Готові списки джерел за темами / Industry placements

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Industry placements"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Industry placements"

Pymm, Bob, and Primoz Juznic. "The view from industry: LIS students on placement." Library Review 63, no. 8/9 (October 28, 2014): 606–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lr-01-2014-0013.

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Purpose – This paper aims to report on the outcomes of a survey of organisations in Australia and Slovenia hosting undergraduate Library and Information Studies (LIS) students on professional placement to better understand the reasons behind organisations accepting students, the workload implications and their satisfaction with the process. Design/methodology/approach – Hosting organisations were asked to complete a survey on various aspects of the placement process. Findings – For both countries, hosts reported favourably on their experience, and virtually, all felt that while it was a real commitment of time and resources on their part, it was a responsibility they were happy to take on. There was little difference between the two cohorts, suggesting that the findings from this research may be an accurate picture of the situation for LIS placements hosts more generally. The positive view of the placement and the belief in its role in LIS education is further strengthened by this study. Research limitations/implications – The research suggests that hosting students is not seen as an onerous task, but one which brings benefits to both parties. This will be useful in promoting student placements when looking for new host opportunities. Originality/value – This study has added to the limited literature in the LIS field on the experience of host organisations. Obtaining similar results across two countries added to the reliability of the findings which will help inform those planning future student placements.

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Burdett, Jane, and Sandy Barker. "University students in the workplace strategies for successful industry placement experiences." Development and Learning in Organizations: An International Journal 31, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dlo-11-2015-0090.

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Purpose Increasing numbers of university students in USA, UK and Australia are undertaking industry placements to gain workplace experience. However, outcomes are not always as expected. This paper aims to identify challenges for universities and host organizations in delivering quality student industry placement and presents strategies to achieve successful learning outcomes. Design/methodology/approach The reflections, evaluation and feedback data received from stakeholders, namely, university students, host organizations and faculty mentors in a large Australian university were used to formulate strategies. Findings Lessons learned from the authors’ experience in industry placement programs over 5 years with 180 students in 127 organizations indicate that careful planning and management of placements is needed to achieve successful learning outcomes. Research limitations/implications Further research into the application of these strategies in other universities would be valuable. Practical implications Lessons learned and recommendations offered provide strategies to assist in planning and management of industry placements. Originality/value Given the growing popularity of work experience in university programs, this should be of interest to faculty and organizations.

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Wadey, Rebecca, and Devon Shannon. "Q&A: Placements in industry." Physiology News, Autumn 2013 (September 1, 2013): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.36866/pn.92.34.

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Thiruvady, Dhananjay, Kerri Morgan, Susan Bedingfield, and Asef Nazari. "Allocating Students to Industry Placements Using Integer Programming and Ant Colony Optimisation." Algorithms 14, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a14080219.

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The increasing demand for work-ready students has heightened the need for universities to provide work integrated learning programs to enhance and reinforce students’ learning experiences. Students benefit most when placements meet their academic requirements and graduate aspirations. Businesses and community partners are more engaged when they are allocated students that meet their industry requirements. In this paper, both an integer programming model and an ant colony optimisation heuristic are proposed, with the aim of automating the allocation of students to industry placements. The emphasis is on maximising student engagement and industry partner satisfaction. As part of the objectives, these methods incorporate diversity in industry sectors for students undertaking multiple placements, gender equity across placement providers, and the provision for partners to rank student selections. The experimental analysis is in two parts: (a) we investigate how the integer programming model performs against manual allocations and (b) the scalability of the IP model is examined. The results show that the IP model easily outperforms the previous manual allocations. Additionally, an artificial dataset is generated which has similar properties to the original data but also includes greater numbers of students and placements to test the scalability of the algorithms. The results show that integer programming is the best option for problem instances consisting of less than 3000 students. When the problem becomes larger, significantly increasing the time required for an IP solution, ant colony optimisation provides a useful alternative as it is always able to find good feasible solutions within short time-frames.

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Schuller, Annamarie, and Roberto Bergami. "Australian Managers’ Views on Teacher Industry Placements." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Organizational Studies 17, no. 1 (2021): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2324-7649/cgp/v17i01/1-21.

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Murray, Emily, Susan McLeod, Jessica Biesiekierski, Ashley Ng, Sharon Croxford, Emma Stirling, Andrea Bramley, and Adrienne Forsyth. "Employability initiatives in undergraduate education and application to human nutrition: A scoping review." Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 11, no. 1 (June 16, 2020): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2020vol11no1art901.

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Human nutrition is a growing field with an increasing job market and high demand for university study, yet graduates report feeling underprepared for and unaware of potential job opportunities. This scoping review aimed to identify employment initiatives used in undergraduate programs to support an evidence-based approach to the development of future initiatives for human nutrition courses. The scoping review following PRISMA-ScR criteria was initially conducted in October 2018 and updated in April 2020. Search terms were selected to identify studies that reported on employability or work-readiness embedded within the course curriculum for undergraduate students. Fourteen papers met the eligibility criteria. Papers included were from Australia (9), United Kingdom (2), United States (1), New Zealand (1) and Germany (1). Papers described initiatives fitting broad categories of placements, project-based industry collaboration, practice-based eLearning, mentoring and building graduate attributes. Placements were the most common type of initiative and project-based industry collaboration demonstrated the highest levels of student and employer satisfaction. The success of initiatives was often attributed to incorporating diverse approaches to real-world, problem-solving skills. Mentoring and eLearning were used to promote employability soft skills, while industry-based placements provided students with practical experience. Placement in specific workplace settings should be representative of the diverse job options for nutrition graduates. Human nutrition degrees should consider incorporating strategies that develop soft skills and project-based skills while exposing students to diverse workplace settings within industry.

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Maheswaran, S., and R. K. Jena. "Recruiters’ Preferences for B-School Campus Placement." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 3, no. 1 (January 2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jabim.2012010103.

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Placement has been a vital factor for future existence of b-schools in India. B-schools are trying their best to prepare their students for getting best placements available. This study explores the preference by recruiters in the campus recruitment process in India. Again, this study will useful to both recruiters and B-schools to enhance industry-institution interface.

