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Статті в журналах з теми "Income distribution"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 25 липня 2025

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1

Khakhulina, Liudmila A., and Milan Tuček. "Income Distribution." Sociological Research 35, no. 1 (1996): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/sor1061-0154350120.

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2

Ravi Kanbur, S. M., and Jan-Olov Stromberg. "Income transitions and income distribution dominance." Journal of Economic Theory 45, no. 2 (1988): 408–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(88)90278-5.

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3

Lambert, Sue. "Income Distribution Surveys." Australian Economic Review 29, no. 3 (1996): 320–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8462.1996.tb00938.x.

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4

Stark, Oded, Fryderyk Falniowski, and Marcin Jakubek. "Consensus Income Distribution." Review of Income and Wealth 63, no. 4 (2017): 899–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12291.

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5

Khamnei, Hossein Jabbari, Sajad Nikannia, Masood Fathi, and Shahryar Ghorbani. "Modeling income distribution: An econophysics approach." Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering 20, no. 7 (2023): 13171–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023587.

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<abstract><p>This study aims to develop appropriate models for income distribution in Iran using the econophysics approach for the 2006–2018 period. For this purpose, the three improved distributions of the Pareto, Lognormal, and Gibbs-Boltzmann distributions are analyzed with the data extracted from the target household income expansion plan of the statistical centers in Iran. The research results indicate that the income distribution in Iran does not follow the Pareto and Lognormal distributions in most of the study years but follows the generalized Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution f

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6

Findeis, Jill L., and Venkateshwar K. Reddy. "Decomposition of Income Distribution Among Farm Families." Northeastern Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics 16, no. 2 (1987): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0899367x00001495.

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The greater reliance of U.S. farm families on off-farm income has implications for the structure of agriculture and the distribution of income within agriculture. Using annual data on farm households from the Current Population Survey, the degree of income inequality for the U.S. and by region is assessed for 1984. The distribution of income among farm families is decomposed by income source. Off-farm income is shown to contribute to higher average incomes and reduce income inequality at the margin, but only in regions where full-time farming predominates. In the Northeast and South, increases

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7

Kalleitner, Fabian, and Sandra Bohmann. "The Inequity Z: Income Fairness Perceptions in Europe across the Income Distribution." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312311671. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231167138.

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Using data from the European Social Survey, we examine income fairness evaluations of 17,605 respondents from 28 countries. Respondents evaluated the fairness of their own incomes as well as the fairness of the incomes of the top and bottom income deciles in their countries. Depicted on a single graph, these income fairness evaluations take on a Z-shaped form, which we call the “inequity Z”. The inequity Z reveals an extensive level of consensus within each country regarding the degree of unfairness of top and bottom incomes. With rising income, respondents consistently judge their own incomes

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8

Humaida, Banu Samsudin, and Aina Mohd Mokhtar Norsyasya. "B40 Group Income Household Trend in Malaysia." International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) 9, no. 12 (2020): 126–29. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.L7904.1091220.

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Income inequality is crucial issue in the Malaysian economy. This issue has a great impact especially on the B40 group income household because of the rising cost of living today. Therefore, modelling of income data is done to look at income pattern of B40 group in Malaysia. Household income data for Malaysia in year 2007, 2009, 2012, 2014 and 2016 have been used in this study. The income distribution used in this study is a two-parameter distribution of Weibull, Log Normal, Fisk and Gamma. This study uses only two parametric distributions to suit the income data because the simplest model is

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9

Gradín, Carlos, and Máximo Rossi. "Income Distribution and Income Sources in Uruguay." Journal of Applied Economics 9, no. 1 (2006): 49–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15140326.2006.12040637.

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10

Van Hoa, Tran. "Effects of income distribution on household income." Economics Letters 18, no. 4 (1985): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1765(85)90061-8.

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11

Benhabib, Jess, Wei Cui, and Jianjun Miao. "Capital income jumps and wealth distribution." Quantitative Economics 15, no. 4 (2024): 1197–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3982/qe2096.

