Дисертації: "Industrial Internet of Things (In.IoT)"

1

Wernersson, Henrik Wernersson, and Yassin Atwa. "Resource constrained Industrial IoT device." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-31252.

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I dagens läge är industriella nätverk inte anpassade för att koppla upp resursbegränsade enheter pga av att industriella nätverks-protokollen som används är mer anpassade för real time applikationer. Det skulle vara ett stort steg för de industriella nätverken att kunna koppla upp resursbegränsade enheter för enkel övervakning samt analysering av data. Efter en undersökningsperiod av ett flertal olika IoT-protokoll, gjordes valet att implementera CoAP på en Anybus CompactCom-modul för testning. Under projektets gång användes det en del white-box testning i början vid implementationen av libCoAP. Efter att en fungerande implementation var gjord, påbörjades testning av input och output överensstämmelser med hjälp av black-box testning istället. Resultatet jämfördes i slutändan med den existerande lösningen att skicka parameterdata med hjälp av TCP. Resultatet hade en responstidsskillnad som var 92,3 % snabbare. Samtidigt tog det sammanlagt 24,2 % mindre plats i minnet (FLASH och RAM) för implementationen på Anybus CompactCom-modulen.

2

Muhonen, T. (Tiia). "Standardization of Industrial internet and IoT (IoT — Internet of Things):perspective on condition-based maintenance." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2015. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201504081319.

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Decreasing costs of electronic devices, increasing computing abilities and advances in sensor technologies have enabled the internet to spread to the whole new area. In the near future, more and more smart objects will be connected to the internet, and new businesses will be created around them. Industrial internet and IoT are topical issues at the moment and both of them are widely studied and discussed in the literature. However, an up-to-date study about the state of their standardization is difficult to find. In this research, the objective is to find out what is the current state of Industrial internet and IoT standardization. Therefore, the results of this research will be useful for anyone working in these fields. Different standardization organizations, alliances and consortiums are also studied. In addition, unofficial industry standards and their potential development and impacts are reviewed. The perspective of the research is outlined especially into Condition-Based Maintenance (CBM). The theoretical part of the research is a literature review that creates a basis for the empirical part. The literature review studies the relevant topics of the research theme: Industrial internet, M2M (Machine to Machine), IoT, standardization and CBM. Qualitative case study method is applied in the empirical part of the research, and ten carefully chosen interviewees are interviewed for gathering the data. The case analysis shows that standardization is seen as an important part when machines start to share information with each other. However, the majority of the interviewees are not taking part of the standardization activities and the knowledge about the current state of standardization is yet quite unclear. The conclusion is based on the findings of the literature review and case analysis. The research findings indicate that standardization in the field of Industrial internet and IoT is just emerging. There is an extensive amount of organizations that are creating standards, both official and non-official, and the application space is wide. Many emerging applications are exploiting their own standards and many standards are still under development. The solutions rely on various co-existing protocols, interfaces and platforms, either proprietary or standard. Some of the Industrial internet and IoT standards will be official standards, whereas some will be de facto standards that are agreed by forums or alliances or dictated by companies in decisive roles. The study results show that standardization plays a key role in Industrial internet and IoT as it contributes to interoperability, compatibility, reliability, security and effective operations between heterogeneous technical solutions globally. Therefore collaboration among various organizations is important and needed
Elektronisten laitteiden kustannusten lasku, tietokoneiden laskentatehojen kasvu ja kehittyneet sensoriteknologiat ovat mahdollistaneet internetin leviämisen täysin uudelle alueelle. Lähitulevaisuudessa yhä useammat älykkäät esineet ovat yhteydessä internetiin, ja uusia liiketoimintoja luodaan niiden ympärille. Teollinen internet ja esineiden internet (IoT — Internet of Things) ovat ajankohtaisia aiheita tällä hetkellä ja molemmat laajalti tutkittuja kirjallisuudessa. Silti ajankohtaista tutkimusta niiden tämän hetkisestä standardoinnin tilasta on vaikea löytää. Tämän tutkimuksen tavoitteena on selvittää Teollisen internetin ja IoT:n standardoinnin nykytila. Näin ollen tutkimuksen tulokset hyödyttävät toimijoita näillä aloilla. Myös eri standardointiorganisaatioita, alliansseja ja yhteenliittymiä tarkastellaan. Lisäksi epävirallisia teollisuusstandardeja ja niiden mahdollista kehitystä ja vaikutuksia arvioidaan. Tutkimuksen näkökulma on rajattu erityisesti ennakoivaan kunnossapitoon. Tutkimuksen teoriaosuus on kirjallisuuskatsaus, joka muodostaa perustan empirialle. Kirjallisuuskatsaus tarkastelee tutkimuksen teeman kannalta relevantteja aihepiirejä: Teollinen internet, M2M (Machine to Machine), IoT, standardointi ja ennakoiva kunnossapito. Kvalitatiivista case-tutkimusmenetelmää sovelletaan tutkimuksen empiriaosiossa, ja tiedon keräämistä varten haastatellaan kymmenen tarkoin valittua haastateltavaa. Case-analyysi osoittaa, että standardointia pidetään tärkeänä laitteiden jakaessa tietoa toisilleen. Kuitenkaan suurin osa haastateltavista ei ota osaa standardointitoimintaan, ja käsitys standardoinnin nykytilasta on heille vielä melko epäselvä. Johtopäätökset pohjautuvat kirjallisuuskatsauksen ja case-analyysin perusteella saatuihin löydöksiin. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että Teollisen internetin ja IoT:n standardointi on vasta kehittymässä. Standardeja luovia organisaatioita, sekä virallisia että epävirallisia, on suuri määrä, ja sovelluskenttä on laaja. Monet kehittymässä olevat sovellukset hyödyntävät omia standardejaan, ja useat standardit ovat yhä kehitysasteella. Ratkaisut perustuvat erilaisiin yhtä aikaa olemassa oleviin protokolliin, rajapintoihin ja sovellusalustoihin, niin patentoituihin kuin standardeihinkin. Osa Teollisen internetin ja IoT:n standardeista tulevat olemaan virallisia standardeja, kun taas osa tulee olemaan de facto standardeja, jotka on hyväksytty forumeissa ja alliansseissa tai ratkaisevassa roolissa olevissa yrityksissä. Tutkimustulokset osoittavat, että standardointi on tärkeässä roolissa Teollisessa internetissä ja IoT:ssä, sillä se vaikuttaa yhteensopivuuteen, yhdenmukaisuuteen, luotettavuuteen, turvallisuuteen ja tehokkaaseen toimintaan hajanaisten teknisten sovellusten välillä globaalisti. Siitä syystä yhteistyö eri organisaatioiden välillä on tärkeää ja tarpeellista

3

Iqbal, Muhammad Azhar. "Internet of Things (IoT) Industry Gateway Modelling." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informations- och kommunikationssystem, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-28691.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) provide the possibility to build dynamic industrial systems and applications to improve the quality of production in industrial areas. There are many Industrial IoT Gateways (IoTGWs) available on the market, all of which have different functionalities and properties. Here, the different properties of the IIoTGWs were explored, with the researcher’s as well as vendor’s perspective in mind. The most important properties were identified using research papers and technical data sheets, based on this, a model was created. The model showed the best two gateways available in the database. The results show that methods used can be applied in future research.

4

Egel, Jill. "Internet of Things and its Business Models." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-80995.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is the next phase in the evolution of the internet, where everyday objects are connected to the internet, and obtain the capacity to communicate with other devices and sense their environment. Especially the IIoT is one of the most talked about industrial business concepts since the recent years, companies try to focus on business models and operational efficiency. That is why this thesis focuses on researching the industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). There is already a lot of information about the common Internet of Things but still a gap in research in the business perspective, especially surrounding the concept of business models for the IIoT. The goal of this project is to investigate different kinds of business models, how they work and how feasible they are. The need to research possible business models for an IIoT framework, as traditional business models are relevant for this study, such as the Business Model Canvas which has been proposed by Alexander Osterwalder or the Business Model Navigator by Oliver Gassmann. But there is still a lack of literature covering the business models for the IIoT. Therefore, after researching the concept of IIoT from a business perspective, I identified some useful criteria and suitable business models. With a qualitative literature study, I was able to develop an IIoT business model framework, based on the dynamics and complexity of the IIoT concept, which incorporates business strategies and provides companies with a flexible approach. The business model framework can be used in any business which is working in the industrial context. To demonstrate how the business model framework works for the IIoT, I clarified how suitable business models can improve the current business model of the very prominent and successful company Tesla. The results show how the framework of IIoT business models can be used to increase profit and work efficiently as a company. The models can also be formed to only highlight single components of an already existing business model, as it offers great flexibility, which is highly valuable in the fast evolving and innovative IIoT phenomenon.

5

Felicetti, Riccardo. "Infrastrutture per Monitoraggio e Controllo di Dispositivi Industrial IoT basate su Soluzioni Eclipse Foundation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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L'obiettivo di questo studio è quello di realizzare un'infrastruttura per ambienti industriali che permetta di monitorare e controllare dispositivi appartenenti al mondo dell'Internet of Things, basata su due tecnologie offerte dall'Eclipse Foundation. L'elaborato offre in primo luogo una panoramica sul mondo dell'IIoT e un'analisi approfondita delle piattaforme Eclipse Kura, utilizzata per la realizzazione di un gateway IoT ed Eclipse Kapua utilizzata per la realizzazione di una piattaforma Cloud. Successivamente il focus si sposta sull'implementazione dell'infrastruttura, mostrando nel dettaglio la sua installazione, la sua configurazione e lo sviluppo di componenti aggiuntivi. Lo studio si conclude infine, con l'esecuzione di una serie di test e una valutazione del risultato ottenuto.

6

Milinic, Vasilije. "Investigating Security Issues in Industrial IoT: A Systematic Literature Review." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-54980.

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The use of Internet-of-Things (IoT) makes it possible to inter-connect Information Technology (IT) and Operational Technology (OT) into a completely new system. This convergence is often known as Industrial IoT (IIoT). IIoT brings a lot of benefits to industrial assets, such as improved efficiency and productivity, reduced cost, and depletion of human error. However, the high inter-connectivity opens new possibilities for cyber incidents. These incidents can cause major damage like halting of production on the manufacturing line, or catastrophic havoc to companies, communities, and countries causing power outages, floods, and fuel shortages. Such incidents are important to be predicted, stopped, or alleviated at no cost. Moreover, these incidents are a great motive for researchers and practitioners to investigate known security problems and find potential moderation strategies. In this thesis work, we try to identify what types of IIoT systems have been investigated in the literature. We seek out to find if software-related issues can yield security problems. Also, we make an effort to perceive what are the proposed methods to mitigate the security threats.We employ the systematic literature review (SLR) methodology to collect this information. The results are gathered from papers published in the last five years and they show an increased interest in research in this domain. We find out software vulnerabilities are a concern for IIoT systems, mainly firmware vulnerabilities and buffer overflows, and there are a lot of likely attacks that can cause damage, mostly injection and DDoS attacks. There are a lot of different solutions which offer the possibility to stop the identified problems and we summarize them. Furthermore, the research gap considering the update process in these systems and devices, as well as a problem with the unsupervised software supply chain is identified.

7

Lieti, Valerio. "Development of an Industrial IoT End-to-End Use Case." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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This project is born merging my personal interest in IoT and AI fields and the collaboration with WiLab, Bi-rex and EBWorld. By joining different skills, the final result is the realization of an end-to-end Industrial IoT application. This IIoT use-case focuses on monitoring accelerations that characterize a turntable, on which mechanical parts are processed. The purpose of the monitoring is to implement predictive maintenance to report potential malfunctions. The turntable in question belongs to DMG Mori, a five-axis turning and milling machine for subtractive manufacturing, machine located at Bi-Rex. Bi-rex is a national competence center introduced by the Ministry of the Economic Development, focused on Big Data and Industry 4.0. It is a public-private consortium aimed to deal with digital transformation and technological innovation, based in Bologna. The technology applied for monitoring is LoRa at 2.4 GHz and the network implemented is a tree topology system of WiLab property, called IMMUNeT (Industrial Machine Monitoring Unplugged Network). Beginning from the adaptation of the accelerometer firmware, moving to the dispatching of extracted data to the server, developing machine learning techniques aimed at predictive maintenance, I lastly exhibit the operating state through the Node-RED dashboard. The resulting data describes if it is required to take actions on the machine or to stop it, in order to avoid a dangerous situation or crack the machinery. This critical information is shown graphically on a 3D interactive map to ensure a more user-friendly interface.

8

Söderby, Karl. "Education of IoT in an industrial context." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21298.

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As the rise of Industry 4.0 sheds light on many emerging technologies, oursociety will change with it. While it brings forth many positive aspects, itcannot be ignored the socio-economic problems we may face in the future.Many jobs will be transformed, manual labour such as order picking, forkliftdriving will be vanishing, and humanity will have to adapt, as we have for theprevious industrial revolutions.Educating the industrial workers that face unemployment due to automationis an important ethical matter, but can we as humans develop our knowledgewith the technology, as opposed to adapting to it? This thesis uses methodsof interaction design to create an alternative educational format, forindustrial workers to learn about the Internet of Things, an essentialcomponent of Industry 4.0.The result of this is TIOTTA (Teaching Internet of Things ThroughApplication), a contextual learning material designed together with industrialworkers.

9

Granlund, Mathias, and Christoffer Hoppe. "Evaluating the functionality of an Industrial Internet of Things system in the Fog." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-39744.

