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1

ROCHA, ROSALI TEIXEIRA, ANNA CRISTINA VITAL, CLYSTENES ODYR SANTOS SILVA, CARLOS ALBERTO DE CASTRO PEREIRA, and JORGE NAKATANI. "Pneumonia adquirida na comunidade em pacientes tratados ambulatorialmente: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e radiológicos das pneumonias atípicas e não atípicas." Jornal de Pneumologia 26, no. 1 (2000): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-35862000000100003.

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Анотація:
Objetivo: Avaliar o percentual etiológico das pneumonias atípicas tratadas ambulatorialmente. Identificar os fatores epidemiológicos, clínicos e radiológicos que permitam diferenciar pneumonia atípica de não atípica. Métodos: Os pacientes foram submetidos a avaliação clínica, radiológica, coleta de escarro para estudo pelo método de Gram e sangue para testes sorológicos, incluindo Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia sp, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, vírus Influenza A e Influenza B, no primeiro dia e 21 dias após inclusão. As radiografias de tórax foram revistas por três observadores independentes que d
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2

Rynda-Apple, Agnieszka, Ann Harmsen, Laura Richert, Anfin Erickson, and Allen Harmsen. "Timing of post-influenza bacterial superinfection with MRSA dictates the outcome of MRSA pneumonia in mice (P4027)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 131.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.131.14.

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Abstract Secondary bacterial pneumonias caused by S. aureus, S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae are a common occurrence following influenza infection and are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. Others have shown in murine models that 5-8 days after influenza challenge the susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections increases; though the mechanism of this increased susceptibility is still elusive. Here, we report that 2-3 days after influenza challenge (before the onset of clinical symptoms, i.e. body weight loss) mice actually have increased resistance to secondary
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3

Xiao, Yongli, Sebastian M. Gygli, Tomoko Y. Steen, and Jeffery K. Taubenberger. "Genetic Sequencing of a Bacterial Pneumonia Vaccine Produced in 1916." Vaccines 13, no. 5 (2025): 491. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines13050491.

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Анотація:
Background/Objectives: Bacterial vaccines were first developed and used in the late 1800s to prevent chicken cholera and anthrax. Bacterial pneumonia vaccines were widely used during the 1918 influenza pandemic, despite the influenza A/H1N1 virus not yet being identified. Studies showed that bacterial pathogens, including Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes, contributed significantly to fatal secondary bacterial pneumonias during the pandemic. In this study, we aimed to characterize the microbial composition of two ampules of a mixed bacterial influenza
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4

Kartashova, N. P., I. A. Leneva, I. N. Falynskova, and A. V. Poddubikov. "Examining effects of NS1 specific antibodies on sublethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia in mice." Russian Journal of Immunology 23, no. 4 (2020): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.46235/1028-7221-438-eeo.

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Анотація:
Influenza is a highly contagious respiratory disease widespread throughout the world that causes disease in humans, birds and many mammalian species. Annually, around 20% of the global human gets sick with influenza so that more than 500,000 people die its various complications. Secondary bacterial pneumonia poses the peak threat during influenza infection, being most frequently caused by S. pneumoniae. Multiple studies in humans confirm the negative impact of influenza virus infection on subsequent outcome of bacterial pneumonia and provides insight into increased morbidity and mortality due
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5

Oliveira, Eduardo C., Paul E. Marik, and Gene Colice. "Influenza Pneumonia." Chest 119, no. 6 (2001): 1717–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.119.6.1717.

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6

Lahti, Elina, Ville Peltola, Raimo Virkki, and Olli Ruuskanen. "Influenza Pneumonia." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 25, no. 2 (2006): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000199265.90299.26.

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7

Tang, Kuo-Shu, Chih-Min Tsai, Ming-Chou Cheng, Ying-Hsien Huang, Chih-Hao Chang, and Hong-Ren Yu. "Salivary Biomarkers to Differentiate between Streptococcus pneumoniae and Influenza A Virus-Related Pneumonia in Children." Diagnostics 13, no. 8 (2023): 1468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13081468.

