Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Industrial multi-component systems"

AbstractA sustainable reconfigurable manufacturing system is one of the most important topics concerning sustainability. Basically, the reconfigurable manufacturing systems have two streams. One is the machine-intensive and the other is the labour-intensive. The machine-intensive means a cell formation problem (CFP) or a reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS). On the other hand, the labour-intensive means a cellular manufacturing (CM) or a Cell Production System (CPS). Almost all manufacturing sites have these assembly lines separately, however, some advanced manufacturing sites have adopted both CM and CPS in order to absorb variability of demand and operators under the environment of limited multi-skilled operators. When the operators are replaced by industrial robots in the real world, they are called robotic cells and focused as an important component of the cyber-physical system in the large number of recent papers. Therefore, this paper tackles to indicate a multi-period mixed integer programming model to solve simultaneously 2-type cell systems considering multi-skilled operators and industrial robots on reconfigurable manufacturing cells sustainably. Firstly, the traditional model is redefined by new parameters. Secondly, the proposed model is solved by 2-phase optimization problems. Finally, the proposed model is compared with the traditional model by using numerical experiments.

AbstractAluminum and its alloys have been widely used in aerospace and other industrial fields. Aluminum and its alloy structures are prone to surface and subsurface cracks when they are used in harsh environments. In this paper, a novel phase reversal feature is found to classify and evaluate cracks using the multi-frequency alternating current field measurement (ACFM) technique. The theoretical model of the phase reversal feature is developed. The distorted electromagnetic field and response signals of surface and subsurface cracks are analyzed by the finite element method. The multi-frequency ACFM testing system is set up. The experiments are carried out to test surface and subsurface cracks. The results show that the response signals of the surface and subsurface cracks have distinct characteristic due to the phase reversal feature using the multi-frequency ACFM technique. The surface and subsurface cracks can be classified by the amplitude reversal phenomenon of the Bz signal caused by the novel phase reversal feature. The buried depth of the subsurface crack can be evaluated accurately by the reversal frequency component.

Maritime transport is critical for global and Japanese transportation infrastructure, facing crew and driver limits. Although autonomous ships are expected as a solution to tackle these limitations, the enabling environment, such as regulations, governance, and social acceptance is essential for their implementation along with technology. Industrial roadmaps can guide the design of autonomous ships, aligning user needs with technology. This study proposes a multi-layered approach to clarify the relationship among industrial systems, navigation systems, and component system performance and to design the concept of autonomous vessels and industrial policies in an integrated manner. The industrial model explores the appropriate decision-making set for maritime stakeholders and presents possible introduction roadmaps. The navigation model evaluates the performance of subsystems to achieve safety goals. This comprehensive approach defines the necessary steps for technology realization and supports achieving broader social goals. Future work will focus on validating these models through interactive workshops with decision-makers and expanding simulation scenarios to enhance the realism and practicality of the simulations.

The chapter deals with distributed multi-agent reconfigurable embedded control systems following the component-based International Industrial Standard IEC61499 in which a Function Block (abbreviated by FB) is an event-triggered software component owning data and a control application is a distributed network of Function Blocks that have classically to satisfy functional and to meet temporal properties described in user requirements. The authors define a new reconfiguration semantic where a crucial criterion to consider is the automatic improvement of the system’s performance at run-time, in addition to its protection when hardware faults occur. To handle all possible cases in industry, the authors classify thereafter the reconfiguration scenarios into three forms before the authors define an architecture of reconfigurable multi-agent systems where a Reconfiguration Agent is affected to each device of the execution environment to apply local reconfigurations, and a Coordination Agent is proposed for any coordination between devices in order to guarantee safe and adequate distributed reconfigurations. A Communication Protocol is proposed in our research work to handle coordinations between agents by using well-defined Coordination Matrices. The authors specify both the reconfiguration agents to be modelled by nested state machines, and the Coordination Agent according to the formalism Net Condition/Event Systems (Abbreviated by NCES) which is an extension of Petri nets. To verify the whole architecture, the author check by applying the model checker SESA in each device functional and temporal properties described in the temporal logic “Computation Tree Logic”, but the authors have also to check any coordination between devices by verifying that whenever a reconfiguration is applied in a device, the Coordination Agent and other concerned devices should react as described in user requirements. The chapter’s contributions are applied to two Benchmark Production Systems available in our research laboratory.