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The Internet is one of the greatest innovations ever created by mankind, and it is a technical trend that has moved into industries to facilitate automation, supervision and management in the form of IoT devices. These devices are designed to be extremely lightweight and operate in low-power and lossy networks, and therefore run a low duty cycle and CPU-clock frequency to reserve battery life. Fog nodes are located on site to minimize network delay and provide centralized processing to handle data from hundreds of connected devices in wireless sensor networks. This is the future of industrial automation. Our goal is to show the functionality of an industrial IoT network within the scope of Fog computing by implementing a closed-loop control system in Cooja. Performance evaluations considered network reliability in terms of packet delivery ratio and timeliness. We assume that wireless IoT devices are running RPL routing (one of the most common standard routing protocols for IoT applications). We implement a mobility controller at the Fog-server in order to collect measurements made by the Fog nodes and send commands to IoT devices. In this thesis work, we assume that the commands are related to the mobility pattern of mobile node (e.g. AGVs in industrial automation) in order to avoid collision. From the simulation results we can conclude that sampling rates and node density have a greater impact on performance compared to payload size. We cannot be sure that our results reflect what a real-world evaluation would imply as we are running an emulation software, even though it has a very realistic physical layer. We do however believe that with substantial testing and improvements to both Cooja and our implementation, an accurate representation can be accomplished and algorithms in Cooja can be moved to real-world implementations.

10

Sylvan, Andreas. "Internet of Things in Surface Mount TechnologyElectronics Assembly." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-209243.

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Currently manufacturers in the European Surface Mount Technology (SMT) industry seeproduction changeover, machine downtime and process optimization as their biggestchallenges. They also see a need for collecting data and sharing information betweenmachines, people and systems involved in the manufacturing process. Internet of Things (IoT)technology provides an opportunity to make this happen. This research project gives answers tothe question of what the potentials and challenges of IoT implementation are in European SMTmanufacturing. First, key IoT concepts are introduced. Then, through interviews with expertsworking in SMT manufacturing, the current standpoint of the SMT industry is defined. The studypinpoints obstacles in SMT IoT implementation and proposes a solution. Firstly, local datacollection and sharing needs to be achieved through the use of standardized IoT protocols andAPIs. Secondly, because SMT manufacturers do not trust that sensitive data will remain securein the Cloud, a separation of proprietary data and statistical data is needed in order take a stepfurther and collect Big Data in a Cloud service. This will allow for new services to be offered byequipment manufacturers.
I dagsläget upplever tillverkare inom den europeiska ytmonteringsindustrin för elektronikproduktionsomställningar, nedtid för maskiner och processoptimering som sina störstautmaningar. De ser även ett behov av att samla data och dela information mellan maskiner,människor och system som som är delaktiga i tillverkningsprocessen.Sakernas internet, även kallat Internet of Things (IoT), erbjuder teknik som kan göra dettamöjligt. Det här forskningsprojektet besvarar frågan om vilken potential som finns samt vilkautmaningar en implementation av sakernas internet inom europeisk ytmonteringstillverkning avelektronik innebär. Till att börja med introduceras nyckelkoncept inom sakernas internet. Sedandefinieras utgångsläget i elektroniktillverkningsindustrin genom intervjuer med experter.Studien belyser de hinder som ligger i vägen för implementation och föreslår en lösning. Dettainnebär först och främst att datainsamling och delning av data måste uppnås genomanvändning av standardiserade protokoll för sakernas internet ochapplikationsprogrammeringsgränssnitt (APIer). På grund av att elektroniktillverkare inte litar påatt känslig data förblir säker i molnet måste proprietär data separeras från statistisk data. Dettaför att möjliggöra nästa steg som är insamling av så kallad Big Data i en molntjänst. Dettamöjliggör i sin tur för tillverkaren av produktionsmaskiner att erbjuda nya tjänster.

11

Cavaletti, Marco. "A Wireless Solution for Industrial IoT Using LoRa at 2.4 GHz." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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This thesis was carried out in the context of a project developed by the university of Bologna upon commission of GD SpA, aimed at providing a new proprietary solution for a Industrial Internet of Things monitoring application. The focus is on the definition and implementation of a wireless communication protocol, which has been called LoRaIN, based on LoRa technology at 2,4 GHz and suitable for Industry 4.0 applications. LoraIN proposes a centralized approach to Network management, with a single entity keeping synchronization among devices and scheduling all the transmissions according to separated time slots, in order to avoid collisions. Distinctive features of the protocol are also its multi-hopping functionality and the possibility to deploy batteryless devices, charged via Wireless Power Transfer technology. Numerical results reported in the thesis demonstrate how LoRaIN protocol meets the application requirements.

12

Haglund, Leo, and Emil Jonsson. "Industrial Internet of Things Collaborations : A Contingency Framework for Smart Grid Development in Renewable Energy." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för ekonomi, teknik, konst och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-85212.

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Purpose - As energy demand increases in tandem with an increasing climate crisis, the world runs towards renewable energy generation. Within the area of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) there are a multitude of opportunities that should be capitalized on, but this requires an integration of the connected systems of Information Technology (IT) and the governing systems of Operational Technology (OT). In the utility sector, this has proven very complex. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to explore the challenges between utility companies, IT providers, and OT providers in the ecosystem to identify activities to combat these challenges by developing a contingency framework. Thus, contributing to the development of Smart Grids (SG) within renewable energy generation. Method – To fulfill the purpose of this study, the partnership between the Swedish branch of a global technology company and a sizeable Swedish energy producer has been investigated. A qualitative single case study has been conducted with an inductive, explorative approach. Empirical data were collected from 22 interviews and 4 workshops from six different companies across five countries. The interviews and workshops were conducted in three different waves: 1) Explorative, 2) Investigatory, and 3) Validatory. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Findings – Findings from our data analysis have identified challenges and key activities in four main categories: 1) IT/OT Collaborative Challenges, 2) IT/OT Technical Challenges, 3) IT/OT Collaborative Activities, and 4) IT/OT Technical Activities. These findings are combined to form a contingency framework that emphasizes the activities to overcome industry challenges. Theoretical and Practical Implications – Our findings and framework expand on current literature in IIoT, SGs, and Innovation Ecosystems development by investigating the collaborative challenges and activities within IT/OT collaboration rather than specific technologies or ecosystem structures. It also expands the literature on IT/OT convergence by taking a broader ecosystem perspective than only IT and OT companies. Our framework provides practical contributions for managers by identifying key challenges and activities and how these relate to each other. Limitations and Future Research – Our study is limited to a single case study on wind power generation in northern Europe. Therefore, future studies are recommended to investigate if our findings apply to other companies, industry sectors, and geographical areas.

13

Dell'Elce, Martina. "Industria 4.0 ed Internet of Things, nuove sfide per la cybersecurity." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020.

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Al giorno d'oggi siamo sempre più circondati da dispositivi interconnessi tra loro, i quali sono costantemente esposti ad attacchi informatici. In questo elaborato, dopo aver introdotto l'Internet of Things e i suoi molteplici ambiti applicativi, verrà svolta un'attenta analisi dei rischi e delle sfide riguardanti la cybersecurity che le aziende 4.0 dovranno affrontare. Verranno proposte delle possibili soluzioni attraverso l'impiego di tecnologie sempre più sofisticate ed innovative.

14

Wessels, Carina Helena. "To IOT or not IOT : a critical analysis of the key legal considerations applicable in internet of things of implementations in the mining industry." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/60113.

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The research introduces the fourth industrial revolution philosophically, exploring the application of innovation and automation in broad terms and the Internet of Things (IoT) specifically within the mining industry. It explains the business and societal motivation for such interventions, highlighting some of the key benefits. It further explores the inadvertent risks, some of which have already manifested in mining applications and others which can be inferred from other industrial and social applications. A critical analysis is conducted of the application of the South African Mine Health and Safety Act and Regulations on such applications in the mining environment, as well as considering key other pieces of South African legislation. A comparative analysis with Australian legislation confirms that Western Australia has recognised the need for regulation and have started regulating, primarily mining automation, at least. Through these analyses it is established that a legislative vacuum exists, despite the general application of many requirements in relation to safety considerations during the utilisation of IoT applications. The paper concludes by recommending collaboration between the Department of Mineral Resources and the Chamber of Mines to seek ways to lead legislative and regulatory developments in this space in order to enable the sustainability of the South African mining industry. In particular, the research suggests the emphasis should be to legally encourage and permit the implementation of IoT solutions in the mining industry in as many instances as reasonably possible, whilst consecutively addressing the new and emerging risks created through such.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2016.
Public Law
LLM
Unrestricted

15

Norcini, Simone. "From data to applications in the Internet of Things." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11128/.

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Con la crescita in complessità delle infrastrutture IT e la pervasività degli scenari di Internet of Things (IoT) emerge il bisogno di nuovi modelli computazionali basati su entità autonome capaci di portare a termine obiettivi di alto livello interagendo tra loro grazie al supporto di infrastrutture come il Fog Computing, per la vicinanza alle sorgenti dei dati, e del Cloud Computing per offrire servizi analitici complessi di back-end in grado di fornire risultati per milioni di utenti. Questi nuovi scenarii portano a ripensare il modo in cui il software viene progettato e sviluppato in una prospettiva agile. Le attività dei team di sviluppatori (Dev) dovrebbero essere strettamente legate alle attività dei team che supportano il Cloud (Ops) secondo nuove metodologie oggi note come DevOps. Tuttavia, data la mancanza di astrazioni adeguata a livello di linguaggio di programmazione, gli sviluppatori IoT sono spesso indotti a seguire approcci di sviluppo bottom-up che spesso risulta non adeguato ad affrontare la compessità delle applicazione del settore e l'eterogeneità dei compomenti software che le formano. Poichè le applicazioni monolitiche del passato appaiono difficilmente scalabili e gestibili in un ambiente Cloud con molteplici utenti, molti ritengono necessaria l'adozione di un nuovo stile architetturale, in cui un'applicazione dovrebbe essere vista come una composizione di micro-servizi, ciascuno dedicato a uno specifica funzionalità applicativa e ciascuno sotto la responsabilità di un piccolo team di sviluppatori, dall'analisi del problema al deployment e al management. Poichè al momento non si è ancora giunti a una definizione univoca e condivisa dei microservices e di altri concetti che emergono da IoT e dal Cloud, nè tantomento alla definzione di linguaggi sepcializzati per questo settore, la definzione di metamodelli custom associati alla produzione automatica del software di raccordo con le infrastrutture potrebbe aiutare un team di sviluppo ad elevare il livello di astrazione, incapsulando in una software factory aziendale i dettagli implementativi. Grazie a sistemi di produzione del sofware basati sul Model Driven Software Development (MDSD), l'approccio top-down attualmente carente può essere recuperato, permettendo di focalizzare l'attenzione sulla business logic delle applicazioni. Nella tesi viene mostrato un esempio di questo possibile approccio, partendo dall'idea che un'applicazione IoT sia in primo luogo un sistema software distribuito in cui l'interazione tra componenti attivi (modellati come attori) gioca un ruolo fondamentale.

16

Thiagarajan, Darshini. "Analysis of the current state of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) adoption." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107361.

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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, System Design and Management Program, Engineering and Management Program, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 98-100).
Smart, connected devices are becoming an integral part of our lives, bridging the communication between human-to-machine and machine-to-machine interactions. The potential socioeconomic impact of the Internet of Things (loT) in the Industrials space is forecasted to be huge. These connected devices will result in a significant increase in the overall complexity of systems. While the rate of loT adoption by Industrials is on the rise, a lot of uncertainty remains with regards to the readiness of organizations and the impact of adoption. This could be due to lack of vision from leadership, lack of resources, and also lack of capabilities required for successful adoption. The goal of this thesis is to enable organizations to position themselves well for Industrial loT adoption. This thesis analyzes the current state of Industrial loT adoption by viewing Industrial organizations adopting loT as complex systems. The research consists of an analysis and synthesis of quantitative and qualitative data from organizations around the world, of existing theory, of recent industry research along with the application of systems thinking techniques. The outcome of the thesis is a framework for successful Industrial loT adoption. The research findings reveal several significant implications for managers and leaders of Industrial organizations and the need to employ systems thinking for understanding Industrial loT organizations.
by Darshini Thiagarajan.
S.M. in Engineering and Management

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Keller, Armando Leopoldo. "Internet das coisas aplicada à indústria: dispositivo para interoperabilidade de redes industriais." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6233.

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O objetivo deste trabalho, é realizar um estudo de forma mais abrangente sobre o conceito de Internet das Coisas e seus principais protocolos. Explora-se especificamente o conceito de IoT (Internet of Things) aplicado em sistemas de automação. Para tanto é apresentada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o assunto, explorando os diversos protocolos desenvolvidos para aplicações de IoT, caracterizando-os quanto a taxa de transmissão, eficiência, segurança e confiabilidade. Também é realizado um levantamento do cenário atual, quanto a aplicação de protocolos de IoT em sistemas de automação, sempre tendo em mente a confiabilidade do sistema. Percebe-se que um grande dificultador do uso destes tipos de protocolo em ambientes industriais é justamente a heterogeneidade das redes existentes. Diante deste problema, a proposta do trabalho é desenvolver um dispositivo que atue como middleware para a interligação de redes de automação distribuídas, no caso especificamente a rede Modbus RTU, fazendo com que esta interligação seja de forma transparente utilizando o protocolo de Internet das Coisas MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). Este dispositivo é testado com equipamentos em um cenário real através de um estudo de caso, onde duas redes Modbus RTU de um sistema geograficamente distribuído de geração de energia solar fotovoltaica, são interligadas, permitindo a criação de uma planta virtual de geração de energia do inglês virtual power plant (VPP). Com isso é possível tratar e gerenciar os sistemas distribuídos de geração como sendo uma única unidade geradora, facilitando o despacho. Para comprovar a eficiência e a confiabilidade do sistema, foram realizados testes onde o tempo entre as requisições e respostas foi medido, e através da sua distribuição foi obtido um tempo de 2,5 segundos para obter uma comunicação com baixa taxa de perda de mensagens. Estes testes comprovam o correto funcionamento do sistema proposto.
The objective of this work is to develop a more comprehensive study on the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) and its main protocols, specifically exploring the concept of IoT applied in automation systems. A bibliographic review explores the diverse protocols developed for IoT applications, characterizing them as transmission rate, efficiency, safety and confiability. A survey of the current scenario about the application of IoT protocols in automation systems is presented, always having the system confiability in mind. The heterogenity of the existent networks makes the use of this protocols a harder task. The proposal of this work is develop a device that acts as middleware for interlink distributed automation networks, in this case the Modbus RTU networks, in a transparent way using the internet of things procol MQTT (Message Queuing Telemetry Transport). This device is tested with equipments in a real scenario trough a case study, where two Modbus RTU networks of a geographically distributed solar photovoltaic power plant, is interlinked, allowing the criation of a VPP (Virtual Power Plant). This makes possible to manage the distributed power generator systems as a single generator unit, improving the electric energy dispatch. To prove the efficiency and confiability of the system, tests were made where the time between request and response was mensured, and based on his distribution the time of 2.5 seconds was determined to have a low message loss communication. Those tests validate the proposed system and the achievement of the goals of the present work.

