Статті в журналах: "Interfacial deformation"

1

Stone, H. A., and L. G. Leal. "The effects of surfactants on drop deformation and breakup." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 220 (November 1990): 161–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112090003226.

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The effects of surface-active agents on drop deformation and breakup in extensional flows at low Reynolds numbers are described. In this free-boundary problem, determination of the interfacial velocity requires knowledge of the distribution of surfactant, which, in turn, requires knowledge of the interfacial velocity field. We account for this explicit coupling of the unknown drop shape and the evolving surfactant distribution. An analytical result valid for nearly spherical distortions is presented first. Finite drop deformation is studied numerically using the boundary-integral method in conjunction with the time-dependent convective–diffusion equation for surfactant transport. This procedure accurately follows interfacial tension variations, produced by non-uniform surfactant distribution, on the evolving interface. The numerical method allows for an arbitrary equation of state relating interfacial tension to the local concentration of surfactant, although calculations are presented only for the common linear equation of state. Also, only the case of insoluble surfactant is studied.The analytical and numerical results indicate that at low capillary numbers the presence of surfactant causes larger deformation than would occur for a drop with a constant interfacial tension equal to the initial equilibrium value. The increased deformation occurs owing to surfactant being swept to the end of the drop where it acts to locally lower the interfacial tension, which therefore requires increased deformation to satisfy the normal stress balance. However, at larger capillary numbers and finite deformations, this convective effect competes with ‘dilution’ of the surfactant due to interfacial area increases. These two different effects of surface-active material are illustrated and discussed and their influence on the critical capillary number for breakup is presented.

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2

Mangipudi, V. S., and M. Tirrell. "Contact-Mechanics-Based Studies of Adhesion between Polymers." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 71, no. 3 (July 1, 1998): 407–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538490.

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Abstract Contact mechanics deals with the deformation of solid bodies in contact. In recent years, significant advances have been made both in the theoretical and experimental areas of contact mechanics, especially in the area of soft solids, in relating the contact deformation to interfacial adhesion. On the theoretical front, new theories of contact mechanics have been developed to relate the interfacial force induced deformation to the thermodynamic work of adhesion both for elastic and viscoelastic solids. On the experimental front, several new techniques have been developed to measure the interfacial forces and the interfacial-force-induced deformations. These techniques have been used, with the aid of the theories of contact mechanics, to measure directly the surface and interfacial energies of a variety of polymers and other model surfaces. These experimental and theoretical developments have also been exploited to measure quantitatively the effect of interfacial chain diffusion on the adhesion of polymer interfaces. We summarize the recent developments in the theories of contact mechanics, and their applications in the design and interpretation of experimental measurement of molecular level adhesion between elastomers, glassy and viscoelastic polymers. We also review the experimental and theoretical developments related to the role of chain diffusion on interfacial adhesion. Finally, we identify some potential new applications of contact-mechanics-based techniques in such emerging area of adhesion science as molecular level studies of adhesion of viscoelastic materials and biomaterials.

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3

Pelipenko, Jan, Julijana Kristl, Romana Rošic, Saša Baumgartner, and Petra Kocbek. "Interfacial rheology: An overview of measuring techniques and its role in dispersions and electrospinning." Acta Pharmaceutica 62, no. 2 (June 1, 2012): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-012-0018-x.

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Interfacial rheology: An overview of measuring techniques and its role in dispersions and electrospinning Interfacial rheological properties have yet to be thoroughly explored. Only recently, methods have been introduced that provide sufficient sensitivity to reliably determine viscoelastic interfacial properties. In general, interfacial rheology describes the relationship between the deformation of an interface and the stresses exerted on it. Due to the variety in deformations of the interfacial layer (shear and expansions or compressions), the field of interfacial rheology is divided into the subcategories of shear and dilatational rheology. While shear rheology is primarily linked to the long-term stability of dispersions, dilatational rheology provides information regarding short-term stability. Interfacial rheological characteristics become relevant in systems with large interfacial areas, such as emulsions and foams, and in processes that lead to a large increase in the interfacial area, such as electrospinning of nanofibers.

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4

TAKADA, NAOKI, AKIO TOMIYAMA, and SHIGEO HOSOKAWA. "LATTICE BOLTZMANN SIMULATION OF INTERFACIAL DEFORMATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2003): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203017308.