The monograph is devoted to the problem of complex aerospace technique (AST) design usingmodern design tool based on component representation of multilevel AST structure.The relevance of the research topic is related to the increasing complexity of designed ASTproducts and requirements to reduce development time and minimize design risks.The aim of the study is to create a new methodology for architecture-oriented synthesis based on acomponent-based representation of a complex AST structure.In realizing the goal of the research, the tasks of AST component architecture decomposition;forming a set of components from past experience as well as innovative components; forminga database and knowledge of past experience based on precedents; creating a technology forsystem design of AST multilevel structure; minimizing design risks and ensuring project feasibilityfor creating innovative AST products were considered. The methodological basis of the conductedresearch is a systematic representation of the component multilevel structure of AST with activeuse of the experience of past developments. The competitiveness of new AST products is achieved byan optimal combination of components from past developments and new innovative components.By using the system technology of top-down synthesis, a multi-level component structure of AST isformed. The new AST product uses a multi-level precedent base of proven components from pastAST developments to find the right components. New AST components lead to increased timeand risk in the design and affect the feasibility of the project, which is investigated at all stagesof the AST development lifecycle. Scientific novelty and originality of the study are associatedwith the formation of a new system methodology based on the component design of complexhigh-tech products AST and the active use of positive experience of past developments.The mathematical methods used are: system analysis, component design, precedent approach,project management theory, cluster analysis, methods of qualitative evaluations, optimizationmethods, simulation modeling methods. For managers and specialists of research organizationsand industrial enterprises, teachers, students, masters and graduate students of highereducational institutions.

This study presents the development and characterization of novel hybrid non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) for structural adhesive applications. A one-pot synthesis method at room temperature was developed, combining polyfunctional cyclic carbonates, diethylenetriamine, and epoxy. Kinetic investigations revealed significant differences between bi- and tricyclic carbonates, with tricyclic variants demonstrating superior curing kinetics. The hybrid NIPUs exhibited remarkable lap-shear strengths of 14–16 MPa on untreated aluminum and planed beech wood after 12 hours of room-temperature curing. The absence of isocyanates offers health and safety advantages in various applications. The versatility of hybrid NIPUs was demonstrated through their broad adhesion spectrum and adaptable mechanical properties, positioning them as promising candidates for diverse industrial applications, including battery component encapsulation and multi-material laminates. While challenges remain, particularly in the availability of higher-functional cyclic carbonates, this research opens new avenues for high-performance adhesive systems.

Sol-gel method is a novel technology of producing new materials in a convenient and cost-effective way. This method allows a highly ordered and well-connected network structure to be developed and better controlled. It is a simple procedure to produce homogenous multi-component systems. Homogenous mixed oxides can be developed by combining different molecular precursor solutions. The advantages of sol-gel method include its simplicity, affordability, controllability, and ability to mass production of nano-sized particles with large surface areas. Due to this simplicity and versatility, sol-gel technology has higher admiration and industrial application compared to many prevailing methods and is widely being used in various fields. Sol-gel procedure has been comprehensively used as a common and practical way for the development of nano-structured materials for a wide range of applications. This chapter primarily concentrates on the fundamentals of sol-gel science, particularly with respect to the development of nanoparticles, and their numerous applications, with a focus on more recent, sophisticated, and advanced applications.

Circular economy provides an efficient framework for effective biomass valorization, through strategic use and processing of resources and waste reuse. Being the second largest energetic crop, rapeseed (RS) presents a high potential in this sense. However, good management of the large quantity of generated wastes from agro-industrial activities is required. The most common management strategies in this sense refer to the reuse of RS wastes (mainly stems and press-cake) for animal feed, compost, soil amendment and fertilizer. Valorization of RS wastes as adsorbent for wastewater treatment is attractive. Despite the fact that only few articles on this subject exist in literature, they are sufficient to reflect the potential of this adsorbent to remove both inorganic and organic compounds from aqueous phase. The rapeseed wastes were used in native form (for diluted effluents) or modified by chemical or thermal treatment (for concentrated effluents or large molecule contaminants). This chapter will provide a review on the RS wastes management strategies, highlighting the applications for removing contaminants from wastewater in single and multi-component systems, in static or continuous operation mode.

Thermal separation processes, such as distillation, play a pivotal role in the chemical and petrochemical sectors, constituting a substantial portion of the industrial energy consumption. Consequently, owing to their huge application scales, these processes contribute significantly to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Decarbonizing distillation units could mitigate carbon emissions substantially. Heat Pumps (HP), that recycle lower quality heat from the condenser to the reboiler by electric work present a unique opportunity to electrify distillation systems. In this research we try to answer the following question in the context of multi-component distillation � Do HPs actually reduce the effective fuel consumption or just merely shift the fuel demand from chemical industry to the power plant? If they do, what strategies consume minimum energy? To address these inquiries, we construct various simplified surrogate and shortcut models designed to effectively encapsulate the fundamental physics of the system. These models are integrated into a superstructure-based Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programming (MINLP) formulation, which is amenable to global optimization algorithms aimed at minimizing the effective fuel consumption of the system. Moreover, through the examination of a toy 4-component alcohol separation example, we demonstrate how HPs can notably reduce carbon emissions, even when the consumed electricity is generated by burning fossil fuels.