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Анотація:

Compared to the distributions of earnings, the distributions of wealth in the US and many other countries are strikingly concentrated on the top and skewed to the right. To explain the income and wealth inequality, we provide a tractable heterogeneous‐agent model with incomplete markets in continuous time. We separate illiquid capital assets from liquid bond assets and introduce jump risks to capital income, which are crucial for generating a thicker tail of the wealth distribution than that of the labor income distribution. Under recursive utility, we derive optimal consumption and wealth in

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12

Trzcińska, Kamila. "An Analysis of Household Income in Poland and Slovakia Based on Selected Income Models." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 22, no. 1 (2022): 287–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2022-0014.

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Abstract Research background: Studies of income distributions may focus on describing empirical distributions by theoretical models. This approach can be useful for many reasons. When choosing a statistical model, it is important both to find out a theoretical distribution function that would characterize empirical frequency distribution and to choose suitable methods to calculate the parameters of the model. In the literature, there are proposals for various types of mathematical functions. Very high accuracy with empirical distribution is characteristic for Dagum and log-normal models. In 20

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13

Davies, Hugh, and Heather Joshi. "Sex, Sharing and the Distribution of Income." Journal of Social Policy 23, no. 3 (1994): 301–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400021887.

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ABSTRACTIt is customary to assume that income is redistributed between the sexes within the family. This article investigates alternative assumptions about sharing within the family and their effects on the distribution of income. Using data from the UK Family Expenditure Survey for 1968 and 1986, we contrast two assumptions about sharing within the family; the conventional assumption of equal sharing or ‘pooling’, and an alternative of ‘minimum sharing’. Under each assumption, we examine the composition of extreme quintiles of the income distribution, and compute the numbers of men and women

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14

Liu, Chia-Ming. "Income distribution, quality differentiation and product line design." Innovative Marketing 13, no. 1 (2017): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/im.13(1).2017.03.

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The purpose of this paper is to characterize the relationship between quality differentiation, income distribution and product line design. According to the findings, the author can explain the trend of quality differentiation and the phenomenon of extreme product diversity in different conditions of income distribution. When the middle class of consumers reach a certain critical few number, the quality for them will descend. Only the high-end and low-end quality left for this extreme condition; that is, the product quality spectrum will shrink. The product quality for middle and low class wil

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15

Waterman, A. M. C., and Athanasios Asimakopulos. "Theories of Income Distribution." Canadian Journal of Economics 22, no. 2 (1989): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/135686.

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16

Lipton, Michael, Arne Bigsten, and Jacques Lecaillon. "Income Distribution and Development." Economic Journal 95, no. 379 (1985): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2233065.

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17

Jenkins, Stephen, and John Creedy. "Dynamics of Income Distribution." Economica 54, no. 216 (1987): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2554191.

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18

Slottje, Daniel J., and John Creedy. "Dynamics of Income Distribution." Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, no. 398 (1987): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2289490.

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19

Li, Hongyi, Danyang Xie, and Heng-Fu Zou. "Dynamics of income distribution." Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue Canadienne d`Economique 33, no. 4 (2000): 937–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0008-4085.00048.

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20

Galor, Oded, and Joseph Zeira. "Income Distribution and Macroeconomics." Review of Economic Studies 60, no. 1 (1993): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2297811.

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21

Krugman, Paul. "The Income Distribution Disparity." Challenge 33, no. 4 (1990): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05775132.1990.11471435.

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22

Pasinetti, Luigi L. "Sraffa on income distribution." Cambridge Journal of Economics 12, no. 1 (1988): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035042.

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23

MAHLER, VINCENT A. "Income Distribution within Nations." Comparative Political Studies 22, no. 1 (1989): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414089022001001.

