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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Income coefficient"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Income coefficient"

Pugachev, A. A. "Designing Income Taxation to Reduce Income Inequality in Russia: A Modeling Approach." Journal of Tax Reform 10, no. 2 (2024): 381–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2024.10.2.174.

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This study explores the possibility of adjusting income tax parameters to achieve a specific level of income inequality in Russia. The hypothesis is that by altering the personal income tax design, it is possible to reduce income inequality to a specified level, as measured by the Gini coefficient. Key parameters include the maximum progressive tax rate, the lower income threshold for increased rates, and the tax-free allowance (either differentiated or universal). To test this hypothesis, I modeled income inequality reduction using the Gini coefficient. The procedure involved optimizing incom

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Przekota, Grzegorz. "Wybrane koncepcje pomiaru nierówności dochodowych." Nierówności społeczne a wzrost gospodarczy 66, no. 2 (2021): 16–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/nsawg.2021.2.2.

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Determining the level of income inequality requires the adoption of a specific measurement methodology. The aim of the study was to review and discuss the methodologies used to measure income inequality. Four measures are presented, each based on different assumptions. These measures were the Gini coefficient, Theil coefficient, Kukuła coefficient and unevenness coefficient. The first three measures, and in particular the Gini coefficient, are commonly described in the literature, while the unevenness coefficient is the author’s proposal for measuring income inequality. The empirical material

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Zhao, Xiaomeng, and Lin Liu. "Income Gap Equalization Based on PSO Algorithm in Edge Computing Environment." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2022 (August 10, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8316982.

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In order to explore the current income gap, a method based on the PSO algorithm in the edge computing environment is proposed. PSO calculates and simulates bird flock foraging activities, the Frank Heppner biological group model, and the three rules in bird activities. After studying the activities of these natural creatures, abstract problems are quantified and similar models established. The Gini coefficient is calculated by using grouped data, and the grouping basis is also innovative. The quantile grouping method is adopted, which can effectively solve the difference between the concentrat

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Luptáčik, Mikuláš, and Eduard Nežinský. "Measuring income inequalities beyond the Gini coefficient." Central European Journal of Operations Research 28, no. 2 (2019): 561–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10100-019-00662-9.

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AbstractGrowing interest in the analysis of interrelationships between income distribution and economic growth has recently stimulated new theoretical and empirical research. Measures such as the head-count ratio for the poverty index or the widely used Gini coefficient are aggregated indicators describing the general extent of inequality without deeper insights into income distribution among households. To derive an indicator accounting for income distribution among income groups, we propose a new approach based on an output oriented DEA model where the input value is unitized to 1 for each c

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KITOV, Ivan. "ESTIMATES OF INCOME INEQUALITY ARE BIASED OR MISINTERPRETED." Theoretical and Practical Research in the Economic Fields 5, no. 2 (2014): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/tpref.v5.2(10).02.

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We considerdefinitions and measuring procedures of personal income used by three U.S. agencies as well as the evolution of household size distribution and reveal major quantitative inconsistencies in the reported figures of personal and household inequality. The problem with the inequality estimates reported by the Internal Revenue Service consists in the changing proportion of people with lower incomes. The increasing proportion of low-income population is misinterpreted as the growth in income inequality. The Census Bureau provides personal income distributions scaled from a small subset of

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Averina, O. V. "GENERAL TRENDS IN CHANGING THE STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS OF THE POPULATION MONETARY INCOME AT SUBJECTS OF THE FAR EASTERN FEDERAL." Regional problems 27, no. 4 (2024): 79–92. https://doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2024-27-4-79-92.

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The author analyzes the structure and dynamics of the population monetary income at subjects of the Far Eastern Federal District and outlines general trends in their change over the past 7 years, based on the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) statistical data, information from the Federal subjects executive authorities, and on expert assessments. Monetary income is the most important part of the population life standards, being one of the life quality main indicators, providing daily needs of the population, its economic well-being and, in this way, the efficiency of the economy. The

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CHEN, CHAU-NAN, TIEN-WANG TSAUR, and TONG-SHIENG RHAI. "THE GINI COEFFICIENT AND NEGATIVE INCOME: REPLY." Oxford Economic Papers 37, no. 3 (1985): 527–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a041708.