Abstract Corrosion under Insulation (CUI) is one of the costliest problems facing the Oil & Gas and Process industries today. According to corrosion engineers, problems such as major equipment outages and unexpected maintenance costs stemming from CUI account for more unplanned downtime than all other causes. Thermal insulation of piping, valves, tanks or vessels is achieved by an INTEGRAL SYSTEM comprising of corrosion mitigation coating, thermal insulation media, and external cladding. If there is a failure of any of the three components this will result in the failure of the entire system or loss of long-term purpose of the system. Corrosion under insulation (CUI) generally originates as a result of ingress of water from various sources such as rainfall, cooling tower drift, steam discharge, wash downs and, because insulation is not vapour tight, condensation. In the past manufacturers of the three separate components frequently compete between themselves who has the best component, forgetting that the failure of the two remaining components may negate superiority of their particular component. There are numerous corrosion mitigation coatings, a wide variety of different types of thermal insulation media, or types of external cladding. It is often the best combination of the three which results in the BEST THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEM that has the best chance in minimizing the CUI and fulfilling the long-term thermal insulation function. Apart from the costs incurred by equipment or process outages there are also other costs that are sometimes not considered and this is time taken to apply and handle the CUI coating system and the amount of repairs to CUI coatings in the field that occur adding to installed costs of the CUI system and increased project costs. Coatings utilised for the mitigation of CUI have been prominent for decades and are described in detail in NACE Standard SP0198-20101, “The Control of Corrosion Under Thermal Insulation and Fireproofing Materials - A Systems Approach” More recently, from the early 2000's, dedicated CUI coatings have been formulated but have been seen to be either; Too soft, often difficult to handle without damage in new construction or refurbishment scenarios such as piping and valves resulting in delays to installation of the coated specimenToo hard and brittle, often difficult to handle without damage in new construction or refurbishment scenarios such as piping and valves resulting in increased repairs The challenge laid down by the customers to the coating manufacturers is to develop next generation CUI coatings combining both flexibility and also mechanical performance without detracting from the thermal and anti-corrosion performance which will lead to a decrease in in field remedial works. This however this is only one part of the CUI mitigation system and does not get away from the fact that one of the major potential contributors to CUI is the type of insulation itself. This paper will detail the performance differences between 1st generation and the next generation of ‘Multi Polymeric Inorganic Copolymer ‘and the proven benefits observed by the end user in the field but will also look at the alternatives to traditional insulation in the fight against CUI.

Abstract The extent of Top-of-the-Line Corrosion (TLC) can be reduced using volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCIs). The selection of the correct VCIs depends of course on the operating conditions (pCO2, pH2S, temperature, hydrocarbon co-condensation, organic acid concentration) and on the intrinsic properties of the inhibitor itself (water solubility, volatility, active components). Yet, the method used to inject the VCIs inside the producing pipeline could also be of practical importance, especially considering the complex environment of a multi-component condensing system. A concern among the related industries is the lack of a methodology that would allow for conducting experiments mimicking the field conditions and provide a guideline for extrapolating the experimental results to a larger scale. In this study, a methodology was developed to investigate the effect of injection methods on the inhibition efficiency of VCIs (model compounds decanethiol and hexanethiol). For this purpose, a system of two connected glass cells was designed enabling the injection of the VCIs into the system either through the liquid or directly into the gas phase. The experiments were conducted in the presence of a condensable hydrocarbon (n-Heptane) to investigate the partitioning effect. The results show that injection of the inhibitor through the gas or liquid phase has no influence on its inhibition efficiency, as long as the VCI is sufficiently volatile. Moreover, regardless of the injection method, the hydrocarbon phase interferes with the inhibition by decanethiol while it has no influence on hexanethiol. For a larger scale, it can be concluded that any length of pipe can be protected by an inhibitor injected through the liquid or gas phase if the inhibitor is an effective VCI.

