Статті в журналах: "Inclined domain"

1

Sementsov, D. I. "Diffraction of Light from Stripe Domain Structure with Inclined Domain Boundaries." Crystallography Reports 45, no. 6 (November 2000): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1327666.

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2

Darinskii, B. M., and V. V. Gorbynov. "Instability of inclined 180° domain boundary in ferroelectrics." Ferroelectrics 98, no. 1 (October 1989): 235–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00150198908217584.

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3

Nakai, Tomoo. "Magnetic Domain Transition of Adjacent Narrow Thin Film Strips with Inclined Uniaxial Magnetic Anisotropy." Micromachines 11, no. 3 (March 8, 2020): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11030279.

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This study deals a phenomenon of magnetic domain transition for the stepped magneto-impedance element. Our previous research shows that an element with 70° inclined easy axis has a typical characteristic of the domain transition, and the transition can be controlled by the normal magnetic field. In this paper, we apply this phenomenon and controlling method to the line arrangement adjacent to many body elements, in which mutual magnetic interaction exists. The result shows that the hidden inclined Landau–Lifshitz domain appears by applying a distributed normal field the same as an individual element.

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4

Su, Yan. "Numerical Researches of Rectangular Barge in Variable Bathymetry Based on Boussinesq-Step Method." Advances in Civil Engineering 2022 (August 18, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2209394.

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Wave responses of the rectangular barge in variable bathymetry are investigated by combining the Boussinesq-type equations and the step method. The highly accurate Boussinesq-type equations in terms of velocity potential are adopted for simulating the evolution of waves along the inclined beach. Hydrodynamic coefficients of a rectangular barge floating on the inclined bottom are calculated by the step method in the frequency domain. Based on the impulse response function method, the motions of the barge can be predicted in the time domain. The Haskind relation is used to reform the wave exciting forces, and the mean offset in the sway motion is also given based on the mean drift force. The wave responses of the barge at different locations along the inclined beach are measured in the experiments. Compared with experimental results, the solutions of the Boussinesq-step method present an overall good agreement.

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5

Boonloi, Amnart, and Withada Jedsadaratanachai. "Thermohydraulic Performance Improvement in Heat Exchanger Square Duct Inserted with 45° Inclined Square Ring." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2020 (January 13, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3862624.

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Thermal performance development, heat transfer structure, and flow behavior in the heat exchanger square duct equipped with a 45° inclined square ring are investigated numerically. The effects of flow blockage ratios and spacing ratios for the inclined square ring on fluid flow and heat transfer are considered. The Reynolds number (Re = 100–2000, laminar regime) based on the hydraulic diameter of the square duct is selected for the present work. The numerical domain of the square duct inserted with the 45° inclined square ring is solved with the finite volume method. The SIMPLE algorithm is picked for the numerical investigation. The heat transfer characteristics and flow topologies in the square duct inserted with the inclined square ring are plotted in the numerical report. The heat transfer rate, pressure loss, and efficiency for the square duct placed with the inclined square ring are presented in forms of Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal enhancement factor, respectively. As the numerical results, it is detected that the heat transfer rate of the heat exchanger square duct inserted with the inclined square ring is around 1.00–10.05 times over the smooth duct with no inclined square ring. Additionally, the maximum thermal enhancement factor for the heat exchanger square duct inserted with the inclined square ring is around 2.84.

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6

Valera Sifontes, Rimary, Hédison Kiuity Sato, and Zoukaneri Ibrahim Moumoni. "Relief geometric effects on frequency-domain electromagnetic data." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 5 (September 2016): E287—E296. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0344.1.

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A perpendicular transmitter-receiver coils arrangement used in the frequency-domain electromagnetic survey can have deviations in relation to its standard geometric definition due to the relief geometry of the surveyed area when combined with large transmitter-receiver distance and large transmitter loop size. This happens because the local relief characteristics along the transmitter loop wire laid on the ground can deviate the equivalent magnetic moment axis from the vertical, and the global characteristics locate the transmitter and receiver positions at different elevations. A study about that is carried on here substituting the rugged relief by an inclined plane. We have developed a new formulation for the [Formula: see text]-layered model that allowed us to investigate the relief geometry effects on FDEM data but restricting the analysis to the two-layer earth model, considering three cases of transmitter-receiver situations controlled by the relief conditions. The curves representing the Argand diagram and the apparent polarization parameter as a function of the apparent induction number were obtained for each relief model. Such procedures resulted to be very useful to demonstrate their behavior departing from those curves obtained for an inclined and a horizontal ground. These results show that small deviations in the verticality of the transmitter loop axis or in the horizontality of the surficial plane causes significant deviations, even for angles as small as 1°.

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7

Lazoglu, Ismail, and Steven Y. Liang. "Modeling of Ball-End Milling Forces With Cutter Axis Inclination." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 122, no. 1 (February 1, 1999): 3–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.538885.

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In the machining of sculpture surfaces with ball-end mill, the cutter axis or workpiece is often inclined to generate an admissible orientation. This paper primarily presents an enhanced cutting force model for ball-end milling with cutter axis inclination. It involves the kinematic reasoning of cutting edge geometry, local helix angle and average chip thickness followed by the analysis of effects of axis inclination in the contact zone between cutter and workpiece. Thereupon, development of the analytical force model for inclined-axis machining is achieved using cutter angle domain convolution method. Experimental evaluation of the model is discussed, and experimental results and model predictions under various cutting conditions are compared in the frequency as well as in the angular domain. [S1087-1357(00)70601-0]

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8

Socolowsky, Jürgen. "ON A TWO-FLUID INCLINED FILM FLOW WITH EVAPORATION." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 18, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13926292.2013.756434.