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Attri, Rekha, and Pooja Kushwaha. "Enablers for good placements of graduates: fitting industry’s needs." Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning 8, no. 4 (November 12, 2018): 544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/heswbl-11-2017-0096.

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Purpose Companies are looking for certain employability attributes and personality traits while recruiting and selecting suitable candidates for their organizations and there is a mismatch in what the higher educational institutes are grooming the graduates. There is therefore a need for proactive management of career development of students. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This research involved an exploratory study on a database of 445 students enrolled and passed out from the five batches of two years business management course from 2012 to 2016 in a business school in India, to identify the parameters which led to generating good placement package for them. The impact of independent variables of live industry projects, communication skills, academic performance, classroom attendance and co-curricular activities on the placement package was studied using stepwise regression analysis. Findings The study revealed that industry projects, co-curricular activities, communication skills and academic performance were the key enablers which helped the students become industry ready and employable. Research limitations/implications This research involved the study of effect of only four independent variables- academic performance, communication skills, participation in live industry projects and co-curricular activities on the placement package received by the students. There is a scope of extending this study by considering the effect of other variables such as educational background (graduation stream, performance in that stream, scores attained in competitive exams, etc.), family background (family income, occupation of parents and their qualification, family size, etc.), geographical background (rural, urban or semi-urban) and work experience on the final placement package received by the student. Practical implications Employability depends on a multitude of factors which can be broadly put under three categories of knowledge, skills and attitude (Khare, 2014). Universities need to work right from the first year toward developing a wider range of employability skills rather than focusing only on developing generic competencies in the students. The results of regression analysis indicate that the impact of different predictors for a good placement package vary in strength and a student needs to focus on balancing all of them in order to get a good placement. Educational institutes can replicate this study to identify the overall employability of their students. Originality/value With the increase in demand from industry for work ready graduates, there is a huge pressure on educational institutes to prepare their students for the corporate world. Such studies would help the institutes in focusing on various parameters which would ultimately assist students pursuing courses in post graduate level like business management or other master courses in getting good placements.

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Abdul Razak, Roshita, Jasmine Zea Raziah Radha Rashid Radha, and Rozila Ahmad. "EXPLORING HOSPITALITY STUDENTS’ EXPECTATION FOR INTERNSHIP PLACEMENT DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITI UTARA MALAYSIA STUDENTS." Journal of Event, Tourism and Hospitality Studies 2 (December 23, 2022): 177–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jeth2022.2.7.

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The Covid-19 pandemic has impacted the tourism and hospitality industry globally and the accommodation sector is amongst the hardest-hit. As for hospitality education, the internship program is part of the core component curricula for most undergraduate degrees which provide students with the opportunity to gain hands on experience within the industry. This paper provides some insights on issues and challenges faced by hospitality students in securing internship placements during the Covid-19 period. The study utilizes qualitative research methodology using in-depth interviews. The interviews are conducted through WhatsApp voice calls and video calls and WEBEX virtual meeting platform. The findings revealed problems faced by hospitality students when securing their internship placements. This paper offers some practical suggestions for the department in charge of internship placements to be more informed about the challenges faced by the students. This is vital as acknowledging the problems will help the university become more prepared when handling internship placements during the time of pandemic. More interaction between the industry and universities as well as corporate participation in internship acceptance are crucial for the benefit of all stakeholders.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Industry placements"

Gant, Richard. "The Talascape Project : the roles and applications of fine art practice as a working partner in industry with special reference to field study based placements associated with an industrial site." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288209.

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Soltani-Tafreshi, Fakhteh. "The impact of industrial sponsorship on students, academia and industry." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6334.

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This thesis reports a research study to measure the impact of industrial sponsorship on student, academia, and industry. The thesis provides a review of the literature in the field of engineering education, university-industry collaboration and student sponsorship. It describes the design of the study and methods of data collection and data analysis. It then presents a discussion of the impact of sponsorship. The research project was conducted at Loughborough University from 2006-2009. It has captured existing practice across sponsored and non-sponsored programmes within the Engineering Faculty at Loughborough University together with a small number of national and international sponsorship schemes. Data were collected from the undergraduate engineering students, graduates, sponsoring/non sponsoring companies, and the academic staff of engineering departments using questionnaires, interviews and documentary analysis. This study highlights the values and issues of the relationship between employers and students during their undergraduate study from the perspective of students, employers and academic staff. It takes a mixed-method approach to assess the attitudes and perception of individuals from these parties and identify the barriers which limit further engagement in order to propose guidelines for further improvements. The results show that the majority of the stakeholders valued industrial sponsorship as a way of developing the quality of undergraduate degrees and generating enough of the high quality engineers that the industry needs. There was close agreement on these matters between the parties involved. Overall the findings of the research showed that the parties main expectations of sponsorship schemes were largely met by the reality of sponsorship. Greater awareness of the details of sponsorship schemes, including how they work and what is involved, would make employers more likely to offer sponsorship and encourage more students to apply for sponsorship. Conclusions are drawn on the benefits that sponsorship offers, the incentives for these stakeholders, the role of sponsorship in building a relationship between students and their future employers, its contribution to the attainment of learning outcomes, the degree of sponsorship attractiveness to the investigated companies, the obstructions which limit partnership and recommendations for further developments.

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Peñafiel, Cánez Joe Adrián. "El product placement en la industria cinematográfica." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/653302.

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, cinema, , , movie placement
Esta investigación analiza cuál es la percepción del público frente al product placement en las películas como herramienta de publicidad y reforzamiento de la imagen de las marcas exhibidas dentro de los largometrajes. Por otra parte, se busca describir las estrategias de product placement empleadas en la industria cinematográfica y estudiar como repercute dicha estrategia publicitaria en el mundo audiovisual. De modo que, utilizando la pregunta de investigación y objetivos específicos, se podrá constatar si el product placement funciona o no como una herramienta de publicidad eficaz en la industria de la cinematografía.
This research analyzes the public's perception of product placement in films as a tool for advertising and reinforcing the image of the brands exhibited in feature films. On the other hand, it seeks to describe the product placement strategies used in the film industry and study how this advertising strategy has repercussions in the audiovisual world. So, using the research question and specific objectives, it will be possible to verify whether or not the product placement works as an effective advertising tool in the film industry.
Trabajo de investigación

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Roussel, Gilles. "Optimisation du placement de formes irrégulières sur matières planes : application à l'industrie de la confection." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10023.

