associação entres esses dois fatores de risco, o que permitiu conclusões significativas.
14
Walz, Jerald H. "The Faculty Perceptions of Academic Freedom at Christian Colleges and Universities." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/78622.
Анотація:
Academic freedom is a much-discussed topic in the literature. However, little empirical research has been performed that describes the faculty perceptions of academic freedom at Christian colleges and universities, a unique segment of institutions within US higher education. Specifically, little recent research has shown how faculty members at Christian colleges and universities define academic freedom, how they describe experiences where they encountered issues of academic freedom, and how they navigate the interaction between academic freedom and institutional religious doctrines (as found in official statements of faith). The purpose of this study was to describe and analyze how faculty members at Christian colleges and university perceive academic freedom. For this qualitative study, I employed the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954) to collect data from full-time faculty members of Christian institutions. I present the findings discovered through this study, discuss their ramifications, offer recommendations, and draw conclusions.Ph. D.
15
Powell, Colin. "Risk perception and safety practices : the implications for safety initiatives and incident prevention in an outdoor adventure activity." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/5077.
Анотація:
Participation in outdoor adventure activities can result in injuries, medical conditions and fatalities. Whilst risk is present in outdoor adventure, the literature indicates that engagement with risk is often desired and results in valued outcomes. The way in which risk is perceived and responded to has been described as being linked to a range of socio-psychological variables. These variables may act as a filter to messages that are designed to promote safety and reduce incidents. This thesis proposes that an understanding of participants’ knowledge, beliefs, and experience and the meaning of an activity to them, can support the development of approaches to the promotion of safety that have contextual relevance. Using participant centred methods, this research aimed to generate recommendations to inform the development of safety initiatives and incident prevention strategies associated with an outdoor adventure activity. Kayaking in the sea environment was used as a case study. Questionnaires administered to individuals who use kayaks in the sea, identified a range of health impacts, perceived cause and safety practices. Variation in response was noted according to the type of kayak used, activities undertaken and characteristics of respondents. These findings, together with the results of an observational study and issues identified in the review of the literature, were used to generate themes to be explored in semi-structured interviews with interviewees who used different types of kayaks and varied in experience and immersion in the activity. The interviews identified a range of motives for participation and illuminated the meaning of risk to participants. Socio-psychological factors influencing both their own and others perception, assessment and response to risk were described. The interviewees proposed measures to enhance safety; these focused upon education, training, planning and preparation. The quantitative and qualitative findings were utilised to generate specific recommendations that could inform safety initiatives and incident prevention strategies linked to kayaking. Broad themes identified in the recommendations were regarded as being of relevance to other voluntary risk taking activities. It is concluded that there is a need to recognise that there are different reasons for engaging with risk and that within a broad activity, there are likely to be differential experiences of risk. On the basis of this, it is proposed that a generic approach to the management of risk may be inappropriate; it is advocated that there is a need to target safety initiatives and incident prevention strategies at particular subgroups of participants and for safety guidance to be context specific.
16
Stavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2006. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/1/Efty_Stavrou_Thesis.pdf.
Анотація:
Background: The proportion of older individuals in the driving population is predicted to increase in the next 50 years. This has important implications for driving safety as abilities which are important for safe driving, such as vision (which accounts for the majority of the sensory input required for driving), processing ability and cognition have been shown to decline with age. The current methods employed for screening older drivers upon re-licensure are also vision based. This study, which investigated social, behavioural and professional aspects involved with older drivers, aimed to determine:
(i) if the current visual standards in place for testing upon re-licensure are effective in reducing the older driver fatality rate in Australia;
(ii) if the recommended visual standards are actually implemented as part of the testing procedures by Australian optometrists; and
(iii) if there are other non-standardised tests which may be better at predicting the on-road incident-risk (including near misses and minor incidents) in older drivers than those tests recommended in the standards.
Methods: For the first phase of the study, state-based age- and gender-stratified numbers of older driver fatalities for 2000-2003 were obtained from the Australian Transportation Safety Bureau database. Poisson regression analyses of fatality rates were considered by renewal frequency and jurisdiction (as separate models), adjusting for possible confounding variables of age, gender and year.
For the second phase, all practising optometrists in Australia were surveyed on the vision tests they conduct in consultations relating to driving and their knowledge of vision requirements for older drivers.
Finally, for the third phase of the study to investigate determinants of on-road incident risk, a stratified random sample of 600 Brisbane residents aged 60 years and were selected and invited to participate using an introductory letter explaining the project requirements. In order to capture the number and type of road incidents which occurred for each participant over 12 months (including near misses and minor incidents), an important component of the prospective research study was the development and validation of a driving diary. The diary was a tool in which incidents that occurred could be logged at that time (or very close in time to which they occurred) and thus, in comparison with relying on participant memory over time, recall bias of incident occurrence was minimised. Association between all visual tests, cognition and scores obtained for non-standard functional tests with retrospective and prospective incident occurrence was investigated.
Results: In the first phase,rivers aged 60-69 years had a 33% lower fatality risk (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.77) in states with vision testing upon re-licensure compared with states with no vision testing upon re-licensure, however, because the CIs are wide, crossing 1.00, this result should be regarded with caution. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older (RR=1.17, CI 0.64-2.13) did not differ between states with and without license renewal procedures, indicating no apparent benefit in vision testing legislation.
For the second phase of the study, nearly all optometrists measured visual acuity (VA) as part of a vision assessment for re-licensing, however, 20% of optometrists did not perform any visual field (VF) testing and only 20% routinely performed automated VF on older drivers, despite the standards for licensing advocating automated VF as part of the vision standard. This demonstrates the need for more effective communication between the policy makers and those responsible for carrying out the standards. It may also indicate that the overall higher driver fatality rate in jurisdictions with vision testing requirements is resultant as the tests recommended by the standards are only partially being conducted by optometrists. Hence a standardised protocol for the screening of older drivers for re-licensure across the nation must be established.
The opinions of Australian optometrists with regard to the responsibility of reporting older drivers who fail to meet the licensing standards highlighted the conflict between maintaining patient confidentiality or upholding public safety. Mandatory reporting requirements of those drivers who fail to reach the standards necessary for driving would minimise potential conflict between the patient and their practitioner, and help maintain patient trust and goodwill.
The final phase of the PhD program investigated the efficacy of vision, functional and cognitive tests to discriminate between at-risk and safe older drivers. Nearly 80% of the participants experienced an incident of some form over the prospective 12 months, with the total incident rate being 4.65/10 000 km. Sixty-three percent reported having a near miss and 28% had a minor incident.
The results from the prospective diary study indicate that the current vision screening tests (VA and VF) used for re-licensure do not accurately predict older drivers who are at increased odds of having an on-road incident. However, the variation in visual measurements of the cohort was narrow, also affecting the results seen with the visual functon questionnaires. Hence a larger cohort with greater variability should be considered for a future study. A slightly lower cognitive level (as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) did show an association with incident involvement as did slower reaction time (RT), however the Useful-Field-of-View (UFOV) provided the most compelling results of the study. Cut-off values of UFOV processing (>23.3ms), divided attention (>113ms), selective attention (>258ms) and overall score (moderate/ high/ very high risk) were effective in determining older drivers at increased odds of having any on-road incident and the occurrence of minor incidents.
Discussion:
The results have shown that for the 60-69 year age-group, there is a potential benefit in testing vision upon licence renewal. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older indicated no benefit in vision testing legislation and suggests a need for inclusion of screening tests which better predict on-road incidents.
Although VA is routinely performed by Australian optometrists on older drivers renewing their licence, VF is not. Therefore there is a need for a protocol to be developed and administered which would result in standardised methods conducted throughout the nation for the screening of older drivers upon re-licensure. Communication between the community, policy makers and those conducting the protocol should be maximised. By implementing a standardised screening protocol which incorporates a level of mandatory reporting by the practitioner, the ethical dilemma of breaching patient confidentiality would also be resolved.
The tests which should be included in this screening protocol, however, cannot solely be ones which have been implemented in the past. In this investigation, RT, MMSE and UFOV were shown to be better determinants of on-road incidents in older drivers than VA and VF, however, as previously mentioned, there was a lack of variability in visual status within the cohort. Nevertheless, it is the recommendation from this investigation, that subject to appropriate sensitivity and specificity being demonstrated in the future using a cohort with wider variation in vision, functional performance and cognition, these tests of cognition and information processing should be added to the current protocol for the screening of older drivers which may be conducted at licensing centres across the nation.