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Анотація:
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common among children and can be fatal in certain conditions. In children, CAP can be caused by viral or bacterial infections. Identification of pathogens can help select appropriate therapeutic strategies. Salivary analysis may be a potential diagnostic tool because it is noninvasive, patient-friendly, and easy to perform in children. A prospective study was conducted in children with pneumonia admitted to a hospital. Salivary samples from patients with definite Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A strains were used for gel-free (isobaric tag for rela
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8

van der Sluijs, Koenraad F., Leontine J. R. van Elden, Monique Nijhuis, et al. "Involvement of the platelet-activating factor receptor in host defense against Streptococcus pneumoniae during postinfluenza pneumonia." American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology 290, no. 1 (2006): L194—L199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajplung.00050.2005.

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Анотація:
Although influenza infection alone may lead to pneumonia, secondary bacterial infections are a much more common cause of pneumonia. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most frequently isolated causative pathogen during postinfluenza pneumonia. Considering that S. pneumoniae utilizes the platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) to invade the respiratory epithelium and that the PAFR is upregulated during viral infection, we here used PAFR gene-deficient (PAFR−/−) mice to determine the role of this receptor during postinfluenza pneumococcal pneumonia. Viral clearance was similar in wild-type and PA
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9

Almond, Mark H., Danny F. McAuley, Matt P. Wise, and Mark JD Griffiths. "Influenza-related pneumonia." Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (2012): 67–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.12-1-67.

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10

Dignan, Fergus. "Influenza-related pneumonia." Clinical Medicine 12, no. 3 (2012): 299.2–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.12-3-299a.

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11

Kim, Jae Yeol. "Influenza Associated Pneumonia." Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases 70, no. 4 (2011): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.4046/trd.2011.70.4.285.

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12

Louie, M., B. Dyck, S. Parker, L. Sekla, and L. E. Nicolle. "Nosocomial Pneumonia in a Canadian Tertiary Center: A Prospective Surveillance Study." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 12, no. 6 (1991): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646356.

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AbstractObjective:To determine the contribution of etiologic agents, including Legionellapneumophilaand respiratory viruses to nosocomial pneumonia at a tertiary care center.Design:Prospective surveillance of nosocomial pneumonia with standardized laboratory investigations.Setting:A 1,100-bed tertiary care center.Patients:All adult inpatients.Results:One hundred and thirty-five Nosocomial pneumonias (5.7/1,000 discharges) were identified. Four (3.0%) were L pneumophila sero-group 1 infections (0.17/1,000 discharges). LegionelIosis occurred in non-high-risk patients, and three cases would not h
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13

Kumari, Babita, and Vijay Kumar. "Respiratory pathogens in community acquired pneumonia." Bioinformation 21, no. 3 (2025): 314–18. https://doi.org/10.6026/973206300210314.

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Анотація:
Respiratory pathogens in community-acquired pneumonia are of interest. Hence, adults over 20 years of age who arrived at participating institutions' emergency rooms or outpatient clinics with pneumonia as clinical diagnosis were qualified for participation and evaluated for consideration in the study. Analysis shows that K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa and S. pneumoniae was the most common bacterial pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia. Most common viral pathogens associated with community-acquired pneumonia are influenza A and rhinovirus A.
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14

Sawani, Ali, Detchvijitr Suwanpakdee, Veerachai Watanaveeradej, et al. "714. Predictors of Influenza-Associated Hospitalization and Pneumonia in a Pediatric Population in Bangkok, Thailand." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S256—S257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.721.