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Dans cette these, nous presentons une methodologie de resolution du probleme du placement de formes quelconques en vue de minimiser la chute de matiere dans le processus de decoupe en bande de pieces de vetements. Les contraintes technologiques de la cellule de decoupe et l'objectif de production flexible vis-a-vis du carnet de commande nous a conduit a elaborer un algorithme de placement par bande en temps reel. Dans un premier temps, une methode originale de description des formes quelconques a ete developpee. Elle consiste a echantillonner les sous-contours visibles depuis les quatre cotes du rectangle circonscrit a la forme et a generer quatre peignes de formes. Ensuite, un algorithme d'approximation polygonal supprime les dents redondantes a la description, donnant naissance au peigne de forme reduit. Partant de ce principe, un ensemble d'operateurs a ete construit pour evaluer les caracteristiques d'une forme, pour effectuer une transformation geometrique (rotation, symetrie. . . ), evaluer un coefficient de complementarite et enfin, pour effectuer une concatenation de deux formes positionnees de facon quasi optimale relativement a un critere. Ainsi le placement est vu comme un probleme d'optimisation combinatoire dans un arbre, ou chaque configuration est representee comme un nud de l'espace de representation. La recherche d'une solution est alors ramenee a un parcours d'arbre. La determination d'un chemin sous-optimal dans l'arbre est realisee a l'aide de deux algorithmes d'optimisation que nous avons compares. Le premier, que nous avons adapte au parcours d'arbre, est appele recuit simule. Le second, est l'algorithme -admissible: a#. C'est ce dernier qui a ete retenu pour son efficacite et la faculte de reglage du compromis complexite/admissibilite.

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Sörling, Marie-Louise, and Viktor Wallgren. "Media Placement of Locations : An Exploratory Study of the Possible Trends within the Film Industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Business Administration, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-159.

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Product placement is a relatively new idea within marketing. Despite this, it has become a more accepted and used concept, especially within the motion picture industry. It has been noticed that exposure on screen has had a positive effect on sales of the showed products, even though there are still no clear method to measure its efficiency. Evidence has shown that there is an increased tourism to destinations exposed on screen. For example, the movie Braveheart increased tourism to Scotland, Notting Hill has brought attention to London’s district Notting Hill, and the books of Wallander has benefited Ystad. We therefore see a possible development of product placement, which so far only has incorporated products, to also include placement of geographical places (cities, region or nations etc), i.e. location placement. The exposures that to this point has occurred has been random, with no active participation from marketers or filmmakers.

Our purpose is to investigate if media placement of locations (defined as paying for the placement) is a possible future source of revenue for location marketers as well as film and product placement agencies.

We have interviewed people from three main areas: marketer of a geographical location, product placement agency, and representatives from the film production. Since we had some problems collecting sufficient data, we decided to complement our empirical findings with secondary data.

We see a potential development of location placements. It does however require some conditions to be fulfilled. First, the placement must be seamlessly placed, should lead the story forward and should not be the main focus before the script. Second, the placement must be communicated openly throughout the entire production process and with all parties involved. Finally we see that placement must be founded on good relationships and having the right channels. The actors involved in a location placement are the marketer, product placement agency, location shout, director and other film production crew.

To sum up, a well thought-thru location placement that are consistent with the overall location brand image and the story, would benefit both the location and the film.

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Li, Wei. "'Dancing with handcuffs and shackles' : how product placement is adopted by the Chinese film industry." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/59612/.

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This PhD researches the role of product placement in modern Chinese cinema, exploring the shifting discourses and textually-specific practices that are unique to the practice of product placement within the Chinese film industry. Existing studies have focused almost exclusively on the Hollywood film industry, and have analysed product placement in terms of its effectiveness with audiences, and as a potential influence on consumer behaviour, often from a psychological or marketing viewpoint. This study approaches product placement from industrial and textual perspectives, more interested in the process of product placement in film production: how trade press reports, state and industry discourse, and practitioner commentary, frames product placement within the Chinese film experience. Therefore, this is a shift from work on the consequences of product placement, or simplistic notions of good/bad product placement, to an investigation of the discursive and textual strategies used by the Chinese film industry when using product placement in modern film production. This allows the thesis to focus on how the Chinese industry offers an illusion of serving the public, able to use its expertise to position product placement as what an assumed audience wants. Examining different players in product placement deals such as film producers, product placement agencies, brand companies, and the Chinese government, also allows the study to consider the shifting hierarchies of expertise and power. Within this, the study identifies and analyses two specific power relationships: state vs film industry, and creativity vs commercialisation. Alongside industrial commentary, the study examines the textual status of product placement through close mise-en-scène analysis of a range of contemporary Chinese film examples. It identifies three elements – 2 narrative, character, and genre – as key areas where product placement is most overtly displayed, visualised and embodied, and considers the impact this has on narrative coherence. Through this combination of discourse analysis and film analysis, the study is able to critically investigate the role product placement plays within the modern Chinese film industry.

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Maouche, Salah. "Contribution à l'optimisation du placement de formes quelconques : application à l'industrie de la confection." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10180.

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L'énoncé général du problème du placement est le suivant : étant donne un ensemble de ressources, éventuellement sous la forme de plusieurs entités, comment produire au mieux un ensemble d'objets de dimensions inférieures. L'analyse sous contraintes a permis une formulation basée sur les groupes d'isométries directes et ainsi définir l'espace des configurations. L'espace des configurations est représenté par un arbre dont le nombre de noeuds, solutions satisfaisants les contraintes, est fonction des transformations utilisées. Le placement est présenté comme un problème de décision et un problème d'imbrication. L'imbrication, problème local, est basée sur la complémentarité des formes. Le codage des modèles par peignes de contour permet une mesure rapide de l'emboîtement défini comme un ensemble de relations de non précédence entre les formes. Les peignes présentent l'avantage d'une représentation graduelle en fonction de la précision recherchée. Les peignes définissent la déficience convexe des modèles. Les techniques de recherche heuristique dans un graphe et le recuit simule sont utilisés pour résoudre le problème global de placement. Une cellule flexible de coupe en continu pour la confection, développée dans le cadre du pôle productique du Nord-Pas-de-Calais a servi de plate-forme expérimentale.