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This paper is concerned with a plane steady-state inclined film flow including evaporation effects. The motion is governed by a free boundary value problem for a coupled system of Navier–Stokes and Stefan equations. The flow domain is unbounded in two directions and it contains a geometrical perturbation on the inclined bottom. Existence and uniqueness of a suitable solution in weighted Sobolev spaces can be proved for small data (perturbation, inclination of the bottom) characterizing the problem.

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9

Krawczyszyn, J. "Movement of the cambial domain pattern and mechanism of formation of interlocked grain in Platanus." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 41, no. 4 (2015): 443–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.1972.036.

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The orientation of splitting and uniting of rays, which served as an indicator of the orientation of morphogenic events occurring in cambium, was determined on series of veneers covering large tangential faces of <i>Platanus</i> trunks. It has been shown that cambium consists of orientational domains of Z- and S-type. They are perpendicular to, or slightly inclined with respect to, the trunk axis. Axial dimensions of domains are 8-28 cm. They move upward along the trunk, at a rate 6,5—12 mm, per radial mm of xylem porduced. Migration domain patterns are responsible for the formation of the interlocked grain.

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10

Zhu, Chang Jiang, and Wen Kui Zheng. "Research of Potential Inclined Intrusion Data Mining Method in Large Network." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 2024–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.2024.

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Network intrusion is shown in more and more concealment, and some intrusion data is potential with inclination property. This paper is aimed to mine the potential inclined intrusion data effectively, and ensure the security of large network. On the basis of the traditional fractional Fourier transform data mining method. An improved potential inclined intrusion accurate data mining algorithm is proposed. New algorithm can separate the time and frequency coupling effectively. The discrete fractional Fourier transform is implemented for the network intrusion data firstly. The data is gathered in the fractional Fourier domain, the inclined intrusion data accumulation is increased. The network signal interference is suppressed effectively. Simulation results show that the proposed data mining algorithm can extract the potential inclined intrusion data in strong concealment. The mining performance is much better than the traditional algorithm, and it can be applied in the network security defense area perfectly.

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11

Topolov, V. Yu, and A. V. Turik. "Electromechanical constants and their anisotropy in -type crystals having inclined domain walls." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 10, no. 2 (January 19, 1998): 451–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/10/2/024.

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12

Bahmyari, E., S. R. Mohebpour, and P. Malekzadeh. "Vibration Analysis of Inclined Laminated Composite Beams under Moving Distributed Masses." Shock and Vibration 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/750916.

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The dynamic response of laminated composite beams subjected to distributed moving masses is investigated using the finite element method (FEM) based on the both first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) and the classical beam theory (CLT). Six and ten degrees of freedom beam elements are used to discretize the CLT and FSDT equations of motion, respectively. The resulting spatially discretized beam governing equations including the effect of inertial, Coriolis, and centrifugal forces due to moving distributed mass are evaluated in time domain by applying Newmark’s scheme. The presented approach is first validated by studying its convergence behavior and comparing the results with those of existing solutions in the literature. Then, the effect of incline angle, mass, and velocity of moving body, layer orientation, load length, and inertial, Coriolis, and centrifugal forces due to the moving distributed mass and friction force between the beam and the moving distributed mass on the dynamic behavior of inclined laminated composite beams are investigated.

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13

Kim, Jeong-Seok, Bo Woo Nam, Kyong-Hwan Kim, Sewan Park, Seung Ho Shin, and Keyyong Hong. "A Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Performance of an Inclined OWC Wave Energy Converter with Nonlinear Turbine–Chamber Interaction based on 3D Potential Flow." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (March 6, 2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8030176.

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In this study, a time-domain numerical method based on three-dimensional potential flow was developed to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of an inclined oscillating-water-column (OWC) wave energy converter (WEC). A finite element method was applied to solve the potential flow around and inside the OWC chamber. A turbine–chamber interaction was considered to take into account the pressure drop inside the OWC chamber, which is a nonlinear function of airflow speed via turbine operation. The instantaneous pressure drop was updated on the free-surface boundary condition inside the chamber in the time-domain to account for the coupling effect between the turbine and the chamber. The present numerical method was verified by comparing it with the model test results. The hydrodynamic characteristics of an inclined OWC chamber in terms of potential flow, such as the water column motion and the three-dimensional flow distribution around the chamber, were investigated. In terms of hydrodynamic performance, the energy conversion efficiency of the chamber showed a nonlinear response characteristic dependent on the incident wave height. In addition, numerical calculations were carried out to clarify the relationship between the main geometric parameters and the hydrodynamic response of the inclined OWC chamber.

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14

Sagdatkireeva, M. B., V. V. Rumyantseva, and N. A. Khasanov. "Characteristics of the Periodic Fine Structure in Domain Walls in Vacuum-Deposited Films." Solid State Phenomena 190 (June 2012): 518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.190.518.

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The characteristics of the periodic fine structure in domain walls in oblique-evaporated films of quantum-well (QW) thickness with an easy-magnetization axis inclined with respect to the normal to the film plane has been studied. It is pointed out that the self-organization of domain structures is related to the quantum character of the cooperative phenomenon of ferromagnetism [. The spectrum of magnetoelastic waves has been calculated for films of iron type.

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15

Prato, A., F. Mazzoleni, and A. Schiavi. "Evaluation and correction of systematic effects in a simultaneous 3-axis vibration calibration system." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.1007.