17
Stavrou, Eftyhia P. "Vision, functional and cognitive determinants of motor vehicle incidents in older drivers." Queensland University of Technology, 2006. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/28503/.
Анотація:
Background: The proportion of older individuals in the driving population is predicted to increase in the next 50 years. This has important implications for driving safety as abilities which are important for safe driving, such as vision (which accounts for the majority of the sensory input required for driving), processing ability and cognition have been shown to decline with age. The current methods employed for screening older drivers upon re-licensure are also vision based. This study, which investigated social, behavioural and professional aspects involved with older drivers, aimed to determine:
(i) if the current visual standards in place for testing upon re-licensure are effective in reducing the older driver fatality rate in Australia;
(ii) if the recommended visual standards are actually implemented as part of the testing procedures by Australian optometrists; and
(iii) if there are other non-standardised tests which may be better at predicting the on-road incident-risk (including near misses and minor incidents) in older drivers than those tests recommended in the standards.
Methods: For the first phase of the study, state-based age- and gender-stratified numbers of older driver fatalities for 2000-2003 were obtained from the Australian Transportation Safety Bureau database. Poisson regression analyses of fatality rates were considered by renewal frequency and jurisdiction (as separate models), adjusting for possible confounding variables of age, gender and year.
For the second phase, all practising optometrists in Australia were surveyed on the vision tests they conduct in consultations relating to driving and their knowledge of vision requirements for older drivers.
Finally, for the third phase of the study to investigate determinants of on-road incident risk, a stratified random sample of 600 Brisbane residents aged 60 years and were selected and invited to participate using an introductory letter explaining the project requirements. In order to capture the number and type of road incidents which occurred for each participant over 12 months (including near misses and minor incidents), an important component of the prospective research study was the development and validation of a driving diary. The diary was a tool in which incidents that occurred could be logged at that time (or very close in time to which they occurred) and thus, in comparison with relying on participant memory over time, recall bias of incident occurrence was minimised. Association between all visual tests, cognition and scores obtained for non-standard functional tests with retrospective and prospective incident occurrence was investigated.
Results: In the first phase,rivers aged 60-69 years had a 33% lower fatality risk (Rate Ratio [RR] = 0.75, 95% CI 0.32-1.77) in states with vision testing upon re-licensure compared with states with no vision testing upon re-licensure, however, because the CIs are wide, crossing 1.00, this result should be regarded with caution. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older (RR=1.17, CI 0.64-2.13) did not differ between states with and without license renewal procedures, indicating no apparent benefit in vision testing legislation.
For the second phase of the study, nearly all optometrists measured visual acuity (VA) as part of a vision assessment for re-licensing, however, 20% of optometrists did not perform any visual field (VF) testing and only 20% routinely performed automated VF on older drivers, despite the standards for licensing advocating automated VF as part of the vision standard. This demonstrates the need for more effective communication between the policy makers and those responsible for carrying out the standards. It may also indicate that the overall higher driver fatality rate in jurisdictions with vision testing requirements is resultant as the tests recommended by the standards are only partially being conducted by optometrists. Hence a standardised protocol for the screening of older drivers for re-licensure across the nation must be established.
The opinions of Australian optometrists with regard to the responsibility of reporting older drivers who fail to meet the licensing standards highlighted the conflict between maintaining patient confidentiality or upholding public safety. Mandatory reporting requirements of those drivers who fail to reach the standards necessary for driving would minimise potential conflict between the patient and their practitioner, and help maintain patient trust and goodwill.
The final phase of the PhD program investigated the efficacy of vision, functional and cognitive tests to discriminate between at-risk and safe older drivers. Nearly 80% of the participants experienced an incident of some form over the prospective 12 months, with the total incident rate being 4.65/10 000 km. Sixty-three percent reported having a near miss and 28% had a minor incident.
The results from the prospective diary study indicate that the current vision screening tests (VA and VF) used for re-licensure do not accurately predict older drivers who are at increased odds of having an on-road incident. However, the variation in visual measurements of the cohort was narrow, also affecting the results seen with the visual functon questionnaires. Hence a larger cohort with greater variability should be considered for a future study. A slightly lower cognitive level (as measured with the Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) did show an association with incident involvement as did slower reaction time (RT), however the Useful-Field-of-View (UFOV) provided the most compelling results of the study. Cut-off values of UFOV processing (>23.3ms), divided attention (>113ms), selective attention (>258ms) and overall score (moderate/ high/ very high risk) were effective in determining older drivers at increased odds of having any on-road incident and the occurrence of minor incidents.
Discussion:
The results have shown that for the 60-69 year age-group, there is a potential benefit in testing vision upon licence renewal. However, overall fatality rates and fatality rates for those aged 70 years and older indicated no benefit in vision testing legislation and suggests a need for inclusion of screening tests which better predict on-road incidents.
Although VA is routinely performed by Australian optometrists on older drivers renewing their licence, VF is not. Therefore there is a need for a protocol to be developed and administered which would result in standardised methods conducted throughout the nation for the screening of older drivers upon re-licensure. Communication between the community, policy makers and those conducting the protocol should be maximised. By implementing a standardised screening protocol which incorporates a level of mandatory reporting by the practitioner, the ethical dilemma of breaching patient confidentiality would also be resolved.
The tests which should be included in this screening protocol, however, cannot solely be ones which have been implemented in the past. In this investigation, RT, MMSE and UFOV were shown to be better determinants of on-road incidents in older drivers than VA and VF, however, as previously mentioned, there was a lack of variability in visual status within the cohort. Nevertheless, it is the recommendation from this investigation, that subject to appropriate sensitivity and specificity being demonstrated in the future using a cohort with wider variation in vision, functional performance and cognition, these tests of cognition and information processing should be added to the current protocol for the screening of older drivers which may be conducted at licensing centres across the nation.
18
Smith, Gabriel Charles. "Identifying prevention methods to reduce carpal tunnel syndrome incidents : based on analysis of employee perception and by utilizing the strain index /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1324372471&sid=25&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
19
Lyman, Kerri. "Relationship Between Post-resuscitation Debriefings and Perceptions of Teamwork in Emergency Department Nurses." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7693.
Анотація:
Emergency department nurses are faced with traumatic patient events while functioning as members of multidisciplinary teams. Critical incident debriefing has been shown to benefit health care professionals and patient clinical outcomes. The purpose of this quantitative correlational study was to examine the relationship between the use of formal post-resuscitation debriefings and perceptions of teamwork in emergency department nurses. The study also addressed the type and timing of debriefing to determine whether these factors impacted perceptions of teamwork. The nurse as wounded healer theory served as the theoretical framework. Data from the Nursing Teamwork Survey were collected from 68 emergency department nurses from across the United States. Data were analyzed using a statistical correlation coefficient. Results showed that when debriefings were done more frequently, were conducted using a formal debriefing method, and were held immediately after a situation, there was a positive correlation with higher levels of trust, team orientation, backup, shared mental model, and leadership. Findings may be used to increase utilization of debriefings and improve perceptions of teamwork among emergency department nurses, which may improve patient outcomes.
20
Tischer, Sven. "The impact of critical incidents on marketing intangibles." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16966.