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Phuthi, Nduduzo. "Enhancing quality academic practice through integrated industry-based learning." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/24125.

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Universities in Zimbabwe have universally adopted a full-year integrated undergraduate student workplace-based learning pedagogy following the precedent set in 1991 by one pioneering university, the National University of Science and Technology. In this explorative study I analyse participants’ views, reflections and understanding of how the full-year model of workplace-based learning enhances quality academic practices and impacts on short, medium and long-term visions and opportunities for students and other stakeholders. I employed the embedded concurrent mixed methods research design (Creswell&Clark, 2007) using interviews with lecturers, university administrators and industry supervisors, as well as open-ended questions in three matched versions of a questionnaire to students, lecturers and industry supervisors respectively. The same questionnaire provided quantitative data that was statistically analysed. Interviews were conducted with 24 participants from the university under study, industry and other universities, while 363 university students, 40 NUST lecturers and 34 industry supervisors responded to the respective questionnaires. Students, lecturers and industry supervisors concurred on the coherence between industry experiences and university learning, the beneficial experiences at the workplace, and the relevance of those experiences to society, confirming the expressed view that industry-based learning promoted quality learning and teaching, and enabled students to become work-ready. However there were perceptions of inadequate student supervision and assessment, unsatisfactory student welfare safeguards, inadequate research enthusiasm among lecturers, and the lack of involvement of the whole spectrum of industry categories. There was an underlying regard for lifelong learning enabling societal transformation into the increasingly dominant industrialised culture. Lecturers indicated an appreciation for a holistic orientation to teaching and learning (Taylor, 2009), and were inclined towards adopting the hermeneutic approach to education (Danner, 2002). It is recommended, among other things, to revitalise effective practices through staff development efforts, increasing student knowledge and empowerment, and strengthening collaborative platforms between the university and its industry partners. Chief among the suggestions for future research is the understanding and promotion of student welfare during their placement in the workplaces.
Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Science, Mathematics and Technology Education
unrestricted

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Vásquez, Rodríguez Raúl. "¿Cómo colocar el Product Placement de cervezas artesanales en cartelera? Limitaciones a superar en la regulación publicitaria de bebidas alcohólicas." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2018. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12600.

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En el Perú, la realización cinematográfica y la comercialización de cervezas artesanales son dos industrias de considerable crecimiento en esta década, pese a los obstáculos que se les presentan. En la regulación de la publicidad de bebidas alcohólicas, presente en la norma sectorial (Ley Nº 28681) aplicada a través de la Ley de Represión de la Competencia Desleal, hay una traba relevante al desarrollo de ambas, la incertidumbre sobre cómo cumplir con el requisito de la publicidad audiovisual de bebidas alcohólicas de consignar la frase “TOMAR BEBIDAS ALCOHÓLICAS EN EXCESO ES DAÑINO”, al usar la técnica del product placement o emplazamiento del producto; incertidumbre que inhibe al anunciante de utilizar este tipo de publicidad en una obra cinematográfica, así como a su realizador de obtener el financiamiento proveniente. La investigación tiene como objetivo aclarar el concepto del product placement, por un lado, y detectar las debilidades de las normas antes señaladas, proponiendo reformulaciones normativas que aclaren el modo de cumplimiento del requisito mencionado. Se parte de la premisa de que la normativa actual, que data de la década pasada, no ha asimilado los cambios en cuanto a tecnología y comunicación, y no ayuda a desarrollar una publicidad de ese tipo. Se inicia la investigación con el concepto del product placement, para luego analizar las normas vigentes, para tener en el tercer capítulo de esta investigación, como síntesis, lo referido a la propuesta del cambio normativo (razones, entorno y texto sugerido). Existe un desfase, sobretodo en la norma sectorial, respecto de las modalidades de comunicación, y la necesidad de incluir en las definiciones de la Ley de Represión de la Competencia Desleal, la de product placement; sobre la base de dicha conclusión, se hace la propuesta de modificación para cada cuerpo normativo
Tesis

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Belzile, Cathy. "Travailler pour une entreprise sans y être directement lié par un contrat de travail : analyse comparée de l'impact de diverses configurations de l'externalisation sur le travail ainsi que sur la relation et les conditions d'emploi." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33031.