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This paper presents a calibration method, recently realized at INRIM, suitable for the calibration of 3-axis accelerometers in frequency domain. The procedure, allows to simultaneously evaluate the main and transverse sensitivities on three axes by means of a single-axis vibration excitation of inclined planes. Nevertheless, the excitation system is subjected to spurious motions mainly due to the vibrational modes of the inclined planes and to the horizontal motions of the shaker. In order to provide the proper sensitivities to the 3-axis sensors, the evaluation of systematic effects is experimentally carried out and the related correction is proposed.

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16

Al-Farhany, Khaled, and A. Turan. "Double-Diffusive of Natural Convection in an Inclined Porous Square Domain Generalized Model." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 12, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v12i3.612.

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Numerical investigate of double-diffusive natural convection in an inclined porous square. Two opposing walls of the square cavity are adiabatic; while the other walls are, kept at constant concentrations and temperatures. The Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman model is used to solve the governing equations with the Boussinesq approximation. A code written in FORTRAN language developed to solve the governing equations in dimensionless forms using a finite volume approach with a SIMPLER algorithm. The results presented in U-velocity and V-velocity, isotherms, iso-concentration, streamline, the average Nusselt number, and the average Sherwood number for different values of the dimensionless parameters. A wide range of these parameters have been used including; Darcy Number, modified Rayleigh number, Lewis number, buoyancy ratio, and inclination angle. The results show that for opposite buoyancy ratio (N≤-1), the Nu decreases when the Le increases and the Sh increase when the Le increases. For an (N>0), the Nu increases when the Le increases until Le is equal to 1 and then it decreases, also Sh increases when the Le increases

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17

Nakai, T., H. Abe, and K. I. Arai. "Impedance-step phenomenon of thin-film GMI element with inclined magnetic stripe domain." Physics of Metals and Metallography 101, S1 (July 2006): S41—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0031918x06130138.

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18

Savchenkov, E. N., S. M. Shandarov, S. V. Smirnov, A. A. Esin, A. R. Akhmatkhanov, and V. Ya Shur. "Diffraction of Light on a Regular Domain Structure with Inclined Walls in MgO:LiNbO3." JETP Letters 110, no. 3 (August 2019): 178–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364019150128.

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19

Yoshida, Hidefumi, Tsutomu Seino, and Yoshio Koike. "Four-Domain Divided Inclined Vertical Alignment by Irradiation of Unpolarized Ultra Violet Light." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 36, Part 2, No. 11A (November 1, 1997): L1449—L1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.36.l1449.

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20

Barletta, A., and M. Celli. "The Horton–Rogers–Lapwood problem for an inclined porous layer with permeable boundaries." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 474, no. 2217 (September 2018): 20180021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2018.0021.

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A formulation of the Horton–Rogers–Lapwood problem for a porous layer inclined with respect to the horizontal and characterized by permeable (isobaric) boundary conditions is presented. This formulation allows one to recover the results reported in the literature for the limiting cases of horizontal and vertical layer. It is shown that a threshold inclination angle exists which yields an upper bound to a parametric domain where the critical wavenumber is zero. Within this domain, the critical Darcy–Rayleigh number can be determined analytically. The stability analysis is performed for linear perturbations. The solution is found numerically, for the inclination angles above the threshold, by employing a Runge–Kutta method coupled with the shooting method.

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21

Xiao, Yue, Bin Zhang, Moli Zhao, and Shaowei Wang. "Convective and absolute instabilities in inclined buoyancy layers." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 9 (September 2022): 094102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0110496.

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The linear instability of the buoyancy-driven flow adjacent to an inclined heated wall immersed in a thermally stratified medium is studied theoretically and numerically. For the temporally unstable system, spatiotemporal stability analysis is carried out to delineate the parameter space (Grashof number, Prandtl number, and tile angle) for convective/absolute instability. We provide an example of an absolute instability of the buoyancy layer on an inclined buoyancy layer. It is shown that the tile angle and Prandtl number have a dramatic influence on the spatial-temporal properties of the flow. For fixed Pr = 6.7, increasing tile angle decreases the domain of absolute instability, and when tile angle is greater than [Formula: see text], the absolute instability disappears. The flow will change from convectively unstable to absolutely unstable with the increase of Pr. Results from the direct numerical simulation are in agreement with the predictions of the linear temporal and spatial-temporal instabilities. These encouraging results should be helpful for understanding such a buoyancy-driven flow system.

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22

Denneulin, T., and A. S. Everhardt. "A transmission electron microscopy study of low-strain epitaxial BaTiO₃ grown onto NdScO₃." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 34, no. 23 (April 5, 2022): 235701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-648x/ac5db3.

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Abstract Ferroelectric materials exhibit a strong coupling between strain and electrical polarization. In epitaxial thin films, the strain induced by the substrate can be used to tune the domain structure. Substrates of rare-earth scandates are sometimes selected for the growth of ferroelectric oxides because of their close lattice match, which allows the growth of low-strain dislocation-free layers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a frequently used technique for investigating ferroelectric domains at the nanometer-scale. However, it requires to thin the specimen down to electron transparency, which can modify the strain and the electrostatic boundary conditions. Here, we have investigated a 320 nm thick epitaxial layer of BaTiO3 grown onto an orthorhombic substrate of NdScO3 with interfacial lattice strains of −0.45% and −0.05% along the two in-plane directions. We show that the domain structure of the layer can be significantly altered by TEM sample preparation depending on the orientation and the geometry of the lamella. In the as-grown state, the sample shows an anisotropic a/c ferroelastic domain pattern in the direction of largest strain. If a TEM lamella is cut perpendicular to this direction so that strain is released, a new domain pattern is obtained, which consists of bundles of thin horizontal stripes parallel to the interfaces. These stripe domains correspond to a sheared crystalline structure (orthorhombic or monoclinic) with inclined polarization vectors and with at least four variants of polarization. The stripe domains are distributed in triangular-shaped 180° domains where the average polarization is parallel to the growth direction. The influence of external electric fields on this domain structure was investigated using in situ biasing and dark-field imaging in TEM.