Анотація:
Die Dissertation befasst sich mit den Folgen negativer kritischer Ereignisse und gibt Hinweise, was Manager vor und nach dem Ereignis tun könnten, um potentiell negative Effekte zu minimieren. Während sich die ersten zwei Aufsätze mit der Wirkung kritischer Ereignisse aus Sicht der Konsumenten befassen, widmen sich die Aufsätze 3 und 4 der Shareholder-Perspektive. Aufsatz 1 untersucht die Wahrnehmungsveränderungen in Folge verschiedener Ereignisse mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Markenpersönlichkeit. Die Ergebnisse des Online-Experimentes implizieren, dass die negative Wirkung von der Markenstärke, der Geschäftsbeziehung vor bzw. während des Vorfalls und der Art des Ereignisses abhängt. Aufsatz 2 analysiert, ob die Effekte auch mit Hilfe des Konzepts des kundenbasierten Markenwerts bestätigt und erweitert werden können. Zu diesem Zweck werden die Reaktionen nach Bekanntwerden derselben kritischen Ereignisse für die Markenwertdimension „Perceived quality“, „Perceived value“, „Brand personality“, „Organizational associations“, und „Loyalty“ quantifiziert. In Übereinstimmung mit den in Aufsatz 1 gewonnenen Erkenntnissen deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass sowohl ein hoher Markenwert und das anhaltende persönliche Produkterlebnis während eines kritischen Ereignisses den negativen Effekt mindert, als auch eine zwischen tatsächlichen und potentiellen Kunden differenzierende Kommunikationsstrategie im Nachgang sinnvoll sein könnte. Die Aufsätze 3 und 4 untersuchen auf Basis einer „Event study“ den Zusammenhang zwischen der Veröffentlichung von „Corporate Reputation-Rankings“ des Manager Magazins und dem Shareholder Value. Die gefundenen Ankündigungseffekte weisen darauf hin, dass, über die gezeigte Verbindung zwischen Reputation und Shareholder Value, die in Folge kritischer negativer Ereignisse resultierende Reputationsänderung durch Investoren berücksichtigt wird.The doctoral dissertation analyzes effects of negative critical incidents and points out, what manager could do before and after an incident in order to minimize possible negative impacts. While the first two essays take a closer look at effects of critical incidents from the consumer’s point of view, the essays 3 and 4 deal with the shareholder perspective. Essay 1 examines perceptional changes in consequence of various incidents using the concept of brand personality. The results of the online experiment imply that the negative impact depends on brand strength, type of event and business relation before respectively during the incident. Essay 2 analyzes whether or not effects can be confirmed and extended using the concept of customer based brand equity. For this purpose, reactions of respondents are measured after getting exposed to the same critical incidents as in the previous essay. The reactions are quantified for brand equity dimensions such as perceived quality, perceived value, brand personality, organizational associations and loyalty. The results are in line with findings of Essay 1. They indicate, on the one hand, that high brand equity and persistent product experience during crisis reduce negative effects and, on the other hand, that a communication strategy which differs between actual and potential customers could be favorable after the incident. Using event study methodology, the Essays 3 and 4 examine the linkage between publications of corporate reputation rankings of the Manager Magazin and shareholder value. The existence of negative announcement effects indicates that investors consider a reputational loss in consequence of negative critical incidents via the observed linkage between reputation and share prices.
21
Ellington, Lisa. "Conceptions et expériences des hommes amérindiens ayant vécu des incidents de violence conjugale au Québec." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25753.
Анотація:
La violence conjugale est une problématique sociale très répandue au sein des peuples autochtones (Jones, 2008). Malgré ce constat, les travaux de recherche sur le sujet ne sont pas légion et ont été majoritairement réalisés auprès de femmes ou d’intervenants, le discours des hommes étant éclipsé par la perception qu’ont les chercheurs de la problématique. Cette recherche vise alors à rendre compte de l’expérience et du point de vue des hommes amérindiens ayant vécu des incidents de violence conjugale au Québec. L’analyse de contenu des neuf entrevues réalisées suggère la nécessité de considérer l’interaction dynamique et l’influence mutuelle de différents facteurs (historiques, environnementaux, individuels et culturels) qui façonnent les conceptions de la violence conjugale et les logiques d’action des hommes amérindiens. Ce mémoire met également en lumière la diversité des rôles joués par ces derniers lors des incidents, qu’ils soient les instigateurs et/ou les victimes, à travers les différents types de violence dans lesquels ces rôles s’inscrivent (violence conjugale situationnelle ou terrorisme conjugal).
22
Borien, Jason Dean. "Evaluation of the differences in perception toward stress and trauma intervention strategies in the South African Police Service." University of the Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8052.
Анотація:
Magister Commercii (Industrial Psychology) - MCom(IPS)The current crime rate in the Western Cape plays a crucial role in the exposure of police officers to stressful and traumatic events. The intensity and frequency of this exposure, if not treated, could lead to police officers experiencing comorbid disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This leads to an increased need for trauma intervention strategies to be offered, to assist police officers who are exposed to trauma in the South African Police Service (SAPS). Although trauma intervention programmes are established within SAPS, a difference in perception about their effectiveness and service offering are presented. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in perception toward stress and trauma intervention strategies within the SAPS in the Western Cape. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the researcher, tapped into the lived experiences of current police officers and Employee Health and Wellness (EHW) staff, employed by SAPS through semi-structured interviews. Through a comparative design, the study will add value to the current body of knowledge, as differences and similarities between two of the primary role players in the trauma debriefing process within the SAPS are explored. The research sample, recruited by means of convenience sampling, consisted of seven EHW staff members who had experience with dealing with stress and trauma-related programmes, and eight visible policing police officers who had experienced some form of trauma-related incident. The researcher made use of an in-depth interview guide as the research instrument for this study, which consisted of audio-recorded semi-structured interviews with the participants. The audio recordings were transcribed, and then analysed by means of thematic analysis. The findings showed that a difference in perception exists between police officers and EHW staff members toward the effectiveness of trauma intervention strategies offered in the SAPS. The findings also suggest that the majority of police officers do not make use of the trauma intervention programmes in the SAPS, in comparison to EHW staff reporting on good attendance by police officers at the service offerings. Similarities in perception between the two groups presented itself in the form of how trauma is defined, the different responses to trauma and coping mechanisms employed by police officers. The implications of this study include a contribution toward policy and structural amendments of the Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) framework within the SAPS, as well as a motivation for implementing a compulsory trauma counselling programme for police officers.
23
Abdullah, Nor Azimah Chew Binti. "Occupational health and safety management perceptions in Malaysian public hospitals: implications for the implementation of standardized management systems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1339.
Анотація:
All industries in Malaysia, including government organizations, have had to comply with the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 to fulfill their responsibilities as an employer to ensure that workers have a safe workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 requires employers to perform minimum duties to ensure the safety, health and welfare of their workers, thus, the joint responsibility between employer and employees in the government organizations are expected to ensure the safety of a workplace. Although this regulation binds employers, the Social Security Organization (SOCSO) statistics showed a fluctuation in industrial accidents, from 114,134 accidents in 1995 to 85,338 accidents in 1998, then the accidents increased to 92,074 in 1999, 95,006 in 2000, and subsequently the accident was reduced to 85,926 in 2001 until 56,339 in 2007. As a consequence, the adoption of an effective OHS management system as a tool to assist in meeting legal obligations should ensure the development of a safety culture and provide the best approach to reduce accidents in an organization. Thus, government organizations need to transform the philosophy of the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994 into reality and the implementation of an OHS management system will assist in resolving OHS problems successfully and is also a means to legal compliance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the information about current OHS practices that can influence the development and implementation of an effective OHS management system and provide a systematic process for the implementation of a OHS management system to enable the Malaysian public hospital sector to meet its OHS obligations.This study used a correlation quantitative non-experimental investigation, i.e. survey, where the study focused on collecting and analyzing the data in a single study. Proportionate stratified random sampling was used in selecting the respondents. 418 employees from three state hospitals in the northern region of Malaysia participated in this study and that gave a response rate of 43.15%. The questionnaire was adapted from the Safety Climate Assessment tool, where it was to identify perceptions of the hospital employees regarding several OHS management elements and implication towards their OHS performance. Analysis of data was done using SPSS version 12 and AMOS 4.0 and the outcomes of the data were evaluated and recommendations were made on the strategies to introduce an effective implementation of an OHS management system in the hospital sector in Malaysia.From the structural equation modeling, this research demonstrated that a direct relationship existed between the independent variables and dependent variables. The reliability results revealed that the measurement constantly assesses what it is intended to measure and all the scales shown reasonable validity in determining how well the concept is defined by the measures. The findings of this study revealed that the general view of employees with regard to their OHS practices was in the range of low to medium, indicating a mixture of "disagree" to "almost agree". Based on the perceptions of employees to have effective OHS practices in the workplace, this study also disclosed evidence that the critical elements of occupational health and safety management were accident and injury procedures, leadership style, management commitment, health and safety objectives and safety reporting procedures, and safety training. In addition, the findings of this study reported five elements including health and safety objectives, safety reporting, management commitment, the role of the supervisor, and leadership style were seen to support the implementation of an effective OHS management system, however, safety training was not significant but lack of safety training might hinder the effective management of OHS. In sum, the significant results of this study were (1) management commitment; (2) health and safety objectives; (3) training and competence; (4) role of supervisors; (5) safety reporting; (6) leadership style; and (7) safety incidents: accidents and injuries in the workplace. It seems that all elements of OHS management and one dependent variable that are safety incidents were critical to ensure good practices of OHS in the workplace.Lastly, some implications of this study were this survey's instrument can be an effective measurement tool to demonstrate improvement and to reflect on how to improve problematic areas in their workplace. Furthermore, employees' perceptions are vital as a realistic approach of determining whether an organization has attained an acceptable level of safety in their workplace.