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Dans un contexte économique diversifié, complexe et instable, un modèle de gestion de la production et d’organisation du travail mobilisé par la quête de flexibilité est recherché par les entreprises. Cellesci choisissent d’externaliser des activités de production, des activités périphériques ou de recrutement, ce qui engendre la création de deux grandes catégories de travailleurs : les travailleurs internes, directement engagés par l’entreprise et les travailleurs externes, provenant d’une agence ou travaillant pour une entreprise sous-traitante. L’analyse de ces formes d’externalisation, se traduisant par une reconfiguration de la relation d’emploi, invite entre autres à s’interroger sur la définition de celle-ci, sur les conditions de travail et d’emploi qui sont offertes aux travailleurs externalisés ainsi que sur la manière dont ils doivent composer avec la gestion de l’insécurité et du risque. Cette recherche se veut donc une analyse comparée de l’impact de diverses configurations de l’externalisation sur les conditions de travail et d’emploi et sur la relation d’emploi. Plus précisément, elle cherche à savoir en quoi l’externalisation affecte les conditions de travail et d’emploi et elle s’attarde à identifier comment l’externalisation transforme la relation d’emploi. Afin de répondre à ces interrogations, cette recherche s’appuie sur une étude de cas multiple (N=9) menée dans le secteur agroalimentaire et plus précisément dans le segment transformation de la filière de la volaille, une filière qui recourt à diverses configurations de l’externalisation et qui est organisée en chaîne de valeur. La stratégie de collecte des données mobilise cinq sources d’informations (documentation, visite d’une usine, entretiens semi-dirigés, conventions collectives, offres d’emploi publiées). La diversification de l’échantillon permet d’effectuer des comparaisons sur les trois niveaux d’analyse possibles : micro, méso et macro. Il ressort des analyses qu’une détérioration des conditions de travail et d’emploi s’enregistre à mesure que l’on descend dans la chaîne de valeur. Plus précisément, trois facteurs sont susceptibles de faire varier les conditions de travail et d’emploi. Il s’agit effectivement de la position de l’entreprise ou de l’établissement dans la chaîne de valeur (pivot, sous-traitant), mais également de son type d’activité (abattage et première transformation ou seconde transformation) et de la configuration de l’externalisation (agences de placement de personnel ou sous-traitance). De plus, lors de cette recherche, quatre types de relations d’emploi ont pu être observées, soit des relations bipartites typiques, bipartites atypiques, multipartites en sous-traitance et multipartites en agences de placement de personnel. La comparaison de ces diverses modalités a permis de comprendre comment l’externalisation transforme la relation d’emploi classique, ainsi que les effets de cette transformation sur les conditions de travail et d’emploi. En s’intéressant à l’externalisation, cette recherche démontre que ce choix stratégique comporte des enjeux pour le travail et l’emploi (par exemple, difficulté d’application des normes minimales et de santé et sécurité du travail), mais également pour l’ensemble de la société. Elle met de plus en lumière les limites des théories classiques en relations industrielles dans l’explication du phénomène de l’externalisation et invite à leur renouvellement. Mots-clés : externalisation, agences de placement de personnel, sous-traitance, relation d’emploi, conditions de travail.
In an economic context that is diversified, complex and unstable, employers are turning towards production management and work organization models fostered by a quest for flexibility. By choosing to externalize their core, non-core or recruitment activities, they create two categories of workers: “internal workers” that have been hired directly by the company and “external workers” that have been hired through staffing agencies or subcontractors. These externalization strategies bring major changes to the employment relationship. This raises questions about the very definition of the employment relationship, the external workers’ working and employment conditions and the way they manage to deal with insecurity and risk. This research is a comparative analysis of the impact of different types of externalization on working and employment conditions and on the employment relationship. More precisely, this research aims to explain how externalization affects working and employment conditions and how it transforms the employment relationship. This research is based on multiple case studies (N=9) from the food industry. More specifically, companies were chosen in the poultry sector because they are known for externalizing many of their activities and because this sector is structured using the value chain model. Data was collected using five sources of information (business documentation, plant tour, semi-directed interviews, collective agreements and online job postings). A diverse sample made comparisons possible on all levels of analysis: micro, meso and macro. This study shows that working and employment conditions worsen as we move down the value chain. Three variables were found to explain this phenomenon: the company’s or the plant’s location on the value chain, its activities (first-stage and second-stage processing) and the types of externalization (staffing agencies or subcontractors). Four types of employment relationships were found in the poultry industry: two-party, standard relationships; two-party, nonstandard relationships; multiparty with subcontracting and multiparty with staffing agencies. Comparing these types of employment relationships allowed for a better understanding of how externalization transforms the traditional employment relationship and the effects of this transformation on working and employment conditions. By focussing on externalization, this research demonstrates that this strategic choice raises challenges for both work and employment (regarding, for instance, occupational health and safety or labour standards enforcement) as well as for society as a whole. Finally, this research highlights the many limits of the mainstream theories of the field of industrial relations in explaining the externalization phenomenon and argues in favour of their renewal. Keywords: externalization, staffing agencies, subcontracting, employment relationship, working conditions.

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Книги з теми "Industry placements"

Cave, Peter. Placements in industry: Experience in the Lancashire Business School. London: Tourism Society, 1997.

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The pursuit of absolute engagement: Intentionally design a business that supports the life you (really) want to live. Etobicoke, Ontario]: Julie Littlechild, 2016.

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finances, Canada Ministère des. L' industrie des fonds communs de placement au Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Ministère des finances, 2003.

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Das Product Placement im Kinospielfilm. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 1996.

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American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Center for Chemical Process Safety., ed. Placement of sensors to detect catastrophic release. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2007.

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Mabit, Clément. Le régime de sanctions disciplinaires applicable aux courtiers en placement. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Yvon Blais, 2010.

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Crête, Raymonde. Courtiers et conseillers financiers: Encadrement des services de placement. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Yvon Blais, 2011.

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Crête, Raymonde. Courtiers et conseillers financiers: Encadrement des services de placement. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Yvon Blais, 2011.

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The money machine: How the mutual fund industry works--and how to make it work for you. Toronto: Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 2000.

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Brisson, Geneviève. La réglementation des activités de conseil en placement: Le point de vue des professionnels. Cowansville, Québec: Éditions Yvon Blais, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Industry placements"

Allen, Kim. "‘What Do You Need to Make It as a Woman in This Industry? Balls!’: Work Placements, Gender and the Cultural Industries." In Cultural Work and Higher Education, 232–53. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137013941_12.

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Cromie, W. J., and E. S. Gillespie. "The Experience of Mathematics Undergraduates during Industrial Placement." In European Consortium for Mathematics in Industry, 329–32. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-09834-8_68.

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Wake, Alexandra. "Listening Circles Provide Model for Students in Disrupted Journalism Industry." In Enriching Higher Education Students' Learning through Post-work Placement Interventions, 247–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48062-2_14.

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Biswal, Saubhagya Ranjan, and Gauri Shankar. "Optimal Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution System Using Chicken Swarm Optimization Algorithm." In Advances in Smart Grid Automation and Industry 4.0, 113–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7675-1_11.

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Lebedev, Boris K., Oleg B. Lebedev, and Tatiana Y. Kudryakova. "Mechanisms of Adaptive Ant Colony Behavior in Placement Problem." In Proceedings of the First International Scientific Conference “Intelligent Information Technologies for Industry” (IITI’16), 443–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33609-1_40.

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Zaruba, Daria, Dmitry Zaporozhets, and Vladimir Kureichik. "Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm—A Novel Tool for VLSI Placement." In Proceedings of the First International Scientific Conference “Intelligent Information Technologies for Industry” (IITI’16), 433–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33609-1_39.

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Ceronmani Sharmila, V., N. P. Nandhakumar, N. S. Akkash Babu, and S. Bharath Kumar. "Context-Aware Placement Applications of Industry 4.0 Using Connected Dominating Set in Fog Computing." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 437–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4016-2_41.