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In recent years a large number of cross-national studies have examined the causes and consequences of income inequality within nations. Unfortunately, few of these studies have attended very carefully to problems of measurement and definitional consistency that can seriously undermine the comparative use of currently available data on income shares. This article offers a discussion of the major theoretical and practical problems that can arise in measuring and comparing patterns of income distribution across nations, focusing on the completeness of income coverage, the unit of analysis, the ti

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24

Seers, Dudley. "INCOME DISTRIBUTION AND EMPLOYMENT." Institute of Development Studies Bulletin 2, no. 4 (2009): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1759-5436.1970.mp2004002.x.

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25

Acemoglu, D., and J. Ventura. "The World Income Distribution." Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, no. 2 (2002): 659–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/003355302753650355.

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26

Yilmaz, Ensar, and Sinem Sefil-Tansever. "Income Distribution and Redistribution." Journal of Economic Issues 53, no. 4 (2019): 1103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2019.1675449.

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27

Sciortino, John J., John H. Huston, and Roger W. Spencer. "Risk and income distribution." Journal of Economic Psychology 9, no. 3 (1988): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4870(88)90043-8.

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28

Perotti, Roberto. "Income distribution and investment." European Economic Review 38, no. 3-4 (1994): 827–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-2921(94)90119-8.

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29

Abouelmagd, et. al., T. H. M. "Characterization of Income Distribution." International Journal of Business and Statistical Analysis 1, no. 1 (2014): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/ijbsa/010104.

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30

Milanovic, Branko. "Remittances and Income Distribution." Journal of Economic Studies 14, no. 5 (1987): 24–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb002657.

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31

Bourguignon, François, William H. Branson, and Jaime de Melo. "Adjustment and income distribution." Journal of Development Economics 38, no. 1 (1992): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3878(92)90016-3.

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32

Mizoguchi, Toshiyuki, and Tateo Yoshida. "Evaluation of Asian Income Distribution and Poverty Ratios Using Worldwide Income Distribution." Asian Economic Journal 12, no. 2 (1998): 183–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8381.00059.

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33

Ustinova, N. G. "Influence of Distribution of a Wages and the Taxation on Distribution of the Cumulative Income of the Population." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Economics. Management. Law 9, no. 2 (2009): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.18500/1994-2540-2009-9-2-38-42.

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In the article questions of an inefficiency of distribution of the cumulative income of the population are discussed. As the basic forms of distribution of the income distribution of wages and the taxation of individual incomes are considered. It is shown, that the inefficiency of distribution of incomes is defined not only dynamics of an inequality, but also structure of distribution by separate kinds of incomes and features of a tax policy.

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34

Quevedo Cubillos, Hernando, and María N. Quevedo. "Income distribution in the Colombian economy from an econophysics perspective." Cuadernos de Economía 35, no. 69 (2016): 691–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/cuad.econ.v35n69.44876.

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Recently, in econophysics, it has been shown that it is possible to analyze economic systems as equilibrium thermodynamic models. We apply statistical thermodynamics methods to analyze income distribution in the Colombian economic system. Using the data obtained in random polls, we show that income distribution in the Colombian economic system is characterized by two specific phases. The first includes about 90% of the interviewed individuals, and is characterized by an exponential Boltzmann-Gibbs distribution. The second phase, which contains the individuals with the highest incomes, can be d

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35

Boboxojayev, Bekzod Nazirxujayevich. "ANALYSIS OF INCOME DISTRIBUTION AMONG THE POPULATION." Deutsche internationale Zeitschrift für zeitgenössische Wissenschaft 90 (October 18, 2024): 11–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13951876.

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The article analyzes population income classification and grouping. Also, population incomes are revealed from the coefficients of stratification, that is, funds, deciles, quantiles and stratification. The Djini index and the criterion for assessing the level of inequality in income distribution have been determined.

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36

Lalu, Muhammad Husni Tamrin, Irwan Muhammad, and Firmansyah Muhammad. "Balancing Funds, Investment, Length of Schooling, Unemployment Rate and Income Inequality in Indonesia." JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS, FINANCE AND MANAGEMENT STUDIES 06, no. 05 (2023): 1872–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7885952.