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Dr., Ogbonna Udochukwu Godfrey. "The Effect of Non-Interest Income on the Performance of Selected Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 4, no. 10 (2021): 1981–90. https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i10-21.

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This paper investigated the effect of non-interest Income on the performance of 6 selected deposit money banks in Nigeria, between 2015 to 2019. A panel regression model was used to determine the effect of non-interest income of the DMBs’ profitability. The variables used are: fee income, commission income, e-income, and foreign transaction income which also influence the profitability of banks were considered in the model for the study using Tobin-Q as the independent variable. The analyses was done using a panel regression model on the EViews 10+ software. The coefficients reveal that

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Šoltés, Erik, Małgorzata Gawrycka, Anna Szymczak, and Marta Kuc-Czarnecka. "Labour share and income inequalities in the European Union, taking into account the level of development of economies." Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy 18, no. 4 (2023): 941–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2023.030.

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Research background: The relationship between labour share and income inequality is a complex and multifaceted problem. Despite ongoing discussions among economists, there is still no consensus on the direction of the relationship between labour share and income inequality. Purpose of the article: The article aims to assess the impact of labour share on income inequality, which is measured in three ways: the Gini index of gross income, the Gini index of market incomes, and the Gini index of household disposable income. Methods: Dynamic panel data models were applied to estimate the relationshi

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Thuat Pham, Trong, and Thanh Thuy Cu. "Impact of urbanization on people’s income and proposing new livelihood strategies for people in urban areas." Problems and Perspectives in Management 22, no. 2 (2024): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(2).2024.10.

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This study was undertaken to examine the effects of urbanization on the income of people in Vietnam. The research utilized data from a survey of 597 people who were impacted by urbanization in Vietnam. Research methods included: (i) The T-test difference test method, which is a method used to examine the influence of urbanization on people’s income by comparing the income differential between persons in urban regions and those in rural ones; (ii) The least squares method was used to quantify the impact of various factors on the income of people in the study area. The study concludes that peopl

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Дисертації з теми "Income coefficient"

Lindell, Mattias. "Income Growth and Income Inequality in Danish Municipalities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-38324.

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Income growth and income inequality is an important theme in Economic research. It has been debated for decades whether income inequality hinders or enhances income growth. One of the classic models of this relationship was the Kuzenets curve which shows inequality against income per capita can be defined by an inverted U-shaped curve, over a period of time. The purpose of the paper is to see to see the relationship between income growth and inequality on a municipality level. To do this, four econometric panel data models were constructed with data gathered from Statbank Denmark. Log of incom

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Ismail, Abdullahi Abdi, and Muna Muse. "The effects of Income Inequality on Economic Growth." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29334.

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The effect of income inequality has been controversial issue for decades, which researchers have concluded conflicting results. Many researchers have found that income inequality is conducive on economic growth, while others found harmful effect. Hence, this paper investigates the impact of income inequality on economic growth by using the cross sectional analysis. The averaged data from periods of 2002-2006 were used and observations from 90 developed and developing countries were also used. We find that income inequality is negatively associated in economic growth.

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Yusuf, Sulman. "Income Inequality and Economic Growth : The Effect of Gini Coefficient on GNI." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-162577.

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Using panel data from 1960-2000 for 28 countries, this paper explores the relationship between inequality and economic growth.To mitigate the problem of endogeneity, dynamic panel data estimation technique such as difference GMM was used. Estimated results showed positive significant relationship in short to medium term between income inequality and economic growth. The results are robust to sensitivity analysis when the estimation was carried out by running the regression on sub samples to check if the sample selection influnces the results. The results obtained in this study oppose the commo

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Berhanu, Samuel. "Econometric analysis of household expenditures." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=474.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 189 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 131-140).

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Hult, Amanda. "Income inequality and economic growth : An investigation of the OECD countries." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-47283.

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Income inequality is in a majority of earlier studies more or less affirmatively agreed to be negatively related to economic growth. The underlying complexity of the connection lacks well-tried backing in the modern time. The main purpose of this research is to identify the relationship between income inequality and economic growth, but also the effects of other factors, such as human capital and investment. This is conducted with a panel data approach on 34 OECD countries with data over the period 1990-2010. Aggregate income inequality, represented by the Gini coefficient is used in the empir

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McHargue, Susan L. (Susan Layne). "A Comparison of Permanent and Measured Income Inequality." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1986. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500812/.