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Rönnholm, Jesper. "Integration of OPC Unified Architecture with IIoT Communication Protocols in an Arrowhead Translator." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-70347.

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This thesis details the design of a protocol translator between the industrial-automation protocol OPC UA, and HTTP. The design is based on the architecture of the protocol translator of the Arrowhead framework, and is interoperable with all of its associated protocols. The design requirements are defined to comply with a service-oriented architecture (SOA) and RESTful interaction through HTTP, with minimal requirement of the consuming client to be familiar with OPC UA semantics. Effort is put into making translation as transparent as possible, but limits the scope of this work to exclude a complete semantic translation. The solution presented in this thesis satisfies structural- and foundational interoperability, and bridges interaction to be independent of OPC UA services. The resulting translator is capable of accessing the content of any OPC UA server with simple HTTP-requests, where addressing is oriented around OPC UA nodes.

19

Shen, Jue. "Interactive RFID for Industrial and Healthcare Applications." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Industriell och Medicinsk Elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-174380.

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This thesis introduces the circuit and system design of interactive Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. IoT has the vision of connectivity for anything, at anytime and anywhere. One of the most important characteristics of IoT is the automatic and massive interaction of real physical world (things and human) with the virtual Internet world.RFID tags integrated with sensors have been considered as one suitable technology for realizing the interaction. However, while it is important to have RFID tags with sensors as the input interaction, it is also important to have RFID tags with displays as the output interaction.Display interfaces vary based on the information and application scenarios. On one side, remote and centralized display interface is more suitable for scenarios such as monitoring and localization. On the other side, tag level display interface is more suitable for scenarios such as object identification and online to offline propagation. For tag level display, though a substantial number of researches have focused on introducing sensing functionalities to low power Ultra-High Frequency (UHF) RFID tags, few works address UHF RFID tags with display interfaces. Power consumption and integration with display of rigid substrate are two main challenges.With the recent emerging of Electronic Paper Display (EPD) technologies, it becomes possible to overcome the two challenges. EPD resembles ordinary ink on paper by characteristics of substrate flexibility, pattern printability and material bi-stability. Average power consumption of display is significantly reduced due to bi-stability, the ability to hold color for certain periods without power supplies. Among different EPD types, Electrochromic (EC) display shows advantage of low driving voltage compatible to chip supply voltage.Therefore this thesis designs a low power UHF RFID tag integrated in 180 nm CMOS process with inkjet-printed EC polyimide display. For applications where refresh rate is ultra-low (such as electronic label in retailing and warehouse), the wireless display tag is passive and supplied by the energy harvested from UHF RF wave. For applications where refresh rate is not ultra-low (such as object identification label in mass customized manufacturing), the wireless display tag is semi-passive and supplied by soft battery. It works at low average power consumption and with out-of-battery alert. For remote and centralized display, the limitations of uplink (from tags to reader) capacity and massive-tag information feedback in IoT scenarios is the main challenge. Compared to conventional UHF RFID backscattering whose data rate is limited within hundreds of kb/s, Ultra-wideband (UWB) transmission have been verified with the performance of Mb/s data rate with several tens of pJ/pulse energy consumption.Therefore, a circuit prototype of UHF/UWB RFID tag replacing UHF backscattering with UWB transmitter is implemented. It also consists of Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes for healthcare applications of real-time remote monitoring of multiple patients ECG signals. The ECG electrodes are fabricated on paper substrate by inkjet printing to improve patient comfort. Key contribution of the thesis includes: 1) the power management scheme and circuit design of passive UHF/UWB RFID display tag. The tag sensitivity (the input RF power) is -10.5 dBm for EC display driving, comparable to the performance of conventional passive UHF RFID tags without display functions, and -18.5 dBm for UWB transmission, comparable to the state-of-the-art performance of passive UHF RFID tag. 2) communication flow and circuit design of UHF/UWB RFID tag with ECG sensing. The optimum system throughout is 400 tags/second with 1.5 KHz ECG sampling rate and 10 Mb/s UWB pulse rate.

QC 20151012

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Zhohov, Roman. "Evaluating quality of experience and real-time performance of industrial internet of things." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-71357.

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The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is one of the key technologies of Industry 4.0 thatwill be an integral part of future smart and sustainable production. The current constitutedmodels for estimating Quality of Experience (QoE) are mainly targeting the multimediasystems. Present models for evaluating QoE, specifically leveraged by the expensivesubjective tests, are not applicable for IIoT applications. This work triggers the discussionon defining the QoE domain for IIoT services and applications. Industry-specific KPIs areproposed to assure QoE by linking business and technology domains. Tele-remote miningmachines are considered as a case study for developing the QoE model by taking intoaccount key challenges in QoE domain. As a result, QoE layered model is proposed, whichas an outcome predicts the QoE of IIoT services and applications in a form of pre-definedIndustrial KPIs. Moreover, software tool and analytical model is proposed to be used as anevaluation method for certain traffic types in the developed model.

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Grubitzsch, Philipp. "Intercloud-Kommunikation für Mehrwehrtdienste von Cloud-basierten Architekturen im Internet of Things." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236210.

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Das Internet of Things (IoT) ist aktuell ein junger Wachstumsmarkt, dessen Bedeutung für unsere Gesellschaft in naher Zukunft vielen Menschen erst noch wirklich bewusst werden wird. Die Subdomänen Smart-Home, Smart-Grid, Smart-Mobility, Industrie 4.0, Smart-Health und viele mehr sind wichtig für unsere zukünftige Wettbewerbsfähigkeit, die Herausforderungen zur Bewältigung des Klimawandels, unsere Gesundheit, aber auch für trivialere Dinge wie Komfort. Andererseits ergibt sich hierbei bereits dasselbe große Problem, das in einer ähnlichen Form schon bei klassischem Cloud-Computing bekannt ist: Vendor-Silos, die keinen hersteller- oder anbieterübergreifenden Austausch von Gerätedaten ermöglichen, verhindern eine schnelle Verbreitung dieser neuen Technologie. Diensteanbieter müssen ihre Produkte aufwendig für unzählige Technologien bereitstellen, was die Entwicklung von Diensten unnötig teuer macht und letztendlich das Dienstangebot insgesamt einschränkt. Cloud-Computing wird dabei in Zukunft eine wichtige Rolle spielen. Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem IoT-Gerätedaten an IoT-Clouds plattformübergreifend und anbieterübergreifend nutzbar zu machen. Die Motivation und die adressierte Forschungslücke zeigen die Notwendigkeit der Beschäftigung mit dem Thema auf. Ausgehend davon, wird das Konzept einer dezentral organisierten IoT-Intercloud vorgeschlagen, welches in der Lage ist heterogene IoT-Clouds zu integrieren. Die Analyse des Standes der Technik zeigt, das IoT-Clouds genügend Eigenschaften teilen, um in Zukunft eine Adaption zu einer einheitlichen Schnittstelle für die IoT-Intercloud zu schaffen. Das Konzept umfasst zunächst die Komponentenarchitektur eines Intercloud-Brokers zur Etablierung einer IoT-Intercloud. Ausgehend davon wird in vertiefenden Teilkonzepten ein Discovery-Service zum Finden von Gerätedaten und einem Push-Stream-Provider, für die Zustellung von IoT-Event-Notifications in Echtzeit, behandelt. Eine Evaluation zeigt letztlich die praxistaugliche Realisierbarkeit, Skalierbarkeit und Performance der Konzeption und des implementierten Prototyps.

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Amaro, da Cruz Mauro. "An enhanced multi-protocol middleware solution for Internet of things." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2021. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.

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Dans l'Internet des objets (IoT), les données sont gérées et stockées par un logiciel appelé middleware (situé sur un serveur). L'évolution du concept IoT a conduit à la construction de nombreux intergiciels IoT, des logiciels qui jouent un rôle clé car ils prennent en charge la communication entre les appareils, les utilisateurs et les applications. Plusieurs aspects peuvent impacter les performances d'un middleware. Basée sur une revue approfondie de la littérature associée et sur la proposition d'un modèle de référence pour le middleware IoT, cette thèse propose un nouveau middleware IoT, appelé In.IoT, une solution middleware évolutive, sécurisée et innovante basée sur une revue approfondie du état de l'art et suivant l'architecture middleware de référence proposée dans le cadre de ce travail de recherche. In.IoT répond aux préoccupations middleware des solutions les plus populaires (sécurité, convivialité et performances) qui ont été évaluées, démontrées et validées tout au long de cette étude, et il est prêt et disponible à l'utilisation. Les recommandations et les exigences architecturales d'In.IoT sont détaillées et peuvent être reproduites par des solutions nouvelles et disponibles. Il prend en charge les protocoles de couche application les plus populaires (MQTT, CoAP et HTTP). Ses performances sont évaluées en comparaison avec les solutions les plus prometteuses disponibles dans la littérature et les résultats obtenus par la solution proposée sont extrêmement prometteurs. De plus, cette thèse étudie l'impact du langage de programmation sous-jacent sur les performances globales de la solution grâce à une étude d'évaluation des performances incluant Java, Python et Javascript, identifiant que globalement, Java s'avère être le choix le plus robuste pour le middleware IoT. Les appareils IoT communiquent avec le middleware via un protocole de couche application qui peut différer de ceux pris en charge par le middleware, en particulier lorsque l'on considère que les ménages auront divers appareils de différentes marques. La thèse offre une alternative pour de tels cas, en proposant une passerelle de couche application, appelée MiddleBridge. MiddleBridge traduit les messages CoAP, MQTT, DDS et Websockets en HTTP (HTTP est pris en charge par la plupart des intergiciels IoT). Avec MiddleBridge, les appareils peuvent envoyer un message plus petit à un intermédiaire (MiddleBridge), qui le restructure et le transmet à un middleware, réduisant ainsi le temps qu'un appareil passe à transmettre. Les solutions proposées ont été évaluées par rapport à d'autres solutions similaires disponibles dans la littérature, en tenant compte des métriques liées à la taille des paquets, aux temps de réponse, aux requêtes par seconde et au pourcentage d'erreur, démontrant leurs meilleurs résultats et leur énorme potentiel. En outre, l'étude a utilisé XGBoost (une technique d'apprentissage automatique) pour détecter l'occurrence d'attaques de réplication lorsqu'un attaquant obtient les informations d'identification de l'appareil, en l'utilisant pour générer de fausses données et perturber l'environnement IoT. Les résultats obtenus sont extrêmement prometteurs. Ainsi, il est conclu que l'approche proposée contribue à l'état de l'art des solutions middleware IoT
In Internet of Things (IoT), data is handled and stored by software known as middleware (located on a server). The evolution of the IoT concept led to the construction of many IoT middleware, software that plays a key role since it supports the communication among devices, users, and applications. Several aspects can impact the performance of a middleware. Based in a deep review of the related literature and in the proposal of a Reference Model for IoT middleware, this thesis proposes a new IoT middleware, called In.IoT, a scalable, secure, and innovative middleware solution based on a deep review of the state of the art and following the reference middleware architecture that was proposed along with this research work. In.IoT addresses the middleware concerns of the most popular solutions (security, usability, and performance) that were evaluated, demonstrated, and validated along this study, and it is ready and available for use. In.IoT architectural recommendations and requirements are detailed and can be replicated by new and available solutions. It supports the most popular application-layer protocols (MQTT, CoAP, and HTTP). Its performance is evaluated in comparison with the most promising solutions available in the literature and the results obtained by the proposed solution are extremely promising. Furthermore, this thesis studies the impact of the underlying programming language in the solution's overall performance through a performance evaluation study that included Java, Python, and Javascript, identifying that globally, Java demonstrates to be the most robust choice for IoT middleware. IoT devices communicate with the middleware through an application layer protocol that may differ from those supported by the middleware, especially when it is considered that households will have various devices from different brands. The thesis offers an alternative for such cases, proposing an application layer gateway, called MiddleBridge. MiddleBridge translates CoAP, MQTT, DDS, and Websockets messages into HTTP (HTTP is supported by most IoT middleware). With MiddleBridge, devices can send a smaller message to an intermediary (MiddleBridge), which restructures it and forwards it to a middleware, reducing the time that a device spends transmitting. The proposed solutions were evaluated in comparison with other similar solutions available in the literature, considering the metrics related to packet size, response times, requests per second, and error percentage, demonstrating their better results and tremendous potential. Furthermore, the study used XGBoost (a machine learning technique) to detect the occurrence of replication attacks where an attacker obtains device credentials, using it to generate false data and disturb the IoT environment. The obtained results are extremely promising. Thus, it is concluded that the proposed approach contributes towards the state of the art of IoT middleware solutions

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Manekiya, Mohammedhusen Hanifbhai. "Microwave and RF system for Industrial and Biomedical Applications." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/306624.