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This study describes the numerical simulations of two-phase interfacial deformations using the binary fluid (BF) model in the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), where a macroscopic fluid involves mesoscopic particles repeating collisions and propagations and an interface is reproduced in a self-organizing way by repulsive interaction between different kinds of particles. Schemes for the BF model are proposed to simulate motions of immiscible two phases with different mass densities. For higher Reynolds number, the finite difference-based lattice Boltzmann scheme is applied to the kinetic equations of particles, which include convection terms to reduce the diffusivity of each phase volume. In addition, two parameters are introduced into the BF model to adjust surface tension and interfacial thickness independently. The numerical results of three-dimensional bubble motion under gravity and two-dimensional droplet deformation under shear stress indicate that the lattice-Boltzmann BF model with the proposed schemes would be applicable to simulating interfacial dynamics of immiscible two-phase fluids.

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5

Takahashi, Yasuo, and Michinobu Inoue. "Numerical Study of Wire Bonding—Analysis of Interfacial Deformation Between Wire and Pad." Journal of Electronic Packaging 124, no. 1 (March 13, 2001): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1413765.

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The purpose of the present study is to understand the interfacial deformation between pad and wire and the effect of the pad thickness, the pad hardness, and the tool shape on the interfacial deformation. The relationship between the bondability and the interfacial deformation (surface exposure to produce the clean surface) is summarized, because the bondability is largely affected by the interfacial deformation. A simple model of wire bonding is proposed for the numerical analysis. The model is based on the finite element method for rate sensitive materials and applicable to very large deformation processes. The numerical simulation made it possible to visualize the interfacial contacting process which occurs for several milli-seconds. It was suggested that the periphery bond is produced easily as the pad thickness decreases and the pad hardness increases. On the other hand, it was found that the thick pad and the groove tool can help the center bond formation. These results is explained by the distributions of the interfacial extension and the equivalent stress on the bonding interface. Also, the damage to the substrate (Si chip) is discussed, based on the numerical results.

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6

Samanta, Amit, and Weinan E. "Interfacial diffusion aided deformation during nanoindentation." AIP Advances 6, no. 7 (July 2016): 075002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4958299.

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7

Haruki, Sakamaki, Kumagai Ichiro, Oishi Yoshihiko, Tasaka Yuji, and Murai Yuichi. "1051 FLOWS AND INTERFACIAL DEFORMATION AROUND A HYDROFOIL BENEATH A FREE SURFACE." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2013.4 (2013): _1051–1_—_1051–6_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2013.4._1051-1_.

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8

WETZEL, ERIC D., and CHARLES L. TUCKER. "Droplet deformation in dispersions with unequal viscosities and zero interfacial tension." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 426 (January 10, 2001): 199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112000002275.

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An analytical model is presented for the deformation of an ellipsoidal Newtonian droplet, suspended in another Newtonian fluid with different viscosity and zero interfacial tension. The theory is exact for any linear velocity field, and is not limited to small deformations. It encompasses some well-known special cases, such as Jeffery's equation for solid axisymmetric particles and Taylor's small-deformation theory for droplets. Example calculations exhibit droplet stretching, reorientation, and tumbling, and provide a reasonable match to available experimental data on transient and steady droplet shapes. The corresponding rheological theory for dilute dispersions is also derived, in a form that explicitly includes the effects of microstructure on dispersion rheology.

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9

Lee, Doojin, and Amy Q. Shen. "Interfacial Tension Measurements in Microfluidic Quasi-Static Extensional Flows." Micromachines 12, no. 3 (March 6, 2021): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12030272.

