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Статті в журналах з теми "Informalità urbana"
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Silva, Sara Uchoa Araújo. "Entre o formal e o informal: as ZEIS como instrumento do planejamento urbano na Subprefeitura de Itaquera." Latitude 13, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 121–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/lte.2019.n.2.9135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A ideia do informal é comumente assimilada ao seu aspecto de negação. A informalidade tem sido entendida como diametralmente oposta ao que é formal e, no campo dos estudos urbanos, esse antagonismo é utilizado como estratégia discursiva para medidas práticas no território. Entendendo as regulações urbanas como o elemento a cindir a membrana porosa entre o formal e o informal no espaço, as Zonas Especiais de Interesse Social (ZEIS) surgem, então, como fruto da luta popular pela legitimidade dos assentamentos informais dentro do planejamento urbano formal. A partir da análise das ZEIS, da sua efetividade enquanto instrumento jurídico e espacial, foi possível vislumbrar como o poder público pensa a informalidade urbana articulada ao planejamento da cidade. Em São Paulo, inserida no contexto do capitalismo periférico, a utilização da Subprefeitura de Itaquera, como estudo de caso, se deu por ilustrar, por um lado, as transformações recentes na lógica de estruturação da cidade e, por outro, de um modelo de produção do espaço onde a informalidade urbana se apresenta mais como regra do que exceção.AbstractThe idea of the informal is commonly assimilated to its opposite. The informality has been understood as diametrically opposed to what is formal and, in the urban studies, this antagonism is used a discursive strategy for intervention in the territory. Once you see urban regulations as the element that breaks up the porous membrane between “the formal” and “the informal” in urban territory, the Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS, in Brazil) are the result of the popular struggle for the legitimacy of informal settlements within formal urban planning. From the analysis of ZEIS, of its effectiveness as a legal and spatial instrument, it was possible to understand how the State thinks the urban informality, articulated to the city planning. In São Paulo, in the context of peripheral capitalism, the choice of region of Itaquera as case study it’s because its territory shows the recent transformations in the structuring logic of the city and a model of space production where urban informality is more a rule than an exception.
2
Clichevsky, Nora. "Informalidad y regularización del suelo urbano en América Latina: algunas reflexiones." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2007): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2007v9n2p55.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este artigo mostra as dificuldades de acesso ao solo por parte da população urbana pobre da América Latina e os resultados da implementação de Programas de regularização, que procuram solucionar a situação da população que mora de maneira informal nas cidades e áreas metropolitanas. Tais Programas têm surgido a partir da existência da irregularidade/ilegalidade/informalidade nas formas de ocupação do solo e de construção do habitat urbano. Compõem o artigo uma introdução, um capítulo sobre a informalidade urbana, outro sobre as políticas de regularização, tanto de propriedades quanto de melhoramento de bairros e, finalmente, reflexões sobre a implementação dessas políticas e seu impacto sobre a população objeto de sua aplicação.Palavras-chave: informalidade urbana; regularização urbana; legalização dominial; melhoramento de bairros. Abstract: This article discusses the difficulties of land access of poor urban population in Latin America and the results of the implementation of regulation Programs which tend to solve the situation of the population that inhabits informally in the cities and Latin American metropolitan areas. These Programs have started from the existence of irregularity/ illegality/ informality on land occupation and the construction of the urban habitat. The article consists of an introduction, a section on the urban informal act, other about the regulation policies, as per tenant purposes as improvement of neighborhoods and finally reflections on the implementation of such policies and the impacts on the population that are objective of them.Keywords: urban informality; urban regulation; legalization; improvement of neighborhoods.
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Bordignon, Gabriel Barros, Jacinta Francisco Dias, and Alefe Abraão da Silva dos Santos. "COVID-19 E INFORMALIDADE URBANA: diálogos entre Moçambique e Brasil." Revista de Políticas Públicas 25, no. 1 (July 11, 2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2178-2865.v25n1p104-129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente artigo investiga a questão da informalidade urbana no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19 em Moçambique e Brasil através de um diálogo entre as cidades de Pemba (Cabo Delgado) e Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro), que revela a grande disparidade socioeconômica, política e conjuntural entre os dois países. A pesquisa se apoia em revisão bibliográfica e documental de produções científicas, relatórios nacionais e internacionais, dados censitários governamentais e institucionais, entrevistas informais e cobertura midiática a respeito da questão da informalidade urbana e da pandemia de COVID-19 nos dois países. O trabalho reflete sobre as condições de cumprimento das recomendações hegemônicas, centradas na OMS; apresenta cenários atuais e dados gerais;eanalisa discursos oficiais e ações governamentais no que se refere às posturas frente à pandemia.Por fim,demonstracomo a presença da informalidade urbana histórica, dadas as condições socioeconômicas e posturaserráticasdos poderes públicos,são questões determinantes para a situação da saúde pública e das vidas das populações em Moçambique e Brasil no contexto pandêmico, apontando para a necessidade de políticas públicas integradas, abrangentes, e que contemplem, também, especificidades locais.COVID-19 AND URBAN INFORMALITY: dialogues between Mozambique and BrazilAbstractThe present article investigates the urban informality in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mozambique and Brazil through a dialogue between the cities of Pemba (Cabo Delgado) and Duque de Caxias (Rio de Janeiro), which reveals the great socioeconomic, political and conjuncture disparity between the two countries. The research is supported by bibliographic and documentary review of scientific productions, national and international reports, government and institutional census data, informal interviews and media coverage on the issue of urban informality and the COVID-19 pandemic in both countries. The work reflects on the conditions of compliance with the hegemonic recommendations, centered on the WHO/OMS(PT); presents current scenarios and general data; and analyzes official speeches and governmental actions with regard to the attitudes to the pandemic. Finally, it demonstrates how the presence of historic urban informality, given the socioeconomic conditions and erratic postures of public authorities, are decisive for the situation of public health and the lives of populations in Mozambique and Brazil in the pandemic context, pointing to the need for integrated, comprehensive public policies that also include local specificities.Keywords: COVID-19. Informality. Mozambique. Brazil
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De Nardis, Silvia. "Il riuso informale dei vuoti urbani. Il caso di Porto Fluviale Occupato a Roma." SOCIOLOGIA URBANA E RURALE, no. 128 (July 2022): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sur2022-128004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nelle città contemporanee aumentano spazi abbandonati e in disuso che spesso trovano nuova vita nelle azioni dal basso. Il contributo si concentra sul tema del riuso informale dei vuoti della città come strumento di sviluppo sociale e urbano, aprendo una riflessione sul ruolo dell'azione spontanea dei cittadini nelle logiche formali della città. Le pratiche urbane informali di riuso possono attivare processi di ricomposizione semantica e ri-territorializzazione in risposta all'odierna frammentazione socio-spaziale. Esse si connettono alle finalità dei processi di rigenerazione urbana e richiamano l'idea di un progetto collettivo per la città. Il contributo analizza il caso del riuso informale di Porto Fluviale a Roma.
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Chien, Ker-hsuan. "Entrepreneurialising urban informality: Transforming governance of informal settlements in Taipei." Urban Studies 55, no. 13 (October 18, 2017): 2886–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017726739.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Informality is a common urban experience among cities in the Global South. Given the thin social welfare and weak regulations, the urban subaltern has therefore had to improvise housing and employment in order to survive. Urban informality is hence conceived as a negotiation process through which spatial value is produced. However, under the current wave of urban entrepreneurialisation, informality is often deemed to be inefficient and unproductive in the new economy that the local governments are trying to build. Many of the informal settlements have been subject to demolition in order to make room for new urban development projects. With the cases of waterfront regeneration projects in Taipei, this paper argues that entrepreneurialism and informality are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Rather, through their co-evolution, urban informality actually contributes to the variegation of urban entrepreneurialism. This paper demonstrates how the urban squatters have managed to re-engage informality and urban development by actively participating in the shaping of the entrepreneurial discourses, reinventing their informal settlements as a key feature that contributes to the city’s economic development. However, although this entwining of entrepreneurialism and informality has brought new opportunities to the informal settlements, it has at the same time presented new threats to their current way of life. By focusing on the entrepreneurialising of urban informality, this paper offers a grounded perspective on the ways in which the urban subaltern has reacted to the unfolding urban entrepreneurialism in Taiwan.