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Modern smartphone technology has created a myriad of opportunities in the field of RF and Microwave. Specifically, Chipless RFID sensor, compact microwave filter, antenna based on a microstrip structure, and many more. In this thesis, innovative ideas for the industrial and biomedical device has been explored. The work presents the reconfigurable filter design, Switch-beam antenna, Microwave interferometer, X-band Rotman Lens antenna, Ultra-wideband antenna based on SIW resonator, L-band Stepped Frequency Continuous Wave antenna, development of a wireless sensor system for environmental monitoring, Indoor Air Quality monitoring, and Wildfire Monitoring based on the modulated scattering technique (MST). The MST sensor probes are based on the scattering properties of small passive antennas and radiate part of the impinging electromagnetic field generated by an interrogating antenna, which also acquires the backscattered signal as information. The MST probes are able to deliver data without a radio frequency front end. They use a simple circuit that alternatively terminates the antenna probe on suitable loads to generate a low modulation signal on the backscattered electromagnetic wave. The antenna presented in this work has been designed in ADS Software by Keysight Technologies. The designed antenna has been assessed numerically and experimentally. The experimental measurement data demonstrate the effectiveness of the individual system. Simultaneously, the MST sensor system has been proposed to obtain the best performance in communication range, load efficiency, and power harvesting. The MST sensor has been fabricated and assessed in practical scenarios. The proposed prototype, able to provide a communication range of about 15 m, serves as a proof-of-concept. The acquired measurements of MST demonstrate the accuracy of the data without radio frequency front end or bulky wired connection with the same efficiency of standard wireless sensors such as radio frequency identifier (RFID) or wireless sensor networks (WSN).

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Fabricio, Marcos Aurelio. "Monitoramento de Equipamentos El?tricos Industriais Utilizando IoT." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2018. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1059.

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The objective of this work is to monitor the electrical equipment of a production line, aiming at monitoring in real time the state of the operation of the monitored machines, allowing the accomplishment of equipment management and early detection of operational deviations and faults. The developed system performs the measurement of the effective electric current through monitored equipment, use a network of sensors connected to a data concentrator module, which in turn performs the intermediate storage, the preliminary treatment of the data and the subsequent send an Internet platform of Things (Internet of Things - IoT). The preliminary treatment of data for analysis of the time series of values of electric currents to obtain an initial evaluation of the state of operation of the monitored machine. Then, the pre-processed information is sent via the internet, a usage platform for term storage, post-processing and real-time visualization of the data by users of interest. In the data platform, the data is formatted for visualization and evaluation of the users, allowing the presentation of alerts and knowledge when deviations are detected in relation to the normal operational parameters. When a current consumption behavior deviation is detected, correlating a potential failure type, the system signals additional information to a User's interest group (to the supervisor of the production line, for example), which in a planned manner, proceeds to some intervention without equipment, without prejudice of the production. The availability of the full-time series of stored data as well as the history of occurrences recorded throughout the use of the monitoring system but is still looking for correlations between data of other origins and nature, and the interpretation of the same data under other perspectives beyond the operation or maintenance of the machine. The monitoring system proposed in this work allows to provide a minimum of automation in old machines and opens the possibility of independent, parallel and non-intrusive monitoring in machines that already have a modern supervisory system. An industry that achieves the goal of making all its production equipment fully monitored is credited to take the next step towards Industry 4.0.
Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um sistema de monitoramento de equipamentos el?tricos de uma linha de produ??o, visando o acompanhamento em tempo real do estado de opera??o das m?quinas monitoradas, permitindo a realiza??o da gest?o de opera??o desses equipamentos e a detec??o antecipada de desvios operacionais e de falhas. O sistema desenvolvido realiza a medi??o da corrente el?trica eficaz consumida pelos equipamentos monitorados, utilizando uma rede de sensores conectados a um m?dulo concentrador de dados, que por sua vez realiza o armazenamento intermedi?rio, o tratamento preliminar dos dados e o posterior envio a uma plataforma de Internet da Coisas (Internet of Things - IoT). O tratamento preliminar de dados visa ? an?lise da s?rie temporal dos valores das correntes el?tricas com o fim de obter uma avalia??o inicial do estado de opera??o da m?quina monitorada. Em seguida, essas informa??es pr?-processadas s?o enviadas via internet a uma plataforma de IoT com o objetivo de armazenamento a longo prazo, p?s-processamento e visualiza??o em tempo real dos dados pelos usu?rios de interesse. Na plataforma de IoT, os dados s?o formatados para exibi??o e avalia??o dos usu?rios considerando formatos gr?ficos compreens?veis, sendo poss?vel a emiss?o de alertas e de relat?rios ao serem detectados desvios em rela??o aos par?metros operacionais normais. Ao ser detectado um desvio de comportamento no consumo de corrente, correlacionando a algum tipo de falha em potencial, o sistema sinaliza informa??es adicionais a um usu?rio de interesse (ao supervisor da linha de produ??o, por exemplo), que de forma planejada, procede a alguma interven??o no equipamento, sem preju?zo da produ??o. A disponibilidade da s?rie temporal completa dos dados armazenados bem como o hist?rico de ocorr?ncias registrados ao longo do uso do sistema de monitoramento permite ainda a busca de correla??es entre dados de outras origens e naturezas, e a interpreta??o dos mesmos dados sob outras ?ticas em contextos al?m da opera??o ou manuten??o da m?quina. O sistema de monitoramento proposto permite prover um m?nimo de automa??o em m?quinas antigas e abre a possibilidade de monitoramento independente, paralela e n?o intrusiva em m?quinas que j? contam com um sistema supervis?rio moderno. Uma ind?stria que atinja o objetivo de tornar o conjunto de seus equipamentos produtivos totalmente monitorado se credencia para dar o pr?ximo passo rumo ? Ind?stria 4.0.

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Taloyan, Zoran. "Industry 4.0: Value Generation and Adoption of Digitalization and Industrial IoT in Production : The Case of Swedish Production Focused Companies in Mälardalen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och industriell teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413384.

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In a historical sense, technology has always been used to find practical solutions to certain problems. From the development of heat- and steam engine, to the new revolution of Industry 4.0. Technological advancements are in today’s society becoming more autonomous and automated, with the generation of- and utilization of Big Data. This is mainly the reason for the development of technologies such as “Internet of Things” (IoT) and its adoption and value generation for the manufacturing industry. The technology of IoT, when implemented in an industrial context, are often times refers to as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). As novelty of technology is often times, well researched in a technological sense, the purpose of this thesis has been to extend the understanding of value generation and creation within the context of Industry 4.0 for production focused companies, as well as to find the drivers of adopting IoT into manufacturing. As the thesis is a qualitative study based on prior scientific journals regarding this topic and with data collection from five in-depth interviews, the research framework that has been pursued, has been according to Grounded Theory. The process from raw data, through the creation of 1storder concepts and 2ndorder themes, the resulting findings, has shown that the manufacturing industry finds its value generation and, drivers of adoption within four dimensions that this thesis has concluded: Competitiveness,Optimization, Veracityand Control. From the identified drivers of this thesis, main value are generated through improved data-driven decision-making and meeting future customer demand. Other value generators, are found within optimization of mainly resource and machine optimization within the actual production. Ultimately, where value are being generated with IoT adoption are many, but decreasing risks associated with Supply Chain and transportation are together with above mentioned value generators, where manufacturing firms are find their increased value generation with Industry 4.0 adoption and what drives the manufacturing companies to adopt technologies such as Industrial Internet of Things.

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Johansson, Lundström Malin, and Ingrid Porat. "Hur påverkas produktion i tillverkande företag vid införande av smart teknik? : En studie av de främst påverkade faktorerna undertidsperioden 2011 och framåt." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192551.

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På Hannovermässan, världens ledande mässa inom industriell teknologi, i Tyskland år 2011 myntades begreppet Industrie 4.0 som beskriver den fjärde industriella revolutionen. Denna handlar om att integrera affärsprocesser med ingenjörsprocesser och på så sätt göra produktionen mer effektiv, miljövänlig och flexibel. Sedan 2011 har man även börjat tala om smarta fabriker och införande av smart teknik inom tillverkningsindustrin. Många hävdar att smart teknik och Industrie 4.0, tillsammans med vår tids krav på kundanpassade produkter, kommer att revolutionera den tillverkande industrin och förväntningarna är stora på vad smartteknik kan komma att bidra med. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur produktionen i tillverkande företag påverkas med hjälp av införande av smart teknik. Studien kommer att identifiera och analysera de främst påverkade faktorerna vid införande av smart teknik från år 2011 och framåt. De faktorer som identifierats och studeras närmare är; flexibilitet, kostnader, ledtider, miljöpåverkan, produktkvalitet och tillförlitlighet. I arbetet att hitta de faktorer som främst påverkar produktionen i tillverkande företag vid införande av smart teknik har främst två metoder använts. En inledande litteraturstudie gjordes för att identifiera de vanligast förekommande faktorerna. Valda faktorer verifierades därefter med hjälp av intervjuer och studiebesök hos två tillverkande företag som implementerat smart teknik, Scania CV AB och Volvo Car Corporation. Under vald tidsperiod har dessa företag tillsammans med KTH genomfört projektet FFI Line informationsystem architecture (LISA), där LISA är en variant av en smart fabrik. En slutsats som dragits i denna studie är att de faktorer som främst påverkas med hjälp av smart teknik inom tillverkningsindustrin är några av de som identifierades vid undersökningens start; flexibilitet, kostnader, miljöpåverkan och tillförlitlighet. Exempel på hur dessa påverkas presenteras vidare; om en informationsarkitektur (såsom LISA) implementeras blir det lättare att genomföra förändringar i maskinparken, det gör processkedjan mer dynamisk vilket ger en ökad flexibilitet för företagen. Med hjälp av uppkopplade enheter kan företagen snabbare informeras om fel i produktionen och på så sätt minska mängden kassationer vilket innebär kostnadsbesparingar. Genom att hastighetsanpassa motorer samt att optimera robotars rörelser, exempelvis genom att i större utsträckning använda mjuka rörelser, kan energi sparas och därmed ge en minskad miljöpåverkan. Dock blir företagen vid införande av smart teknik beroende av uppkoppling och det blir då viktigt att säkerställa att tillförlitliga system används om problem uppstår. Andra faktorer som påverkas är ledtider och produktkvalitet, som dock snarare påverkas som konsekvenser av att ovan nämnda faktorer påverkas. Ytterligare en slutsats är att Industrie 4.0 inom svensk tillverkningsindustri betraktas som en evolution snarare än en revolution och att den smarta tekniken är något som implementerats gradvis.
The term Industrie 4.0 was first coined in Germany 2011, at the Hannover Messe, the world’s leading Trade Fair for Industrial Technology. It is a term describing the fourth Industrial Revolution. This revolution concerns making production more efficient, environmentally friendly and flexible, by integrating business processes with engineering processes. Since 2011, smart factories and implementation of smart technology in manufacturing has also been a major talking point. Many claim that smart technology and Industrie 4.0, together with the increasing demands for customization, will revolutionize the manufacturing industry and the expectations for what smart technology will contribute with are great. The purpose of the study is to investigate what factors of the production in manufacturing companies are affected by the introduction of smart technology, from year 2011 onwards. The factors identified and investigated are; flexibility, costs, lead times, environmental impact, product quality and reliability. The study was conducted in two stages. First, a literature study to identify and investigate the factors, and second, visits, interviews and verification of the factors with two manufacturing companies who have both implemented smart technology; Scania CV AB and Volvo Car Corporation. During the selected time period, these companies have, together with KTH, participated in the FFI Line information system architecture project (LISA) project where LISA is a type of smart factory; an information architecture. A conclusion to be drawn is that the factors mostly affected by smart technology within the manufacturing industry are some of those identified in this study; flexibility, costs, environmental impact and reliability. Examples of impact are; if an information architecture (for example LISA) is implemented, it becomes easier to implement changes in the factory. This makes the process chain more dynamic, which gives the company greater flexibility. With the help of connected units, companies are faster informed about errors in the production, which makes it possible to decrease the amount of scrap. This leads to cost savings. Also, by using speed-controlled engines and by optimizing the movements of robots, energy can be saved, which leads to less environmental impact and also cost savings. Though, by implementing smart technology, companies also make themselves dependent on wireless connectivity. Therefore, it becomes important to make sure reliable systems are used. Other factors affected by the implementation of smart technology are lead times and product quality, but they are rather affected as consequences of the affection of the other factors, mentioned above. Another conclusion to be drawn is that Industrie 4.0, within Swedish manufacturing, is considered to be an evolution rather than a revolution and smart technology is something that is implemented gradually.

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Monducci, Francesca. "Infrastruttura Edge-based per Sistemi Predittivi in Ambito Industriale." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24054/.

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Il continuo evolversi della tecnologia ha portato nel corso della storia a diverse rivoluzioni industriali, la cui ultima è la così detta Industria 4.0. Con Industria 4.0 vengono integrate alcune nuove tecnologie mirate al miglioramento delle condizioni di lavoro, alla creazione di nuovi modelli di business e un generale aumento della produttività e della qualità. Alla base di questa rivoluzione industriale si trova l'IoT, che permette la raccolta di grandi quantità di dati, come ad esempio i comportamenti delle macchine industriali. Passando all'elaborazione di questi dati è possibile creare sistemi predittivi, ossia sistemi in grado di predire, in base ai dati storici, i comportamenti futuri, basandosi sui dati correnti. La creazione di questi sistemi richiede una certa potenza di calcolo, offerta dal Cloud. Tipicamente, però, il Cloud non si trova in prossimità della fonte dei dati, perciò l'utilizzo di questi sistemi predittivi sul Cloud porterebbe a latenze e costi elevati, diminuendo quindi l'efficienza del processo. Qui entra in gioco l'Edge, ossia un nodo con una potenza di calcolo inferiore al Cloud, ma che è in grado di eseguire le predizioni. Inoltre, l'Edge si trova in prossimità della fonte dei dati, diminuendo quindi latenze e costi. Esistono diverse tecnologie che permettono l'implementazione di tali processi, tra i quali ioFog. Questa tesi tratta dell'assessment di ioFog per questo scopo, oltre che l'esplorazione e l'utilizzo di tante altre famose tecnologie quali Docker, TensorFlow, Spring Boot e MongoDB.