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Droplet microfluidics provides a versatile tool for measuring interfacial tensions between two immiscible fluids owing to its abilities of fast response, enhanced throughput, portability and easy manipulations of fluid compositions, comparing to conventional techniques. Purely homogeneous extension in the microfluidic device is desirable to measure the interfacial tension because the flow field enables symmetric droplet deformation along the outflow direction. To do so, we designed a microfluidic device consisting of a droplet production region to first generate emulsion droplets at a flow-focusing area. The droplets are then trapped at a stagnation point in the cross junction area, subsequently being stretched along the outflow direction under the extensional flow. These droplets in the device are either confined or unconfined in the channel walls depending on the channel height, which yields different droplet deformations. To calculate the interfacial tension for confined and unconfined droplet cases, quasi-static 2D Darcy approximation model and quasi-static 3D small deformation model are used. For the confined droplet case under the extensional flow, an effective viscosity of the two immiscible fluids, accounting for the viscosity ratio of continuous and dispersed phases, captures the droplet deformation well. However, the 2D model is limited to the case where the droplet is confined in the channel walls and deforms two-dimensionally. For the unconfined droplet case, the 3D model provides more robust estimates than the 2D model. We demonstrate that both 2D and 3D models provide good interfacial tension measurements under quasi-static extensional flows in comparison with the conventional pendant drop method.

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10

Komvopoulos, K., and W. Yan. "Three-Dimensional Elastic-Plastic Fractal Analysis of Surface Adhesion in Microelectromechanical Systems." Journal of Tribology 120, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 808–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2833783.

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High adhesion is often encountered at contact interfaces of miniaturized devices, known as microelectromechanical systems, due to the development of capillary, electrostatic, and van der Waals attractive forces. In addition, deformation of contacting asperities on opposing surfaces produces a repulsive interfacial force. Permanent surface adhesion (referred to as stiction) occurs when the total interfacial force is attractive and exceeds the micromachine restoring force. In the present study, a three-dimensional fractal topography description is incorporated into an elastic-plastic contact mechanics analysis of asperity deformation. Simulation results revealing the contribution of capillary, electrostatic, van der Waals, and asperity deformation forces to the total interfacial force are presented for silicon/silicon and aluminum/aluminum material systems and different mean surface separation distances. Results demonstrate a pronounced effect of surface roughness on the micromachine critical stiffness required to overcome interfacial adhesion.

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11

Fu, Guo. "Coupling Analysis of Slip and Deformation of Steel Reinforced Concrete Beams." Advanced Materials Research 255-260 (May 2011): 1275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.255-260.1275.

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Analysis of steel surface interfacial bond stress-relative slip constitutive relationship in simply supported steel reinforced concrete (SRC) beams tensile region and compressive zone, a simplified calculation model is presented. The interface slip and the effect of the slip on the deformation of steel reinforced concrete beam under uniformly distributed loads are studied. Using elastic deformation theory, a set of analytical expressions for interfacial slip and deformation of simply supported SRC beams are obtained. These expressions can not only describe the interface slip distribution, but also account for its effect on the deformation. The present theoretical analysis bench-mark finite element analysis of load bearing capacity and deformation of SRC beams.

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12

Ding, Jun, Sheng-Lai Zhang, Quan Tong, Lu-Sheng Wang, Xia Huang, Kun Song, and Shi-Qing Lu. "The Effects of Grain Boundary Misorientation on the Mechanical Properties and Mechanism of Plastic Deformation of Ni/Ni3Al: A Molecular Dynamics Study." Materials 13, no. 24 (December 15, 2020): 5715. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13245715.

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The effects of grain boundary misorientation angle (θ) on mechanical properties and the mechanism of plastic deformation of the Ni/Ni3Al interface under tensile loading were investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that the space lattice arrangement at the interface is dependent on grain boundary misorientations, while the interfacial energy is dependent on the arrangement. The interfacial energy varies in a W pattern as the grain boundary misorientation increases from 0° to 90°. Specifically, the interfacial energy first decreases and then increases in both segments of 0–60° and 60–90°. The yield strength, elastic modulus, and mean flow stress decrease as the interfacial energy increases. The mechanism of plastic deformation varies as the grain boundary misorientation angle (θ) increases from 0° to 90°. When θ = 0°, the microscopic plastic deformation mechanisms of the Ni and Ni3Al layers are both dominated by stacking faults induced by Shockley dislocations. When θ = 30°, 60°, and 80°, the mechanisms of plastic deformation of the Ni and Ni3Al layers are the decomposition of stacking faults into twin grain boundaries caused by extended dislocations and the proliferation of stacking faults, respectively. When θ = 90°, the mechanisms of plastic deformation of both the Ni and Ni3Al layers are dominated by twinning area growth resulting from extended dislocations.

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13

Msolli, Sabeur. "Shear Instability and Localization in High-Speed Cold Spray Processes: Impact on Particle Fragmentation and Bonding Mechanisms." Materials 18, no. 3 (January 22, 2025): 490. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030490.