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Oliveira, Samuel Silva Rodrigues de. "A imaginação da informalidade urbana e dos trabalhadores no Rio de Janeiro e em Belo Horizonte: uma análise dos censos de favelas (1948-1965)." Topoi (Rio de Janeiro) 23, no. 50 (August 2022): 540–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2237-101x02305010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
RESUMO O artigo analisa os censos de favelas do Rio de Janeiro e Belo Horizonte, observando a circulação de categorias sociais e técnicas de governo na compreensão da informalidade urbana na industrialização brasileira. Prioriza a compreensão das estatísticas formadas no sistema censitário do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) entre 1948 e 1965. As categorias estatísticas para representar as favelas em números estavam inscritas em relações de poder, e através dos censos ocorriam debates sobre as políticas de “desfavelamento” das cidades e a imagem do “trabalhador favelado”. Por meio das estatísticas, a imaginação da favela carioca foi nacionalizada como “problema urbano” e “habitacional” do desenvolvimento urbano-industrial brasileiro.
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Juwita, Ruth Dea, and Yohanes Basuki Dwisusanto. "Spatial integration of urban informality in Jakarta." ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 7, no. 3 (December 30, 2022): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v7i3.1663.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban informality is an everyday life phenomenon in Jakarta but has not been extensively discussed, especially in relation to spatial design practice. This is important because formality and informality are not entirely separate but rather interconnected and complementary (Moatasim, 2019). It has also been discovered that on-street informality such as street vending demonstrates the existence and trend of urban space and also acts as the most visible manifestation of the informal economy. Therefore, this research focuses on investigating the integration of urban informality with special attention to its influence on the spatial or architectural aspects. This was achieved through the qualitative method which involves the application of a phenomenological paradigm by participating in the street vending and informal economy on Thamrin 10, Jalan H. Agus Salim, and Jalan Percetakan Negara streets in Jakarta. The results showed that informality is present at different degrees of contemporary urban life and there is a pressing spatial demand for such activities. Moreover, it was discovered that spatial integration of urban informality has the ability to sustain and catalyse greater urban frameworks, including the activities of the formal sector.
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Müller, Frank I. "Urban informality as a signifier: Performing urban reordering in suburban Rio de Janeiro." International Sociology 32, no. 4 (April 3, 2017): 493–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580917701585.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Urban informality is typically ascribed to the urban poor in cities of the Global South. Drawing on Judith Butler’s concept of performativity and taking the case of Rio de Janeiro in the context of the 2016 Olympic Games, this article conceptualizes informality as a signifier and a procedural, relational category. Specifically, it shows how different class actors have employed the signifier informality (1) to legitimize the confinement of marginalized populations; (2) to justify the organized efforts of the upper middle class to protect their ‘self-enclosed’ gated communities; and (3) to warrant the formation of opposition and alliances between inhabitants, activists, and researchers on the edges of the urban order. This article offers new perspectives to better understand the relationship between informality and confinement by examining the active role that inhabitants of marginalized settlements assume in the Olympic City.
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Acuto, Michele, Cecilia Dinardi, and Colin Marx. "Transcending (in)formal urbanism." Urban Studies 56, no. 3 (January 8, 2019): 475–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018810602.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this introduction to the special issue ‘Transcending (in)formal urbanism’ we outline the important place that informal urbanism has acquired in urban theorising, and an agenda to further this standing towards an even more explicit role in defining how we research cities. We note how informality has frequently been perceived as the formal’s ‘other’ implying a necessary ‘othering’ of informality that creates dualisms between formal and informal, a localised informal and a globalising formal, or an informal resistance and a formal neoliberal control, that this special issue seeks to challenge. The introduction, and the issue, aim to prompt a dialogue across a diversity of disciplinary approaches still rarely in communication, with the goal of going beyond (‘transcending’) the othering of informality for the benefit of a more inclusive urban theory contribution. The introduction suggests three related steps that could help with transcending dualisms in the understanding of informality: first, to transcend the disciplinary boundaries that limit informal urbanism to the study of housing or the labour market; second, to transcend the way in which informality is understood as separate from the domain of the formal (processes, institutions, mechanisms); and, third, to transcend the way in which informality is so tightly held in relation to understandings of neoliberalism. Challenging where the confines of urban studies might be, we argue for informality to better serve and broaden the community of urban research towards a more global urban theorising, starting from situated experiences and including cross-disciplinary experimentation.
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Sarmiento, Hugo, and Chris Tilly. "Governance Lessons from Urban Informality." Politics and Governance 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i1.1169.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We locate this issue’s papers on a spectrum of radicalism. We then examine that spectrum, and the governance mechanisms described, through the lens of a significant arena of urban counter-planning: the urban informal economy. Drawing on our own research on self-organization by informal workers and settlers, as well as broader literatures, we suggest useful lessons for reinventing urban governance.
Дисертації з теми "Informalità urbana"
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Chien, Ker-Hsuan. "Water, informality, and hybridising urban governance in Taiwan." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/cc4780ba-760d-4d30-8440-40bb090458d8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past ten years urban adaptation in the changing climate has become a primary concern for urban governance, as cities, especially those in developing countries, are burgeoning while natural disasters escalate, Securing the human habitat in the urban areas has became central to the sustaining of the human race. Dealing with urban water, therefore, is a ceaseless struggle between nature and the human need to seek new knowledge and technology in urban water governance. Being a city in great danger of flooding, Taipei's way of taming urban water has been a long process of disaster experience, knowledge learning, policy transferral, and negotiation with local citizenry. By delineating Taipei's water taming process, not only we can understand the city and water through their co-evolving processes, but we can also re-think how urban water has been conceptualised by man, and how this conceptualisation has affected the human dwellings on the waterfront. To depict the shifting human-water relationships of Taipei, this thesis employs the Deleuzean assemblage theory, treating Taipei's urban water governance as an assembling process of natural events, knowledge learning, mobile urban policy, urban informality, and neoliberal ideology. By adopting assemblage theory in the case of Taipei's urban water governance, the interweaving of floods, water knowledge, historical incidents, human dwellings, and the conducting of neoliberal urban governance can thus be re-figured in a processual manner, as a part of the constituting of the urban assemblage. Through attending to each of the constituents of this assemblage, seeing all parts of the urban assemblage as active and significant, this thesis not only demonstrates how water and the city shape each other, but it also indicates new possibilities in negotiating with neoliberal urban governance.
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Dominguez, Moreno Jorge Andres. "Three empirical essays on urban economics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La ciudad es el resultado de la confluencia entre firmas y trabajadores e, implícitamente, una relación entre las capacidades productivas de las firmas y la productividad de las áreas en donde están localizadas. Además, la localización residencial de los trabajadores representa las ventajas y desventajas en el mercado laboral debido a que deben asumir los costos de desplazamiento.
Bogotá y Cali, las ciudades que son objeto de estudio en esta tesis doctoral, son usadas para abordar tres temas cruciales que afectan a las ciudades en los países en desarrollo: el desempleo, la informalidad y el crimen.
Bogotá, como la mayoría de las grandes ciudades en América Latina, ha experimentado problemas debido al descontrolado crecimiento urbano y la segregación espacial desde 1950. Este crecimiento descontrolado ha resultado en una expansión urbana que ha incrementado la distancia entre las viviendas de los trabajadores y las áreas donde se generan oportunidades de empleo. En el Capítulo 1 estimamos el efecto del acceso al empleo en la probabilidad de ser empleado. Para esto usamos microdatos de encuestas de hogares e información de localización de empleos a nivel de Census Tract. Estimamos ecuaciones de probabilidad de empleo para analizar la desconexión entre los trabajadores y las oportunidades de empleo controlando por características de los trabajadores. Además, usamos la metodología de variables instrumentales para abordar el problema de la endogeneidad. El principal resultado es que el acceso al empleo tiene un efecto positivo y significativo en la probabilidad de que el trabajador se encuentre empleado.