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Muñoz, Soto Jonathan Mauricio. "Km-scale Industrial Networking." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS252.

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L'Internet des objets (IoT) a pour objectif de fournir une connectivité à des millions d'appareils utilisés au quotidien. Pour la majorité des applications, les connexions filaires sont peu pratiques et trop coûteuses. Par conséquent, les connexions sans fil sont le seul moyen réalisable de fournir une connectivité aux dispositifs. Une des nombreuses solutions sans fil est la norme IEEE802.15.4, conçue pour les réseaux maillés de faible consommation. Cette norme est largement utilisée pour les bâtiments intelligents, la domotique et les applications industrielles. Un amendement ultérieur, IEEE802.15.4g, définit 3 PHY (FSK, OFDM et O-QPSK). Cela cible les applications SUN (Smart Utility Networks), c’est-à-dire le comptage intelligent, tout en offrant une couverture étendue. Dans cette thèse, nous analysons l'utilisation de cette norme en dehors de l'environnement SUN et sur des applications industrielles. Premièrement, nous menons une série d’expériences avec IEEE802.15.4g-dispositifs afin de mesurer la portée des liens dans des scénarios extérieurs réels. Les résultats montrent que des communications très fiables avec des débits jusqu'à 800 kbps (avec OFDM) peuvent être atteintes en milieu urbain à 540 m entre les nœuds, et que la liaison radio la plus longue utile est obtenue à 779 m (FSK). Deuxièmement, nous comparons les performances de la norme IEEE802.15.4 à celle de la norme IEEE802.15.4g OFDM dans les bâtiments intelligents. A partir d'expériences, nous avons déterminé que l'OFDM IEEE802.15.4g surpasse l'IEEE802.15.4 et doit être considéré comme une solution pour les déploiements ultérieurs. Enfin, nous introduisons le concept du réseau agile: des nœuds pouvant modifier dynamiquement leur PHY en fonction de leurs besoins et de leur situation
The Internet of Things (IoT) aims to provide connectivity to millions of devices used in our day-to-day life. For the vast majority of applications, wired connections are unpractical and too expensive, therefore wireless connections is the only feasible way to provide connectivity to the devices. One of many wireless solutions is the standard IEEE802.15.4, specially designed for low power mesh networks. This standard is widely used for Smart Building, Home Automation and Industrial Applications.A subsequent amendment, the IEEE802.15.4g, defines 3 PHYs (FSK, OFDM and O-QPSK). This targets Smart Utility Networks(SUN) applications, i.e., Smart Metering, while providing extended coverage. In this thesis, we analyse the use of this standard outside the SUN environment and onto Industrial Networking applications.First, we conduct a series of experiments using IEEE802.15.4g compliant devices in order to measure the range coverage on radio links in real use case outdoor scenarios. Results show that highly reliable communications with data rates up to 800 kbps (with OFDM) can be achieved in urban environments at 540 m between nodes, and the longest useful radio link is obtained at 779 m (FSK). Sencond, regarding the robustness and high data rate of OFDM, we compare the performance of the IEEE802.15.4 with the IEEE802.15.4g OFDM in Smart Building scenarios. From experiments, we determine that IEEE802.15.4g OFDM outperforms IEEE802.15.4 and should be considered as a solution for further deployments in combination with a TSCH MAC approach. Finally, we introduce the concept of Network Agility: nodes that can dynamically change their PHY according to their needs and circumstances

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Pazzi, Stefano. "Internet of Things ed implementazione del sistema di misurazione della performance in ambito produttivo. Il caso Amadori." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Nel progetto si fa riferimento a diverse tecnologie abilitanti del paradigma dell’Industria 4.0, in particolare all'Internet of Things e al Data Analytics. Viene inoltre trattato il tema del Performance Measurement Systems (PMS): il “collante” dell’intero lavoro, assume notevole importanza in un contesto innovativo. Si considera il caso del Gruppo Amadori. L’obiettivo del progetto è di implementare soluzioni innovative a supporto del processo di formatura e confezionamento per la produzione di articoli a peso fisso in un reparto pilota. Innanzitutto, nella prima fase del lavoro, è stato implementato un PMS che permetta di fornire supporto informativo monitorando l’efficienza in ambito produttivo sia in tempo reale che a consuntivo. Con inefficienza ci si riferisce principalmente alla differenza tra contenuto effettivo e massa nominale del prodotto preconfezionato (giveaway). Si fa quindi riferimento ai Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), alla definizione dei target e all'implementazione di un sistema di controllo interattivo. Per quanto riguarda l’analisi a consuntivo sono stati realizzati reports per rispondere alle diverse esigenze di due differenti funzioni aziendali: il Controllo di Gestione e la Produzione. Successivamente, nella seconda fase ci si focalizza su una linea pilota. Le macchine vengono integrate al fine di attuare un meccanismo di regolazione automatica del peso della macchina a monte in base ai dati rilevati dalla bilancia a valle. In particolare, si fa riferimento alla definizione dell’algoritmo di correzione e alle interfacce che consentono all'operatore di interagire con il tool implementato. Lo strumento, quindi, interviene in maniera prescrittiva sul sistema e rappresenta un’applicazione che si inserisce nel paradigma dell’Industria 4.0. Ciò che ci si aspetta di ottenere dallo sviluppo dell’intero progetto, in particolare dall'integrazione tra le macchine presenti nella linea pilota, è una diminuzione sostanziale del valore del giveaway.

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FRANSSON, JOHN, and MARTIN WÅHLSTRAND. "The effect of IoT on revenue streams and product features within the mechanical industry : Development of a business model." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-236776.

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A mechanical industry company’s need for an effective and suitable business model is higher than ever before due to new emerging technologies, especially within digitalization and Industry 4.0. As the Internet of Things (IoT) trend is emerging, companies need to identify new value propositions and adapt their offerings and revenue models in order to meet the customers’ new demands. The current amount of studies that have been conducted in the area of new business models and product offerings with regards to the IoT technology are limited. Therefore, this study has examined and analyzed how a new business model should be designed and what kind of new product offerings a company in the mechanical industry should offer in the area of IoT and servitization. The literature study contains information about Industry 4.0, Internet of Things and Servitization while the theory study addresses theories regarding the business model canvas together with the KANO model. The study has been executed by conducting eleven semi-structured interviews, where nine of the interviewees were employees at our commissioner and the remaining two were customers of our commissioner. The internal interviews were held with executives and managers who represented eight different divisions as well as three different nationalities. The customer interviewees represented two different companies with different sizes and ownership structures. The results of the study indicate that the IoT technology contributes to several new possible product and service offerings, together with new revenue streams, as well as a need for implementing a new servitized business model. Conclusively, offerings such as predictive maintenance, remote assistance, and machine optimization among others, can be offered to the customers with the help of the IoT technology. Furthermore, new payment models such as upfront payments together with a service agreement with monthly payments, are vital parts of a new business model that has to be implemented. In addition, a closer customer relationship is required when moving towards servitization in the area of digitalization and IoT.
För ett bolag inom verkstadsindustrin finns behovet av en effektiv och passande affärsmodell på grund av de nya digitaliseringskoncepten Industri 4.0 och Internet of Things (IoT). Företag måste identifiera nya värdeskapande erbjudanden och anpassa sina affärsmodeller och intäktsströmmar för att möta kundernas nya behov. Antalet studier som genomförts inom området “nya affärsmodeller och produkterbjudanden baserade på IoT-teknik” är begränsat. Därför har denna studie undersökt och analyserat hur en ny affärsmodell bör kunna se ut med hänsyn till vilka typer av nya produkterbjudanden ett bolag inom verkstadsindustrin borde erbjuda inom området för IoT. I kombination med dessa digitaliseringskoncept, ses konceptet servitization som en möjlig väg för att kunna leverera dessa nya erbjudanden till kunderna. Litteraturstudien innehåller information om Industri 4.0, Internet of Things och servitization medan teoristudien adresserar teorier om business model canvas tillsammans med KANO-modellen. Vi har genomfört elva semistrukturerade intervjuer, där nio utav de intervjuade var anställda hos rapportens beställare och de resterande två var kunder till samma beställare. De interna intervjuerna hölls med chefer på ledande befattningar som representerade åtta olika affärsdivisioner och tre olika nationaliteter. Kunderna som intervjuades representerade två företag av olika storlek och olika ägarförhållanden. Studiens resultat visar på att IoT bidrar till ett antal nya produkt- och serviceerbjudanden, tillsammans med nya intäktsströmmar, och det visar även behovet av att implementera en ny serviceinriktad affärsmodell. Slutsatsen visar att erbjudanden som prediktivt underhåll, fjärråtkomst och maskinoptimering med flera, kan erbjudas till kunden med hjälp av IoT-tekniken. Vidare identifieras nya betalningsmodeller, till exempel direktbetalning för en maskin tillsammans med ett serviceavtal som inkluderar månadsvisa betalningar, som viktiga delar utav den föreslagna affärsmodellen. Slutligen visar studien att starkare kundrelationer måste etabler

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Jansson, Hanna. "Affärsmodeller och det nya paradigmet Internet of Things : En fallstudie om Veolia Nordic med Canvas-modellen som analysverktyg." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-30324.

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Idag talar forskare om en utveckling av digitaliseringen där allt är uppkopplat via ”Internet of Things” (IoT), eller på svenska ”Sakernas Internet”, som innebär att produkter förses med sensorer och inbyggda system. Dessa kan sedan kopplas upp mot Internet så att de olika produkterna kan kommunicera med sin omgivning. Även om forskare är oense om när detta nya paradigm kommer bryta ut, är de överens om att ett användande av IoT på rätt sätt medför fördelar då IoT optimerar och effektiviserar arbetsprocesser i företags värdekedjor. Vidare menar forskare att framgång inte längre är en fråga om teknologi, utan istället en fråga om transformationen hos företag samt vilka affärsmodeller som kan ta till vara på och skapa lönsamhet av denna utveckling. Tidigare forskning om affärsmodeller har fokuserat på innehållsmässiga aspekter i affärsmodellen och kommit fram med konceptuella modeller. En väletablerad sådan är canvas-modellen. Hur canvas-modellen kan användas i praktiken är däremot mindre utforskat. Syftet med denna uppsats har således varit att undersöka hur canvas-modellen fungerar i praktiken genom att utföra en fallstudie på Veolia Nordics nutida affärsmodell samt framtida visioner med hänsyn till Internet of Things (IoT). Uppsatsens undersökning visar att implementeringen av canvas-modellen på Veolias affärsmodell har begränsningar. I dagens ständigt föränderliga och konkurrensutsatta affärsmiljö krävs det att företag söker nya möjligheter samt utvärderar dessa mot affärssammanhang för att hitta en optimal passform. Detta innebär att företag, såsom Veolia, bör se affärsmodellen som en process som kräver progressiva förbättringar, snarare än en statisk bild över nutida data. Vidare anses canvas- modellen vara lämpligare att använda av företag som arbetar med produkter, snarare än tjänster. För att använda modellen som ett verktyg för strategiska beslut i ett företag som Veolia, är det lämpligt att den utvidgas till att karaktärisera fler byggstenar ur ett transformativt perspektiv. I utvecklingen av IoT skulle modellen exempelvis kunna anpassas utefter de särdrag inom paradigmet som forskare nämner i form av säkerhetsåtgärder och ansvarsfrågor då dessa är väsentliga att reflektera över vid beslutsfattande av strategiska initiativ. Sammanfattningsvis har studien visat vikten och nyttan av affärsmodeller samt behovet av att anpassa dessa till externa händelser såsom det nya paradigmet IoT.
Many researchers are currently discussing a development of the digitalization, where everything is connected via Internet of Things (IoT), implying that products are equipped with sensors and embedded systems. These sensors can be connected to Internet in order to communicate with their environment. Although researchers disagree on when this new paradigm will happen, they agree that the usage of IoT entails advantages for companies’ value chains, as it optimizes work processes. Furthermore, researchers argues that success not longer is a question of technology, but rather a question of the transformation of companies, and which business models that could take advantage and generate profit from this development. Previous studies regarding business models are focused on substance of the business model, which have resulted in conceptual models. One well-established model is the canvas-model. The usage of the canvas-model in practice is however less explored. The purpose of this study was thus to examine how the canvas-model works in practice by conducting a case study on the contemporary business model of Veolia Nordic. Future visions with respect to IoT have also been examined. The result of the study implies that the canvas-model is inadequate when implementing it on the business model of Veolia. The business environment is constantly changing and competitive, and businesses need to find innovative possibilities and evaluate them against the business context in order to find optimal solutions. This entails that companies, such as Veolia, should look at the business model as a process that requires progressive improvement, rather than a static image of contemporary data. Furthermore, the canvas- model is considered to be better suited for companies focusing on products, rather than services. To use the model as a tool for strategic decisions in a company like Veolia, it is appropriate that the canvas-model is extended to characterize more building blocks from a transformative perspective. When looking at the development of IoT, the model could be further adapted along the specificities within the paradigm, for example along the terms of security and liability issues, as these are important to consider when making decisions about strategic initiatives. This study has shown the importance of business models and the need to adapt these to external occurrences, such as the new paradigm IoT.

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Ruderer, Marcus, and Signe Stéen. "Digitala Tvillingar : Verklighet eller hype?" Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279724.