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Abstract Background Influenza infection in children can be severe, resulting in complications such as pneumonia, but may be mitigated by early recognition and administration of antivirals. In this study, we identified risk factors for hospitalization and pneumonia in a pediatric population presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) in Thailand. Methods Our study included pediatric patients (age < 18 years) presenting with ILI to inpatient and outpatient departments at a public hospital in Bangkok, Thailand, from 2009 to 2016. ILI was defined as fever plus cough or sore-throat, and pne
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15

Falynskova, I. N., A. Yu Egorov, A. V. Poddubikov, et al. "Vaccination with virus-like particles containing hemagglutinin protects the lungs of mice with postifluenza bacterial pneumonia: virological, microbiological and clinical data." Problems of Virology, Russian journal 65, no. 3 (2020): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0507-4088-2020-65-3-150-158.

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Анотація:
Introduction. Influenza is a severe viral disease, a frequent complication of which is a secondary bacterial pneumonia. Influenza vaccines prevent secondary bacterial complications. Virus-like particles are one of the promising areas for the development of new vaccines. The aim of this work is to study the correlation of the pathomorphological characteristics of the lungs with clinical, virological, and microbiological markers of the disease at vaccination with virus-like particles (VLPs), containing hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus (HA-Gag-VLPs) in a murine model of secondary bacterial p
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16

Shinozaki, Taro, Kotaro Sasahara, Eri Iwami, et al. "A Case of Influenza B and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Coinfection in an Adult." Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2018 (November 25, 2018): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3529358.

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Анотація:
A 19-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a persistent fever and cough that lasted for over a week. Influenza B virus infection was diagnosed using the rapid test kit. Initially, the patient was diagnosed with influenza B infection associated with lobar pneumonia and treated with an anti-influenza virus drug and sulbactam/ampicillin. The patient’s fever persisted, and her respiratory condition worsened. On day 5, a computed tomography (CT) scan revealed an extension of the consolidation areas in the left lung and new opacities in the right lung. The antibiotic treatment was c
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17

Stout-Delgado, Heather, Anushree Shirali, Richard Jaramillo, and Kevin Harrod. "Impaired NLRP3 inflammasome activity in elderly hosts contributes to the prevalence of primary and secondary Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. (114.4)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 114.4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.114.4.

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Анотація:
Abstract Lethal pneumonia has become a serious problem in elderly populations. Although influenza infection alone may lead to pneumonia, secondary bacterial infections, such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, during and shortly after recovery from influenza infections are more common. Previous work has demonstrated that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated in the lung during influenza viral infection by the M2 ion channel as well as during S. pneumoniae bacterial infection by pneumolysin; however, the impact of aging on inflammasome function during primary or secondary S. pneumoniae infection has not
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18

Lu, Linglong, Hainan Xu, Dongping Huang, and Shumei Peng. "Analysis of Clinical Characteristics of Severe Pneumonia in Children Under Regular COVID-19 Outbreak Prevention and Control." Journal of Clinical Medicine Research 3, no. 2 (2022): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32629/jcmr.v3i2.857.

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Objective — To investigate the clinical characteristics of severe pneumonia in childhood under the regular prevention and control of the COVID-19 epidemic in 2021. Methods — The clinical data of 132 children with severe pneumonia in our pediatric intensive care unit from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2021, were counted. Results: There were 132 children diagnosed with severe pneumonia, including 49 with different underlying diseases: 12 with airway dysplasia, 13 with genetic metabolic diseases, 11 with congenital heart disease, 10 with malnutrition, 2 with drowning, and 1 with insecticide po
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19

Nicolini, Antonello, Catia Cillóniz, Erika Cuenca, and Antoni Torres. "Influenza A (H1N1) Pneumonia." Clinical Pulmonary Medicine 19, no. 6 (2012): 246–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cpm.0b013e318271cf14.

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20

Guillamet, Cristina Vazquez, and Marin H. Kollef. "Corticosteroids for Influenza Pneumonia." Critical Care Medicine 44, no. 6 (2016): 1246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0000000000001692.

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21

Cavallazzi, Rodrigo, and Julio A. Ramirez. "Influenza and Viral Pneumonia." Clinics in Chest Medicine 39, no. 4 (2018): 703–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccm.2018.07.005.

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22

Cavallazzi, Rodrigo, and Julio A. Ramirez. "Influenza and Viral Pneumonia." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 38, no. 1 (2024): 183–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2023.12.010.