24
Pihl, Lesnovska Katarina. "Life situation among persons living with inflammatory bowel disease." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-142720.
Анотація:
Living with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) affects physical, psychological and social dimensions, limiting the ability to engage in daily activities. Persons with IBD may need frequent and lifelong contacts with the healthcare (HC), highlighting the importance of quality care. High quality HC for persons with IBD involves a partnership between the HC professionals and the person living with the disease. Information is essential, the more a person knows about their disease, the more concordant and satisfied with their treatment they are likely to be. The overall aim of this thesis was to describe the knowledge need, life situation and perception of HC among persons living with IBD, in order to develop a questionnaire to evaluate the quality of HC. This thesis is based on three studies that are presented in four papers. Qualitative methods were used to describe aspects of life situation in relation to the disease, whereas quantitative method was used to develop a questionnaire measuring quality of care. Study I and II have an inductive qualitative design. In study I, qualitative interviews with 30 people were performed to describe the knowledge need and experience of critical incidents in daily life while living with IBD. The interviews in study I were analyzed using content analysis (results presented in Paper I) and critical incident technique (results presented in Paper II). In study II, the perceptions of HC among persons living with IBD was explored in five focus group interviews and two individual interviews, in total n=26. Study III aimed to develop and evaluate a questionnaire, measuring quality of care among persons with IBD, including 318 persons with IBD and 8 professionals. The knowledge need among persons with IBD focused on managing symptoms and course of the disease and learning to assimilate the information in order to manage everyday life. Losing bowel control was of great concern for most of the informants in the study. Many of the informants said that “the bowel ruled their life” and that it influenced them to a great extent in their daily lives. The perception of HC among persons with IBD meant being met with respect and mutual trust, receiving information at the right time, shared decision-making, competence and communication, access to care, accommodation, continuity of care and the pros and cons of specialized care. The quality of care questionnaire QoC-IBD was constructed in five dimensions, building on the results from Study I and II. The dimensions were trust and respect, decision-making, information, continuity of care and access to care consisting of 21 questions in total. QoC-IBD is a short, self-administrated questionnaire that measures experiences of healthcare among persons with IBD with promising validity and reliability. To improve quality of care, HC is recommended to consider individual care needs and take the person’s daily life and social context into account. The QoC-IBD questionnaire measures the subjective experience of quality of care. Further testing in clinical practice is necessary to evaluate if QoC-IBD can be used to evaluate the care given and areas of improvement in HC for persons living with IBD.
25
Karlsson, Madeleine, and Jonas Nilsson. "Sjuksköterskans upplevelse och hantering av kritiska händelser." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26730.
Анотація:
Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor riskerar dagligen att hamna i situationer som kan upplevas som kritiska. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var därför att undersöka vilka händelser som sjuksköterskan upplever som kritiska och hur dessa händelser sedan upplevs och hanteras. Heideggers hermeneutiskt inriktade fenomenologi användes som teoretisk referensram i arbetet. Metod: Genom databaserna PubMed, CINAHL och Medline hittades 17 artiklar som var av intresse, efter kvalitetsgranskning valdes tio artiklar ut för att redovisas i arbetet. Resultat: Händelser som sjuksköterskan bland annat ansåg som kritiska var händelser som involverade barn, allvarligt skadade personer samt akuta händelser som kunde vara andnings- eller hjärtstopp. Upplevelsen av en sådan händelse var varierande, den kunde vara ledsam, sjuksköterskan kunde känna stor osäkerhet och gav en stark trötthet. För att hantera en sådan känsla tog sjuksköterskan till olika tekniker för att hantera situationen. Ett sätt för att minska ångesten var att skämta och använda humor, ett annat sätt var att söka stöd hos sina arbetskamrater. Samtidigt var det också viktigt att det fanns ett formellt stöd inom organisationen som sjuksköterskan kunde ta hjälp av ifall händelsen blev allt för övermäktig. Konklusion: Sjuksköterskan skall vara medveten om att kritiska händelser kan leda till allvarliga stressreaktioner och vara uppmärksam på ifall tecken på utbrändhet visas.Background: Nurses risk every day to get into situations that could be perceived as critical. The purpose of this systematic literature review was to investigate the events, which the nurse feels are critical and how these events since perceived and handled. Heidegger's hermeneutic phenomenology was used as a focused theoretical framework of the work. Methods: The PubMed, CINAHL and Medline found 17 articles that were of interest, after the quality review was ten articles out for recognition at work. Results: Events that nurses in particular felt that was critical incidents involving children, serious injuries and emergencies that could be respiratory or cardiac arrest. The experience of such an event were varied, it could be tedious, the nurse could feel great uncertainty and gave a strong fatigue. To deal with such a sense took the nurse to the different techniques to handle the situation. One way to reduce the anxiety was making jokes and using humour, another way was to seek support from their colleagues. Meanwhile it was also important that there was a formal support of the organization that the nurse was able to enlist the help of whether the incident was too overpowering. Conclusion: The nurse must be aware that critical incidents can lead to severe stress reactions and be aware of if signs of burnout appear.
26
Chabalala, Tinyiko Godfrey. "The experiences and perceptions of police members regarding the effectiveness of trauma debriefing within the South African Police Service." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2004. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10182005-110103.
27
Khatri, Chandra P. "Real-time road traffic information detection through social media." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53889.
Анотація:
In current study, a mechanism to extract traffic related information such as congestion and incidents from textual data from the internet is proposed. The current source of data is Twitter, however, the same mechanism can be extended to any kind of text available on the internet. As the data being considered is extremely large in size automated models are developed to stream, download, and mine the data in real-time. Furthermore, if any tweet has traffic related information then the models should be able to infer and extract this data. To pursue this task, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Natural Language Processing techniques are used. These models are designed in such a way that they are able to detect the traffic congestion and traffic incidents from the Twitter stream at any location.
Currently, the data is collected only for United States. The data is collected for 85 days (50 complete and 35 partial) randomly sampled over the span of five months (September, 2014 to February, 2015) and a total of 120,000 geo-tagged traffic related tweets are extracted, while six million geo-tagged non-traffic related tweets are retrieved. The classification models for detection of traffic congestion and incidents are trained on this dataset. Furthermore, this data is also used for various kinds of spatial and temporal analysis. A mechanism to calculate level of traffic congestion, safety, and traffic perception for cities in U.S. is proposed. Traffic congestion and safety rankings for the various urban areas are obtained and then they are statistically validated with existing widely adopted rankings. Traffic perception depicts the attitude and perception of people towards the traffic.
It is also seen that traffic related data when visualized spatially and temporally provides the same pattern as the actual traffic flows for various urban areas. When visualized at the city level, it is clearly visible that the flow of tweets is similar to flow of vehicles and that the traffic related tweets are representative of traffic within the cities.
With all the findings in current study, it is shown that significant amount of traffic related information can be extracted from Twitter and other sources on internet. Furthermore, Twitter and these data sources are freely available and are not bound by spatial and temporal limitations. That is, wherever there is a user there is a potential for data.
28
Sund, Björn. "Economic evaluation, value of life, stated preference methodology and determinants of risks." Doctoral thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro universitet, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-12557.