La evidencia empírica con respecto a temas de aglomeración y localización espacial tiene que ver con empresas formales. La literatura ha mencionado marginalmente lo que sucede con las firmas informales. En el Capítulo 2 estimamos el efecto de la aglomeración espacial en el porcentaje de firmas informales a nivel de barrio. Las firmas informales son aquellas que producen bienes y servicios legales, pero que no cumplen con la regulación oficial. Este tema es relevante porque, al igual que en otros países en desarrollo, el sector informal en Colombia emplea más del 50% de la mano de obra. En este estudio encontramos que un incremento de una desviación estándar en los niveles de aglomeración espacial el porcentaje de firmas informales se reduce en 16%. Estos resultados son consistentes con la idea de que las firmas informales se benefician menos de las economías de aglomeración debido a que las restricciones legales bloquean su relación con firmas formales.
Latinoamérica domina la lista de las ciudades más violentas del mundo. La literatura señala que las altas tasas de crimen representan una pérdida significativa de bienestar. Además, las tasas de crimen no se distribuyen de manera homogénea en el área urbana. En respuesta a los riesgos que impone el crimen, las personas tienen dos opciones: votar por políticas contra el crimen o moverse a otros barrios. En 2015, la ciudad con más homicidios fue Caracas (Venezuela) con 120 por cada 100,000 personas y la ciudad de Cali (Colombia) registró 65. Sabemos que el crimen tiene un efecto en el mercado de la vivienda, por lo tanto, el objetivo del Capítulo 3 es estimar la relación entre los precios de las viviendas y las tasas de homicidio en Cali. Encontramos que un incremento de 10% en las tasas de homicidio están relacionadas con una disminución entre el 2% y el 2.5% en los precios de las viviendas.A city is a confluence between firms and workers and, implicitly, a relationship between the productive capacities of firms and the productivity of the areas in which they are located. Moreover, the residence location of workers represents advantageous or disadvantageous opportunities in the labour market because they have to assume commuting costs. Bogotá and Cali, the urban areas that we shall study in this thesis, are used to raise the crucial concerns of cities in developing countries. In the three empirical studies that make up this thesis, the central character is the city, but the main subjects are unemployment, informality and crime. Bogotá, like the majority of large Latin American cities, has experienced urban problems due to the uncontrolled growth of peripheral neighbourhoods and the socio-spatial segregation process that began in the 1950s. The rapid uncontrolled urbanization of the city has resulted in severe urban sprawl and this phenomenon has increased the distance between workers and job opportunities. In Chapter 1 we estimate the effect of job accessibility on the probability of being employed. Data used at individual level come from household surveys, while information about job location at census tract level comes from the Urban Planning Office. We estimate employment probability equations to analyse the disconnection between workers and job opportunities including controls at individual level. Moreover, the paper focuses on the treatment of the location endogeneity problem using instrumental variables. The main result is that job accessibility has a significant positive effect on the probability of being employed. Most of the empirical findings on spatial agglomeration and localization concern firms in the formal sector, and the literature say little about the effect of agglomeration on the localization of informal firms. In Chapter 2 we estimate the effect of agglomeration on the local share of informal firms that produce legal goods but do not comply with official regulations. This issue is relevant because, like other developing countries, the informal sector in Colombia employs more than 50% of the workforce. Our results demonstrate that one standard deviation increase in agglomeration reduces the local share of informal firms by 16%. Our results are consistent with the idea that informal firms benefit less from agglomeration because of legal restrictions that block the relationship with formal firms. The literature points out that high crime rates represent a significant welfare loss, reducing expected lifespan and increasing uncertainty about the future. However, crime rates are not homogeneously distributed within an urban area. This characteristic has a strong association with neighbourhood quality. In response to crime risk, residents generally have two options: they can vote for anti-crime policies or vote with their feet. In Chapter 3 we analyse this subject. Indeed, Latin America dominates the list of the world’s most violent cities. In 2015, Cali (Colombia) registered 65 homicides per 100,000 people in a ranking headed by Caracas (Venezuela) with 120. The literature points out that the local response to crime will be observed in the housing market. The objective of the analysis is to estimate the relationship between housing prices and homicide rates in Cali. We found that a 10% increase in the homicide rate is related with a decrease of between 2% and 2.5% in housing prices.
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Bari, Arezu Imran. "Understanding urban informality : everyday life in informal urban settlements in Pakistan." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3320.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapid urbanisation and severe housing shortages help explain why informal settlements of self-built housing are widespread in Pakistan today. Failure to ensure an adequate supply of affordable housing has led to the steady encroachment of state-owned and private vacant land for informal dwelling. Current estimates are that 67% of the urban population of Pakistan lives in unrecognised settlements (UN-Habitat, 2013). Urban informality is arguably under researched within the South Asian context, particularly Pakistan. This study considers how everyday life unfolds through various forms of extra-legal, social and discursive regulations in this context of pervasive informality. This exploration is developed for the particular case of the Siddiquia Mill Colony, Faisalabad City. A central premise is that we need to develop new theoretical analytic tools that reflect current global urban trends in order to shift the perception of informality from one of deviance and disorganisation to one of alternative functionality and complementarity. The vast majority of new housing and urban economic opportunities around the world occur in informal sectors and unregulated settings. Contrary to conventional understanding, particularly in relation to South Asian informality, the research findings highlight that informal housing and irregular settlements function as enduring modes of urban development, inadequately portrayed as symptoms of economic backwardness. The study provides concrete examples of how informality is co-produced with formal urban development, often filling the institutional, structural and administrative gaps that state-led planning practices leave behind. The empirical research draws on a mix of ethnographic data from a detailed survey of household housing characteristics, in-depth interviews and immersive observations, in a two-tier research design. The findings reinforce the notion that informality is ordinary rather than deviant. Inhabitants exhibit a sense of attachment, a recognition of alternative property rights and a perceived sense of entitlement in relation to their properties. It is noted that, while a desire to ‘own’ their property could be perceived as falling in line with neo-liberal ideals, the drivers and objectives underpinning ‘ownership’ in this context are far removed from the desire, or need, to be part of a capitalistic, neo-liberal, propertied citizenship. Rather, these aspirations are based on ideas of security and perpetuity. This is evident through a close reading of well-defined but complex webs of horizontal and vertical social relations. Social relations internally differentiate the inhabitants of Siddiquia Mill, highlighting the persistence of unequal power relations. The insights gained from this case study contribute deeper understanding in geography and planning debates by demonstrating the multiple ways that urban informality functions simultaneously as a social field of competition and cooperation. This work makes two significant contributions to scholarship. First, it explores the previously neglected context of informality in urban Pakistan, which is quite different from informality in other, more-well documented countries of South Asia. Second, it argues in favour of informality as a counter to neo-liberalist ideology.