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23

Geddes, A. M. "Influenza and bacterial pneumonia." International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents 34, no. 4 (2009): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.06.004.

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24

Gulliford, Stephen Richard, and Eleanor Checkley. "Severe Invasive Pneumococcal Sepsis Associated with Influenza a Infection." Journal of the Intensive Care Society 10, no. 4 (2009): 297–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/175114370901000418.

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We present two patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis secondary to severe community-acquired pneumococcal pneumonia who had, in addition, influenza A positive serology. Both Streptococcus pneumoniae and influenza A are known to be responsible for significant morbidity and mortality in their own right during the winter months. This report highlights the need, in cases of confirmed pneumococcal pneumonia, to test for other organisms at an early stage, in particular influenza A and other respiratory viruses, as this synergistic combination is known to carry a very high mortality
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25

Cillóniz, Catia, Juan M. Pericàs, Jorge R. Rojas, and Antoni Torres. "Severe Infections Due to Respiratory Viruses." Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 43, no. 01 (2022): 060–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1740982.

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AbstractSevere viral infections may result in severe illnesses capable of causing acute respiratory failure that could progress rapidly to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), related to worse outcomes, especially in individuals with a higher risk of infection, including the elderly and those with comorbidities such as asthma, diabetes mellitus and chronic respiratory or cardiovascular disease. In addition, in cases of severe viral pneumonia, co-infection with bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus is related to worse outcomes. Respiratory viruses like influ
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26

Cashman, Patrick, Peter Massey, David Durrheim, Fakhrul Islam, Tony Merritt, and Keith Eastwood. "Pneumonia cluster in a boarding school – implications for influenza control." Communicable Diseases Intelligence 31 (September 1, 2007): 296–98. https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi-2007-31-30.

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Influenza infection increases susceptibility to S. pneumoniae infection in adults but this link is less well described in children. We report on an outbreak of CAP affecting 25 previously well adolescents in a New South Wales boarding school. S. pneumoniae 1 was confirmed in two cases. During this period, the school also experienced an influenza outbreak with an influenza-like illness attack rate peaking at 27% in Year 8 students. A planned school closure may have contributed to controlling the outbreak. Boarding
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27

Cashman, Patrick, Peter Massey, David Durrheim, Fakhrul Islam, Tony Merritt, and Keith Eastwood. "Pneumonia cluster in a boarding school – implications for influenza control." Communicable Diseases Intelligence 31 (September 1, 2007): 296–98. https://doi.org/10.33321/cdi.2007.31.30.

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Анотація:
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a common cause of community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Influenza infection increases susceptibility to S. pneumoniae infection in adults but this link is less well described in children. We report on an outbreak of CAP affecting 25 previously well adolescents in a New South Wales boarding school. S. pneumoniae 1 was confirmed in two cases. During this period, the school also experienced an influenza outbreak with an influenza-like illness attack rate peaking at 27% in Year 8 students. A planned school closure may have contributed to controlling the outbreak. Boarding
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28

Krishnan, Madhan Krishnan. "Clinical and bacteriological profile of community acquired pneumonia in hospitalized children." Bioinformation 19, no. 6 (2023): 781–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630019781.

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Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity with important clinical impact across the World. India accounts for 23 per cent of global pneumonia burden with case fatality rates between 14 and 30 per cent. Pneumonia is basically classified into typical and atypical pneumonia. Emerging evidence indicates that dual typical and atypical bacterial infections function synergistically in many cases and together likely enhance the severity of CAP. However, the optimal management of CAP in children is still not well defined and the diagnosis is challenging when bas
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29

Chun-Chieh, Yang, Chen Chin-Ming, and Yu Wen-Liang. "Community-acquired Pneumonia with Concurrent Multi-infections of Influenza A, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Legionella and Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in a Diabetic Patient." Open Journal of Pulmonology and Respiratory Medicine 1, no. 1 (2019): 1–03. https://doi.org/10.36811/ojprm.2019.110001.