Анотація:
The first paper examines the value of a statistical life (VSL) for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims. We found VSL values to be higher for OHCA victims than for people who die in road traffic accidents and a lower-bound estimate of VSL for OHCA would be in the range of 20 to 30 million Swedish crowns (SEK). The second paper concerns hypothetical bias in contingent valuation (CV) studies. We investigate the link between the determinants and empirical treatment of uncertainty through certainty calibration and find that the higher the confidence of the respondents the more we can trust that stated WTP is correlated to actual WTP. The third paper investigates the performance of two communication aids (a flexible community analogy and an array of dots) in valuing mortality risk reductions for OHCA. The results do not support the prediction of expected utility theory, i.e. that WTP for a mortality risk reduction increases with the amount of risk reduction (weak scope sensitivity), for any of the communication aids. The fourth paper presents a cost-benefit analysis to evaluate the effects of dual dispatch defibrillation by ambulance and fire services in the County of Stockholm. The intervention had positive economic effects, yielding a benefit-cost ratio of 36, a cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) of € 13 000 and the cost per saved life was € 60 000. The fifth paper explores how different response times from OHCA to defibrillation affect patients’ survival rates by using geographic information systems (GIS). The model predicted a baseline survival rate of 3.9% and reducing the ambulance response time by 1 minute increased survival to 4.6%. The sixth paper analyzes demographic determinants of incident experience and risk perception, and the relationship between the two, for eight different risk domains. Males and highly educated respondents perceive their risks lower than what is expected compared to actual incident experience.
29
Li, Chun-Ting, and 李濬廷. "A Study on The Consumer Perception of Incidental Music for Cultural and Creative Product." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c52s8g.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺中科技大學
多媒體設計系碩士班
103
Cultural Products for the artists to show the inner background and present the The Beauty of Metalworking, and showed the way the current cultural and creative goods also tend to evolve into multimedia from traditional graphics, but limited to the traditional graphic presentation can not and immediately effectively produce and read listener link, so read listener for lack of brand identity, which led to outstanding artists and exquisite craft work and did not get the winning achievements and art scene position is proportional to the visibility and popularity. In response to these problems, this study presents music used in video-based soundtrack, through micro-film approach to the narrative expression of the cultural and creative manipulation of the creative concept of goods and creative background, improving the integration of audio and video presentation by reading listen who read traditional graphic too time-consuming problem, but also make reading the listener the impression of sensory stimulation and reading listen more deeply rooted, fully show the beauty of the cultural and creative goods, produced by music to make reading the listener brand identity, thereby promoting Wen brand achieve commercial success. The purpose of this study to explore the impact of the music video II  soundtrack applied on the marketing of the brand. Reliability analysis methods adopted laws to seven students with a background music of the design for the study, two were treated &;quot;the same image,&;quot; micro &;quot;soundtrack different,&;quot; the movie ratings. &;quot;Sensory awareness&;quot;, &;quot;the consumer will&;quot; and &;quot;brand identity&;quot; of the promotion for the assessment in accordance with the observation of the variables, the use of reliability analysis, to explain subjects received emotional hearing into the micro-film to react, and interview data were supplemented by mutual satisfaction and reliability analysis. The results of this study are as follows: Hearing into micro-film reading listener ratings for two &;quot;same image&;quot;, &;quot;different music&;quot; of the emotional reaction, the plot into the level of brand identity has significant differences. Studies have shown that music soundtrack for the brand has a positive influence in many aspects of marketing, according to research results, specific recommendations are proposed for future research and marketing practices.
30
Schluter, Anne Ambler 1976. "Brazilian Portuguese speakers' perception of selected vowel contrasts of American English: effects of incidental contact." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3778.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to examine non-English-speaking Brazilian adults' perception of American English vowels at various levels of English contact. Specifically, it addressed two two-vowel American English contrasts, /i/-/I/ and /u/-/[upsilon]/, that both occupy the vowel space of one Brazilian Portuguese category, /i/ and /u/, and one twovowel contrast, /e/-/[epsilon]/, that exists in both languages. For reliability purposes, the three contrasts were presented in two different orders to total six contrasts in all. Predictions, based on Flege, (1995) associated discrimination difficulties with this L1-L2 contrast pairing. However, previous discoveries of non-native speakers' sensitivity to subphonemic differences suggested the potential to overcome L1-related perceptual constraints (Wode, 1994). Five groups of ten participants each [aged 20-40] contributed data [N=50]. Three Austin, Texas-resident groups participated: (group A) native American English speakers, (group B) native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with high English contact, and (group C) native Brazilian Portuguese-speakers with medium English contact. Belo Horizonte, Brazil-resident groups numbered two, including native Brazilian Portuguese speakers with medium English contact (group D) and low English contact (group E.) Each participant took a same-different identification test in which the target vowels appeared within minimal and identical pairs. Within-group results for medium and low contact groups associated significantly greater difficulty with the /u/-/[upsilon]/ contrast. Between-group results found significant differences between high and low contact groups for /u/-/[upsilon]/, /[upsilon]/-/u/, and /I/-/i/; insignificant differences between high contact and native English groups appeared for the same contrasts. These overall trends suggested a degree of flexibility for non-native perception in three of four instances as well as a significant pair-wise order effect. These overall findings should not minimize the importance of individual differences. Discussion concluded with calls for greater focus on individual differences (also reflected in Bradlow et al., 1997) and greater awareness of individuals' potentials within language learning contexts.
31
Chou, Yi-Chin, and 周誼欽. "Nurses Perception, Attitudes, Behaviors and Intentions Related to Medical Incident Report." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48539689496645530218.
Анотація:
碩士雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所碩士班
96
本研究目的探討護理人員對醫療異常通報事件之認知程度、態度、行為及意願。以台灣中部三家區域醫院護理人員為研究對象，研究工具採半結構式問卷，總計發出710份，有效問卷559份，問卷回收率為78.7％。 本研究發現：護理人員會主動通報的醫療異常事件次數最多為藥物、輸血及跌倒；護理人員不會主動通報的醫療異常事件次數最多為治安、管路及其他意外；影響通報意願最多為病人沒有明顯傷害、錯誤本身不明顯及通報後也不會有所改善。二成九的護理人員曾發生過應通報但未通報的事件；一成九的護理人員不清楚是否上過醫療異常通報相關課程。 認知構面中「醫療異常事件通報的重要性」得分最高為3.94分(滿分5分)；態度構面中「當發生醫療異常事件後，通報是必要的工作」得分最高為4.02分；行為與意願構面中「發生醫療異常事件，主管會指導我如何通報醫療異常事件」得分最高為3.76分。此外，「通報後後續處理的制度與辦法」、「通報不會受責罵」得分最低。且護理人員認為提高通報意願的措施「縮短通報時間及流程」(3.82分)，遠高於「通報獎勵」(3.25分)。年齡、護理年資、職級顯著影響認知程度；年齡顯著影響態度；年齡、護理年資顯著影響行為及意願，其中又以31－35歲的護理人員顯著高於其餘年齡
32
Xie, Ying-De, and 謝英德. "The Study of American Perception and Policy toward the 228 Incident." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51408842140079999874.
Анотація:
碩士淡江大學
美國研究所
91
The 228 Incident which was a tragedy in Taiwan’s modern history was provoked by the actions of police inspecting an illegal cigarette seller in Taipei on Feb.27, 1947. Countless civilians, from the elite down to the common people, were injured, killed or even disappeared. This cased many victims’ families and people to become indifferent to the government, take it as an enemy and even developed a sense of hatred toward mainlanders. Thus, the 228 Incident has really affected Taiwan’s society and politics a lot. After the 228 Incident, Taiwanese were not allowed to talk about this incident in public because of the political factors, and government officials did not make those original documents public; therefore, this miserable historic incident was covered over. Yet, since the 1990’s, it has not been a taboo topic. Taiwanese have been allowed to talk about it gradually more and more. Unfortunately, a lot of related historic documents were destroyed or have disappeared in the last 40 years. For this reason, documents from third parties become critical. From among these I have selected documents from American sources as the corpus of materials for analysis, from which I will examine American perception and policy toward the 228 Incident. According to the documents from American State Department American officials thought Governor Chen Yi mismanaged Taiwan and caused the 228 Incident. This rebellion sprang up in order to protest the corruption in the government and demand political reform. American documents also pointed out that the National Government used military terrorist actions to put down this rebellion, which killed a lot of Taiwan’s elite citizens. American documents revealed at the time of the 228 Incident, the highest level decision makers wanted to avoid becoming involved in this popular uprising. The American State Department adopted “a-do-nothing policy,” since they did not advocate making Taiwan a trust territory nor independence. Washington decision makers did not have a change in attitude until 1949. With the failure of the National Government in the civil war, American also started reviewing it policy to China, the most important aspect related to Taiwan was that America actually hoped to separate Taiwan from mainland China and establish it as its own political entity. However, at that time America discovered that Taiwan’s Independence Movement was too weak to overthrow the Nationalist Government and insure its own safety. Thus, America’s plan for Taiwan’s independence was cancelled.