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23

Chou, Chen-Chia, and C. Marvin Wayman. "Determination of displacement vector on 180° domain boundary and polarization arrangements in lead titanate crystals." Journal of Materials Research 12, no. 2 (February 1997): 457–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1997.0067.

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180° domain boundaries in flux-grown lead titanate single crystals show intriguing domain boundary extreme fringe contrast using transmission electron microscopy. Symmetrically distributed domain boundaries with alternate contrast have been observed, indicating that opposite displacement vectors exist one by one at boundaries. If appropriate reflection vectors were employed, an inclined domain boundary shows reversed fringe contrast. An analysis based upon the two-beam dynamical theory and a rule similar to stacking-fault contrast analysis was employed to predict the geometric configuration of a 180° domain boundary using the extreme fringe contrast (EFC) behavior. Appropriately choosing reflection vectors and utilizing the EFC reversal, a displacement vector as well as the polarization vector arrangement across a 180° domain boundary can be unambiguously identified. Employing the information derived from diffraction patterns and a tilting experiment across a nearby 90° boundary, the whole polarization configuration can be uniquely determined.

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24

He, Dongyu, Xiujian Tang, Yuxin Liu, Jian Liu, Wenbo Du, Pengfei He, and Haidou Wang. "Phase Transition Effect on Ferroelectric Domain Surface Charge Dynamics in BaTiO3 Single Crystal." Materials 14, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 4463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14164463.

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The ferroelectric domain surface charge dynamics after a cubic-to-tetragonal phase transition on the BaTiO3 single crystal (001) surface was directly measured through scanning probe microscopy. The captured surface potential distribution shows significant changes: the domain structures formed rapidly, but the surface potential on polarized c domain was unstable and reversed its sign after lengthy lapse; the high broad potential barrier burst at the corrugated a-c domain wall and continued to dissipate thereafter. The generation of polarization charges and the migration of surface screening charges in the surrounding environment take the main responsibility in the experiment. Furthermore, the a-c domain wall suffers large topological defects and polarity variation, resulting in domain wall broadening and stress changes. Thus, the a-c domain wall has excess energy and polarization change is inclined to assemble on it. The potential barrier decay with time after exposing to the surrounding environment also gave proof of the surface screening charge migration at surface. Thus, both domain and domain wall characteristics should be taken into account in ferroelectric application.

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25

Stoilova-McPhie, Svetla, Bruno O. Villoutreix, Koen Mertens, Geoffrey Kemball-Cook, and Andreas Holzenburg. "3-Dimensional structure of membrane-bound coagulation factor VIII: modeling of the factor VIII heterodimer within a 3-dimensional density map derived by electron crystallography." Blood 99, no. 4 (February 15, 2002): 1215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v99.4.1215.

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Despite recent studies, the organization of coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) on a phospholipid (PL) membrane is not known in detail. Thus, 2-dimensional (2D) crystals of human FVIII lacking the B domain were prepared for electron microscopy onto negatively charged PL monolayers. The 3-dimensional (3D) density map of the PL-bound FVIII protein was calculated at 1.5 nm. Existing atomic data and models for FVIII domains were fitted unambiguously within the 3D density map of the molecule. FVIII domains arrangement followed a compact spiral organization with the A3 domains in close association with the C1 and C2 domains near the PL surface. Viewed toward the membrane the A domains' heterotrimer is oriented side-on with the pseudo–3-fold axis almost parallel to the PL surface and A1 fully covering C1. The C2 domain is partially overlapped by the A2 domain of an adjacent molecule in the 2D crystal, favoring close packing. Viewed parallel to the membrane, C2 is slightly inclined to the PL surface covering an area of 12 nm2. Four C2 loops are embedded within the lipid monolayer at about 0.7 to 1.0 nm depth. C1 forms almost a right angle with C2, its long axis nearly parallel to the membrane. The proposed structure for membrane-bound FVIII results from modeling of the FVIII domains within a 3D density map obtained from electron crystallography and accords with the main biochemical and structural information known to date. A model is proposed for FVIIIa and factor IXa assembly within the membrane-bound factor X-activating complex.

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26

CHO, I. H., and M. H. KIM. "Wave absorbing system using inclined perforated plates." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 608 (July 11, 2008): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112008001845.

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The interaction of oblique monochromatic incident waves with horizontal/inclined/dual porous plates is investigated in the context of two-dimensional linear potential theory and Darcy's law (the normal velocity of fluid passing through a thin porous plate is linearly proportional to the pressure difference across it). The developed theory is verified by both small-scale and full-scale experiments. First, matched eigenfunction expansion (MEE) solutions for a horizontal porous plate are obtained. The relationship between the plate porosity and the porous parameter is obtained from systematic model tests by using six porous plates with different sizes and spacing of circular holes. Secondly, a multi-domain boundary-element method (BEM) using simple-sources (second-kind modified Bessel function) is developed to confirm the MEE solutions and to apply to more general cases including inclined or multiple porous plates. The BEM-based inner solutions are matched to the eigenfunction-based outer solutions to satisfy the outgoing radiation condition in the far field. Both analytical and BEM solutions with the developed empirical porous parameter agree with each other and correlate well with both small-scale data from a two-dimensional wave-tank test and full-scale measurement in a large wave basin. Using the developed predictive tools, wave-absorption efficiency is assessed for various combinations of porosity, water depth, submergence depth, wave heading, and plate/wave characteristics. In particular, it is found that the performance can be improved by imposing the proper inclination angle near the free surface. The optimal porosity is near porosity P=0.1 and the optimal inclination angle is around 10° as long as the plate length is greater than 20% of the wavelength. Based on the selected optimal parameters (porosity=0.1 and inclination angle=11.3°), the effective wave-absorption system for MOERI's square basin is designed.