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The degree of inequality present in the distribution of income may be measured with a gini coefficient. If the distribution is found to empirically fit a particular distribution function, then the gini coefficient may be derived from the mean value of income and the variation from the mean. For the purpose of this study, the Beta II distribution was used as the function which most closely approximates the actual distribution of income. The Beta II function provides the skewness which is normally found in an income distribution as well as fulfilling other required characteristics. The degree of

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Palm, Frida, and Beckerath Maja von. "Skattens effekt på inkomstojämlikhet : En paneldatastudie av sambandet mellan inkomstskatt och inkomstojämlikhet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388661.

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Under 2000-talets början har inkomstojämlikhet ökat i världen. Det är omdebatterat vilka faktorer som ligger bakom och vilka medel som ska hantera problematiken. Uppsatsen undersöker ett av de vanligaste verktygen för att stävja inkomstojämlikhet, nämligen inkomstskatt. Syftet är att mäta vilken effekt inkomstskatt har på inkomstojämlikhet. För att uppfylla syftet tillämpas en instrumentvariabel regressionsanalys för att studera om inkomstskatt kan förklara inkomstojämlikhet i svenska kommuner under tidsperioden 2003–2017. Studien utmärker sig från tidigare studier inom området då en instrumen

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Krčma, Matěj. "Trade openness and income inequality in Eastern Europe." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-196991.

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The goal of the master thesis titled "Trade openness and income inequality in Eastern Europe" is to analyze the effects on income inequality changes in the population in the period of transformation from centrally planned economies to market economies in the last decade of the twentieth century. The first part of the thesis focuses on the development before the individual countries started to join the European Union. The subsequent liberalization in the early 21st century is evaluated in the second part of the thesis. The multiple regression analysis is used to estimate the effects. The data w

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Castoe, Minna, and Aalekhya Sanyal. "The Impact of Immigration on Income Inequality : Evidence from Sweden and the United States." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-44069.

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This paper studies data from a 25-year period in the history of Sweden and the US, ranging from 1993 to 2017. The aim of the thesis was to investigate the impact of immigration on the income inequality of the respective countries while also considering the impact of other specific variables. In order to estimate the impact of the variables, both static and dynamic models were used, with the Gini coefficient being the dependent variable. With the ordinary least square giving short-run estimates and the error correction model providing short- and long- run estimates simultaneously, the main vari

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McGuire, Joshua. "Inequality as a determinant of growth in a panel of high income countries." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/584.

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This paper empirically examines the effect of income inequality on economic growth in a sample of 69 high income economies. It uses an improved inequality dataset developed by the World Institute for Development Economics Research and panel estimation techniques in an ordinary least squares regression. The results provide robust empirical evidence that rising levels of income inequality have adverse effects on growth in high income countries and indicate that, on average, a one standard deviation increase in income inequality will decrease growth by 67.91%. Results from the regression also sug

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Книги з теми "Income coefficient"

1957-, Slottje Daniel Jonathan, and Raj Baldev 1941-, eds. Income inequality, poverty, and economic welfare. Physica-Verlag, 1998.

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Leibbrandt, M. V. The contribution of income components to income inequality in South Africa: A decomposable Gini analysis. World Bank, 1996.

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Ramachandran, K. S. Marketing strategies vis-à-vis income disparities: Gini coefficient for managers. J.K. Business School, 2009.

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Sloan, Luke, and Rob Angell. Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient and the General Social Survey (2012): Income and Political Influence. SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937987.

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Sloan, Luke, and Rob Angell. Spearman’s Rank-Order Correlation Coefficient and the General Social Survey (2012): Highest Level of Education and Income. SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937857.

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Gianni, Betti, and Lemmi Achille, eds. Advances on income inequality and concentration measures. Routledge, 2008.

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Sloan, Luke, and Rob Angell. Pearson's Correlation Coefficient and the UK Living Cost and Food Survey (2010): The Relationship Between Income and Expenditure. SAGE Publications, Ltd., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781473937994.

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Razavi, Shahra, Umberto Cattaneo, Helmut Schwarzer, and Andrea Visentin. Combating inequalities. ILO, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.54394/eoay4970.