33
Liang, Hui-Yu, and 梁惠玉. "Physicians and Nurses’ Perception, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Incident Report." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51899415104340556887.
Анотація:
碩士慈濟大學
護理研究所
93
The purpose of this study was to examine the differences and relationships between physicians’and nurses’perception, attitudes, and behaviors toward incident reports, respectively. The study is a cross-sectional design. Subjects were selected by using stratified random sampling. The structured questionnaire was developed including four dimensions, incident reporting culture, incident reporting perception, attitudes, and behaviors. Internal consistency reliability Cronbach’s α was .73、.77、.81 and .90, respectively. During the period of time from April 2005 to June 2005, the total number of respondents were 428 (82 physicians and 346 nurses) responding rate is 93% at two teaching hospitals in eastern Taiwan. Results showed (1)Positive relationships among physicians’ and nurses’ perception, attitudes, and behaviors toward incident reports, respectively(r=.30，p<.01；r= .44，p<.01), and positive relationships between incident reports attitudes and behaviors(r=.48，p<.01). Incident reporting culture also revealed positive relationships with incident report perception, attitudes, and behaviors, respectively(r=.36，p<.01；r=.55，p<.01；r=.43，p<.01). (2)The nurses’perception of incident reporting culture, perception and behaviors is higher than physicians’and revealed significant differences (p< .001). (3)There were significant differences in incident reporting perception, attitudes, and behaviors when compared groups with different positions, education levels, received patient safety training program, or experiences of incident report. . (4)Significant predictors included incident reporting culture, perceptions, and attitudes accounted for 34% of variance of incident reports behaviors. Incident reporting culture and perceptions were significant predictors in incident reporting attitudes, they accounted for 31% the variance of attitudes. (5)Nurse’incident reporting culture, perceptions and attitudes accounted for 40% of variance of incident reports behaviors. Incident reporting culture accounted for 10% of variance of reporting perceptions. (6)Physicians’incident reports perceptions and attitudes accounted for 30% of variance of incident reports behaviors.Incident reporting culture accounted for 13% of variance of attitudes. Results of the study provide suggestions for administrators of the hospital in planning strategy for patient safety and in in-service education for medical professionals
34
LI, HUI-JU, and 李蕙如. "Nurses Perception ,Behavior, and Their Associated Factors to Medical Incident Reporting system." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/51388119020540604300.
Анотація:
碩士國立雲林科技大學
工業工程與管理系
103
This research which has used questionnaire survey discussed the hospital clinical registered nurses’ cognition and behavior of the extraordinary events. It was anticipated that it could be found the influence on the correlation factors of the informing inclination between the nursing staffs. The questionnaire research was reckoned to be 14 days from Mar. 23, 2015 to Apr. 3, 2015. The research subjects are focus on the clinical nurses and the research materials are adopted the structured questionnaire. The survey was sent total 140 portions of questionnaires. There were totally 123 portions of efficiency questionnaires which included 135 portions of the teaching hospital questionnaires sent originally in Yunlin district and also 12 portions of ineffective questionnaires eliminated at last. The retrieved rate of these questionnaires reached to 88 percent. After coding, scoring and transforming the questionnaires, the author of this study used the statistic software SPSS 22.0 to doing statistic analysis. The discovery of the study: All the interviewers knew that the hospitals set the channel of informing extraordinary events and realized the extraordinary events informing can help to increase the security of the patients. The lower seniority staffs caused higher rate of the extraordinary event and the diverse seniority would bring difference on the informing inclination. This research revealed that there was significant difference on different ages, educational levels, job seniority and the employment seniority. If the hospital could aim at the high rate group of happening extraordinary event, enhanced and properly offered employment education and guidance caring, it would help to prevent the happening of extraordinary events from the nursing staffs.
35
Li, Xiu-Ying, and 李秀瑩. "Risk Perception of Food Safety Incident Categorization and Its Linkage to Repeat Purchase." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/14363707197327176945.
Анотація:
碩士國立中興大學
高階經理人碩士在職專班
102
Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare, has announced categorization of food safety risk levels on November 20, 2013, in Taiwan. The first category of food safety risk level refers to “immediate danger upon intake,” the second category refers to “poses no immediate danger but does not meet the food-sanitation standards as regulated by domestic laws and regulations,” the third category refers to “exaggerated labeling with fake ingredients or adulteration,” and the fourth category refers to “incomplete or nonfactual labeling.” The aim of risk categorization in food safety issues is to educate consumers about various risk levels involved with food safety incidents. Stratified sampling was applied in conducting surveys for this study following age and gender distribution of the population between ages of 18 to 59. In-person interviews were administered in Taipei, Taichung, and Kaohsiung. Total valid samples were 510. Survey results indicated that respondents thought the most risky food safety incident would be those classified in the second category of food safety risk level. Respondents overrated certain food safety incidents classified in the second, third, and fourth categories, indicating consumers may not be able to discriminate food safety risk levels as what have been promoted by Food and Drug Administration. Multiple regression analysis was applied in this study to examine the number of days respondents needed to resume their original consumption levels after food safety incidents occurred to estimate repurchase intention in approximation. Results indicated that risk perception of categorized food safety levels, overall trust of food safety in Taiwan, marital status, reshelfing of food items, household sizes significantly influenced number of days respondents needed to resume consumption levels. Results of this study revealed that perceived food safety risk categorization influenced repurchase intention. The higher the perception of food safety and risk categorization, the lower the repurchase intention after incidents occurred. Consumers tend to reduce consumption or delay purchase after food safety incidents to ease the possibilities of bearing the risk. Findings in this study can be beneficial for government administrative agencies to form a baseline in educating the general public regarding food safety risk communication.
36
Hao-Wei, Kao, and 高浩緯. "A Study of The Perception Difference of Roles in Incident on Crisis Situation－Strategy." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19760739823257878362.
Анотація:
碩士大葉大學
人力資源暨公共關係學系
98
Attempt to enrich the content of situational crisis communication theories and provide the reference material for crisis managers.This study, with the August 8th flood as its background and by a 2(general public、victims of August 8th flood)*7(crisis communication strategies)experimental design, explore the relationship between crisis situation、crisis response strategies、crisis response form and the effects of image repairing efforts. we found that: First, General public awareness of crisis situations has serious than the victims of August 8th flood. Second, Victims of August 8th Flood and the general public on the crisis response strategies have different expectations. Third, Organizations to adopt strategies to meet the expectations of the importance of the public. Fourth, Crisis situation is more important than crisis response form and content. Fifth, "Actively", " timely", " consistently " crisis response form on the relevance of the various effects of different crisis response strategies. Sixth, crisis response form had the mediation effect on the relationship between crisis communication strategies and image repair.
37
Pillay, Krishenthren. "Critical incident stress debriefing in the South African Police Services : trauma debriefers' perceptions." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/521.
Анотація:
The experience of trauma has been the focus of much attention in the media and in academic
literature. Many of these studies have explored the experiences of rescue and emergency
personnel, including the interventions used to help them deal with these experiences. Critical
Incident Stress Debriefing (CISD) is one of many preventative interventions that are used with
these traumatized personnel. However, there are many inconsistencies relating to the efficacy of
this intervention tool. Research that has investigated this issue has focused mostly on the
experiences of the traumatized person/so
The current study adopts a different perspective in that it explores the perceptions of practitioners
who this method of intervention. The importance of professionals evaluating their tools cannot
be overemphasized. These professionals would be in a better position to make suggestions
regarding the use of their tool. A qualitative study was conducted that investigated the
perceptions of six psychologists employed by South African Police Services (SAPS) the within
the Durban and Pietermaritzburg areas (KwaZulu-Natal). These psychologists were trained by
the SAPS to conduct trauma-debriefing sessions using the method ofCISD. The results
suggested that this method of CISD has value when used as a group intervention with
traumatized police officers but due to the continuous exposure to trauma, this method needs to be
adapted or changed for police officers. Furthermore, due to continuous use of this method and
the fact that it is the only method that is in use by the SAPS to intervene with trauma, many
police officers become too familiar with this method and it tends to have less of an impact.Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.