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Digitala tvillingar har på de senaste åren blivit ett väldigt aktuellt och omtalat begrepp. I det här examensarbetet undersöks det om termen enbart är en hype eller om det faktiskt är verktyget för att utveckla olika branscher till något bättre. Projektet fokuserar främst på produktions- och utvecklingsindustrin, men även inom exempelvis stadsplanering och motorsport förklaras det vad digitala tvillingar används till. En viktig del i projektet är även Industri 4.0 och Sakernas Internet. Syftet (och resultatet) för det utförda examensarbetet är att ta reda på vad företag anser gynnsamt, såväl som missgynnsamt med digitala tvillingar, samt fastställa vilka barriärer det finns hos ett företag för att börja använda sig av digitala tvillingar. Syftet är även att utforska hur digitala tvillingar införs i ett företags produktutvecklingsprocess, samt vilken roll en fysisk provning får hos ett företag som introducerar digitala tvillingar. I projektets syfte ingår också att ta reda på mer om digitala tvillingar ur ett utvecklingsperspektiv, för att utreda hur kapaciteten förefaller hos en produkt som är testad och utvecklad i kombination med digital och verklig miljö. Vad finns det för data att utläsa, och i vilka fall finns det potential för en digital tvilling? För att nå önskade resultat med projektet har en tablettmaskin skapats i CAD. Med hjälp av den tredimensionella modellen visas det hur en digital tvilling kan användas för produktionsanläggningar (specifikt process- och tillverkningsindustri) genom att montera sensorer på den tredimensionella modellen, som även ska monteras identiskt på en fysisk motsvarighet. Under projektets genomförande undersöks även Gartners hypekurva och därmed vad som är hype och inte hype. I slutet av rapporten diskuteras bland annat vad som är möjligt att simulera med digitala tvillingar och vad som inte är det. Slutsatsen gällande om en digital tvilling är en hype eller inte, resulterar i att digitala tvillingar är ett verktyg som blir vad det skapas till. Anses en digital tvilling vara en hype, ja då kanske det egentligen är själva förväntningarna som är överskattade, och inte den digitala tvillingen i sig.
Digital twins have in recent years become a very current and discussed concept. This thesis examines whether the term is merely a hype or whether it is the tool for developing different industries for something better. The project focuses mainly on the manufacturing and development industry, but also what digital twins are used for in e.g. urban planning and motorsport. An important part of the project is also Industry 4.0 and the Internet of Things (IoT). The purpose (and result) of this Bachelor thesis is to find out what companies consider favourable, as well as unfavourable with digital twins, and to determine what barriers a company encounters to start using digital twins. The purpose is also to explore how digital twins are introduced into a company's product development process, as well as which role a physical test at a company that introduces digital twins has. The purpose of the project also includes finding out more about digital twins from a development perspective, to investigate how the capacity of a product tested and developed in combination with digital and real environment appears. What kind of data is there to read, and in what cases is there a potential for a digital twin? To achieve the desired results, a tablet machine has been created in CAD. The threedimensional model shows how a digital twin can be used for production facilities (specific process- and manufacturing industry) by mounting sensors on the three-dimensional model, which should also be mounted equally on a physical counterpart. During the project's implementation, Gartner's hype curve is also examined and thus what is hype and not hype. At the end of the report there is a discussion including e.g. what is possible to simulate with digital twins and what is not. The conclusion regarding whether a digital twin is a hype or not, results in digital twins being a tool that becomes what it is created for. Is a digital twin considered a hype, well then maybe it is actually the expectations that are overestimated, and not the digital twin itself.

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De, Vasconcelos Batalha Alex, and Andri Linard Parli. "Industry 4.0 with a Lean perspective - Investigating IIoT platforms' possible influences on data driven Lean." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-326122.

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Purpose: To investigate possible connections between an Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) system, such as Predix, and data driven Lean practises. The aim is to examine if an IIoT platform can improve existing practises of Lean, and if so, which Lean tools are most likely influenced and how this is.Design/Methodology: The paper follows a phenomenon-based research approach. The methodology contains of a mix of primary and secondary data. The primary data was obtained through “almost unstructured” interviews with experts, while the secondary data comprises of a comprehensive review of existing literature. Moreover, a model was developed to investigate the connections between the concepts of IIoT and Lean.Findings: Findings derived from expert interviews at General Electric (GE) in Uppsala have led to the conclusion that Predix fulfils the necessary requirements to be considered an IIoT platform. However, the positive effects of the platform on the selected Lean tools could not be found. Only in one instance improved Predix the effectiveness of a Lean tool. Overall, data analytic efforts are performed and let to better in-process control. However, these efforts were independent from the Lean efforts carried out. There was no increase in data collection or analytics due to the Lean initiative and Predix is not utilised for data collection, storage, or analysis. It appears that the pharmaceutical industry is fairly slow in adapting new technologies. Firstly, the high regulatory requirements inherent within the pharmaceutical industry limit the application of cutting edge technology by demanding strict in-process control and process documentation. Secondly, the sheer size of GE itself slows down the adoption of new technology. Lastly, the pragmatic approach of the top management to align the digital strategies of the various industries and thereof resulting allocation of resources to other more technologically demanding businesses hinders the use of Predix at GE in Uppsala.

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Nanto, Darack B. "THE ECO-SMART CAN V2.0." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2018/schedule/39.

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I noticed that the workers had the same itinerary when emptying trashcans, meanwhile trashcans needed urgently to be emptied. Traditionally, ETSU maintenance operate on daily routes to pick trash on designated time, regardless the level of the containers. This leads to overflown trashcan in busy areas or during rush hours in certain areas. This overflown trashcan result in an unclean environment for the community and an unpleasant look of our beautiful campus. The time, resources and labor invested in collecting the trash could be saved. Therefore, I decided to use the Internet of Things (IoT) to create a device that will optimize trash collection, to reduce costs and pollution. The Eco-Smart Can will contain a renewable source of energy such as the solar panel. Furthermore, it will have a compactor as well to decrease the trash volume. The system in the Eco-Smart can will give prior information of the trash level to maintenance facility so that they can empty the trash in a timely manner and preserve the environment.

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Hassan, Basma Mostafa. "Monitoring the Internet of Things (IoT) Networks." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS100.

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Les réseaux « Internet des Objets » se composent de plusieurs millions d’objets qui possèdent une adresse IP et qui peuvent connecter sur Internet. En général, ces objets sont supposé d’être autonomes et peuvent résoudre des tâches; mesurer, traiter et fournir des informations pour les systèmes connectés et pour les utilisateurs. Aussi, ces réseaux sont vulnérables (c.-à-d. : les éléments peuvent être mobiles et la topologie du réseau peut changer dynamiquement), les changements peuvent influencer le (bon) fonctionnement du réseau. De plus, ils peuvent être alimentés par des batteries de durée de vie limitée, ce que nécessite la réduction de leur consommation.Ce travail de thèse aborde un sujet important dans le domaine de l’Internet des Objets, qui consiste à savoir comment assurer la robustesse et le fonctionnement tolérant aux pannes du réseau pour répondre aux exigences des missions critiques. Avec le large déploiement des services IdO, ce problème est deventé ou de détection de pannes et de sécurité industriel où l’état des objets communicants doit être constamment vérifié pour le rétablissement rapide en cas de problème particulièrement crucial pour les applications telles que le monitorage intelligent de sames de communication inattendus. On cherche alors de minimiser le coût du monitorage et l’utilisation de l’énergie, et aussi les charges additionnelles sur les réseaux.Nous avons proposé un algorithme qui vise à réaliser un placement distribué des moniteurs avec une complexité minimale pour le calcul. L’algorithme proposé fonctionne avec RPL. L’objectif principal est d’augmenter la robustesse dans les réseaux IdO ciblant les applications critiques en temps réel via le monitorage des liaisons dans les DODAGs construits par RPL. Dans notre première contribution, le problème est modélisé comme un problème de couverture minimale des sommets (VCP) sur le DODAG. Nous avons développé un algorithme à temps polynomial qui transforme le DODAG en une décomposition arborescente (Nice-Tree Decomposition) avec une largeur arborescente (treewidth) d’unité. Cette stratégie profite de la spécificité des DODAG et a abouti à une réduction significative de la complexité de la résolution du VCP sur les DODAG. Elle peut être résolue en temps polynomial.La deuxième proposition est un modèle approché pour l’optimisation de l’ordonnancement du rôle de monitorage des nœuds dans les réseaux IdO, afin de maximiser la durée de vie des dispositifs embarqués à ressources limitées, tout en minimisant le coût global du monitorage de réseau. Le monitorage de réseau est très coûteux, en particulier pour les réseaux à ressources limitées tels que l’IdO. Par conséquent, le monitorage doit être économe en énergie et avec des frais généraux minimaux sur la performance normale du réseau. Notre travail correspondant contient une proposition d’un modèle mathématique en trois phases pour assurer l’exigence d’une couverture des moniteurs tout en minimisant la consommation d’énergie de monitorage et les frais de communication.Notre modèle proposé décompose le problème abordé en trois problèmes d’optimisation bien connus, il s’agit du problème de couverture de sommets, problème d’affectation généralisé multi-objectives et problème de voyageur de commerce.Dans cette troisième partie, une approche exacte est proposée pour résoudre le problème décrit dans (Contribution 2). Comme nous avons vu, la décomposition en trois phases ne donne pas la solution exacte. Nous avons donc proposé une formulation exacte du problème qui consiste en un problème de l'affectation minimum des tâches de surveillance avec un fonctionnement de surveillance cyclique. Pour cela, nous avons formulé un programme en nombres entiers binaires. L'ordonnancement optimal garantit la couverture du graphe pour la surveillance avec une consommation d'énergie minimale
By connecting billions of things to the Internet, IoT created a plethora of applications that touch every aspect of human life. Time-sensitive, mission-critical services, require robust connectivity and strict reliability constraints. On the other hand, the IoT relies mainly on Low-power Lossy Networks, which are unreliable by nature due to their limited resources, hard duty cycles, dynamic topologies, and uncertain radio connectivity. Faults in LLNs are common rather than rare events, therefore, maintaining continuous availability of devices and reliability of communication, are critical factors to guarantee a constant, reliable flow of application data.After a comprehensive literature review, and up to our knowledge, it is clear that there is a call for a new approach to monitoring the unreliable nodes and links in an optimized, energy-efficient, proactive manner, and complete interoperability with IoT protocols. To target this research gap, our contributions address the correct assignment (placement) of the monitoring nodes. This problem is known as the minimum assignment problem, which is NP-hard. We target scalable monitoring by mapping the assignment problem into the well-studied MVC problem, also NP-hard. We proposed an algorithm to convert the DODAG into a nice-tree decomposition with its parameter (treewidth) restricted to the value one. As a result of these propositions, the monitor placement becomes only Fixed-Parameter Tractable, and can also be polynomial-time solvable.To prolong network longevity, the monitoring role should be distributed and balanced between the entire set of nodes. To that end, assuming periodical functioning, we propose in a second contribution to schedule between several subsets of nodes; each is covering the entire network. A three-phase centralized computation of the scheduling was proposed. The proposition decomposes the monitoring problem and maps it into three well-known sub-problems, for which approximation algorithms already exist in the literature. Thus, the computational complexity can be reduced.However, the one major limitation of the proposed three-phase decomposition is that it is not an exact solution. We provide the exact solution to the minimum monitor assignment problem with a duty-cycled monitoring approach, by formulating a Binary Integer Program (BIP). Experimentation is designed using network instances of different topologies and sizes. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model in realizing full monitoring coverage with minimum energy consumption and communication overhead while balancing the monitoring role between nodes.The final contribution targeted the dynamic distributed monitoring placement and scheduling. The dynamic feature of the model ensures real-time adaptation of the monitoring schedule to the frequent instabilities of networks, and the distributed feature aims at reducing the communication overhead

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KLINGA, PETTER, and ERIK STORÅ. "Vilka utmaningar och hinder möter större tillverkande företag vid implementering av digital och smart teknik samt hur kan dessa åtgärdas? : En studie kring den pågående digitala transformationen av tillverkningsindustrin." Thesis, KTH, Industriell produktion, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-233206.