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The primary aim of this study is to provide evidence regarding the impact of social protection benefits, taxes and social security contributions in reducing income inequalities. The study employs a well-established methodology to estimate the partial redistributive effect of contributory and non-contributory pensions, family benefits, unemployment benefits, sickness and employment injury benefits, disability benefits, social security contributions, as well as income and property taxes. The partial redistributive effect corresponds to the percentage decrease in the Gini coefficient that is attr

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Marketing strategies vis-a-vis income disparities: Gini coefficient for managers. J.K. Business School, 2009.

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Marketing strategies vis-a-vis income disparities: Gini coefficient for managers. J.K. Business School, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Income coefficient"

Prados de la Escosura, Leandro. "Inequality and Poverty." In Frontiers in Economic History. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-60792-9_5.

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AbstractThis chapter assesses how the rewards of sustained economic growth were distributed over time. The evolution of income inequality resembles a wide inverted U with a peak in 1916, and a Kuznets curve results when the Gini coefficient is plotted against real per capita income. The functional distribution of income led personal income distribution until the early 1950s, while the dispersion of labour incomes took over from then onwards. Although growth and inequality do not move together over time, in the last century, the main phases of economic growth went hand-in-hand with inequality d

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Hipp, John R., and Jae Hong Kim. "Income Inequality and Economic Segregation in Los Angeles from 1980 to 2010." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_19.

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AbstractRising income inequality is a critical problem in both the global North and South. In the United States, the Gini coefficient measuring nationwide income inequality rose from 0.403 in 1980 to 0.480 in 2014 (US Census), and residential segregation by income has increasingly occurred in many metropolitan regions and is particularly reflected in the spatial separation of the wealthiest households. This chapter focuses on the change in the level of income inequality in the Los Angeles region since 1980 and how it is related to changes in residential segregation between economic groups over

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Qi, Xinxia, Qi Jia, and Wenxiong Wu. "Research on Numerical Simulation Study of Solidification Heat Transfer Coefficient of Extra-Wide Slab." In Proceedings of IncoME-VI and TEPEN 2021. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99075-6_28.

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Smith, Janet L., Zafer Sonmez, and Nicholas Zettel. "Growing Income Inequality and Socioeconomic Segregation in the Chicago Region." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_18.

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AbstractIncome inequality in the United States has been growing since the 1980s and is particularly noticeable in large urban areas like the Chicago metro region. While not as high as New York or Los Angeles, the Gini Coefficient for the Chicago metro area (.48) was the same as the United States in 2015 but rising at a faster rate, suggesting it will surpass the US national level in 2020. This chapter examines the Chicago region’s growing income inequality since 1980 using US Census data collected in 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015, focusing on where people live based on occupation as well as incom

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Yue, Kun, Hui Ye, Liming Wang, Wenbing Huang, and Qiang Zeng. "An Improved Friction Coefficient Calculation Model for Gear Pair with Spalling Fault." In Proceedings of the UNIfied Conference of DAMAS, IncoME and TEPEN Conferences (UNIfied 2023). Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-49421-5_95.

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Işık, Oğuz. "Residential Segregation in a Highly Unequal Society: Istanbul in the 2000s." In The Urban Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_15.

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AbstractContrary to trends in many European countries, income inequality in Turkey, measured by the Gini coefficient, has declined between 1994 and 2014, with a small but consistent increase since then. Turkish income inequality is among the highest in OECD countries, with levels not lower than 0.4. This chapter will examine residential socio-economic segregation in Istanbul against the backdrop of this relatively stable and high-income inequality. The chapter shows signs that residential segregation is on the rise. Istanbul has undergone a radical change in the 2000s thanks to active interven

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Belciu, Anda, Alexandra Maria Ioana Corbea, Vlad Diaconita, and Iuliana Simonca. "Exploring the Relationship Between Income Inequality and Education: An Analysis Using PISA Test Results and the Gini Coefficient." In Proceedings of 22nd International Conference on Informatics in Economy (IE 2023). Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-6529-8_5.

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Kang, Yang, Zizhen Qiu, Hao Zhang, Zhanqun Shi, Fengshou Gu, and Andrew Ball. "A Model-Based Iteration Method of the Estimation for the Bearings Dynamic Coefficients." In Proceedings of IncoME-V & CEPE Net-2020. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75793-9_68.