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Invasive pulmonary Aspergillus infection during or after severe influenza infection in an immunocompromised patient or a previously healthy person has been reported in the literature [1-2]. In addition, coinfections of Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae with influenza are common, whereas simultaneous infections of legionellosis with aspergillosis are unusual in patients with influenza [2]. We herein report a diabetic patient who presented with a community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The initial sputum culture yielded Aspergillus species and S. aureus, which were coinfected with in
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30

Leneva, I. A., A. Yu Egorov, I. N. Falynskova, et al. "INDUCTION OF SECONDARY BACTERIAL PNEUMONIA IN MICE INFECTED WITH PANDEMIC AND LABORATORY STRAINS OF THE H1N1 INFLUENZA VIRUS." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology 1, no. 1 (2019): 68–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2019-1-68-74.

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Aim. In this study we developed and characterized a mouse model of secondary S. aureus and S. pneumoniae pneumonia following influenza virus infection with H1N1 pandemic and laboratory strains and their reassortment. Materials and methods. BALB/с mice were infected intranasally with A/California/04/2009/(H1N1 pndm), A/Puerto Rico/8/34 or their reassortment NIBRG-121xp followed by different strains of S. аureus и S. pneumoniae. The pathogenicity of infection was assessed by mouse survival and weight change, viral titre and bacterial count in the lungs. Results. It was shown that the infection o
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31

Leneva, Irina A., Irina N. Falynskova, Nailya R. Makhmudova, et al. "Effect of triazavirine on the outcome of a lethal influenza infection and secondary bacterial pneumonia following influenza in mice." Microbiology Independent Research Journal 4, no. 1 (2018): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.18527/2500-2236-2017-4-1-52-57.

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&nbsp; &nbsp;Pneumonia often occurs as secondary infection post influenza disease and accounts for a large proportion of the morbidity and mortality associated with seasonal and pandemic influenza outbreaks. The antiviral drug triazavirine is licensed in Russia for the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory infections, including influenza A and B viruses. In the present study, we investigated the efficacy of triazavirine in a mouse model of secondary <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>pneumonia following A/California/04/2009 (H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus infection. We also performed a study
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32

Putri, Franciska Dea Chika, and Nindya Augesti. "PEMILIHAN TATA LAKSANA PNEUMONIA PADA KEHAMILAN." JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53366/jimki.v7i1.401.

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Pendahuluan: Pneumonia pada masyarakat adalah penyakit umum di seluruh dunia. Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) diakui sebagai masalah umum yang membawa morbiditas dan mortalitas yang substansial. Di Amerika Serikat, pneumonia dengan komplikasi angkanya 0,5 hingga 1,5 per 1.000 kehamilan. Adaptasi secara fisiologis dalam sistem pernapasan dan imunologi dapat meningkatkan kerentanan terhadap infeksi paru serta mengubah perjalanan klinisnya. Semua bakteri, virus, dan jamur menyebabkan pneumonia pada kehamilan, meskipun agen penyebabnya diidentifikasi hanya pada 40- 60% kasus. Patogen tunggal ya
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33

UPSHUR, R. E. G., R. MOINEDDIN, E. J. CRIGHTON, and M. MAMDANI. "Interactions of viral pathogens on hospital admissions for pneumonia, croup and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases: results of a multivariate time-series analysis." Epidemiology and Infection 134, no. 6 (2006): 1174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268806006236.

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Анотація:
Co-circulation of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza has made the partitioning of morbidity and mortality from each virus difficult. Given the interaction between chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and pneumonia, often one can be mistaken for the other. Multivariate time-series methodology was applied to examine the impact of RSV and influenza on hospital admissions for bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and COPD. The Granger Causality Test, used to determine the causal relationship among series, showed that COPD and pneumonia are not influenced by RSV (P=0·2999 and 0·7725), but RSV d
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34

Mackenzie, Grant Austin, Jessica McLellan, Eunice Machuka, et al. "Aetiology of lobar pneumonia determined by multiplex molecular analyses of lung and pleural aspirate specimens in the Gambia: findings from population-based pneumonia surveillance." BMJ Open 12, no. 3 (2022): e056706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056706.