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Den globala industrin har under det senaste decenniet genomgått en enorm digital transformation, där tillämpandet av digitala och smarta verktyg inom företag aldrig har varit mer påtagligt. Under november 2011 presenterades begreppet Industrial 4.0 i en artikel skriven av den Tyska regeringen som beskriver en teknikintensiv strategi för år 2020 och omfattar vad idag betraktas som den fjärde industriella revolutionen. Industri 4.0 utgörs till stor del av integrationsprocessen mellan teknik och övrig verksamhet inom ett tillverkningsföretag, vilket i sin tur ger upphov till teknik såsom; automation, förstärkt verklighet, simuleringar, intelligenta tillverkningsprocesser samt övriga processindustriella IT-verktyg och -system. Flertal forskningsstudier hävdar att Industri 4.0-teknologier har potential att revolutionera sättet företag idag tillverkar produkter, men i och med att begreppet är relativt nytt, abstrakt samt består av väldigt komplexa tekniker och komponenter, är införandet av dessa inom en tillverkningsmiljö för närvarande en stor utmaning för tillverkande företag. Denna studie syftar alltså till att belysa de utmaningar och hinder som större tillverkande företag möter vid implementering av digital och smart teknik, samt åtgärder för att motverka dessa. Målet med studien är att leverera ett användbart resultat både för aktiva företag inom tillverkningsindustrin i form av stöd vid analys och diskussion av eventuella implementeringsstrategier och -satsningar inom Industri 4.0, men också ge övriga intressenter en uppfattning kring ämnet med tanke på att det, som sagt, är ett abstrakt system. En litteraturstudie genomfördes både för att få en överblick kring ämnet Industri 4.0 och hur det har behandlats i tidigare examensarbeten, avhandlingar samt forskningsstudier, men även för att identifiera tidigare identifierade hinder. Därefter genomfördes fältstudier på två tillverkande företag, Scania och Atlas Copco, samt teknikkonsultföretaget Knightec. Syftet med detta var framförallt att få en mer påtaglig och verklighetsförankrad uppfattning av Industri 4.0 men även verifiera att informationen i den teoretiska delen är relevant i praktiken för en tillverkande verksamhet. Studien påvisade därtill att identifierade utmaningar och hinder återfinns bland flertal organisatoriska områden inom ett tillverkande företag, varav de mest framgående aspekterna omfattade strategi, ledarskap, kunder, kultur, anställda, juridik samt teknik. Resultatet avslöjade vidare att tillverkande företag präglas av bristfälliga planer och strategier för att identifiera samt implementera nya tekniska lösningar, konflikter bland de anställda, svårigheter att integrera kundsystem enhetligt inom produktionen, avsaknad av lämplig teknisk kompetens, juridiska problem vad gäller hantering av data samt svårigheter att integrera nya och gamla teknologier.
The global industry has during the last decade undergone a considerable digital transformation, whereas the application of digital and smart technology within companies has never been more of a relevant field. During November of 2011, the term Industrial 4.0 was presented in an article written by the German government to describe a technology intensive strategy for the year 2020 and signifies what today is defined as the fourth industrial revolution. Industry 4.0 largely consists of the integration process between technology and remaining operations within a manufacturing company, which enables the development of technologies such as; automation, augmented reality, simulations, intelligent manufacturing processes and other process industrial IT-tools and systems. Several research studies has suggested that Industry 4.0 technologies has the potential to revolutionize the way companies today manufacture products, however, since the concept is relatively new, abstract and consists of various complex technologies and components, the implementation process of these within a manufacturing environment is one largest challenges that manufacturing companies are facing. This study therefore aims to highlight the challenges and difficulties that large manufacturing companies are facing when implementing digital and smart technology, as well as provide solutions regarding how they can be overcome. The overall goal is to deliver useful results both for active companies within the manufacturing industry in regards to serving as support when analyzing and discussing possible implementation strategies as well investments related to Industry 4.0, but also to provide surrounding stakeholders with a perception of the subject. At the commencement of the project, a literature study was performed to develop an overview of how Industry 4.0 has been discussed in previous theses and research studies as well as to find previously identified difficulties regarding the implementation process. Finally, a field study was performed at Scania and Atlas Copco and at the technology consulting firm Knightec. The main purpose was to gain a more realistic perspective regarding how digitalization and Industry 4.0 systems are applied and to verify that the information from our theoretical study is relevant and applicable within an actual manufacturing company. The study furthermore revealed that the identified difficulties and challenges can be found within multiple organizational areas of a manufacturing company, whereas the most distinct aspects consisted of strategy, leadership, customers, culture, employees, legal governance as well as technology. The results showed that companies were characterized by an overall lack of strategy to implement new technologies, conflicts with employees during implementation, difficulties to integrate customer orders with production, lack of technical skills in staff, legal issues regarding data storage and difficulties integrating new and old technologies.

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Vitale, Clemente. "Internet of Things." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2012. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/3184/.

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Ekelöf, Alexander, and Mikaela Stålring. "Framtidens industri: Från visionen Industri 4.0 idag till verkligheten imorgon : En fallstudie på HordaGruppen AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för maskinteknik (MT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-53644.

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Företags framtid ligger i dess egna händer; beroende på hur väl de anpassar sig till nya förutsättningar i alla dess former så kommer vissa att överleva medan andra går i graven. Under flera hundra år har utvecklingen inom industrin medfört att företag kommit och gått. Idag står vi enligt flera inför randen till en ny teknisk era med en fjärde industriell revolution som följd, Industri 4.0. Vi har en evolution mot en mer automatiserad tillverkningsindustri där allt fler moment sker utan en människas händer bakom spakarna. Industri 4.0 ses av många som en vision om hur framtiden kommer att se ut inom tillverkningsindustrin. Många av de idéer samt teknik som finns inom denna vision går att ta del av redan idag och möjligheterna till att förbereda sig för framtiden finns redan och det gäller att så snabbt som möjligt börja ställa om för detta. I takt med att industrin och dess konkurrens förändras kommer kraven på kvalité öka samtidigt som tillverkningen måste blir mer resurseffektiv. Området är mycket viktigt att belysa då det är ett nytt område där det tidigare inte skett mycket forskning. Att belysa detta område kan även komma att inspirera andra till ytterligare studier inom området och främja utvecklingen för fler företag än endast fallföretaget i denna studie: HordaGruppen. Syftet med studien har varit att inledningsvis få en förståelse för vilka tankar och idéer om framtiden som finns inom industrin idag för att senare kunna testa lösningar baserade på dessa idéer på några befintliga problem inom HordaGruppen, vars verksamhet finns inom plastindustrin. Lösningarna kan ses som de första stegen mot Industri 4.0 för att underlätta för företaget ifråga inför en framtida utveckling och ger även företaget möjlighet att börja samla in data kring processen, vilket i framtiden ger företag som HordaGruppen en fördel gentemot konkurrenter som påbörjar sin omställning senare. Utgångspunkten för studien har varit en kvalitativ studie med aktionsforskning och fallstudie som angreppsätt. Fallstudien har utförts genom en intervju med John Lejon, affärsutvecklare på HordaGruppen och en öppen diskussion med produktionsledare Valdet Berisha angående maskinen som är fokuserad på. Data till studien har erhållits genom artiklar skrivna inom området samt en intervju med grundaren till ett stort statligt projekt i Tyskland, Philipp Ramin, där de startat ett innovationscentrum för Industri 4.0. Resultatet i rapporten är att med hjälp av dagens teknik går det att ta de första stegen mot visionen Industri 4.0. All teknik finns självklart inte, men med hjälp av den teknik som finns idag kan olika företag inom tillverkningsindustrin dra fördelar av att starta omställningen mot Industri 4.0 redan idag.
The future of industry is in companies own hands. Today we are going to a more automated manufacturing industry where human beings are less involved and it is more crucial than ever before to adapt to new changes in the industry and technology. Internet of things and cyber physical systems are becoming a bigger part of our lives. This case study on HordaGruppen is focused on how HordaGruppen from the plastic industry can develop with some ideas from the vision Industry 4.0 in order to ensure the quality of the product. Most of the technology needed for Industry 4.0 is available today and there is no reason not to start using it. The study will introduce to Industry 4.0 and the basic ideas that the vision stands for and then try to define and solve some problems within one machine in one of their plants. The results presented in this study shows that using sensors and other technology available today you can take the first steps towards Industry 4.0.

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Eriksson, Fredrik. "Internet of Things (IoT): avskalad plattform i Java." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34066.

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The need of smart devices that uses sensors have never been higher and by the year 2020 it will be over 50 billion devices connected to the internet. All these devices that uses a sensor and are connected to the internet are a part of something called Internet of Things. The purpose of this study has therefore been to implement a stripped IoT platform that doesn’t use any external libraries to lower the cost for minor companies that doesn’t need the more advanced and expensive platforms. After the implementation various stress test will be performed to see the performance of the platform. The study has been done through web- based sources and as a programming language Java has been used in the development environment NetBeans, the database has been made with MySQL workbench. The result of the study has been a platform that uses REST to post and get data from the database. The external library mysql- connector-java-5.1.45 was essential for a connection to the database and therefore had to be used. The result of the stress test was that the platform performed well and could handle at least 500 REST calls per second with a small increase in response time, but the standard deviation was considerably higher. The conclusion was that the platform performed stable at 50 – 250 calls per second and because of it being stripped several platforms could be used in a company to divide the work load between them resulting in a both stable and scalable solution.
Behovet för smarta enheter som använder sensorer har aldrig varit högre och det är trott att vid år 2020 kommer mer än 50 miljarder enheter vara uppkopplad mot internet. Alla dessa enheter med sensorer som är anslutna mot internet går under namnet Internet of Things. Syftet med denna studie har därför varit att skapa en avskalad IoT plattform som inte använder externa bibliotek för att hålla ned kostnaderna för de mindre företagen som inte behöver de mer avancerade och dyrare plattformarna. Efter att plattformen blivit implementerad skulle stresstester utförs för att avgöra hur bra den presterar. Studien har genomförts med hjälp av webbaserade källor och programmeringen av plattformen har utförts i programmeringsmiljön NetBeans i språket Java och databasen är skapad i MySQL workbench. Resultatet av studien har gett en plattform som använder REST för att skicka till och hämta data från databasen. Att göra implementeringen utan att använda externa bibliotek gick inte då biblioteket mysql-connector-java-5.1.45 var essentiellt för uppkoppling mot databasen. Stresstesterna gav att plattformen presterade stabilt och kunde hantera åtminstone 500 REST förfrågningar per sekund med endast en liten ökning i svarstiden, dock blev standardavvikelsen för svarstiden betydligt högre. Slutsatsen av studien blev att eftersom plattformen fungerar stabilt för 50 – 250 förfrågningar per sekund och då den tar upp lite processorkraft kan flera plattformar användas i ett företag för att då fördela arbetskraften emellan dem vilket resulterar i en lösning som både är skalbar samt stabil.

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Lavassani, Mehrzad. "Reliable Information Exchange in IIoT : Investigation into the Role of Data and Data-Driven Modelling." Licentiate thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34886.

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The concept of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the tangible building block for the realisation of the fourth industrial revolution. It should improve productivity, efficiency and reliability of industrial automation systems, leading to revenue growth in industrial scenarios. IIoT needs to encompass various disciplines and technologies to constitute an operable and harmonious system. One essential requirement for a system to exhibit such behaviour is reliable exchange of information. In industrial automation, the information life-cycle starts at the field level, with data collected by sensors, and ends at the enterprise level, where that data is processed into knowledge for business decision making. In IIoT, the process of knowledge discovery is expected to start in the lower layers of the automation hierarchy, and to cover the data exchange between the connected smart objects to perform collaborative tasks. This thesis aims to assist the comprehension of the processes for information exchange in IIoT-enabled industrial automation- in particular, how reliable exchange of information can be performed by communication systems at field level given an underlying wireless sensor technology, and how data analytics can complement the processes of various levels of the automation hierarchy. Furthermore, this work explores how an IIoT monitoring system can be designed and developed. The communication reliability is addressed by proposing a redundancy-based medium access control protocol for mission-critical applications, and analysing its performance regarding real-time and deterministic delivery. The importance of the data and the benefits of data analytics for various levels of the automation hierarchy are examined by suggesting data-driven methods for visualisation, centralised system modelling and distributed data streams modelling. The design and development of an IIoT monitoring system are addressed by proposing a novel three-layer framework that incorporates wireless sensor, fog, and cloud technologies. Moreover, an IIoT testbed system is developed to realise the proposed framework. The outcome of this study suggests that redundancy-based mechanisms improve communication reliability. However, they can also introduce drawbacks, such as poor link utilisation and limited scalability, in the context of IIoT. Data-driven methods result in enhanced readability of visualisation, and reduced necessity of the ground truth in system modelling. The results illustrate that distributed modelling can lower the negative effect of the redundancy-based mechanisms on link utilisation, by reducing the up-link traffic. Mathematical analysis reveals that introducing fog layer in the IIoT framework removes the single point of failure and enhances scalability, while meeting the latency requirements of the monitoring application. Finally, the experiment results show that the IIoT testbed works adequately and can serve for the future development and deployment of IIoT applications.
SMART (Smarta system och tjänster för ett effektivt och innovativt samhälle)

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Okumura, Brandon M. "IoTA: Internet of Things Assistant." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2017. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1769.

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The Internet of Things is the networking of electronic devices, or “Things”, that enables them to collect and share data, as well as interact with their physical surround- ings. Analyzing this collected data allows us to make smarter economic decisions. These interconnected networks are usually driven by low-powered micro-controllers or cheap CPUs that are designed to function optimally with very little hardware. As scale and computational requirements increase, these micro-controllers are unable to grow without being physically replaced. This thesis proposes a system, IoTA, that assists the Internet of Things by pro- viding a shared computational resource for endpoint devices. This solution extends the functionality of endpoint devices without the need of physical replacement. The IoTA system is designed to be easily integrable to any existing IoT network. This system presents a model that allows for seamless processing of jobs submitted by endpoint devices while keeping scalability and flexibility in mind. Additionally, IoTA is built on top of existing IoT protocols. Evaluation shows there is a significant performance benefit in processing computationally heavy algorithms on the IoTA system as compared to processing them locally on the endpoint devices themselves.

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Steinkjer, Ole Marius. "Routing and load balancing in Internet of Things (IoT)." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Telematics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-9089.

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The assignment includes the following tasks 1. Study the Telenor Connected Object (COOS) infrastructure 2. Study existing load balancing techniques that are relevant for COOS 3. Make a model of COOS in order to investigate load balancing techniques 4. Propose usage scenarios for COOS which need performance differentiation and load balancing 5. Conduct load balancing experiments on scenarios with different techniques 6. Propose principles for load balancing in COOS • How can you achieve effective routing across different (access) network technologies? Load balancing of traffic – optimised for node performance (e.g. battery and/or bandwidth limitations, least cost routing). How can one distribute load across different networks (e.g. wifi, bluetooth, 3G...) in an effective manner?