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27

Bijaksana, Satria, Siti Zulaikah, and Joseph Paul Hodych. "Magnetic Anisotropy and the Paleosecular Variation Record in Stalagmites from Njirak Cave, East Java: The Effect of Detrital Magnetite Emplaced in Small Cavities by Flooding Events." Indonesian Journal of Physics 20, no. 3 (November 3, 2016): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2009.20.3.4.

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Magnetic anisotropy and remanence were measured for 33 samples from the axis of two stalagmites from Njirak Cave in East Java. All 33 samples were stepwise demagnetized with alternating fields, but only 16 were stable enough to yield reliable characteristic remanence directions. These directions differ, especially in declination, from the present Earth’s field direction and agree for samples of about the same age from both stalagmites, suggesting that the Earth’s field at Njirak Cave maintained a declination averaging 23° and an inclination averaging −23° for most of the past 2,500 years. Anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility is high, averaging 5.8%. The minimum susceptibility axes are nearly horizontal with scattered declinations; whereas the maximum susceptibility axes tend to be steeply inclined (average inclination is 51°). This implies that the long axes of the mainly multi-domain magnetite grains tend to be steeply inclined (rather than horizontal, as expected if the magnetite were in horizontal detrital layers). We suggest that this is due to the magnetite being in flood-emplaced detritus adhering to the steeply-inclined sides of small (2 to 5 mm) cavities that cut across and are sealed off by the stalagmites’ horizontal calcite growth layers. Steeply inclined maximum susceptibility axes should help detect such stalagmites, whose quality of paleosecular variation record may be lowered by magnetite-bearing cavities.

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28

Zaytoon, M. S. Abu, Roberto Silva-Zea, and M. H. Hamdan. "A Modified Beavers and Joseph Condition for Gravity-Driven Flow over Porous Layers." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER 16 (July 9, 2021): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232012.2021.16.11.

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Gravity-driven flow through an inclined channel over a semi-infinite porous layer is considered in order to obtain a modification to the usual Beavers and Joseph slip condition that is suitable for this type of flow. Expressions for the velocity, shear stress, volumetric flow rates, and pressure distribution across the channel are obtained together with an expression for the interfacial velocity. In the absence of values for the slip parameter when the flow is over a Forchheimer porous layer, this work provides a relationship between the slip parameters of the Darcy and Forchheimer layers. Expressions for the interfacial velocities in both cases are obtained. This original work is intended to provide baseline analysis and a benchmark with which more sophisticated types of flow, over porous layers in an inclined domain can be compared.

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29

Hao, Guangbo, and John Mullins. "On the comprehensive static characteristic analysis of a translational bistable mechanism." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 230, no. 20 (August 9, 2016): 3803–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406215616418.

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Bistable mechanisms have two stable positions and their characteristic analysis is much harder than the traditional spring system due to their postbuckling behaviour. As the strong nonlinearity induced by the postbuckling, it is difficult to establish a correct model to reveal the comprehensive nonlinear characteristics. This paper deals with the in-plane comprehensive static analysis of a translational bistable mechanism using nonlinear finite element analysis. The bistable mechanism consists of a pair of fixed-clamped inclined beams in symmetrical arrangement, which is a monolithic design and works within the elastic deformation domain. The displacement-controlled finite element analysis method using Strand7 is first discussed. Then the force–displacement relation of the bistable mechanism along the primary motion direction is described followed by the detailed primary translational analysis for different parameters. A simple analytical (empirical) equation for estimating the negative stiffness is obtained, and experimental testing is performed for a case study. It is concluded that (a) the negative stiffness magnitude has no influence from the inclined angle, but is proportional to the product of the Young’s modulus, beam depth, and cubic ratio for in-plane thickness to the beam length; (b) the unstable position is proportional to the product of the beam length and the Sine function of the inclined angle, and is not affected by the in-plane thickness and the material (or the out-of-plane thickness). The in-plane off-axis (translational and rotational) stiffness is further analysed to show the stiffness changes over the primary motion and the off-axis motion, and a negative rotational stiffness domain has been obtained.

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30

Priam, Shadman Sakib, and Rehena Nasrin. "Oriented magneto-conjugate heat transfer and entropy generation in an inclined domain having wavy partition." International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 126 (July 2021): 105430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105430.

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31

Fukushima, Hiroshi, Yasutaro Uesaka, Yoshinobu Nakatani, and Nobuo Hayashi. "Switching times of a single-domain particle in a field inclined off the easy axis." Journal of Applied Physics 101, no. 1 (January 2007): 013901. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2402032.

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32

Nakai, T., H. Abe, S. Yabukami, and K. I. Arai. "Impedance property of thin film GMI sensor with controlled inclined angle of stripe magnetic domain." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 290-291 (April 2005): 1355–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2004.11.436.