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Yaser, M. J., L. A. Gladkov, and N. V. Gladkova. "Development and Research of a Hybrid Algorithm for Placement of Elements of Digital Computing Equipment." In Proceedings of the Sixth International Scientific Conference “Intelligent Information Technologies for Industry” (IITI’22), 509–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19620-1_48.

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Sharif Khodaei, Zahra, and Stephen Grigg. "Aerospace Requirements." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 73–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter covers the overview of requirements arising in the aerospace industry for operating a structural health monitoring (SHM) system. The requirements are based on existing standards and guidelines and include both requirements on the physical components of the system (such as sensors, data acquisition systems and connectors) and their functional requirements (such as reliability, confidence measure and probability of detection). Emphasis has been given to on-board and ground-based components because they have different functionality requirements. An important factor in the reliability of the system is the effect of the environment and operational loads on the reliability of the diagnosis and, consequently, prognosis. The recommended guidelines for testing the reliability of the system under varying operational conditions are presented. This chapter is then finalized by reporting on methodologies for optimal sensor number and placement, based on different sensor technologies and different optimization algorithms.

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Clayton, Berwyn, and Hugh B. Guthrie. "Australia's National Work-Integrated Learning Strategy in University Education." In Global Perspectives on Work-Based Learning Initiatives, 114–41. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6977-0.ch005.

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This chapter describes how the development of work-integrated learning (WIL) has become an increasingly important component of both curriculum and pedagogy across a wide range of disciplines in Australia's universities. This has been driven by institutions reacting to government and industry demands for work-relevant degrees and work-ready graduates. The chapter analyzes five of the eight action areas in the National WIL Strategy. A number of barriers to further implementation are identified and discussed, including funding, institutional constraints, assessment challenges, and employer capacity, particularly in smaller companies. Ways forward include developing quality information and the resources to support implementation, growing champions of the process in institutions and employers, and developing alternative approaches to delivery given the pressure placed on industry for work placements by all sectors of Australian education.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Industry placements"

Dunne, Julie. "Technology enhanced food industry engagement and work placement curriculum quality assurance." In Learning Connections 2019: Spaces, People, Practice. University College Cork||National Forum for the Enhancement of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33178/lc2019.09.

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A recent report has identified several challenges and barriers from the employer perspective that can limit their ability to engage with work-placement (Jackson, Rowbottom, Ferns, & McLarend, 2017). These include a lack of shared understanding between the University and Industry of what is involved in work-placement; misalignment between employer and university expectations on the purpose and nature of the placement experience, especially what constitutes a quality placement and how this can be achieved; and ability to locate a suitable student. Additionally, not being approached by Universities and/or access to relevant University staff who arrange work-placements can be problematic. For unstructured work-placements, identifying suitable projects for students to undertake was found to be a considerable challenge. Recommendations to the University to reduce such barriers centre around developing collaborative relationships. In Ireland, specific guidelines to facilitate quality work-placement have been compiled in the ‘Roadmap for Academic-Employment Partnerships (REAP) Work-placement in Third Level-Programmes’ report (Sheridan & Linehan, 2011), and focus mainly on communications, learning agreements, mentoring practices, student selection processes, reflection on practice, and assessment and feedback mechanisms. This paper will set out how the recommendations of the REAP report for work-placement were realised in TU Dublin Food related programmes, and the important role that technology played in this process.

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Guo, Xian-Chang, Chung-Shou Liao, and Chia-Chi Chu. "Decentralized PMU Placements in a Dynamic Programming Approach." In 2019 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ias.2019.8912329.

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Neto, Giovanni Gallon, Fernando dos Santos Barbosa, and Bruno Augusto Angelico. "2-DOF helicopter controlling by pole-placements." In 2016 12th IEEE International Conference on Industry Applications (INDUSCON). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/induscon.2016.7874535.

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Shi, Hao. "Maximising Computer Science Student Career Opportunity through ICT Industry Placements." In 2008 International Multi-symposiums on Computer and Computational Sciences (IMSCCS). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imsccs.2008.17.

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"Property Industry Sandwich Placements: Impact on Students' Degree Classification and Employability Prospects." In 20th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2013. ÖKK-Editions, Vienna, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2013_131.

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Malhan, Rishi K., Ariyan M. Kabir, Brual Shah, Timotei Centea, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Determining Feasible Robot Placements in Robotic Cells for Composite Prepreg Sheet Layup." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-3003.

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Abstract High-performance composites are widely used in industry because of specific mechanical properties and lightweighting opportunities. Current automation solutions to manufacturing components from prepreg (pre-impregnated precursor material) sheets are limited. Our previous work has demonstrated the technical feasibility of a robotic cell to automate the sheet layup process. Many decisions are required for the cell to function correctly, and the time necessary to make these decisions must be reduced to utilize the cell effectively. Robot placement with respect to the mold is a significant and complex decision problem. Ensuring that robots can collaborate effectively requires addressing multiple constraints related to the robot workspace, singularity, and velocities. Solving this problem requires developing computationally efficient algorithms to find feasible robot placements in the cell. We describe an approach based on successive solution refinement strategy to identify a cell design that satisfies all constraints related to robot placement.

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Malhan, Rishi, and Satyandra K. Gupta. "Finding Optimal Sequence of Mobile Manipulator Placements for Automated Coverage Planning of Large Complex Parts." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-90105.

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Abstract Sensors are widely used in the industry to collect information about a physical object. Operational range of the sensor is limited and therefore the sensor needs to be moved around a large complex part in order to capture complete information. Robot arm or manipulators can provide the degrees of freedom needed to maneuver the sensor through the complex geometry. However, a robotic arm has a limited workspace as well and cannot cover large parts. Mobile base can enhance the capability of the robotic arm by adding mobility to the arm and carrying the arm around the part. Mobile base will need to relocate around the part during the process. Relocating the mobile base increases execution time and also introduces uncertainty in the localization as mobile base moves inaccurately. It is important to reduce the number of mobile base repositioning and reduce execution time and uncertainty. In this paper, we develop a motion planner that finds the minimum number of mobile base placements in order to find robotic arm trajectories that can cover a large complex part using a RGB-D camera sensor. The planning problem, also known as optimal base sequencing, is challenging due to the immensity of the search space. The computation costs involved in inverse kinematics calculations also adds to the search time. A branch and bound search algorithm is developed with efficient branch guiding and pruning heuristics that quickly explores the search space. A capability map based method is developed to improve the search space construction time. Output of our method is an optimal sequence of base placements for the mobile base that will lead to minimum number of placements and execution time required for the process.