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PENKO, TEIXEIRA CAIO. "Housing is Much More Than a Roof Over One’s Head: The Urban Politics of Immigrant Squatters’ Movements." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/356091.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'attuale tesi di dottorato esplora alcuni dibattiti attuali sulla precarietà abitativa esaminando la
politica dei movimenti degli occupanti abusivi degli immigrati. Questa ricerca è ambientata a
Torino, ma esplora una questione urbana più ampia per quanto riguarda la disuguaglianza spaziale,
i gruppi sociali emarginati e l'attivismo. Basando il lavoro etnografico sul campo
nell'"Occupazione ex-MOI", questa ricerca definisce un quadro per l'analisi della ricerca di
immigrati per la casa e altri luoghi di abitazione in esilio. La presente ricerca affronta questo
problema considerando come gli immigrati clandestini hanno appropriato spazi emarginati della
città per ottenere e sostenere un certo grado di potere politico come produttori di città. In tutti i
capitoli basati sugli articoli, questa analisi cerca di fare i conti con il modo in cui l'accovacciamento
collettivo negli edifici vacanti l'ha fatto diventare un campo di battaglia sociale da cui può
emergere una performativity sovversiva attraverso atti di solidarietà. Questa tesi avanza borsa di
studio esaminando le modalità di azione collettiva attraverso i movimenti degli abusivi e invita i
lettori a ripensare la condizione della loro dismissione. Offre un'analisi empiricamente fondata del
ruolo dei movimenti squatting-autonomi e si schiera per gli immigrati privi di documenti, i rifugiati
e le persone che chiedono asilo, e, cosa più importante, produce un resoconto teorico convincente
di cui la giustizia e i diritti dovrebbero applicarsi. Le persone in movimento che vivono ai margini
e le loro lotte per diventare politiche sono in ultima analisi questioni affascinanti per la politica
urbana di oggi. Ci ricordano che i movimenti di base svolgono un ruolo importante nel determinare
come la vita urbana è vissuta e negoziata. Inoltre, ci ricordano la centralità della casa, e che
abbiamo il diritto di fare affermazioni sul nostro corpo, indipendentemente dall'immigrazione e
dallo status di cittadinanza.The present doctoral thesis explores some current debates about housing precarity by looking at the politics of immigrant squatters’ movements. This research is set in Turin but explores a wider urban question regarding spatial inequality, marginalized social groups, and activism. Drawing upon the ethnographic fieldwork in the “Ex-MOI Occupation,” this research sets out a framework for the analyses of immigrants’ search for home and other places of dwelling in exile. The present research addresses this issue considering how illegalized immigrants appropriate marginalized spaces in the city to gain access to and sustain some degree of political power as city makers. Throughout the article-based chapters, this analysis seeks to grapple with how collective squatting in vacant buildings has caused it to become a social battleground from which subversive performativity may emerge through acts of solidarity. This thesis advances scholarship by examining the modes of collective action through squatters’ movements and invites readers to rethink the condition of one’s dispossession. It offers an empirically grounded analysis of the role of squatting-autonomous movements and stands up for undocumented immigrants, refugees, and people seeking asylum, and more importantly, produces a compelling theoretical account of to whom justice and rights should apply. People on the move that live on the margins and their struggles for becoming political are ultimately fascinating matters for today’s urban politics. They remind us that grassroots movements play an important role in determining how urban life is experienced and negotiated. Moreover, they remind us of the centrality of home, and that we are entitled to make claims over our own bodies, regardless of immigration and citizenship status.
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Chagnollaud, Fanny. "La comunidad andine, du village au quartier : l’invention d’une culture andine urbaine à Ayacucho (Pérou)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Située dans les Andes sud-centrales du Pérou, la ville d’Ayacucho a connu une expansion urbaine accélérée à partir des années 1950, nourrie par l’arrivée massive de migrants andins originaires des districts ruraux de la région. Aujourd’hui peuplée de plus de 151.000 habitants, elle apparaît comme un ensemble de quartiers agglomérés autour du centre historique colonial. La très grande majorité de ces quartiers est le résultat d’une invasion collective de terrains organisée par les migrants. Ce travail analyse les processus de formation et les modalités du fonctionnement quotidien de ces quartiers. Il montre comment, pour les fonder et assurer leur pérennité, les migrants ont reproduit les structures et les mécanismes sociaux andins traditionnels en les accommodant au milieu urbain. L’objectif de cette étude est de montrer comment ces migrants ont ainsi inventé une culture andine urbaine. Ces quartiers qu’ils ont construits constituent en effet une transposition en milieu urbain de la « comunidad » andine, généralement considérée comme une institution ruraleLocated in the south-central Andes of Peru, the city of Ayacucho underwent an accelerated urbanization process from the 1950’s, nourished by the massive arrival of immigrants from the Andean rural districts of the area. Peopled today with more than 151.000 inhabitants, it appears like a conglomerate of settlements gathered around the historical colonial centre of the city. A large majority of these settlements is the result of collective lands invasions organized by the immigrants. This work analyses the formation process and daily functioning of these settlements. It shows how, to found them and ensure their permanence, the immigrants reproduced the traditional Andean social structures and mechanisms, adapting them to the urban context. The objective of this study is to show that, by doing so, these immigrants invented an urban Andean culture. Those settlements they built are indeed a transposition in the urban environment of the Andean “comunidad”, generally considered a rural institution
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Cunha, Márcia Maria. "Informalidade urbana e segregação socioespacial em Bauru : o caso do Jardim Niceia /." Franca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Orientador: Agnaldo de Sousa BarbosaResumo: A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender como o processo de informalidade urbana e segregação socioespacial impacta nas condições de vida dos moradores do assentamento informal do Bairro Jardim Niceia, no município de Bauru. Para cumprir esse propósito, as técnicas de pesquisa utilizadas foram observação participante como voluntária do projeto Voz do Niceia e membro das oficinas socioterritoriais do CRAS Jardim Europa; pesquisa documental referente aos 205 cadastros com dados socioeconômicos dos moradores do Jardim Niceia, realizados pela SEPLAN; informações oficiais com o poder público mediante solicitações de informações sobre o atendimento das famílias nas diferentes políticas públicas; e entrevistas semiestruturadas com famílias beneficiárias do BPC. A pesquisa está amparada no método de análise da ciência reflexiva, operacionalizada pelo estudo de caso ampliado. A partir da observação participante é possível considerar que para que os serviços públicos alcancem os cidadãos, é preciso buscar alternativas, pois as ofertadas hoje não atendem às necessidades das famílias. O perfil das famílias aponta para baixa escolaridade; maioria com mulheres como chefe de família; trabalhos menos remunerados e desemprego; e casal com filhos. Quanto ao acesso aos serviços públicos, o de saúde foi o único tangível a todas as entrevistadas, ainda que de difícil acesso. Quanto à situação de informalidade urbana, o impacto para a maioria das entrevistadas é a insegurança da posse, de... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This research has the goal of understanding how the process of urban informality and socio-spatial segregation affects the life condition of the residents of the informal settlement Bairro Jardim Niceia in the city of Bauru, Brazil. To fulfill that purpose, the research techniques used were: participant observation as a volunteer of the project Voz do Niceia and member of the socio-territorial workshops of the CRAS Jardim Europa; documentary research regarding the 205 registers containing socioeconomic data from the Jardim Niceia residents, performed by SEPLAN; official information from public power upon request for information on services given to the families in different public policies; and semi-structured interviews with the families that benefit from the BPC. The research is based on the reflective science analysis method, operationalized by the expanded case study. From the participant observation, it is possible to consider that in order for the public services to reach the citizens, it is necessary to find alternatives, since the ones offered today do not meet the families' needs. The family profile indicates low education levels; most have women as householders; low-paying jobs and unemployment; and couples with children. As for access to public services, healthcare was the only one accessible to all the interviewed, even if hard to access. As for the urban informality situation, the impact for the majority of the interviewed is the insecurity of ownership, since th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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RICCHIARDI, HERNANDEZ ANA MARIA. "Mapping transitional urban forms The form of the in-formal in Sub-Saharan Africa." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2972206.
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Usman, Mohammad. "Ghanaians in the Bronx : (il)legal status and pathways to housing." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How does legal status shape access to housing? This research explores the housing journeys of Ghanaian migrants in the borough of the Bronx in New York City to answer that question. The aim of this research is to understand the processes by which poor documented and undocumented migrants access housing, and to uncover the hidden, informal sub-markets that they occupy. Data were collected over a 14-month period of fieldwork, through 2014 and 2015, using a mixed methods approach. Quantitative data were drawn from secondary datasets and qualitative data were obtained from in-depth interviews with migrants, housing providers, and intermediaries. This study adapts urban informality theory by adjoining it with the concepts of migrant enclaves, social capital, and survival strategies. Urban informality describes informal settlements in the Global South that arise due to suspended sovereignty, where the state allows settlements to form to facilitate rapid urbanisation at minimal institutional cost. Urban informality occurs in the Bronx differently than in the Global South: migrants do not construct housing but rather obtain units on the formal market that they then sublet on their own informal market. Complicit actors, including profit-seeking providers and indifferent public authorities, allow this informal market to form. The findings show that, surprisingly, legal status is not an organizing framework in the housing market. Rather, the strength of one's social ties to the Ghanaian migrant community strongly determines how housing is accessed. For instance, undocumented migrants report better housing outcomes (lower rents and higher satisfaction) compared to their documented counterparts because they have more robust connections to other migrants. The only migrant group that can overcome weak social network ties and still readily access affordable housing are unmarried female Ghanaian migrants, as they are desired as household labourers and potential spouses. This research further finds that documented and undocumented migrants are similar in one important respect, they resist support from public institutions: housing courts, social service agencies, and elected representatives. This stems from pervasive myths and misinformation regarding government: migrants tend to believe that public authorities seek to deport them or otherwise prohibit their families from immigrating to the U.S., and that they only truly serve Hispanics, who are in the majority in the Bronx. This results in avoidable impoverishment, particularly among documented migrants who decline to seek public benefits to which they are legally qualified and entitled. This study contributes to knowledge with its empirical findings, methodology, and theoretical developments. The findings deepen our understanding of poor migrant communities residing in the Global North, and the implications of legal status for housing access. The methodology provides a novel approach for uncovering and examining allocation processes in hidden markets. The adapted urban informality model gives new theoretical insights into the relationship between formality and informality, which has further applications in housing studies and urban economics.