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Thomas, Darshana. "Optimal wireless technologies for the Internet of Things (IoT)." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2017. http://digitool.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28633.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) - connection of small smart sensors, actuators and other devices to the Internet - is a key concept within the smart home. To ease deployment, such devices are often wireless and battery powered. An important question is the wireless interface used. As these small sensors are increasing in number, the need to implement these with much more capable and ubiquitous transmission technology is necessary. The ubiquity of Wi-Fi in homes today makes this an attractive option, but the relatively high power requirements of Wi-Fi conflict with the requirement for long battery life and low maintenance. Lower power alternatives, such as Bluetooth and Zigbee, have been proposed, but these have a much smaller installed base. In addition, many Smart Home products are currently available using 433MHz technology. This thesis considers whether it is possible to reduce Wi-Fi power usage to the point where cheap Wi-Fi based products can be used instead of other protocols. A low cost Wi-Fi inbuilt IoT prototype was developed and tested for the purpose of the experiment carried out for this thesis, part of Treegreen project. The work in this thesis undertakes power analysis of a wireless sensor with a System on Chip (SoC) Wi-Fi module, with and without a separate microcontroller, optimized for low power usage which can be used to control the Wi-Fi module. The Wi-Fi chip used within the prototype is the ESP8266- ESP03. Based on the results, in order to optimize the power consumption of the Wi-Fi chip, an MSP430 microcontroller was added onto the existing device. Finally, the IoT data in LTE network is investigated and compared with the real world IoT data.

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Shahid, Mustafizur Rahman. "Deep learning for Internet of Things (IoT) network security." Thesis, Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021IPPAS003.

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L’internet des objets (IoT) introduit de nouveaux défis pour la sécurité des réseaux. La plupart des objets IoT sont vulnérables en raison d'un manque de sensibilisation à la sécurité des fabricants d'appareils et des utilisateurs. En conséquence, ces objets sont devenus des cibles privilégiées pour les développeurs de malware qui veulent les transformer en bots. Contrairement à un ordinateur de bureau, un objet IoT est conçu pour accomplir des tâches spécifiques. Son comportement réseau est donc très stable et prévisible, ce qui le rend bien adapté aux techniques d'analyse de données. Ainsi, la première partie de cette thèse tire profit des algorithmes de deep learning pour développer des outils de surveillance des réseaux IoT. Deux types d'outils sont explorés: les systèmes de reconnaissance de type d’objets IoT et les systèmes de détection d'intrusion réseau IoT. Pour la reconnaissance des types d’objets IoT, des algorithmes d'apprentissage supervisé sont entrainés pour classifier le trafic réseau et déterminer à quel objet IoT le trafic appartient. Le système de détection d'intrusion consiste en un ensemble d'autoencoders, chacun étant entrainé pour un type d’objet IoT différent. Les autoencoders apprennent le profil du comportement réseau légitime et détectent tout écart par rapport à celui-ci. Les résultats expérimentaux en utilisant des données réseau produites par une maison connectée montrent que les modèles proposés atteignent des performances élevées. Malgré des résultats préliminaires prometteurs, l’entraînement et l'évaluation des modèles basés sur le machine learning nécessitent une quantité importante de données réseau IoT. Or, très peu de jeux de données de trafic réseau IoT sont accessibles au public. Le déploiement physique de milliers d’objets IoT réels peut être très coûteux et peut poser problème quant au respect de la vie privée. Ainsi, dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous proposons d'exploiter des GAN (Generative Adversarial Networks) pour générer des flux bidirectionnels qui ressemblent à ceux produits par un véritable objet IoT. Un flux bidirectionnel est représenté par la séquence des tailles de paquets ainsi que de la durée du flux. Par conséquent, en plus de générer des caractéristiques au niveau des paquets, tel que la taille de chaque paquet, notre générateur apprend implicitement à se conformer aux caractéristiques au niveau du flux, comme le nombre total de paquets et d'octets dans un flux ou sa durée totale. Des résultats expérimentaux utilisant des données produites par un haut-parleur intelligent montrent que notre méthode permet de générer des flux bidirectionnels synthétiques réalistes et de haute qualité
The growing Internet of Things (IoT) introduces new security challenges for network activity monitoring. Most IoT devices are vulnerable because of a lack of security awareness from device manufacturers and end users. As a consequence, they have become prime targets for malware developers who want to turn them into bots. Contrary to general-purpose devices, an IoT device is designed to perform very specific tasks. Hence, its networking behavior is very stable and predictable making it well suited for data analysis techniques. Therefore, the first part of this thesis focuses on leveraging recent advances in the field of deep learning to develop network monitoring tools for the IoT. Two types of network monitoring tools are explored: IoT device type recognition systems and IoT network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). For IoT device type recognition, supervised machine learning algorithms are trained to perform network traffic classification and determine what IoT device the traffic belongs to. The IoT NIDS consists of a set of autoencoders, each trained for a different IoT device type. The autoencoders learn the legitimate networking behavior profile and detect any deviation from it. Experiments using network traffic data produced by a smart home show that the proposed models achieve high performance.Despite yielding promising results, training and testing machine learning based network monitoring systems requires tremendous amount of IoT network traffic data. But, very few IoT network traffic datasets are publicly available. Physically operating thousands of real IoT devices can be very costly and can rise privacy concerns. In the second part of this thesis, we propose to leverage Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) to generate bidirectional flows that look like they were produced by a real IoT device. A bidirectional flow consists of the sequence of the sizes of individual packets along with a duration. Hence, in addition to generating packet-level features which are the sizes of individual packets, our developed generator implicitly learns to comply with flow-level characteristics, such as the total number of packets and bytes in a bidirectional flow or the total duration of the flow. Experimental results using data produced by a smart speaker show that our method allows us to generate high quality and realistic looking synthetic bidirectional flows

45

Hamzic, Almira, and Isabel Olofsson. "DNS and the Internet of Things : Outlining the challenges faced by DNS in the Internet of Things." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202591.

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This thesis work consists of a literature study where different aspects of DNS and the Internet of Things have been researched. A functional naming and service identification method is an essential part in making the IoT global, and DNS is the current method of naming devices on the Internet. The study looks into some challenges DNS will encounter, namely functionality, security and availability. This report concludes that a multicast DNS (mDNS) based solution designed for constrained networks is advantageous. This is despite the limited security that is currently available for such a solution. In the future, it is important that security has top priority, as there are currently limited means of security in DNS. Further study is needed when it comes to availability and how name resolving would work with constrained devices that utilise sleep mode.
Detta examensarbete består av en litteraturstudie där olika aspekter av DNS (Domännamnssystemet, eng. Domain Name System) och Sakernas Internet (eng. Internet of Things) har studerats. En fungerande namngivnings-och serviceidentifieringsmetod är en viktig del för att kunna göra Sakernas Internet globalt, och DNS är den nuvarande metoden för att namnge enheter på Internet. Studien undersöker vissa utmaningar som DNS kan stöta på, nämligen funktionalitet, tillgänglighet och säkerhet. Rapportens slutsats är att en lösning baserad på multisändnings-DNS (eng. multicast DNS, mDNS) som är anpassad för begränsade nätverk (eng. constrained networks) är fördelaktig. Detta trots den begränsade säkerhet som finns tillgänglig just nu för en sådan lösning. I framtiden är det viktigt att säkerheten har högsta prioritet, eftersom säkerheten är begränsad hos DNS. Det behövs ytterligare studier när det gäller tillgänglighet och hur adressöversättning skulle fungera med begänsade enheter (eng. constrained devices) som använder viloläge.

46

Cooper, Ke'ahi. "Security for the Internet of Things." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-172526.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging paradigm that will change theway we interact with objects and computers in the future. It envisions a globalnetwork of devices interacting with each other, over the Internet, to perform auseful action. As such, quite a number of useful and benecial applications ofthis technology have been proposed.Although a convenient technology, the use of IoT technology will add additionalrisks to our lives that the traditional Internet did not have. This is primarilybecause IoT technology allows the virtual world to directly aect the physicalworld.Therefore, ensuring security is of paramount importance for IoT technology. Assuch, this thesis has two aims. First, we will identify the security issues for IoTtechnology as well as highlight what approaches academia has developed to resolvethem. This will allow us to see the state of this technology along with whatstill needs to be done in the future. Secondly, we will analyze some security protocolsproposed by academia and evaluate whether they ensure condentialityand authenticity.A literature survey is used to achieve the rst goal and the results show thatalthough a lot of research has been performed regarding security for IoT environments.We still have quite a way to go before a full holistic system isdeveloped which ensures all the security requirements for IoT.The results for the security protocol analysis shows that less than half of theprotocols proposed ensured authenticity and condentiality; despite the factthat their respective papers claim that they did. Therefore, we emphasize thefact that good peer reviews need to be enforced and that protocols need to bevalidated to ensure what is proposed performs as described.

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Pavlíček, Tomáš. "Potenciál IoT v Smart city." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-261976.

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The aim of this masters thesis is to identify, in which phase of adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) application areas of concept Smart City are nowadays Czech regional cities, what is their outlook to 2025 and also identify in which dimensions of concept Smart city, supported by IoT technologies, perceive Czech regional cities the greatest potential. Based on information obtained from the studied materials, the concept of Internet of Things (IoT) is described, along with a detailed description of one of its application area, namely Smart City. This area is further divided into specific dimensions, that cover specific application areas which can, through internet technology, support things in a special way. With these insights, the questionnaire (built on identified IoT application areas of smart city) was developed. Thesis should be beneficial for all towns in the Czech Republic, because it provides a comprehensive view of individual IoT application areas of concept Smart City including information on which of these IoT application areas are currently focusing regional cities, and on which they want to focus to the future. On the other hand, the survey results could also be beneficial for commercial entities, which focus on IoT implementation in cities. These entities will be able to recognise which IoT products are currently best for cities.

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Vargas, Vargas Fernando. "Cloudlet for the Internet-of- Things." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-191433.

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With an increasing number of people currently living in urban areas, many cities around the globe are faced with issues such as increased pollution and traffic congestion. In an effort to tackle such challenges, governments and city councils are formulating new and innovative strategies. The integration of ICT with these strategies creates the concept of smart cities. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a key driver for smart city initiatives, making it necessary to have an IT infrastructure that can take advantage of the many benefits that IoT can provide. The Cloudlet is a new infrastructure model that offers cloud-computing capabilities at the edge of the mobile network. This environment is characterized by low latency and high bandwidth, constituting a novel ecosystem where network operators can open their network edge to third parties, allowing them to flexibly and rapidly deploy innovative applications and services towards mobile subscribers. In this thesis, we present a cloudlet architecture that leverages edge computing to provide a platform for IoT devices on top of which many smart city applications can be deployed. We first provide an overview of existing challenges and requirements in IoT systems development. Next, we analyse existing cloudlet solutions. Finally, we present our cloudlet architecture for IoT, including design and a prototype solution. For our cloudlet prototype, we focused on a micro-scale emission model to calculate the CO2 emissions per individual trip of a vehicle, and implemented the functionality that allows us to read CO2 data from CO2 sensors. The location data is obtained from an Android smartphone and is processed in the cloudlet. Finally, we conclude with a performance evaluation.
Med en befolkning som ökar i urbana områden, står många av världens städer inför utmaningar som ökande avgaser och trafikstockning. I ett försök att tackla sådana utmaningar, formulerar regeringar och stadsfullmäktige nya och innovativa strategier. Integrationen av ICT med dessa strategier bildar konceptet smart cities. Internet of Things (IoT) är en drivande faktor för smart city initiativ, vilket gör det nödvändigt för en IT infrastruktur som kan ta till vara på de många fördelar som IoT bidrar med. Cloudlet är en ny infrastrukturell modell som erbjuder datormolnskompetens i mobilnätverkets edge. Denna miljö karakteriseras av låg latens och hög bandbredd, utgörande ett nytt ekosystem där nätverksoperatörer kan hålla deras nätverks-edge öppet för utomstående, vilket tillåter att flexibelt och snabbt utveckla innovativa applikationer och tjänster för mobila subskribenter. I denna avhandling presenterar vi en cloudlet-arkitektur som framhäver edge computing, för att förse en plattform för IoT utrustning där många smart city applikationer kan utvecklas. Vi förser er först med en överblick av existerande utmaningar och krav i IoT systemutveckling. Sedan analyserar vi existerande cloudlet lösningar. Slutligen presenteras vår cloudlet arkitektur för IoT, inklusive design och en prototyplösning. För vår cloudlet-prototyp har vi fokuserat på en modell av mikroskala för att räkna ut CO2 emissioner per enskild resa med fordon, och implementerat en funktion som tillåter oss att läsa CO2 data från CO2 sensorer. Platsdata är inhämtad med hjälp av en Android smartphone och behandlas i cloudlet. Det hela sammanfattas med en prestandaevaluering.

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Ding, Yuxia. "Internet of Things : Quantitative Evaluation on Microsoft Azure IoT Suite." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för informationssystem och -teknologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-31006.

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The Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly gaining ground in our daily life. There is a trend that the number of devices and data increases rapidly in the future. Meanwhile, IoT platforms are emerging to enable people conveniently deal with the IoT and these huge amount of data and devices. Therefore, the goal in this paper is to perform a quantitative evaluation on Microsoft Azure, one of the IoT platform, about its advantages and disadvantages under press to determine if Azure IoT is fit for future IoT. In order to reach this goal, Azure IoT Hub is used as a bridge to connect and manage lots of IoT devices which send and receive huge amount of data. .NET is used to simulate devices and connect them to the IoT Hub. The two-way communication from sensor to cloud and from cloud to actuator is implemented through MQTT protocol. This paper makes measurements on three metrics including response time from sensor sending messages to actuator receiving messages, scalability and cost and analyzes them in detail. Besides, the analysis is also made in a specific scenario which has high demand on sensor update to see how Azure IoT performs. Finally, conclusion is made on Microsoft Azure IoT's advantages and disadvantages under stress.

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Kalashnikov, A., H. Zhang, J. Jennings, and M. Abramriuk. "Remote laboratory: using Internet-of-Things (IoT) for E-learning." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/55781.

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In order to equip engineering E-learners with realistic hands-on laboratory experience, remote access to an operating lab may be provided. Such an access can be implemented using live video streaming from a physical lab coupled with IoT telemetry and telecontrol. The progress of an ongoing remote laboratory project is presented. Three different video streaming solutions were compared side-by-side, the back end electronic architecture was fully developed and the most notable observations are now reported.

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