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Sathish, S., V. Anandakrishnan, V. Dillibabu, Duraiselvam Muthukannan, and N. Balamuralikrishnan. "Optimization of Coefficient of Friction for Direct Metal Laser Sintered Inconel 718." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6374-0_43.

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Smithers, Andrew. "The Problem of Income Inequality." In Productivity and the Bonus Culture. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836117.003.0007.

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Living standards change in line with GDP per head only if the distribution of incomes is unchanged. If incomes become less equally distributed the living standards of most people will fall even if GDP per head is stable. The Gini Coefficient is the most widely used indicator designed to measure the distribution of income. UK inequality, on this measure, has risen since 1977, stabilized since 1987, and fallen in recent years. In the US there has been a long-term increase in income inequality. Unless this US trend for increased income inequality halts, it is quite likely that even if GDP per hea

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Income coefficient"

MacKenzie, D. Scott, and Xiaoyu Zhang. "Examination of an Agitation Apparatus used for Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients as a Function of Flow and Surface Temperature." In IFHTSE 2024. ASM International, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.ifhtse2024p0001.

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Abstract Quenching in a fluid is a complex process. There are several different heat transfer mechanisms that may be occurring at the same time, with the heat transfer coefficients changes as a function of position (x, y, z) and surface temperature on the same part. This is further complicated by having multiple different parts in the same load. Agitation, racking of the parts and the quench tank design all play a role in the resultant properties and distortion of a given part. Further complicating this problem, is that there are multiple methods to measure quenching performance. In this paper

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Evitts, R. W., M. M. A. Gad, M. K. Watson, and J. Postlethwaite. "Crevice Corrosion of Nickel Alloys at Elevated Temperatures: Experimental and Modelling Studies." In CORROSION 1993. NACE International, 1993. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1993-93601.

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Abstract Crevice corrosion of Inconel 625 and other metals at high temperatures is currently being investigated. In order to model the effects of temperature on the initiation of crevice corrosion, values for a large number of parameters including diffusion coefficients, ion mobilities, equilibrium constants, passive currents and critical crevice pH values must be determined. Potentiodynamic studies have been used to determine the critical pH for crevice corrosion, using both the Oldfield and Sutton, and Crolet criteria. It has been found that the critical pH as defined by Oldfield and Sutton

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Wan, Xingcheng. "An Impact Factors model of income distribution based on GINI coefficient." In 2021 International Conference of Social Computing and Digital Economy (ICSCDE). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icscde54196.2021.00022.

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Jiang, Yanfeng. "Regional Income, Labor Income Tax and Human Capital Accumulation -Based on the test of panel data model with variable coefficient." In 2014 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering, Knowledge Engineering and Information Engineering (SEKEIE 2014) ). Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/sekeie-14.2014.23.

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Arum, Mega, Meutia Meutia, Elvin Bastian, and Windu Mulyasari. "Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Financial Performance, Slack Resources, and Income Response Coefficient." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Sustainability in Technological, Environmental, Law, Management, Social and Economic Matters, ICOSTELM 2022, 4-5 November 2022, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.4-11-2022.2328924.

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Wang, Yitong, Bai Liu, Xiangyi Zhang, Runhua Shi, and Mingwu Zhang. "A Gini Coefficient Measurement Method of Income Distribution Gap Based on Privacy-preservation." In 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICSIP). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsip52628.2021.9688722.

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Ji Yan and Liu Hong. "Positive analysis of impacts on tourism income growth based on information Resources Abundance Coefficient Model." In 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5914491.

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Rusu, Ciprian-Daniel. "Reducing inequality as a vector for sustainable development: an analysis of sustainable development objective 10 in the European Union." In International scientific conference "Development Through Research and Innovation" IDSC-2025. Academy of Economic Studies, 2025. https://doi.org/10.53486/dri2025.39.

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This study aims to explore the literature on the realization of Goal 10, "Reduced inequality" of Agenda 30, and the extent to which reducing inequality contributes to sustainable development in 27 countries in Europe. The methodology used to achieve the proposed goal consists of observation, comparison, scientific reading. Multiple regression method was used to analyze the statistical data. It was determined that the independent variable is the GINI coefficient. For a rigorous substantiation, the study is supported in parallel by Pearson coefficient calculation and scatter plot. The results sh

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Bal, Harun, Neşe Algan, Müge Manga, and Esra Ballı. "The Determinants of Middle Income Trap: The Case of Turkey." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01688.