38
Charanza, Ashley. "Consumers' Dependency on Media for Information about Food Safety Incidents Related to the Beef Industry." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2011-08-10078.
Анотація:
Food safety has become an important topic in today's mainstream media. Food safety incidents, specifically related to the beef industry, have the potential to damage the beef industry severely, and negative coverage in the media can alter consumers' perceptions and attitudes toward the beef industry. This study examined consumers' media dependency during normal times when a food safety incident is not occurring or is not expected to occur and during times of a potential food safety incident. This study also compared rural, urban, and suburban respondents' media dependencies and described consumer perceptions of the beef industry. The target population was Texas A & M University former students registered with a valid email address in a database maintained by The Association of Former Students. An online questionnaire was created on surveymonkey.com and sent to respondents over a four-week time period.
Most of the respondents were educated, married, 50 years of age, and had some agricultural experiences. Respondents reported using more media during normal times than during a potential food safety incident. There was a level of concern among respondents toward aspects of the beef industry, such as use of antibiotics and growth hormones, and some concerns about respondent's health being affected by a food safety incident.
The researcher concluded that respondents use multiple mediums to receive information about any issue; therefore agricultural communicators should target consumer messages to multiple mediums. Messages also should be constructed to address concerns with the beef industry to ensure consumers that the beef food supply is safe. It was recommended that similar research be conducted during or immediately after a national food safety incident, and research could be conducted on a different population.
39
YUN, FEI SHI, and 費詩雲. "Impacts of Crisis Type,Prior Reputation,and Incident Involvement on Public Perceptions,Attitudes and Behavior Intentions." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/267ss7.
Анотація:
碩士大葉大學
人力資源暨公共關係學系
105
Our research uses experimental method to explore the effects of prior reputation, incident involvement, and crisis type to variables of effect, and prove if previous reputations have any protective effect, and to see if incident involvement will disrupt the affect of crisis type to variables of effect. Our research discover that prior reputations, incident involvement, and crisis types all have effects on public anger, organization reputation, and negative word to mouth. Prior reputations do have protective effects on accidental and preventable crisis, and the protective effects have better results on accidental crisis than preventable crisis, but have no effects on victim crisis. Incident involvements can only disrupt the effects of crisis types to public anger, but under the circumstance of previous reputations, it will change the disruption of incident involvement to crisis type. In other words, In other words, if an organization have better reputation, the public will have lesser negative opinion towards the organization due to its good reputation. Therefore, if an organization is willing to have an active interaction with its stakeholders, and build better image in the public minds, when the crisis occurs, a good reputation will be able to effectively reduce the impact of the crisis on the organization, and even to protect their reputation.
40
"Origines et modes de gestion des incidents disciplinaires par des stagiaires en éducation physique : perceptions des différents acteurs." Université catholique de Louvain, 2005. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-06212005-100658/.
41
Cunning, Doris Ann Stossel. "Using critical incidents to identify educational assistants' perceptions of effective work relationships between supervising teachers and educational assistants /." 2005. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=370763&T=F.
42
Tshamano, Humbulani. "Community perceptions of the role of women in witchcraft and witch-burning related incidents in Venda, 1989-1995." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/10733.
Анотація:
M.A. (Historical studies)The years 1980s and 1990s saw a different kind of violence in South Africa, especially in Venda. South Africa's long history of violence was always associated with the anti-apartheid struggle and a good example of this was the 1976 student uprising in Soweto. During the 1980s and 1990s many people accused of practicing witchcraft were killed and the perpetrators were showered with praises from all quarters of the community. It is believed that the majority of those who perished were women. This was possible because the idea that witches were women had gained fertile ground both at Fefe, Tshiungani and also in academic work. Many academic writers and popular memory showed little interest in women's role in witchcraft killings. Only men were viewed as comrades. These are the perceptions that this research will attempt to disprove. At the end statements such as witches were not always women, women were not always passive and finally, women were also comrades will be made, therefore disproving perceptions that people might have nurtured all along. This will be made clear by focusing on two case studies involving witchcraft violence.
43
Albukhodaah, Abdulrahman Abdullah. "Barriers and perceptions to medication administration error reporting among nurses in Saudi Arabia." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/103929.
Анотація:
Background: Medication administration errors (MAEs) are considered as a global problem
which influences the safety of patients. Due to some factors MAEs are still underreported.
However, MAEs have been under-researched in Saudi health settings. The reporting barriers
of fear, perception of nurses towards reporting MAEs, and the process of reporting
significantly contribute to failure to report. Understanding of factors that may inhibit
reporting MAEs among nurses in Saudi Arabia is a primary step to improve the safety culture
of hospitals. Furthermore, understanding nurses’ perception toward MAEs reporting is the
initial step to increasing the reporting rate.
Aims: (1) To identify factors from the literature that facilitate or hinder the reporting of
medication administration errors among nurses and (2) to identify factors that nurses perceive
as major contributors in the culture of reporting medication administration errors in Saudi
Arabia hospitals.
Methods: a questionnaire was developed consisting of four pages to examine the nurses’
perceptions and the potential barriers to the reporting of medication administration errors and
an open-ended question to seek more understanding of this topic among nurses in Saudi
Arabia. The questionnaire items included: demographics and background, nurses’ perceptions
of reporting medication administration errors and potential barriers to reporting MAEs.
Participants for this study were nurses from three hospitals in Saudi Arabia. The Statistical
Package for the Social Sciences Software the IBM (SPSS) Statistics was used to analyses the
quantitative data and content analysis was used to analyses the qualitative data.
Results: A total of 366 nurses participated in the study with response rate 63.3%. Nurses’
perception and awareness towards the importance of medication administration error
reporting were positive. The major perceived barrier was fear of the consequences after
reporting. This study found only 28.6% of nurses always reported MAEs when it occurs.
Nursing administration (Head Nurse, Nursing Supervisor and/or Nursing Director) was the
biggest concern affecting nurses’ willingness to report MAEs. Making the work environment,
a non-blame environment may encourage a greater reporting of MAEs.
Conclusions: Most nurses in Saudi Arabia’s hospitals believed that MAEs must be reported.
However, fear of blame or the possibility of legal action and administration factors lead to
underreporting.
Implications for nursing management: Nursing administration should work towards
establishing a blame free culture and support the safety culture to encourage reporting.Thesis (M.Nurs.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Nursing, 2016
44
Wilson, Jason. "Attitudes and Perceptions of Texas Public Safety Training Officers Regarding the Effectiveness of the National Incident Management System (NIMS)." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2009-12-7599.
Анотація:
This thesis sought to understand reasons for noncompliant respondents and ineffective leadership in the National Incident Management System (NIMS) by Texas public safety training officers. Research has been conducted on the policies and their implications for NIMS, organizational culture and its impact on NIMS, and the hierarchy network of the Incident Command System (ICS). However, research evaluating the attitudes and perceptions regarding the effectiveness of NIMS is scarce. Training officers from rural fire departments, emergency medical services, and law enforcement agencies were the population for this study (n=33). The results of this study have implications for combined fire department, emergency medical services, and law enforcement training (interoperability), simplification of the management structure, and a mentoring program. This study should be explored further in an urban setting, based on this model.
This study showed that respondents agreed that rural emergency responders tend to be noncompliant with NIMS. Respondents mentioned that rural emergency responders disagree with the effectiveness of NIMS. This study showed that a correlation occurred between the effectiveness of NIMS and the number of times a respondent was involved in a formal NIMS incident command.