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Gupte, Jaideep. "Linking urban civil violence, extralegality and informality : credibility and policing in south-central Mumbai, India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543675.
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Ehebrecht, Daniel. "Urbane Mobilität und Informalität in Subsahara-Afrika – Eine Studie zur Marktintegration der Motorrad-Taxis in Dar es Salaam." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22183.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Im Kontext der rasanten Stadt- und Verkehrsentwicklung in Subsahara-Afrika haben Motorrad-Taxis in den vergangenen Jahren einen starken Bedeutungsgewinn erfahren. Diese sorgen für die Erreichbarkeit randstädtischer Siedlungsgebiete und erfüllen auch in innerstädtischen Gebieten wichtige Funktionen. Bisherige Studien haben vor allem Aspekte der Verkehrsunsicherheit sowie quantitative Angebotsmerkmale und Nutzerbewertungen der Dienstleistung herausgearbeitet. Auch um die Potenziale für eine Reduzierung ihrer Negativeffekte und für ihre stärkere verkehrsplanerische Einbettung abschätzen zu können, bedarf es darüber hinaus eines besseren Verständnisses ihrer Steuerungsmechanismen. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht die vorliegende Studie die Organisation und Regulierung der Motorrad-Taxis am Beispiel der tansanischen Metropole Dar es Salaam. Die Empirie stützt sich auf ein methodisch qualitatives Vorgehen, das sich am Forschungsstil der Grounded Theory und den Argumenten des Southern Urbanism orientiert. Die Analyse und Einordnung der Ergebnisse basiert auf verschiedenen theoretischen Perspektiven der Steuerung sowie auf Konzepten der soziologischen Praxistheorien. Die Arbeit zeigt, welchen Einfluss der lokale Kontext auf das Entstehen der Motorrad-Taxi-Dienstleistung hat und welche Governance-Mechanismen ihre kontinuierliche Integration in den lokalen Markt der Mobilitätsdienstleistungen ermöglichen. Dabei deckt die Studie das enge Zusammenspiel und die Bedeutung von Selbstregulierung, staatlicher Regulierung sowie Konflikten und Kooperation zwischen den beteiligten Stakeholdern auf. Damit trägt die Studie zur Überwindung einer oft unterstellten Dichotomie von ‚informellen‘ und ‚formellen‘ gesellschaftlichen Relationen bei. Darauf aufbauend liefert die Studie außerdem einen empirischen Beitrag zu aktuellen theoretischen Debatten um das Verhältnis von Strukturzwängen in den Städten Subsahara-Afrikas einerseits und den Handlungsmöglichkeiten sozialer Akteure andererseits.In the context of rapid urbanisation and transport development in Sub-Saharan-Africa motorcycle-taxis have become an important mobility option in recent years. They increase accessibility in peri-urban settlements and provide crucial functions in inner urban areas. Previous studies have contributed to a better understanding of road safety issues and have investigated quantitative service characteristics and user perceptions. However, in order to reduce negative effects and to evaluate the potentials for their consideration in urban transport planning, it is fundamental to also understand the governance of motorcycle-taxis. Against this background, this study investigates the organisation and mode of regulation of motorcycle-taxis in the Tanzanian metropolis of Dar es Salaam. The study is based on a qualitative research design and follows a Grounded Theory approach and the arguments of Southern Urbanism. The analysis of the empirical results is informed by different governance perspectives and concepts from the field of sociological practice theory. The study shows how the emergence of motorcycle-taxis in Dar es Salaam is shaped by the local context and how particular governance mechanisms continuously enable their integration into the local market of mobility services. In that regard the study unveils how self-regulation, state regulation as well as conflicts and cooperation between stakeholders interrelate and what role they play. In that way the study contributes to overcoming the often-assumed dichotomy between ‘informal’ and ‘formal’ social relations. Moreover, based on a social-theoretical analysis the study contributes to current urban theory debates on the relation between the constraints of social structures in the cities in Sub-Saharan Africa on the one hand and the agency of social actors on the other hand.
Книги з теми "Informalità urbana"
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Soliman, Ahmed M. Urban Informality. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9.
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University of California, Berkeley. Center for Environmental Design Research and International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments, eds. Urban informality. Berkeley, CA: IASTE, 2018.
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Tranberg, Hansen Karen, and Vaa Mariken, eds. Reconsidering informality: Perspectives from urban Africa. Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet, 2004.
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Moyo, Inocent, and Trynos Gumbo. Urban Informality in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65485-6.
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Frische, Johannes. Urbane Ungleichheit, Informalität und Prekarität in Tunesien. Berlin: Frank & Timme GmbH, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57088/978-3-7329-9152-5.
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Fransen, Jan, Juliet Akola, Samson Kassahun, and Meine Pieter van Dijk. Formalization and informalization processes in urban Ethiopia: Incorporating informality. Maastricht: Shaker Pub., 2010.
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Soliman, Ahmed Mounir, and Ahmed Soliman. A possible way out: Formalizing housing informality in Egyptian cities. Lanham, Md: University Press of America, 2004.
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The politics of slums in the global south: Urban informality in Brazil, India, South Africa and Peru. New York: Routledge, 2016.
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Lehmann, Steffen, Alessandro Melis, and Antonino Di Raimo. Informality Through Sustainability: Urban Informality Now. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Informalità urbana"
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Roy, Ananya. "Urban Informality." In Readings in Planning Theory, 524–39. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119084679.ch26.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Pockets of Urban Informality in Lebanon." In Urban Informality, 295–331. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_9.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Social Exclusivity Versus Inclusivity, Marginality, and Urban Informality." In Urban Informality, 223–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_7.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "A Credible Future." In Urban Informality, 373–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_11.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Governance and Sustainability Transitions in Urban Informality." In Urban Informality, 51–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_2.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Urbanization and Urban Informality in the Era of Globalization." In Urban Informality, 85–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_3.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Hills of Urban Informality in Greater Amman, Jordan." In Urban Informality, 333–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_10.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "Land Rights, Governance, and Urban Informality." In Urban Informality, 189–221. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_6.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "State Power, Society, Economy, and Urban Informality." In Urban Informality, 157–88. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_5.
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Soliman, Ahmed M. "The Paradigm of Urban Informality: Laws, Norms, and Practices." In Urban Informality, 121–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68988-9_4.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Informalità urbana"
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Castellanos Puentes, Juan Carlos. "Bosa entre la formalidad y la informalidad: una apuesta por la construcción social de un territorio sustentable." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bosa, ubicada en el suroccidente de Bogotá, tiene alrededor de 700.000 habitantes, es uno de los territorios de
mayor desarrollo urbano reciente en Colombia; en la primera década del siglo XXI incrementó su población un
50%, producto de procesos contradictorios entre la formalidad y la informalidad; es el único sector conurbado en
Bogotá. El presente artículo refiere la historia del proceso urbanístico de este territorio a partir de los setenta,
más que la morfología urbana, la atención se centra en el diseño y la gestión urbana especialmente en el papel
de los agentes urbanos para transformar condiciones adversas, producto del desarrollo informal a través de la
autogestión y la participación ciudadana acompañada de entidades gubernamentales que han priorizado el
desarrollo de proyectos de vivienda de la ciudad en la localidad, atrayendo a promotores inmobiliarios privados
generando incremento del precio del suelo y una de las mayores tasas de densificación. Bosa, located in the southwest of Bogota, has around 700,000 inhabitants, is one of the areas most recent urban
development in Colombia, in the first decade of the century the population increased by 50% due to
contradictory processes between formality and informality; is the only sector in Bogotá with conurbation. This
article relates the history of urban planning process of this territory from the seventies, but the urban
morphology, the focus is on design and urban management especially in the role of urban actors to transform
adverse conditions, product informal development through self-management and citizen participation
accompanied by government entities that have prioritized the development of housing projects of the city in the
town, attracting private developers to generate increase in land prices and one of the highest rates of
densification.