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ObjectivesTo determine the causes of lobar pneumonia in rural Gambia.Design and settingPopulation-based pneumonia surveillance at seven peripheral health facilities and two regional hospitals in rural Gambia. 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) was introduced routinely in August 2009 and replaced by PCV13 from May 2011.MethodsProspective pneumonia surveillance was undertaken among all ages with referral of suspected pneumonia cases to the regional hospitals. Blood culture and chest radiographs were performed routinely while lung or pleural aspirates were collected from selected, cli
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35

Bartley, Patricia, Abhishek Deshpande, Pei-Chun Yu, et al. "2793. Influenza and Bacterial Pneumonia Coinfection: Rates and Outcomes." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (2019): S987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2470.

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Abstract Background Limited evidence suggests that influenza leads not only to bacterial colonization and greater risk of bacterial pneumonia, but to poor outcomes and increased mortality. We compared bacterial culture results between patients positive (FLU+) and negative (FLU-) for influenza in the setting of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Among FLU+ patients we compared bacterial etiology, characteristics, treatment and outcomes between patients with and without bacterial coinfection. Methods We included adults admitted with pneumonia 2010–2015 to 179 US hospitals participating in the P
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Cannesson, Alexandre, and Narcisse Elenga. "Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among French Guianese Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2021 (December 22, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4358818.

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Community-acquired pneumonia remains a leading cause of hospitalizations among children worldwide. The diagnosis is based on the history, the physical examination results in children with fever plus respiratory signs and symptoms, and chest radiography. The microbiological etiology is confirmed by viral testing and hemocultures. The most likely etiology depends on the age of the child. The features of childhood pneumonia vary between countries and territories. The purpose of this study was to describe the epidemiological characteristics and current microbial ecology of community-acquired pneum
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37

Tolstova, E. M., M. V. Besedina, O. V. Zaytseva, et al. "Pathogenetic mechanisms of destructive pneumonia in children. Case report with literature review." Russian Journal of Woman and Child Health 6, no. 3 (2023): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32364/2618-8430-2023-6-3-15.

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Destructive pneumonia (DP) in children is a complication derived from community-acquired pneumonia, while parenchymal necrosis occurs in the pulmonary infiltration zone with the formation of multiple merging small cavities. The disease pathogenesis has not yet been precisely established. The factors predisposing to pulmonary destructive complications in pneumonia remain unknown. We present a case study of this disease in a 5-year-old female patient hospitalized in December 2022. Manifestation in the form of acute upper respiratory tract infection, subsequent deterioration with the progression
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38

Bratton, S. "Consider the Influence of Influenza on Complicated Pneumonia." AAP Grand Rounds 26, no. 3 (2011): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.26-3-32.

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39

Tanaka, Akitaka, Shigeki Nakamura, Masafumi Seki, et al. "Toll-Like Receptor 4 Agonistic Antibody Promotes Innate Immunity against Severe Pneumonia Induced by Coinfection with Influenza Virus and Streptococcus pneumoniae." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 7 (2013): 977–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00010-13.

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ABSTRACTCoinfection with bacteria is a major cause of mortality during influenza epidemics. Recently, Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists were shown to have immunomodulatory functions. In the present study, we investigated the effectiveness and mechanisms of the new TLR4 agonistic monoclonal antibody UT12 against secondary pneumococcal pneumonia induced by coinfection with influenza virus in a mouse model. Mice were intranasally inoculated withStreptococcus pneumoniae2 days after influenza virus inoculation. UT12 was intraperitoneally administered 2 h before each inoculation. Survival rates were
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40

Delhommeau, Grégoire, Niccolò Buetti, Mathilde Neuville, et al. "Bacterial Pulmonary Co-Infections on ICU Admission: Comparison in Patients with SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza Acute Respiratory Failure: A Multicentre Cohort Study." Biomedicines 10, no. 10 (2022): 2646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10102646.