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The term “middle income trap” was firstly used in the World Bank’s Report titled “An East Asian Renaissance Ideas for Economic Growth” (2007), which then swiftly gained wide currency. According to this report, some countries that failed to align themselves with the requirements of changes and diversification of 21st century would remain in their respective income bracket. As long as the labor force of a given middle income country is not gradually transferred from the agriculture sector operating with low levels of productivity into the manufacturing sector which produces high added value prod

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Poyraz, Gülden, and Duygu Kalkay. "Examination of the Relationship Between the Stock Market and Income Inequality by B-VAR Method." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02789.

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The relationship between financialization and income distribution stands out with globalization. The financial system plays an important role in the generation and distribution of income. In this context, the aim of the study is to analyze the relationship between stock markets and income inequality in Türkiye. The study analyzes whether there is a long-run relationship between the series for the period 2002-2021 using the B-VAR method, which allows estimating the relationship between indicators with a priori information. Thus, the impact of changes in the stock market on the probability of af

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Звіти організацій з теми "Income coefficient"

Espino, Emilio, and Martín González Rozada. Automatic Stabilization and Fiscal Policy: Some Quantitative Implications for Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011425.

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This paper provides an estimation of the size of income and demand automatic stabilizers in a representative sample of Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. The authors find that when a negative unemployment shock hits the economy, the size of income and demand automatic stabilizers coefficients is much smaller than the size of these coefficients in Europe and the United States. This evidence suggests that there is room for policies that can enlarge the absorption by these coefficients as a way to contribute to macroeconomic stability in LAC countries. The paper analyzes four policies

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Lasso-Valderrama, Francisco, and Carmiña O. Vargas. Distribution, Inequality and Poverty in Colombia: An Assessment of the Contribution of the Minimum Wage. Banco de la República, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1279.

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In Colombia, 50% of labor income is lower than the legal MW level. It is in this context that we analyze the effect of increasing MW on labor income distribution and its inequality, household income distribution and its inequality, and on monetary poverty prevalence. Specifically, we study the unconditional quantiles to establish whether there are differential effects for low quantiles, for those closer to MW, and for higher quantiles. We perform this analysis for different occupational groups. We also assess the effects of MW relative to median on labor income inequality, measured by its Gini

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Chong, Alberto E., and Mauricio Olivera. On Compulsory Voting and Income Inequality in a Cross-Section of Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010843.

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This paper explores the link between compulsory voting and income distribution using a cross-section of countries around the world. Our empirical cross-country analysis for 91 countries during the period 1960-2000 shows that compulsory voting, when enforced strictly, improves income distribution, as measured by the Gini coefficient and the bottom income quintiles of the population. Our findings are robust to changes and additions to our benchmark specification. Since poorer countries suffer from relatively greater income inequality, it might make sense to promote such voting schemes in develop

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Alvaredo, Facundo, François Bourguignon, Francisco H. G. Ferreira, and Nora Lustig. Seventy-five Years of Measuring Income Inequality in Latin America. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005211.

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Drawing on a comprehensive compilation of quantile shares and inequality measures for 34 countries, including over 5,600 estimated Gini coefficient, we review the measurement of income inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean over the last seven decades. Although the evidence from the first quarter century roughly until the 1970s is too fragmentary and difficult to compare, clearer patterns emerge for last fifty years. The central feature of these patterns is a broad inverted U curve, with inequality rising in most countries prior to the 1990s, and falling during the early 21st Century, a

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Doorley, Karina, Michele Gubello, and Dora Tuda. Drivers of Income Inequality in Ireland and Northern Ireland. ESRI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26504/rs196.