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Carvalho, André de Souza. "Curitiba: metrópole modelo ou urbe segregada? A questão habitacional e a apartação social em uma metrópole no Sul do Brasil." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Referência no planejamento urbano brasileiro, Curitiba também se destaca no Brasil com bons índices
econômicos e de qualidade de vida. Todavia, os diferenciais urbanos das regiões centrais da cidade
contrastam com uma periferia marcada pelo baixo rendimento e informalidade habitacional. Regiões
apartadas da cidade considerada “modelo” abrigam centenas de assentamentos precários e quase a
totalidade da habitação de interesse social. A segregação socioespacial em Curitiba se revela
especialmente na distância física e social entre as regiões que concentra alta renda àquelas de menores
rendimentos. Historicamente, desde as primeiras políticas habitacionais da cidade, a população pobre foi
deslocada para conjuntos habitacionais populares às margens da urbe. Mesmo após discussões e avanços
legais relacionados à questão urbana e habitacional brasileira e o lançamento de um ousado programa
federal habitacional em 2009, verifica-se que a prática de localizar os mais pobres nas piores e mais
distantes áreas permanece, reforçando a segregação urbana. Reference in the Brazilian urban planning , Curitiba also stands out with good economic rates and quality of
life . However, urban differentials of the central regions of the city contrast with a periphery marked by
informality and low-income housing. Regions set apart the city considered "model " concentrate hundreds of
slums and almost all of social housing. The socio-spatial segregation in Curitiba is revealed especially in the
physical and social distance between regions that concentrates high income to those with lower incomes.
Historically, since the first housing policies of the city, the poor population was displaced to reside the
borders of the metropolis. Even after discussions and legal developments related to Brazilian urban and
housing issues and launching a federal housing program in 2009, it is verified that the practice of locating the
poorest in the worst and most remote areas remains, reinforcing the urban segregation.
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Bolívar Vallejo, Huáscar. "Informalidad urbanística: madre e hija de la vulnerabilidad física." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Maestría en Planeación Urbana y Regional. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana de Bogotá, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El vertiginoso proceso de urbanización en América Latina ha engendrado un preocupante denominador
común: la “vulnerabilidad física”, convertida en una particularidad de los asentamientos informales en
permanente propensión a los riesgos de desastre, que la ineficiente y lenta planificación del suelo,
contrastada con la vertiginosidad de este fenómeno urbano creciente, se ha encargado de regenerar a
través de la espontánea relación socio-territorial en la dimensión espacio-tiempo. Así, proponemos que esas
deficiencias en los instrumentos y en la planificación urbana tienen el potencial de derivar en una amenaza
socio-natural llamada “informalidad urbanística”, aquella que a su vez tiene la capacidad de producir,
incrementar y transformar cualitativamente la “vulnerabilidad física”; más allá aún, de generar una dinámica
cíclica de retroalimentación creciente entre la propia “informalidad” y la “vulnerabilidad” en el tiempo, con
consecuencias riesgosas para las ciudades. The vertiginous urbanization process in Latin-America gave rise to a worrying common denominator:
“physical vulnerability”, that became a specific trait of informal settlements permanently prone to risks of
disaster that through inefficient and slow land planning, opposed to the dizziness of this growing urban
phenomenon, succeeds in regenerating into a spontaneous social-territorial relation within a space-time
dimension. We therefore state that the above-mentioned deficiencies as to the instruments and as to urban
planning threaten with a social-natural “town-planning informality”, a feature that at the same time is capable
of producing, increasing and qualitatively transforming the “physical vulnerability”; and moreover, is able to
generate a growing cyclical feedback dynamics between the “informality” itself and “vulnerability” with the
passing of time thereby causing risky consequences in the cities.
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Spera, Giovanna Vittoria, Juan Manuel Pariño, Clara Inés Duque, and Juliana Bodhert. "Estación Villa, distrito de la inclusión en Medellín: encendiendo luces." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Este artículo resume el producto de un taller académico en el que se reflexiona sobre el sector Estación Villa, el cual hace parte del centro tradicional de Medellín y se cuestiona sobre, ¿cómo abordar un territorio, con una zona, que ha quedado excluida por cuenta de las intervenciones desarrolladas en sus bordes y ha propiciado en su interior, mezcla de diferentes grupos poblacionales y actividades, en las que, la ilegalidad e informalidad lo han llevado a la exclusión urbana y social del resto de la ciudad.
Se propone una intervención que interprete las dinámicas sociales y la ocupación del territorio, que tendrá como punto de partida, la inclusión social y la articulación urbana. Dicha intervención, propone estrategias innovadoras que le apuestan a una regeneración urbana, que construya tejido social y articule a Estación Villa con el resto de la ciudad. This article summarizes the product of an academic workshop in which we reflect on the Estación Villa sector, which is part of the Medellin traditional downtown and questions about how to tackle a territory, an area which has been excluded on account of interventions developed at its edges and has led inside, mixing different population groups and activities, which, illegality and informality have led to urban and social exclusion of the rest of the city.
An intervention to interpret the social dynamics and the occupation of territory, taking as a starting point, social inclusion and urban articulation is proposed. This intervention proposes innovative strategies betting on urban regeneration build social fabric and articulates Station Villa with the rest of the city.
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Pathirana, H. P. W. P., and J. Munasinghe. "INFORMALITY IN FORMAL SPACES THROUGH SELF ORGANIZATION: A STUDY OF THE PEOPLE’S PROCESSES IN PUTTALAM TOWN IN SRI LANKA." In Beyond sustainability reflections across spaces. Faculty of Architecture Research Unit, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31705/faru.2021.10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Informality is an inevitable ingredient in an urban environment. The ‘formally’ established urban built environments are informally shaped by people for the appropriation of spaces for their activities. Within dominant institutionalized urban planning processes, such informalities are often regarded as ‘nuisances’, ‘out-of-place’, and ‘misfits’ in urban spaces. Yet, informally organized spaces are as important as formal spaces for the vitality, equity, and sustainability of all types of urban environments. People's processes in the creation and operation of informal spaces, resisting, contesting, and negotiating the dominant formal networks, have been the subject of many scholarly works over the last few decades, but a lack of empirical work and informative case studies on the subject has distanced mainstream planners and urban designers from learning and integrating such informal space production into institutionalized urban development processes. In order to mend this gap and reorient the prevalent understanding among planning professionals, a people’s endeavor in Puttalam town in Sri Lanka to form and sustain informal spaces is presented in this paper. The paper elaborates on the ‘self-organizing’ behaviour of the small-scale retail vendors and the day-to-day users of the city to withstand interventions by the authorities on the public market space of the town.
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Wang, Bolun. "Street Invading, Forbidding or Instructing: A Case Study of the University Avenue in Shanghai, China." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper engages in a dialectical analysis of street invading, a common phenomenon in China. Taking a specific case in Shanghai, the article tries to figure out the phenomenon’s social appearance and understand the essence behind it. Basing on the conceptual framework of “informal,” it is easy to find the essence of the phenomenon is informality. From the mechanism of the generation of informality, the paper then analyzes the intrinsic logic behind the street invading through top-down and bottom-up aspects, pointing out that this phenomenon should be understood as a new urban culture. Hence, despite this phenomenon has plenty of deficiencies, we ought not to forbid it all the time (like what the local Chinese government did before). Instead, the article suggests that instructing it in a proper way weighs more important and then introduces the specific measures taken by the local government in this case from both the top-down and bottom-up perspectives. Finally, the paper draws to a conclusion that in face of the street invading, instructing is more important than forbidding and summaries three strategies in how to deal with the similar cases.