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33

Izadi, Mahdi, Mohd Zainal Ab Kadir, Chandima Gomes, and Wan Fatin Hamamah Wan Ahmad. "Analytical Expressions for Electromagnetic Fields Associated with the Inclined Lightning Channels in the Time Domain." Electric Power Components and Systems 40, no. 4 (January 30, 2012): 414–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325008.2011.639130.

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34

Zhang, Q., E. V. Jull, and M. J. Yedlin. "Acoustic pulse diffraction by step discontinuities on a plane." GEOPHYSICS 55, no. 6 (June 1990): 749–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442886.

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High‐frequency acoustic pulse diffraction of a point source by step discontinuities in a hard plane boundary is analyzed with the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. Proper treatment of source and receiver locations at shadow boundaries provides a more complete analysis than before for the 90-degree step as evidenced by frequency‐domain numerical values. Time‐domain results for the 90-degree step, for a 30-degree inclined step, and for two offset half‐planes illustrate the significance of corner reflection and double diffraction missing from earlier numerical models based on Kirchhoff diffraction theory. Advantages in accuracy, computational efficiency, and scope of application of geometrical over Kirchhoff diffraction theory are indicated.

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35

Nakai, T., H. Abe, S. Yabukami, M. Yamaguchi, and K. I. Arai. "Impedance Profile of a HFC-Type Magnetic Field Sensor with Inclined Magnetic Domain Walls, and Method of Controlling the Domain Wall Angle." Journal of the Magnetics Society of Japan 27, no. 7 (2003): 832–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3379/jmsjmag.27.832.

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36

Ashford, Scott A., and Nicholas Sitar. "Analysis of topographic amplification of inclined shear waves in a steep coastal bluff." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 87, no. 3 (June 1, 1997): 692–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0870030692.

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Abstract The effect of inclined shear waves on the seismic response of a steep bluff is analyzed using generalized consistent transmitting boundaries. The results of the frequency-domain analysis of a stepped half-space subjected to incident shear waves inclined from 0° to 30° show that the motion at the crest of the slope is amplified for waves traveling into the slope and attenuated for waves traveling away from the slope, as compared to the motion in the free field behind the crest of the slope. This amplification can be as much as twice that observed for vertically propagating waves. A time-domain analysis of bluffs at Seacliff State Beach, California, is used to estimate the effect of topography using realistic conditions, taking into account wave inclination and site effects. The analysis of the site shows that although topographic amplification does in fact nearly double the amplitude of the motion in some cases, this amplification is offset by reduced site amplification and by wave splitting at material interfaces. Thus, the actual peak acceleration occurring at the crest of the slope changes little with incident angle as compared to the amplification of the free-field motion and actually decreases in many cases. Though a more general study is recommended, these results suggest that wave orientation and inclination substantially increase topographic amplification; however, it may be adequate to only account for vertically propagating waves for site response and slope stability analyses where only the magnitude of acceleration is considered.

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37

ANTUONO, MATTEO, ANDREW J. HOGG, and MAURIZIO BROCCHINI. "The early stages of shallow flows in an inclined flume." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 633 (August 25, 2009): 285–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112009007034.

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The motion of an initially quiescent shallow layer of fluid within an impulsively tilted flume is modelled using the nonlinear shallow water equations. Analytical solutions for the two-dimensional flow are constructed using the method of characteristics and, in regions where neither of the characteristic variables is constant, by adopting hodograph variables and using the Riemann construction for the solution. These solutions reveal that the motion is strongly influenced by the impermeable endwalls of the flume. They show that discontinuous solutions emerge after some period following the initiation of the flow and that for sufficiently long flumes there is a moving interface between wetted and dry regions. Using the hodograph variables we are able to track the evolution of the flow analytically. After the discontinuities develop, we also calculate the velocity and height fields by using jump conditions to express conservation of mass and momentum across the shock and thus we show how the hydraulic jump moves within the domain and how its magnitude grows. In addition to providing the behaviour of the flow in this physical scenario, this unsteady solution also provides an important test case for numerical algorithms designed to integrate the shallow water equations.

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38

Mackenzie Dover, Fionnlagh, Rahul Sharma, and Robertus Erdélyi. "Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Spicular Jet Propagation Applied to Lower Solar Atmosphere Model. II. Case Studies with Tilted Jets." Astrophysical Journal 929, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac5aa9.

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Abstract We report on numerical simulations of a propagating momentum pulse, representing an inclined jet structure in a stratified lower solar atmosphere model. Here, the numerical jets were generated via injection of a momentum pulse misaligned with the radial magnetic field, which resulted in a collimated structure that mimicked the observed inclined jet features in the chromosphere. The influence of inclination angle was examined for a variety of initial driver conditions (amplitude, period) and magnetic field magnitudes to identify their potential role in determining the morphological and dynamical characteristics of chromospheric jets. The numerical jets in our computational domain were consistent with the observed magnitudes of apex height and cross-sectional width for average inclination of chromospheric features. Furthermore, with an increasing misalignment between the momentum pulse and ambient magnetic field, the simulated structures showed a drop in the maximum apex height and length, while an increase in cross-sectional width magnitudes. Our numerical experiments also revealed the development of a pulse-like transverse motions in jets along with high density edges/nodes in the direction of jet displacement. It is postulated that dynamic kink instability might be responsible for the observed kinematic behavior of the inclined jet structures in the solar chromosphere.

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39

Abcha, Nizar, Tonglei Zhang, Alexander Ezersky, Efim Pelinovsky, and Ira Didenkulova. "Subharmonic resonant excitation of edge waves by breaking surface waves." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 2 (March 28, 2017): 157–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-157-2017.