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Sherman, Christopher, Eli S. Leland, Andrew Pullin, Richard M. White, and Paul K. Wright. "Proximity-Based Passive Current Sensors for Real-Time Monitoring of Power Usage in Low and Mid-Voltage Applications." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-11674.

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Traditional monitoring of current flow in power lines involves breaking the circuit for through-the-sensor type monitoring or separating individual wires for around-the-conductor “clamp” metering. Such techniques for measurement are invasive and disruptive for many applications. Using 0.9 cm diameter permanent magnets attached to piezoelectric bimorph elements in conjunction with the fluctuating magnetic fields generated by alternating currents, sensors have been developed that enable in-situ, self-powered measurement of current flow without the need to encircle or disconnect the wire being measured. Whereas previous development [1, 2] of these devices has focused on two-wire applications for low (<600V) voltages, single-wire configurations for higher-voltage (up to 15kV) applications are also considered here. Outputs have been found to be linear through a wide ranges of current (0–200A on 0.6–120V AC), with resolution limited primarily by sensor distance from the target wire (3cm or less from wire edge). Sensitivity studies have been performed on conductors of varying dimensions (18 gauge to 4 gauge) and geometries (single conductor and two-wire) for known sensor placements and current flows. Initial integration has been performed with a wireless radio device to produce a self-contained sensor package 8cm by 10cm by 3cm that can sample data at 2 kHz and transmit results to a base station for further analysis. Initial numerical modeling of the magnetic field gradients around current-carrying wires has been performed to optimize sensor placement. Potential applications include customer (home, business, industry) and distribution grid-level monitoring.

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Mohammed, Rahima K., Ridvan A. Sahan, and Ying-Feng Pang. "System Level Thermal Design Challenges in Validation Platforms." In ASME 2009 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME 2009 Summer Heat Transfer Conference and the ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/interpack2009-89412.

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Unprecedented growth in the semiconductor industry has been enabled by decreasing transistor feature size. As silicon technology continues to scale per Moore’s law, multi-core and many-core are the new trends of the semiconductor industry. While bus speeds, features and functionalities are increasing, shrinking system volume, compact component placements on the board and system noise reduction are the trends. These silicon and system trends make the thermal design challenging. Validation platforms are used to validate processors/chipsets to ensure world-class quality and reliable Intel products. These platforms are usually open chassis to allow ease of accessibility. In this paper, we present an innovative methodology of active air cooling coupled with mechanical retention designs at the component level. Component level thermal testing data are correlated with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to provide guidance for system simulations. Well-validated and correlated active heatsink thermal model can be used in the system level thermal simulations for studying the mutual pre-heating effect among the components around the heatsink and other thermally critical components. System level thermal design incorporating the effects of memory cooling, voltage regulator module cooling, graphics card preheating, air blockages effect due to probing cables are presented. In addition, system level acoustic measurements methodology is shown. Finally, fan control methodologies to control the noise below safety guidelines while enhancing the validation customer’s experience are presented.

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Carpenter, Ryan, Ross Hatton, and Ravi Balasubramanian. "Comparison of Contact Capabilities for Underactuated Parallel Jaw Grippers for Use on Industrial Robots." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35490.

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In this paper, we propose the addition of passive hydraulic mechanisms to simple parallel robotic grippers for improving disturbance rejection while maintaining the low cost of an industry standard gripper design. Each adaptive jaw on our gripper consists of three parallel hydraulic cylinders that are connected to a common local reservoir. The resultant passive hydraulic system is fully encased in the finger and moves independently of the actuator that closes the fingers. Such a design eliminates the need to engineer a complex cable or linkage system to allow for finger adaptability as many underactuated grippers do. Specifically, hydraulic cylinders need only be selected and connected together. As with other underactuated devices, the unconstrained freedoms of this design allow the gripper to adapt to unknown objects instead of creating a custom gripper shape for each new object the robot needs to grasp. In this paper, we analyze the ability of this gripper to maximize contact points over various sized objects and object placements while creating immobilizing form closure grasps. We than tested these improvements on a physical robot and found that grasp performance increased by up to 30% over a gripper lacking underactuation.

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Coyner, Kelley, and Jason Bittner. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signs. SAE International, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022011.

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Transportation infrastructure systems serve as the platform for emerging automated vehicle (AV) technologies and, in their current condition, limit the reliability of these new vehicles. Road conditions, lane markings, and signs provide essential guidance and information to both human- and machine-controlled vehicles; however, their condition and placement vary depending on local conditions, practices, and funding. Irregular sign placements and road markings confuse both human and machine drivers and can create unsafe conditions. Still, in the short term, they are the easiest factor to adjust regarding successful AV deployment. Automated Vehicles and Infrastructure Enablers: Pavement Markings and Signsexamines the issues associated with pavement markings and signs in the context of advanced automation. The report focuses on unresolved issues between the AV industry and infrastructure owners and operators and provides opportunities and recommendations for the AV industry and the larger transportation community to address reliability issues.

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Hashemian, Hassan. Infrastructure Academy Transportation Program. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1919.

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The College of Engineering, Computer Science, and Technology at the California State University, Los Angeles has expanded its National Summer Transportation Institute into a year-long program by creating the Infrastructure Academy Transportation Program (IATP). The goal of this program is to build a pipeline of diverse, well qualified young people for the transportation industry. The program works with high school students and teachers to offer academic courses, basic skills, workforce readiness training, internships, extracurricular activities, and career placements to prepare students and place them into the Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) College track. The academy emphasizes on transportation as an industry sector and aims to increase the number of underrepresented minorities and women who directly enter the transportation workforce. It also aims at increasing the number of young people who enter college to study engineering or technology and subsequently pursue careers in transportation- and infrastructure-related careers. The IATP was conducted as a full-year program with 30 student participants from high schools.