There is much to learn from the recent New Zealand and Japan earthquakes. These earthquakes produced differing levels of liquefaction-induced ground movements that damaged buildings, bridges, and buried utilities. Along with the often spectacular observations of infrastructure damage, there were many cases where well-built facilities located in areas of liquefaction-induced ground failure were not damaged. Researchers are working on characterizing and learning from these observations of both poor and good performance. The “Liquefaction-Induced Ground Movements Effects” workshop provided an opportunity to take advantage of recent research investments following these earthquake events to develop a path forward for an integrated understanding of how infrastructure performs with various levels of liquefaction. Fifty-five researchers in the field, two-thirds from the U.S. and one-third from New Zealand and Japan, convened in Berkeley, California, in November 2016. The objective of the workshop was to identify research thrusts offering the greatest potential for advancing our capabilities for understanding, evaluating, and mitigating the effects of liquefaction-induced ground movements on structures and lifelines. The workshop also advanced the development of younger researchers by identifying promising research opportunities and approaches, and promoting future collaborations among participants. During the workshop, participants identified five cross-cutting research priorities that need to be addressed to advance our scientific understanding of and engineering procedures for soil liquefaction effects during earthquakes. Accordingly, this report was organized to address five research themes: (1) case history data; (2) integrated site characterization; (3) numerical analysis; (4) challenging soils; and (5) effects and mitigation of liquefaction in the built environment and communities. These research themes provide an integrated approach toward transformative advances in addressing liquefaction hazards worldwide. The archival documentation of liquefaction case history datasets in electronic data repositories for use by the broader research community is critical to accelerating advances in liquefaction research. Many of the available liquefaction case history datasets are not fully documented, published, or shared. Developing and sharing well-documented liquefaction datasets reflect significant research efforts. Therefore, datasets should be published with a permanent DOI, with appropriate citation language for proper acknowledgment in publications that use the data. Integrated site characterization procedures that incorporate qualitative geologic information about the soil deposits at a site and the quantitative information from in situ and laboratory engineering tests of these soils are essential for quantifying and minimizing the uncertainties associated site characterization. Such information is vitally important to help identify potential failure modes and guide in situ testing. At the site scale, one potential way to do this is to use proxies for depositional environments. At the fabric and microstructure scale, the use of multiple in situ tests that induce different levels of strain should be used to characterize soil properties. The development of new in situ testing tools and methods that are more sensitive to soil fabric and microstructure should be continued. The development of robust, validated analytical procedures for evaluating the effects of liquefaction on civil infrastructure persists as a critical research topic. Robust validated analytical procedures would translate into more reliable evaluations of critical civil infrastructure iv performance, support the development of mechanics-based, practice-oriented engineering models, help eliminate suspected biases in our current engineering practices, and facilitate greater integration with structural, hydraulic, and wind engineering analysis capabilities for addressing multi-hazard problems. Effective collaboration across countries and disciplines is essential for developing analytical procedures that are robust across the full spectrum of geologic, infrastructure, and natural hazard loading conditions encountered in practice There are soils that are challenging to characterize, to model, and to evaluate, because their responses differ significantly from those of clean sands: they cannot be sampled and tested effectively using existing procedures, their properties cannot be estimated confidently using existing in situ testing methods, or constitutive models to describe their responses have not yet been developed or validated. Challenging soils include but are not limited to: interbedded soil deposits, intermediate (silty) soils, mine tailings, gravelly soils, crushable soils, aged soils, and cemented soils. New field and laboratory test procedures are required to characterize the responses of these materials to earthquake loadings, physical experiments are required to explore mechanisms, and new soil constitutive models tailored to describe the behavior of such soils are required. Well-documented case histories involving challenging soils where both the poor and good performance of engineered systems are documented are also of high priority. Characterizing and mitigating the effects of liquefaction on the built environment requires understanding its components and interactions as a system, including residential housing, commercial and industrial buildings, public buildings and facilities, and spatially distributed infrastructure, such as electric power, gas and liquid fuel, telecommunication, transportation, water supply, wastewater conveyance/treatment, and flood protection systems. Research to improve the characterization and mitigation of liquefaction effects on the built environment is essential for achieving resiliency. For example, the complex mechanisms of ground deformation caused by liquefaction and building response need to be clarified and the potential bias and dispersion in practice-oriented procedures for quantifying building response to liquefaction need to be quantified. Component-focused and system-performance research on lifeline response to liquefaction is required. Research on component behavior can be advanced by numerical simulations in combination with centrifuge and large-scale soil–structure interaction testing. System response requires advanced network analysis that accounts for the propagation of uncertainty in assessing the effects of liquefaction on large, geographically distributed systems. Lastly, research on liquefaction mitigation strategies, including aspects of ground improvement, structural modification, system health monitoring, and rapid recovery planning, is needed to identify the most effective, cost-efficient, and sustainable measures to improve the response and resiliency of the built environment.