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Abstract. Parametric excitation of edge waves with a frequency 2 times less than the frequency of surface waves propagating perpendicular to the inclined bottom is investigated in laboratory experiments. The domain of instability on the plane of surface wave parameters (amplitude–frequency) is found. The subcritical instability is observed in the system of parametrically excited edge waves. It is shown that breaking of surface waves initiates turbulent effects and can suppress the parametric generation of edge waves.

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40

Zhang, Fengzhen, Zhaochuan Zhang, Dongping Gao, and Xiaoyan Wang. "A 3-D Frequency-Domain Nonlinear Theory of the BWO With an Inclined Rectangular Electron Beam." IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 48, no. 9 (September 2020): 3040–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tps.2020.3013650.

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41

Koupa, Angeliki, Yorgos Stergiou та Aikaterini Mouza. "Free-Flowing Shear-Thinning Liquid Film in Inclined μ-Channels". Fluids 4, № 1 (10 січня 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids4010008.

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Among the most important variables in the design of falling film microreactors (FFMRs) is the liquid film thickness as well as the gas/liquid interfacial area, which dictate the mass and heat transfer rates. In a previous work conducted in our lab the characteristics of a free-falling Newtonian liquid film have been studied and appropriate correlations have been proposed. In this work the geometrical characteristics of a non-Newtonian shear thinning liquid, flowing in an inclined open microchannel, have been experimentally investigated and design correlations that can predict with reasonable accuracy the features of a FFMR have been proposed. The test section used was an open μ-channel with square cross section (WO = 1200 μm) made of brass which can be set to various inclination angles. The liquid film characteristics were measured by a non-intrusive technique that is based on the features of a micro Particle Image Velocimetry (μ-PIV) system. Relevant computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations revealed that the volume average dynamic viscosity over the flow domain is practically the same as the corresponding asymptotic viscosity value, which can thus be used in the proposed design equations. Finally, a generalized algorithm for the design of FFMRs, containing non-Newtonian shear thinning liquids, is suggested.

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42

Zeleke, Migbar Assefa, Edward Dintwa, and Kevin N. Nwaigwe. "Stress intensity factor computation of inclined cracked tension plate using XFEM." Engineering Solid Mechanics 9, no. 4 (2021): 363–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.esm.2021.7.002.

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One of the major successes in the field of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) is the groundwork of the stress intensity factor (SIF) computation. The approaches used to carry out SIF values may be analytical, semi-analytical, experimental or numerical. Each one of the above methods has its own benefits however the use of numerical solutions has become the most frequent and popular. Numerous schemes for the numerical computation of SIF have been developed, the J-integral method being the most popular one. In this article we examine the SIFs of an edge cracked two dimensional (2-D) steel plate subjected to tensile loading. Extended finite element (XFEM) computational scheme has been employed to estimate the values of SIF. The SIF values of cracks with different lengths and inclination angles (different configurations) have been examined by utilizing the domain based interaction integral approach. The effect of crack inclination and crack position on SIFs (KI and KII) has also been studied. The results obtained in this study were compared with those from literature and theoretical values and observed that they are in close agreement.

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43

Zhang, Rui Chong, and Alhamid Alamin. "Synthesis of Acoustic-Emission Wave Propagation in Multi-Layer Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1321–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1321.

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This paper presents synthesis of acoustic-emission (AE) wave propagation in multi-layer materials and simulation of AE wave responses at free surface. In particular, the AE source is modelled as an arbitrary-orientation dislocation over an inclined-to-surface fault within one layer or at the layer-to-layer interface, while the materials are assumed as multi-layer media, each of which is homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. With the use of the integral transformation approach, the three-dimensional wave propagation in the materials is solved in transformed or frequency-wavenumber domain. Subsequently, a closed-form solution for wave responses at free surface is found, which can then be converted in time-space domain. Numerical examples are finally provided for illustration.

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44

Zhang, Rui Chong. "Acoustic-Emission Wave Response to a Dislocation Source in Layered Media." Applied Mechanics and Materials 598 (July 2014): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.598.135.

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This paper presents synthesis of acoustic-emission (AE) wave propagation in multi-layer materials and simulation of AE wave responses at free surface. In particular, the AE source is modelled as an arbitrary-orientation dislocation over an inclined-to-surface fault within one layer or at the layer-to-layer interface, while the materials are assumed as multi-layer media, each of which is homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. With the use of the integral transformation approach, the three-dimensional wave propagation in the materials is solved in transformed or frequency-wavenumber domain. Subsequently, a closed-form solution for wave responses at free surface is found, which can then be converted in time-space domain. Numerical examples are finally provided for illustration.

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45

Dutta, Sunandan, Mitiko Miura-Mattausch, Yoshihiro Ochi, Naoto Yorino, and Hans Jürgen Mattausch. "Gyro-Sensor-Based Vibration Control for Dynamic Humanoid-Robot Walking on Inclined Surfaces." Sensors 20, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 7139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20247139.