7
Gironi, Roberta. "The Diagonal City: crossing the social divisions." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6266.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Roberta Gironi Departamento de Proyectos Arquitectónicos, UPV. Camino de Vera, s/n. 46022 Valencia Joint Doctorate Dipartimento di Architettura – Teorie e Progetto. “Sapienza” Università degli Studi di Roma. Via Gramsci, 53. 00100 Roma E-mail: roberta.gironi@gmail.com Keywords (3-5): Informal processes, dynamic transformation, new planning approach, flexible space, self-organization Conference topics and scale: Reading and regenerating the informal city Contemporary cities are affected by transformations that put in discussion the claim of control and stability to which the urban project aspires. All those gradual adjustments are manifested according to the demand, bring toward a less formal and more flexible spatial order, for which the traditional forms of the "static" city become the background of the "kinetic" landscape of informal cities. On the contrary of the formal processes of urban planning, informality process is configured as an organic development model and a flexible dynamic system opened to changes. The informal space is produced according to principles of spontaneity and self-organization. A consideration on the possibility to assume different approaches can be proposed. Those approaches should integrate in the design reasoning all the dynamics usually excluded by the discourse on the urban project, which processes can become catalysts to enrich the methods of planning and design of the urban space. Through the analysis of the case-study Previ Lima and the Living Room at the Border of St. Ysidro, the aim is to delineate in which way the contemporary architecture can absorb and metabolize these processes, triggering a different approach to a different method to intervene in the spaces of relationship among formal and informal. It is believed that the informal urban qualities cannot be eliminated and is impossible to ignore the inhabitants' practices, but rather to work on the intersection between collective and individual actions. References Brillembourg A., Feireiss K., Klumpner H. (2005), Informal City (Prestel Publishing, Munich) Cruz T. (2008), "De la frontière globale au quartier de frontière: pratiques d'empiètement", Multitudes, 31(1). Davis M. (2006), Planet of Slums (Verso, London). Hernandez F., Kellett P., Allen L.K. (2010), Rethinking the informal city: critical perspectives from Latin America (Berghahn books, New York, Oxford). McFarlane C., Waibel M., (2012), Urban Informalities: Reflections on the Formal and Informal (Ashgate, Farnham). Jacobs J. (1961), The death and life of great American cities(Random House, New York- Toronto). Roy A., Alsayyad N., (2004) Urban Informality: Transnational Perspectives from the Middle East, Latin America, and South Asia (Lexington Books, Lanham)
8
Whelan, Debbie. "Light Touch on the land – continued conversations about architectural change, informality and sustainability." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Including ‘informally constructed’ buildings in the cornucopia of ‘vernacular’ has its opponents. They are not visually compelling, strongly represent the ‘other’, and their unpopularity derives from worldviews that prioritise ‘architecture’ as modernity rather than, perhaps, ‘buildings’ as humanity. However, it is argued that informal settlements are not only the kernel of new cities (using modern materials), but are inevitable and sanitized by health legislation, with slum ‘clearing’ having different potentials, to ‘slum building’. Considering informal settlements in Pietermaritzburg, South Africa in the early 1920s, and subsequent slum clearances due to post-War health legislation, tracking their continued negative, (and ambivalent connotations at the end of apartheid), and most extensive manifestations in current times, this paper considers informal settlements as recyclers of matter, distinct representations of cultural change (from the rural to the urban) and vectors of opportunity (driven by early health legislations). For the a global north which assumes culturally static societies, advocates for carbon-neutral construction, and renewable construction materials and recycling, there is possibly much we can learn from informal settlements, addressing complex and diverse world views, recycling, political organization and spatial planning. Also, viewed from the lofty perspective of the global north, such vernaculars are viewed derisively, are the focus of multiple, globally-crafted sustainable development goals, and are considered as ‘problems’ rather than, ‘solutions’. Thus, migratory trajectories, social and cultural change, and the continued use of existing and found materials is real for many millions of people globally. These constantly negotiated territories provide compelling ground for re-assessment, reflection and repositioning, interpretation of the vernacular.
9
Gomez Lopez, Claudia, Rosa Lina Cuozzo, and Paula Boldrini. "Impactos de las políticas públicas de hábitat en la construcción del espacio urbano: el caso del Área Metropolitana de Tucumán, Argentina." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En América Latina, la implantación del neoliberalismo como sistema económico ha llevado a un
modelo de desarrollo con elevada heterogeneidad y desigualdad socioeconómica. De la mano
de grandes cambios sociales y demográficos, las áreas urbanas experimentaron un acelerado
desarrollo, crecimiento económico desigual en la distribución del ingreso, el aumento del
desempleo y altos niveles de informalidad urbana.
Enmarcado en esta realidad la producción del espacio urbano, se llevó adelante a través de la
gestión de tres actores sociales: 1.el mercado inmobiliario; 2. el Estado nacional y 3. los
asentamientos informales.
De ellos, el estado cumple un rol fundamental en la construcción de la ciudad encauzando o
restringiendo el desarrollo de ciertos espacios ya sea a través de la acción (implementación de
políticas públicas, normativas, etc.) o de la omisión.
En un contexto en el que persiste la ausencia de planificación, la carencia de un marco que
defina el modo de ocupación del territorio, impone la lógica del mercado inmobiliario como
criterio urbanístico principal, incluso para las actuaciones de promoción pública de vivienda.
Ello impacta de modo negativo en la ciudad en la medida que favorece la especulación en
manos del sector privado, produce segregación residencial y desigualdad en el acceso al suelo
puesto que amplios sectores quedan fuera del mercado formal. Lo cual se tradujo en la
conformación de áreas diferenciadas dentro de la ciudad agudizando la separación entre
sectores sociales.
A partir del 2003, en Argentina en virtud al crecimiento económico que se produce con
posterioridad a la crisis 2001-2002, el Estado Nacional retomó los planes de vivienda a fin de
dar solución al problema habitacional haciendo hincapié en programas de relocalización,
radicación y regularización dominial de villas y asentamientos informales, articulando con
trabajo cooperativo que implicaba la intervención una medida conjunta con el problema de
desocupación.
A las existentes políticas habitaciones de construcción de viviendas ejecutadas por los
Institutos Provinciales de Vivienda (IPV), se sumaron un conjunto de políticas sociales que
articulan programas de diversos órdenes, nacional, municipal, provincial y del IPV. (Argentina
Trabaja, Municipio+Cerca, PROMEVI, PROMEBA, etc) enlazando la problemática habitacional
a la social.
Sin embargo estas medidas no revierten el sentido dominante que poseen las políticas públicas
en materia de vivienda (del Río y Duarte, 2012) puesto que la construcción de viviendas sin sustento normativo ni planificación, o la consolidación y regularización de asentamientos
populares en áreas vulnerables, lejos de mitigar las desigualdades existentes, producen
efectos negativos en la ciudad.
En este contexto, este trabajo analiza las consecuencias de las nuevas políticas habitacionales
en el Área Metropolitana de Tucumán (AmeT), a casi 10 años de implementación de un
conjunto de medidas sociales específicas, en teoría tendientes a la equidistribución del acceso
al suelo urbano. In Latin America, the implementation of neoliberalism as an economic system has led to a
development model with high heterogeneity and socioeconomic inequality.
The adoption of policies of liberalization, deregulation and economic flexibility, along with the
withdrawal of the state of urban management, major changes occurred in the cities.
In the hands of great social and demographic change, urban areas experienced rapid
development, uneven economic growth in the distribution of income, rising unemployment and
high levels of urban informality.
Framed in this reality, the production of urban space, was carried out by the management of
three social actors: 1.The real estate market; 2 and 3 the national state informal settlements.
Of these, the state plays a key role in building the city damming or restricting the development
of certain areas either through action (implementation of public policies, regulations, etc.) or
omission.
Therefore, in a context in which the lack of planning continues, the lack of a framework defining
how land occupation imposes the logic of urban real estate market as the main criterion, even
for actions of public housing development.
This impacts negatively on the city to the extent that speculation favors the private sector,
produce residential segregation and inequality in access to land as large sections remain
outside the formal market. Which results in the formation of distinct areas within the city
exacerbating the gap between social sectors.
In Argentina, under the economic growth that occurs after the 2001-2002 crisis, the Federal
Government returned home plans to solve the housing problem but with a twist to the social, to
meet the needs of the most vulnerable sectors of society.