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The goal of a country's economic development is an equal distribution of income. This study aimed to analyze the direct and indirect effects of balancing funds, domestic investment (PMDN), foreign investment (PMLN), the average length of schooling (RLS), and the open unemployment rate (TPT) on income inequality in Indonesia in 2015-2021. GRDP per capita is an intervening variable, while income inequality is the dependent variable with the Gini Ratio as an indicator. This study uses secondary data in the form of panel data. The method used is Random Effect Model (REM) and Fixed Effect Model

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37

Willis, Geoff. "Income distribution and income shares: wealth and income distributions explained using generalised Lotka-Volterra SFC ABM models." International Review of Applied Economics 29, no. 6 (2015): 816–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02692171.2015.1065225.

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38

Mallick, Seeme. "Sustainable Income, Employment, and Income Distribution in Indonesia." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (2007): 579–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.579-596.

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Production and consumption activities in any economy have a direct impact on the environment. Although increased economic activity and population growth in developing countries continue to exert enormous pressure on their natural environments, the role of the environment is neglected in the estimation of national income. Such neglect at the macroeconomic level is at least in part, an important cause of environmental degradation in developing countries. Since the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 at Rio and even as early as middle of the 1980s, a substantial liter

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39

Dharma, Hartawan I. Gusti Made, Suryadinatha Gorda A.A.N 2Oka, and SupriyadinataGorda A.A.N Eddy. "Catur Dresta: Justice Income Distribution." International Journal of Arts and Social Science 3, no. 5 (2023): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7726920.

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In the institutional economy spectrum, the profit sharing pattern between owner farmersas patrons and cultivatorfarmers as clients cannot be separated from the place, time, and circumstances. Therefore, the belief system (sastradresta), cultural values (kunadresta), a common view of life (lokadresta) and the customs of agricultural land (desadresta) known as caturdresta are embedded in economic activity. The study is written using a quantitative descriptive approach, with the results of the profit sharing pattern based on the caturdresta as an informal economy institution that acts as a rule o

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40

Fedosin, Sergey G. "Group Function of Income Distribution in Society." International Frontier Science Letters 6 (December 29, 2015): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/IFSL.6.6.

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Based on the similarity of properties of photons and money, and on the formula for the density of distribution of photon gas by energies, the corresponding mathematical formula for distribution of annual income per capita is obtained. Application of this formula for the data analysis reveals several independent groups of population with different average levels of their income. In particular four main groups of population contribute to the distribution of income in the economy of the USA.

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41

Trzcińska, Kamila. "Analysis of Household Income in Poland Based on the Zenga Distribution and Selected Income Inequality Measure." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 20, no. 1 (2020): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0025.

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AbstractResearch background: A lot of research has been directed at describing empirical distributions by using a theoretical model. In the literature there are proposals for various types of mathematical functions. In 2010 Zenga proposed a new three-parameter model for economic size distribution which possesses interesting statistical properties which can be used to model income, wealth and financial variables.Purpose: The aim of this paper is to apply the Zenga model to income distributions in Poland by voivodeship.Research methodology: The basis for the calculations presented in the paper h

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42

Muszyńska, Joanna, Jarosław Oczki, and Ewa Wędrowska. "Convergence of household incomes in the European Union countries." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 11 (2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0722.

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The aim of the study is to verify the hypothesis of a tendency towards levelling of household income in the EU countries in the years 2007—2015. Convergence process of the level and the distribution of household disposable income was analysed. The basic source of information were Eurostat’s data from EU-SILC database. The convergence analysis of income levels was carried out for the mean, median and first decile of annual equivalised household disposable incomes, weighted by country population. To examine their convergence, regression models used in economic convergence analyses were adapted a

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43

Gang, Gong, and Yang Guang. "Analysis of China's Unequal Income Distribution from the Perspective of Functional Income Distribution." Social Sciences in China 31, no. 4 (2010): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02529203.2010.524366.