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An efficient motor-control system for stable walking of the lightweight humanoid robot KONDO KHR-3HV on inclined surfaces is investigated. The motor-control system is based on the angular velocity of the pitch motion of the robot, which is detected by a gyro sensor attached to the robot torso and referred to as the angular-pitch velocity. The robot gait is analyzed for different downslopes with and without the motor-feedback control. A novel method of frequency-domain analysis of the angular-pitch velocity is proposed for explaining the reasons behind the instabilities of dynamic humanoid-robot walking on inclined surfaces. The results show, that a nonlinear nature of the motor torque, due to a force induced by the slope, gives rise to harmonics of the fundamental walking frequency of 1.73 Hz. These harmonics are the origin of the unstable robot walking. Additionally, the feedback-gain parameters KA and KH affect the amplitudes of the harmonics, which give rise to vibrations at a higher surface inclination. Increased surface friction allows a reduction of the feedback gain, which reduces this specific contribution to the harmonics and thus stabilizes the robot. To improve the walking stability on inclined surfaces, it is found that the damped natural frequency of the motor-control system must be kept lower than the fundamental walking frequency.

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46

Radhouane, Amina, Nejla Mahjoub Said, Hatem Mhiri, Georges Le Palec, and Philippe Bournot. "Dispersion of Twin Inclined Fume Jets of Variable Temperature within a Crossflow." Defect and Diffusion Forum 297-301 (April 2010): 936–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.297-301.936.

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This paper deals with the interaction of twin elliptic jets with a cooler oncoming crossflow. The jet nozzles are placed tandem with the main flows, three diameters one from another and initially inclined with a 60° angle. The exploration of the resulting flowfield was carried out numerically by means of the finite volume method together with the RSM (Reynolds Stress Model) second order turbulent closure model and non uniform grid system that was particularly refined near the nozzles. After validation with reference to PIV (particle image velocimetry) experimental data, the model was upgraded by discharging a non reactive fume from the jet nozzles and introducing a variable temperature gradient between the interacting flows. We focused mainly in the present work on the determinant role of the temperature gradient on the dispersion of the discharged pollutants within the domain. Such a study is likely to optimize (control, reduce, eliminate, etc.) one of the most alarming nowadays’ environmental concern: the atmospheric pollution.

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47

Wu, Chiu-Yen, Hsiu-Fang Lee, C. W. Chang, Hui-Chu Chiang, Yu-Hsia Tsai, and Hsueh-Erh Liu. "The Immediate Effects of Lavender Aromatherapy Massage versus Massage in Work Stress, Burnout, and HRV Parameters: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2020 (November 22, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8830083.

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Background. Occupational stress is a common issue faced by workers in every discipline. Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies, such as aromatherapy massage or massage, have antistress effects in the literature. The purpose of this randomized clinical trial with triple blinds is to evaluate the immediate effects of lavender aromatherapy massage for improving work stress, burnout, and HRV parameters of female employees in a university. Methods. A total of 53 subjects in experimental group whereas 57 subjects in control group completed interventions and measurement and led to power of 0.98. Inferential statistics, as independent t-test, paired t-test, and Chi-Square test, were performed to verify the expected relationships. Results. The present study found that subjects in experimental group reported a lower role stress and less inclined to type A personality trait after aromatherapy massage with lavender. For control group, only less inclined to type A personality trait was reported after receiving massage. For burnout, a significant lower personal burnout and work-related burnout were reported after aromatherapy massage whereas only increased client-related burnout was reported in control group. For HRV, both the experimental and control groups reported higher SDNN and RMSSD in time domain after intervention. Contradictory HRT and PSI in time domain were significantly lower after intervention. In frequency domain of HRV, both groups reported significantly higher value in VLF and HF. In addition, the experimental group reported significantly higher value in TP and LF after intervention. Conclusions. Both the lavender aromatherapy massage and massage did show immediate effect on different dimensions of work stress, burnout, and HRV. These two interventions can be applied as routine leisure activities by personal preference to reduce stresses occurring in work environment.

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48

Piau, Jean‐Michel. "Flow of a yield stress fluid in a long domain. Application to flow on an inclined plane." Journal of Rheology 40, no. 4 (July 1996): 711–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/1.550794.

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49

Kim, Jeong Phill, and Wee Sang Park. "Analysis of an inclined microstrip-slot-line transition with the use of the spectral-domain immittance approach." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 15, no. 4 (July 1997): 256–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2760(199707)15:4<256::aid-mop17>3.0.co;2-5.

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50

Li, Haiyan, Zanxia Cao, Guodong Hu, Liling Zhao, Chunling Wang, and Jihua Wang. "Ligand-induced structural changes analysis of ribose-binding protein as studied by molecular dynamics simulations." Technology and Health Care 29 (March 25, 2021): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-218011.

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BACKGROUND: The ribose-binding protein (RBP) from Escherichia coli is one of the representative structures of periplasmic binding proteins. Binding of ribose at the cleft between two domains causes a conformational change corresponding to a closure of two domains around the ligand. The RBP has been crystallized in the open and closed conformations. OBJECTIVE: With the complex trajectory as a control, our goal was to study the conformation changes induced by the detachment of the ligand, and the results have been revealed from two computational tools, MD simulations and elastic network models. METHODS: Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the conformation changes of RBP starting from the open-apo, closed-holo and closed-apo conformations. RESULTS: The evolution of the domain opening angle θ clearly indicates large structural changes. The simulations indicate that the closed states in the absence of ribose are inclined to transition to the open states and that ribose-free RBP exists in a wide range of conformations. The first three dominant principal motions derived from the closed-apo trajectories, consisting of rotating, bending and twisting motions, account for the major rearrangement of the domains from the closed to the open conformation. CONCLUSIONS: The motions showed a strong one-to-one correspondence with the slowest modes from our previous study of RBP with the anisotropic network model (ANM). The results obtained for RBP contribute to the generalization of robustness for protein domain motion studies using either the ANM or PCA for trajectories obtained from MD.

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