The following recommendations were made based on the findings and conclusions of this study. Researchers should continue to look at what public safety training officers believe affects the adaptability of NIMS. Training officers should consider contributing to the future NIMS curriculum. Training officers should focus on interoperability issues through increased field exercises. Research should be conducted to determine what improvements to curriculum effect future NIMS compliance. Further research should be conducted on the effectiveness of individual compliance, and achievement.
45
Wu, Wen-Ying, and 武文瑛. "The Analysis of Risk Perception and Communication of the Government Governance on Food Safety Crisis–Take the Inferior Lard Incident for Example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/cn987s.
Анотація:
碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
103
The Inferior Lard Incident occurred in 2014, which the unscrupulous vendors made huge profits by using animal feed oil or recycled waste oil as cooking oil to sell. This has caused severe damage to Taiwan’s international image as a gourmet kingdom and impacted the public’s confidence in the government for food safety governance. In the process of dealing with the incident, the government delayed to disclose information about the controversy which made the public anxious and panic. In other words, the government did not take the responsibility for risk communication so the consumers couldn’t get immediate and proper food safety information. In addition, the faults from expert politics decision-making caused people to be directly exposed to the food safety risk. Faced with the food safety crisis, the public’s risk perception has such a dramatic change that the public’s awareness toward food safety has increased. The risk communication in government is based on understanding the public’s risk perception and immediately responding to the public’s demands. For a long time, our government policy only respected scientific evidence and expert governance. Such a phenomenon is in urgent need of review and change. There are three suggestions toward our food safety risk governance as follows: the first suggestion is that the government refers to the standards in the European Union, the United States, Japan and other countries to protect consumers as the top priority.Then, it should gradually amend our food safety regulations and adjust the domestic food safety regulations to integrate into the world system. The second suggestion is that the Executive Yuan should establish a permanent ‘Food Safety Committee’ as an open, independent and professional central administrative organization to coordinate all kinds of food safety issues. The third suggestion is that the government should refer to the risk governance standards or frameworks in the world, the United States and the European Union to strengthen our food safety risk governance mechanism with the five projects including ‘risk assessment’, ‘risk management’, ‘risk communication’, ‘precautionary principle’ and ‘citizen participation’. The government should maintain the public health in food safety and prevent future food safety incidents from happening again.
46
Lai, Hui-Chi, and 賴慧琪. "The Relationships among Consumer’s Perception of Business Crisis Strategy, Brand Image and Consumer’s Self-Confidence：A Comparative Study of Melamine-Laced Milk Products Incident." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45542054815321924166.
Анотація:
碩士淡江大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
98
The Melamine-Laced Milk Products event drew the issue of importing the Chinese products and a lot of well-known enterprises import the raw materials or products from China to reduce their costs. These behaviors result in the negative effect on the quality and safety of the manufactures because the inspection regulations are not clear and strict enough. How to win the customers’ trusts and recover their impressions when the enterprises are in crisis depends on their crisis management ability and strategy. This research introduces two different companies with different reactions and strategies when they are facing to the poisoned milk powder event. Then, this research probes into the relationship between the brand imagination and the Consumer’s Self-Confidence. This study gathers the samples by convenience sampling Method. Each respondent has to meet the requirement of having used both products of the two companies and they also need to know the history of the Melamine-Laced Milk Products event. The number of the valid sample is 162. We also interviewed all the respondent to compare their opinions on these two companies’ strategies. The analysis method in this research is T-test and we also test the relationship between the brand imagination and the customer confidence by correlation analysis and regression. The conclusion shows that different strategies will lead to different brand imaginations and customers tend to keep buying the brand of the Melamine-Laced Milk Products which he/she thought the imagination was better than the others before the poisoned milk powder event occured. Therefore, they will still trust the big brands in the market. Based on the conclusion, enterprises should try hardly to enhance their positive brand imagination when crisis occurs.
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Nqapela, Ntembeko. "The perceptions of human resources and industrial relations managers on the impact of the 2012 Marikana incident on industrial relations in South Africa." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/19979.
Анотація:
University of the Witwatersrand Discipline of Psychology
MASTERS RESEARCH REPORTThis study conducted a thematic content analysis qualitative methods approach to explore the perceptions of the “Impact of the 2012 Marikana labour unrest on labour and industrial relations in South Africa”. Perceptions of industrial relations stakeholder role efficacy; causes and consequences of labour-management conflict, intra-union conflict and inter-union conflict are discussed. Economic, political, sociological factors as well as the influence of group dynamics are discussed to frame the impact of the 2012 Marikana incident on labour and industrial relations in South Africa.
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Hove, George. "Perceptions of small business executives on determinants of performance in the construction industry in Gauteng, South Africa." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/19586.
Анотація:
Small businesses growth and profitability is a national problem in South Africa (SA) and the Emerging Contractors (ECs) in the construction industry in Gauteng Province are no exception. The SA government expect ECs to become the main players in economic transformation and growth, job creation and income generation. However, ECs fail to live up to the expectations as some are characterised by low performance levels and are at risk of business closure. The purpose of this research is to examine the perceptions of Small Business Executives (SBEs) on determinants of business performance so that a performance model that could guide ECs within the construction business is developed. The researcher used a mixed approach to examine the perceptions of SBEs on determinants of ECs’ performance by applying both qualitative and quantitative research approaches. The population from which the sample was drawn comprised of 1890 urban based ECs registered with CIDB in the construction industry in Gauteng. Systematic random sampling was utilized and a sample size of 501 ECs was used. A structured questionnaire and interview guide were administered as the data collection instruments. A pilot survey was conducted where 2 key informants (SBEs) and 15 respondents (SBEs) were interviewed as representatives of ECs. A survey was used to assess the four hypotheses in the study.
Content analysis was used to identify themes that emerged from qualitative data. The analysis of qualitative data demonstrated the perceptions of SBEs that financial factors, manpower, materials, machinery and equipment, project implementation, quality of work, legal and environmental and strategic planning were the main determinants that should be addressed when setting up and running construction businesses to reduce the negative impact on business performance. Based on the perceptions of SBEs, in quantitative, the univariate and multivariate statistical methods were performed to measure the level of significance between and among the performance determinants were tested at 5% confidence interval. Multiple linear regressions carried out based on the perceptions of SBEs identified strategic planning, project implementation and project performance as the most statistically significant factors in predicting the performance of ECs in Gauteng Province. The results from both qualitative and quantitative methods were synthesised and analysed through data transformation, typological development and case study analysis
and the perceptions of respondents indicated a strong agreement between the qualitative and quantitative results.
Based on multivariate results which were a result of the perceptions of SBEs, a performance prediction model was developed which is the core contribution of the study. The structure of the model, how it is used, its advantages and disadvantages were presented. The model provides a platform upon which ECs could predict performance and this would benefit ECs, clients, community and policymakers.
In conclusion, the study established three significant determinants that include strategic planning, project implementation and project performance as highly relevant variables to improve construction business performance. Based on the perceptions of the respondents, the study recommends ECs to acquire and develop financial management skills that would enable them to understand and manage financial requirements that stakeholders such as financial institutions need in the areas of budgeting and cash flow management, bookkeeping knowledge, financial policies and controls and project pricing strategy. On the shortage of skills, the study recommends SBEs to take an initiative role in training employees, motivating and retaining competent workforce. The government need to establish technical colleges for training workers (apprenticeship) in order to equip them with appropriate industry knowledge, skills and experience. Lack of collateral security was widely reported by most SBEs and the study recommends the formation of a sector bank that would support emerging contractor businesses.Business Management
D.B.L.
49
Chandler, Fiona Mary. "A phenomenological exploration of client experiences of trauma debriefing by lay counsellors." 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3705.
Анотація:
Magister Psychologiae - MPsychSouth Africa is a country with one of the highest crime rates in the world, resulting in much violence and trauma. Trauma debriefing models are used with groups and individuals in an attempt to facilitate the trauma recovery process and prevent the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There has been much debate on the efficacy of trauma debriefing over the past two decades with few qualitative studies exploring the utility of debriefing. A phenomenological methodology was used in this study, with the aim of understanding how participants experienced the process of trauma debriefing and what aspects were perceived as helpful or unhelpful. Semi-structured in- depth interviews were conducted with six adults who received debriefing following a single traumatic event, by volunteer lay counsellors from the Community Intervention Centre (CIC) based at the Milnerton Medi-Clinic.