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44

Abd Raof, Anis Syazwani, Mohd Azmi Haron, Muhammad Aslam Mohd Safari, and Zailan Siri. "Modeling the Incomes of the Upper-Class Group in Malaysia using New Pareto-Type Distribution." Sains Malaysiana 51, no. 10 (2022): 3437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-26.

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Анотація:

The new Pareto-type distribution has been previously introduced as an alternative to the conventional Pareto distribution in modeling income distribution. It is claimed to provide better flexibility for mathematical simplicity of probability functions and has a more straightforward mathematical form. In this study, the new Pareto-type distribution is used to model the income of the Malaysian upper-class group. The threshold is determined using the fixed proportion technique and the maximum likelihood estimator method is used to estimate the shape parameter. Then, the goodness-of-fit of the fit

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45

Saiful Nathan, Siti Badariah, and M. Mohd Rosli. "Distributional effects of non-farm incomes in a Malaysian rice bowl." International Journal of Social Economics 43, no. 2 (2016): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-09-2013-0200.

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Анотація:

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the structure of household income and examine the effects of non-farm incomes on the income distribution of farm households in a relatively developed rural area of the Malaysian rice bowl. Design/methodology/approach – The non-farm incomes were disaggregated into different components to determine the contribution of each income source to total household income and overall inequality. The income distribution and decomposition was examined using the Gini decomposition method. Findings – It was found that almost 71 percent of the households in th

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46

Abdul Majid, Muhammad Hilmi, and Kamarulzaman Ibrahim. "Composite Pareto Distributions for Modelling Household Income Distribution in Malaysia." Sains Malaysiana 50, no. 7 (2021): 2047–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5007-19.

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Анотація:

Composite Pareto distributions are flexible as the models allow for data to be described by two distributions: a Pareto distribution for the data above a threshold value and another separate distribution for data below the threshold value. It is noted in some previous literatures that the Paretian tail behaviour can be observed in the distribution of Malaysian household income. In this paper, the composite Pareto models are fitted to the Malaysian household income data of several years. These fitted composite Pareto models are then compared to several univariate models for describing income di

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47

Moya, Cristóbal, Jule Adriaans, and Carsten Sauer. "Unjust Income Inequality Prevails Across 29 Countries." Socius: Sociological Research for a Dynamic World 9 (January 2023): 237802312311715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23780231231171581.

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Анотація:

The aim of this visualization is to describe justice evaluations of income inequality from a cross-country perspective for more than 72,000 respondents in 29 countries. The analyses were based on data from two large, cross-country survey programs. The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) asked for an evaluation of the overall income distribution, and the European Social Survey (ESS) asked for justice evaluations of both bottom and top incomes. The authors find that injustice of the income distribution prevails in all studied countries except Denmark and that injustice of bottom incomes

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48

Landmesser, Joanna Małgorzata. "The Use of Hazard Models for the Analysis of Income Inequalities in Poland." Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia 18, no. 1 (2018): 144–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foli-2018-0011.

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Abstract The aim of the paper is to examine the income inequalities of men and women in Poland. We estimate conditional cumulative distribution functions for incomes in both groups of people using a flexible hazard-function based estimator in the presence of covariates. The conditional piecewise-constant exponential hazard models are applied. Then, we decompose the estimated income differences along the whole income distribution. For this purpose, we construct the counterfactual distribution, which is the distribution of incomes that would prevail for women if they had the distribution of men’

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Landmesser, Joanna. "Differences in income distributions for men and women in the European Union countries." Equilibrium 14, no. 1 (2019): 81–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/eq.2019.004.

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Research background: Recently there has been an increase in interest in the studies of income inequalities. The findings of numerous empirical studies show that males earn higher wages than females. A variety of techniques of income inequalities decomposition are becoming popular. New procedures go far beyond the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition. They allow to study differences of income distributions for various groups of people and to decompose them at various quantile points. Purpose of the article: The aim of the paper is to compare personal income distributions in selected countries of

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Esteban, J. "Income-Share Elasticity and the Size Distribution of Income." International Economic Review 27, no. 2 (1986): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2526515.

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