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She, Ruifeng, and Yanfeng Ouyang. Generalized Link-Cost Function and Network Design for Dedicated Truck-Platoon Lanes to Improve Energy, Pavement Sustainability, and Traffic Efficiency. Illinois Center for Transportation, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-037.

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Recent development of autonomous and connected trucks (ACT) has provided the freight industry with the option of using truck platooning to improve fuel efficiency, traffic throughput, and safety. However, closely spaced and longitudinally aligned trucks impose frequent and concentrated loading on pavements, which often accelerates pavement deterioration and increases the life cycle costs for the highway agency. Also, effectiveness of truck platooning can be maximized only in dedicated lanes; and its benefits and costs need to be properly balanced between stakeholders. This paper proposes a network-design model to optimize (i) placement of dedicated truck-platoon lanes and toll price in a highway network, (ii) pooling and routing of ACT traffic from multiple origins and destinations to utilize these lanes, and (iii) configuration of truck platoons within these lanes (e.g., lateral displacements and vehicle separations). The problem is formulated as an integrated bi-level optimization model. The upper level makes decisions on converting existing highway lanes into dedicated platoon lanes, as well as setting user fees. The lower-level decisions are made by independent shippers regarding the choice of routes and use of platoon lanes vs. regular lanes; and they collectively determine truck traffic in all lanes. Link-cost functions for platoon lanes are obtained by simultaneously optimizing, through dynamic programming, pavement-rehabilitation activities and platoon configuration in the pavement's life cycle. A numerical case study is used to demonstrate the applicability and performance of the proposed model framework over the Illinois freeway system. It is shown that the freight traffic is effectively channelized on a few corridors of platoon lanes and, by setting proper user fees to cover pavement-rehabilitation costs, systemwide improvements for both freight shippers and highway agencies can be achieved.

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Philosoph-Hadas, Sonia, Peter Kaufman, Shimon Meir, and Abraham Halevy. Signal Transduction Pathway of Hormonal Action in Control and Regulation of the Gravitropic Response of Cut Flowering Stems during Storage and Transport. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695838.bard.

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Original objectives: The basic goal of the present project was to increase our understanding of the cellular mechanisms operating during the gravitropic response of cut flowers, for solving their bending problem without affecting flower quality. Thus, several elements operating at the 3 levels o the gravity-induced signal transduction pathway, were proposed to be examined in snapdragon stems according to the following research goals: 1) Signaling: characterize the signal transduction pathway leading to the gravitropic response, regarding the involvement of [Ca2+]cyt as a mediator of IAA movement and sensitivity to auxin. 2) Transduction by plant hormones: a) Examine the involvement of auxin in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to: possible participation of auxin binding protein (ABP), auxin redistribution, auxin mechanism of action (activation of H+-ATPase) mediation by changes in [Ca2+]cyt and possible regulation of auxin-induced Ca2+ action b: calmodulin-activated or Ca2+-activated protein kinases (PK). b) Examine the involvement of ethylene in the gravitropic response of flower stems with regard to auxin-induced ethylene production and sensitivity of the tissue to ethylene. 3) Response: examine the effect of gravistimulation on invertase (associated with growth and elongation) activity and invertase gene expression. 4) Commercial practice: develop practical and simple treatments to prevent bending of cut flowers grown for export. Revisions: 1) Model systems: in addition to snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus L.), 3 other model shoe systems, consisting of oat (Avena sativa) pulvini, Ornithogalun 'Nova' cut flowers and Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence, were targeted to confirm a more general mechanism for shoot gravitropism. 2 Research topics: the involvement of ABP, auxin action, PK and invertase in the gravitropic response of snapdragon stems could not be demonstrated. Alternatively, the involvement in the gravity signaling cascade of several other physiological mediators apart of [Ca2+]cyt such as: IP3, protein phosphorylation and actin cytoskeleton, was shown. Additional topics introduced: starch statolith reorientation, differential expression of early auxin responsive genes, and differential shoot growth. Background to the topic: The gravitropic bending response of flowering shoots occurring upon their horizontal placement during shipment exhibits a major horticultural problem. In spite of extensive studies in various aboveground organs, the gravitropic response was hardly investigated in flowering shoots. Being a complex multistep process that requires the participation of various cellular components acting in succession or in parallel, analysis of the negative gravitropic response of shoot includes investigation of signal transduction elements and various regulatory physiological mediators. Major achievements: 1) A correlative role for starch statoliths as gravireceptors in flowering shoot was initially established. 2) Differentially phosphorylated proteins and IP3 levels across the oat shoe pulvini, as well as a differential appearance of 2 early auxin-responsive genes in snapdragon stems were all detected within 5-30 minutes following gravistimulation. 3) Unlike in roots, involvement of actin cytoskeleton in early events of the gravitropic response of snapdragon shoots was established. 4) An asymmetric IAA distribution, followed by an asymmetric ethylene production across snapdragon stems was found following gravistimulation. 5) The gravity-induced differential growth in shoots of snapdragon was derived from initial shrinkage of the upper stem side and a subsequent elongation o the lower stem side. 6) Shoot bending could be successfully inhibited by Ca2+ antagonists (that serve as a basis for practical treatments), kinase and phosphatase inhibitors and actin-cytoskeleton modulators. All these agents did not affect vertical growth. The essential characterization of these key events and their sequence led us to the conclusion that blocking gravity perception may be the most powerful means to inhibit bending without hampering shoot and flower growth after harvest. Implications, scientific and agriculture: The innovative results of this project have provided some new insight in the basic understanding of gravitropism in flower stalks, that partially filled the gap in our knowledge, and established useful means for its control. Additionally, our analysis has advanced the understanding of important and fundamental physiological processes involved, thereby leading to new ideas for agriculture. Gravitropism has an important impact on agriculture, particularly for controlling the bending of various important agricultural products with economic value. So far, no safe control of the undesired bending problem of flower stalks has been established. Our results show for the first time that shoot bending of cut flowers can be inhibited without adverse effects by controlling the gravity perception step with Ca2+ antagonists and cytoskeleton modulators. Such a practical benefit resulting from this project is of great economic value for the floriculture industry.

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