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The distribution of income differs in Ireland and Northern Ireland. Historically, Northern Ireland has been marked by lower levels of income and lower income inequality. The Gini coefficient, a widely used measure of income inequality which increases as income becomes more dispersed, has averaged 0.29 in Northern Ireland and slightly more than this, at 0.31 in Ireland, between 2003 and 2019. Using harmonised microsimulation models for Ireland (SWITCH) and Northern Ireland (UKMOD), we simulate the Gini coefficient to be 0.26 in Northern Ireland and 0.28 in Ireland in 2019, although these point

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Jimenez Mori, Raul Alberto, and Ariel Yépez-García. Composition and Sensitivity of Residential Energy Consumption. Inter-American Development Bank, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011757.

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Understanding how energy use evolves at different stages of development is essential for reliable prospective analysis and planning. With that aim in mind, this paper examines the composition of residential energy consumption and its sensitivity to income changes, distinguishing fuel types and accounting for complete heterogeneity of the income coefficient. The focus on domestic energy use allows for the examination of fuel transition under the conceptual framework of the energy ladder and energy portfolio hypotheses, showing the increasing need for modern fuels in the household sector. The re

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Roca, Jerónimo, Luiz Arruda Villela, and Alberto Daniel Barreix. Fiscal Policy and Equity: Estimation of the Progressivity and Redistributive Capacity of Taxes and Social Public Expenditure in the Andean Countries. Inter-American Development Bank, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008525.

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This study summarizes the assessment of the impact of fiscal policies on equity in the Andean countries. It evaluates the outcome of the main taxes and social public expenditures on income distribution applying a homogeneous methodology. The full effect of taxes is slightly regressive due to a weak personal income tax collection. The accumulated public social expenditure has a much higher redistributive impact. It improves the Gini coefficient by 5 percentage points, however, close to half the effect of developed economies (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development - OECD). Conside

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Fee, Kyle D. Income Inequality and Economic Growth in United States Counties: 1990s, 2000s and 2010s. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202505.

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Using a common reduced-form regional growth model framework, an expanded geographic classification of counties, additional years of data, a trio of income inequality metrics, and multiple empirical specifications, this analysis confirms and builds upon the notion that the nature of the relationship between income inequality and economic growth varies across geography (Fallah and Partridge, 2007). A positive relationship between an income Gini coefficient and per capita income growth is observed only in central metro counties with population densities greater than 915 people per square mile or

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Gálvez, Julio, and Gonzalo Paz-Pardo. Richer earnings dynamics, consumption and portfolio choice over the life cycle. Banco de España, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/23706.

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Households face earnings risk which is non-normal and varies by age and over the income distribution. We show that, in the context of a structurally estimated life-cycle portfolio choice model, allowing for these rich features of earnings dynamics helps to better understand the limited participation of households in the stock market and their low holdings of risky assets. Because households are subject to more background risk than previously considered, the estimated model implies a substantially lower coefficient of risk aversion and a lower optimal risky asset share for older workers with lo

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เจริญสุข, ประโยชน์. โครงการวิจัยเรื่องความยากจนและความไม่เท่าเทียมกันด้านรายได้ของประชาชนใน 5 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้ : ปัตตานี ยะลา นราธิวาส สตูลและสงขลา (ปีที่1): รายงานฉบับสมบูรณ์. จุฬาลงกรณ์มหาวิทยาลัย, 2011. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.res.2011.130.

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โครงการวิจัยเรื่อง ความยากจนและความไม่เท่าเทียมกันด้านรายได้ของประชาชนใน 5 จังหวัดชายแดนภาคใต้: ปัตตานี ยะลา นราธิวาส สตูล และสงขลา มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อทบทวนข้อมูลพื้นฐานสภาพทั่วไปและสถานการณ์ด้านเศรษฐกิจ สังคม ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติและสิ่งแวดล้อมของพื้นที่กลุ่มจังหวัดชายแดนใต้ 5 จังหวัด โดยมีขอบเขตการทบทวนเอกสารงานวิจัยที่เกี่ยวข้องกับภาวะความยากจนและการกระจายรายได้จากค่าสัมประสิทธิ์จีนี่และ Income Quintile (ความแตกต่างระหว่างขั้นรายได้) รวมไปถึงการศึกษาข้อมูลพื้นฐานด้านสังคม สถานการณ์ความไม่สงบ ทรัพยากรธรรมชาติและสิ่งแวดล้อม ยุทธศาสตร์การพัฒนาพื้นที่และความร่วมมือระหว่างประเทศ ที่มีผลต่อความยากจนแล

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