From being solely residential construction (turnkey system) executed by the Provincial Housing
Institutes (IPV), policies will be passed to a set of social policies that articulate programs of
various orders, domestic, municipal, provincial and IPV. (Argentina Works, Municipality + Close,
PROMEVI, PROMEBA Law Pierri implementation of regularization, etc.) that link to social
housing problems.
However, this has not had the expected results in relation to urban problems.
While the need for regional planning was promoted through the PET National and Provincial
(Regional Strategic Plan), all implemented programs were developed without proper management tools to define the criteria for the consolidation and development from the Federal
Government city and thus ended conspiring against it, as a stage of collective life. The lack of
training of local technicians, the use of these programs clientelitas purposes by local politicians
and rampant corruption, contributed to aggravating the observed trends.
This suggests that the construction of new housing or consolidation or regularization of squatter
settlements in vulnerable areas without legal justification and planning, far from mitigating the
inequalities, negative effects on the city.
Under this hypothesis, this paper analyzes the impact of new housing policies in the
Metropolitan Area of Tucumán (AMET), nearly 10 years of implementing a set of tending to the
equal distribution of access to urban land social measures.
It is concluded that the actions taken by the State produced an increase and consolidate the
processes of fragmentation and emerging socio-spatial segregation of Tucuman AMET.
10
Varini, Claudio. "MARGINALIDAD Y RESILIENCIA DE COMUNIDADES EN RIESGO. Visibilidad y desobediencia como supuestos de una vivienda digna para los desplazados en Colombia." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Bogotá: Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10104.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Colombia, the phenomenon of forced displacement from the territory of origin by ethnic minorities and inhabitants of rural areas is macroscopic; pressure by armed and economic actors, abandonment by institutional entities induces them to find refuge in no man's land. In the anonymity and informality of the extreme margins of large cities, this vulnerable population builds a primary refuge and seeks life opportunities on land without infrastructure or public services (DANE, 2015; UN_Habitat, 2016; UNHCR, 2019).
In these slums there are precarious health conditions, low temperatures associated with cold winds, which generate different pathologies in their occupants. The settlement typology, based on terraces and vertical slopes, constitutes a further factor of seismic vulnerability and due to mass removal.
The Tocaimita Oriental settlement (2900 m.a.s.l.) shows a complex reality of lucid awareness and determination, of community cohesion where the aims of having a “decent” home underlie the legalization of the settlements and their individual and group recognition.
Forced displacement is necessary and always painful (Hannigan, O'Donnell, & O'Keeffe, 2016). In the last three decades, 36.2% of the Colombian population has left their identity territory for the largest cities in the country; in Bogotá alone there are approximately 1,393,140 people who live in the extreme urban periphery, in full illegality (UNHCR, 2017). The sad dream of this form of freedom implies leaving threats behind and satisfying needs that the very fact of staying alive demands (Shedlin, Decena, & Noboa H. & Betancourt, 2014). This is an extreme exercise of self-determination that entails abandonment, escape from conditions of hunger, pain, fear, need (Türk, 2017) in the face of death threats and extreme poverty (Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, 2015); the need to exist, the possibility of being able to decide in a constrained framework implies the loss of the social support base (Bobada, 2010), social, physical and economic vulnerability.
Resettlement represents a new beginning with the expectation of finding housing, employment, health, education, public services (Braubach, 2011) however, the displaced, left to themselves, in turn abandon institutional rules; count on their own means and found extremely precarious illegal settlements waiting for institutional responses. Bogotá is chosen as a destination because it presents multidimensional poverty levels that are clearly lower than the rest of the country (DANE, 2017) and provides greater opportunities even in informality. En Colombia es macroscópico el fenómeno del desplazamiento forzoso del territorio de origen por parte de minorías étnicas y habitantes de áreas rurales; presiones por actores armados y económicos, abandono por las entidades institucionales los induce a encontrar refugio en tierras de nadie. En el anonimato y la informalidad de los márgenes extremos de grandes ciudades, esta población vulnerada construye un refugio primario y busca oportunidades de vida en terrenos sin infraestructuras ni servicios públicos (DANE, 2015; UN_Habitat, 2016; UNHCR, 2019).
En estos tugurios se viven precarias condiciones de salud, bajas temperaturas asociadas a vientos fríos, lo que genera diferentes patologías en sus ocupantes. La tipología de asentamiento, a partir de terrazas y taludes verticales, constituye un ulterior factor de vulnerabilidad sísmica y por remoción de masa.
El asentamiento de Tocaimita Oriental (2900 m.s.n.m.) muestra una realidad compleja de lúcida consciencia y determinación, de cohesión comunitaria donde los fines de tener una vivienda “digna” subyacen a la legalización de los asentamientos y su reconocimiento individual y grupal.
El desplazamiento forzoso es necesario y siempre doloroso (Hannigan, O’Donnell, & O’Keeffe, 2016). En las tres últimas décadas el 36.2% de la población colombiana ha abandonado su territorio identitario hacia las mayores ciudades del país; en la sola Bogotá son aproximadamente 1.393.140 las personas que viven en la extrema periferia urbana, en plena ilegalidad (UNHCR, 2017). El sueño triste de esta forma de libertad implica dejar a sus espaldas amenazas y satisfacer necesidades que demanda el mismo hecho de mantenerse vivos (Shedlin, Decena, & Noboa H. y Betancourt, 2014). Es este un ejercicio extremo de libre determinación que conlleva el abandono, el escape de condiciones de hambre, dolor, miedo, necesidad (Türk, 2017) frente a amenazas de muerte y pobreza extrema (Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica, 2015); la necesidad de existir, la posibilidad de poder decidir en un marco de constricción implica la pérdida de la base social de apoyo (Bobada, 2010), vulnerabilidad social, física y económica.
El reasentamiento representa un nuevo inicio con la expectativa de encontrar vivienda, empleo, salud, educación, servicios públicos (Braubach, 2011) sin embargo, los desplazados, abandonados a sí mismos, abandonan a su vez las reglas institucionales; contar en sus propios medios y fundan asentamientos ilegales extremadamente precarios esperando respuestas institucionales. Bogotá es elegida como destino por presentar niveles de pobreza multidimensional netamente inferiores al resto del país (DANE, 2017) y proporciona mayores oportunidades aun en la informalidad.
Звіти організацій з теми "Informalità urbana"
1
Costa, Pedro, and Pedro Costa. Artistic Urban Interventions, Informality and Public Sphere: Research Insights from Ephemeral Urban Appropriations on a Cultural District. DINÂMIA'CET-IUL, Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15847/dinamiacet-iul.wp.2016.05.
Повний текст джерела
2
Busso, Matías, Juan Pablo Chauvin, and Nicolás Herrera L. Rural-Urban Migration at High Urbanization Levels. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study assesses the empirical relevance of the Harris-Todaro model at high levels of urbanization a feature that characterizes an increasing number of developing countries, which were largely rural when the model was created 50 years ago. Using data from Brazil, the paper compares observed and model-based predictions of the equilibrium urban employment rate of 449 cities and the rural regions that are the historic sources of their migrant populations. Little support is found in the data for the most basic version of the model. However, extensions that incorporate labor informality and housing markets have much better empirical traction. Harris-Todaro equilibrium relationships are relatively stronger among workers with primary but no high school education, and those relationships are more frequently found under certain conditions: when cities are relatively larger; and when associated rural areas are closer to the magnet city and populated to a greater degree by young adults, who are most likely to migrate.
3
Kasper, Eric. Urban Neighbourhood Dynamics and the Worst Forms of Child Labour. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2021.007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the worst forms of child labour (WFCL) is not only an urban phenomenon, evidence suggests that WFCL emerges in cities in unique ways due to the complex structures and dynamics of urban systems. This report, therefore, develops a conceptual framework for WFCL in cities that integrates key understandings of urban systems and evidence about urban WFCL. This report reviews current literature on the complex systemic nature of cities – drawing on literature on the urban land nexus, urban complexity, informality, and inclusive urbanisation. It also reviews studies of child labour (focusing on the worst forms, where possible) in urban contexts. In this way, the report offers an innovative way of understanding the challenge of WFCL, and outlines the premises of a research agenda for responding to WFCL in cities. These contributions are made with the specific cities and neighbourhoods in mind where the CLARISSA programme is being implemented; however, they should be useful more generally.