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Background: Few data are available on the impact of bacterial pulmonary co-infection (RespCoBact) during COVID-19 (CovRespCoBact). The aim of this study was to compare the prognosis of patients admitted to an ICU for influenza pneumonia and for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia with and without RespCoBact. Methods: This was a multicentre (n = 11) observational study using the Outcomerea© database. Since 2008, all patients admitted with influenza pneumonia or SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia and discharged before 30 June 2021 were included. Risk factors for day-60 death and for ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) in
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41

Houlihan, Elaine, Raymond McLoughlin, and Ruth Waldron. "Streptococcus pneumoniae purulent pericarditis secondary to influenza A infection and pneumococcal pneumonia in an immunocompetent woman." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (2021): e240763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240763.

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A 44-year-old previously well woman presented with features of respiratory sepsis including a productive cough and fevers, with a recent preceding influenza-like illness. She was diagnosed with community-acquired pneumonia on chest radiograph, influenza infection via nasopharyngeal swab and Streptococcus pneumoniae bloodstream infection with associated purulent pericarditis. She was managed with pericardial drainage and concurrent treatment with antibiotics and made an excellent recovery. This case highlights the complications of both influenza and S. pneumoniae infections, and the importance
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42

Noymer, Andrew. "INFLUENZA ANALYSIS SHOULD INCLUDE PNEUMONIA." American Journal of Public Health 98, no. 11 (2008): 1927–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.143610.

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43

Capatos, Gerry. "Case study: Complicated influenza pneumonia." Qatar Medical Journal 2017, no. 1 (2017): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qmj.2017.swacelso.76.

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44

MORTON, STEVEN E., MATHEW MATHAI, RYLAND P. BYRD, CHERYL L. FIELDS, and THOMAS M. ROY. "Influenza A Pneumonia With Rhabdomyolysis." Southern Medical Journal 94, no. 1 (2001): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200101000-00013.

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45

MORTON, STEVEN E., MATHEW MATHAI, RYLAND P. BYRD, CHERYL L. FIELDS, and THOMAS M. ROY. "Influenza A Pneumonia With Rhabdomyolysis." Southern Medical Journal 94, no. 1 (2001): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007611-200194010-00013.

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46

Glezen, W. Paul. "Influenza B and staphylococcal pneumonia." Journal of Pediatrics 107, no. 4 (1985): 651–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(85)80062-7.

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47

Torrego, A., V. Pajares, A. Mola, E. Lerma, and T. Franquet. "Influenza A (H1N1) organising pneumonia." Case Reports 2010, apr27 1 (2010): bcr1220092531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr.12.2009.2531.

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48

Laibl, Vanessa R., and Jeanne S. Sheffield. "Influenza and Pneumonia in Pregnancy." Clinics in Perinatology 32, no. 3 (2005): 727–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clp.2005.04.009.

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49

Ramsey, Clare D., and Anand Kumar. "Influenza and Endemic Viral Pneumonia." Critical Care Clinics 29, no. 4 (2013): 1069–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ccc.2013.06.003.

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50

Godoy, Pere, Núria Soldevila, Ana Martínez, et al. "Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination and Early Antiviral Treatment in Reducing Pneumonia Risk in Severe Influenza Cases." Vaccines 12, no. 2 (2024): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020173.

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Introduction: Influenza vaccination may be effective in preventing influenza infection and may reduce the risk of influenza-associated pneumonia. The study aim was to evaluate the effect of influenza vaccination in preventing pneumonia when it failed to prevent influenza hospitalization. Methods: This was a case–control study comparing hospitalized cases of influenza with and without pneumonia in patients aged ≥18 years in 16 hospitals in Catalonia over 10 influenza seasons (2010–11 to 2019–20). Data on sociodemographic, virological characteristics, comorbidities, vaccination history, and anti
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