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This study investigates the deformation behavior and interfacial phenomena occurring during the high-velocity impact of a copper particle into a copper substrate under various conditions using FEM. It also offers an enhanced physics-based model based on discrete dislocation dynamics simulations to depict newly observed features such as interfacial instabilities and shear localization leading to bonding and particle fragmentation. To investigate bonding mechanisms at the particle–substrate interface, additional simulations using a one-element-thickness model are conducted. These simulations focus on the deformation behavior at the interface, revealing wavy shape formation in the substrate due to disparities in strain-rate levels. Material instabilities, localized at the intersection of plane and release waves, progress hand-in-hand during the early stages of impact, suggesting shear behavior as a precursor to instabilities. The effect of shear viscosity on particle deformation and interfacial behavior is also examined, showing that increased viscosity leads to thermal material softening and enhanced deformation. Material jetting and interfacial instability are observed, particularly at higher viscosity thresholds. Additionally, the impact of drag coefficient variations on particle deformation is explored, indicating a critical role in interfacial stability and particle flattening. Finally, the occurrence of adiabatic shear instability and localization is investigated, revealing shear localization regions at the particle–substrate interface and within the particle itself responsible for particle fragmentation. To this aim, damage initiation and evolution laws are applied to identify regions of shear localization, crucial for particle–substrate bonding and mechanical interlocking. The impact velocity is shown to influence shear localization, with higher velocities resulting in increased deformation and larger localization regions.

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14

Wei, Yanni, Shuyuan Zhang, Lei Jia, Quanning Li, and Mengfan Ma. "Study on the Influence of Surface Roughness and Temperature on the Interface Void Closure and Microstructure Evolution of Stainless Steel Diffusion Bonding Joints." Metals 14, no. 7 (July 12, 2024): 812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met14070812.

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Austenitic stainless steel diffusion bonding was performed, and the effects of the surface roughness and bonding temperature on the interface microstructure and mechanism of hole closure were investigated. The bonded interface microstructure was analyzed. The influence of surface roughness and temperature on cavity evolution, bonding rate, and axial deformation rate was studied. The mechanism of interfacial void closure in the stainless steel diffusion bonding process was revealed. With the increase in temperature and the decrease in surface roughness, the size of the interface void and the bonded area decreased. The bonding rate can reach more than 95% when the surface roughness value is 0.045 μm and the temperature is at or higher than 750 °C. The analytical equations of interfacial bonding rate δ and axial deformation rate ε produced by the deformation mechanism were established, and the laws of the deformation mechanism and diffusion mechanism within interfacial hole closure were obtained.

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15

Wang, Yilei, Can Weng, Huijie Sun, Zijian Deng, and Bingyan Jiang. "Effect of Interfacial Interaction on the Demolding Deformation of Injection Molded Microfluidic Chips." Nanomaterials 12, no. 19 (September 29, 2022): 3416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12193416.

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During the demolding process, the interfacial interaction between the polymer and the metal mold insert will lead to the deformation of the micro-structure, which will directly affect the molding quality and performance of injection molded microfluidic chips. In this study, the demolding quality of micro-channels and micro-mixing structures of polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), cyclic olefin copolymer (COC), and polystyrene (PS) microfluidic chips for heavy metal detection were investigated by molding experiments. The experimental results showed that the structures of microfluidic chips could be completely replicated. However, tensile deformation and fracture defects were observed at the edges of the micro-structures after demolding. Compared to the Ni mold insert, the calculation of the relative deviation percentages showed that the width of the micro-channel became larger and the depth became smaller, while the dimensions of the micro-mixing structure changes in the opposite direction. Subsequently, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation model of polymer/nickel (Ni) mold insert for injection molding was established. The changes of adhesion work, demolding resistance and potential energy during demolding were analyzed. The simulation results showed that the polymer structures had some deformations such as necking, molecular chain stretching and voids under the action of adhesion work and demolding resistance. The difference in the contact area with the mold insert directly brought different interfacial interactions. In addition, the potential energy change of the polymer system could be used to quantitatively characterize the demolding deformation of the structure. Overall, the MD method is able to effectively explain the internal mechanisms of interfacial interactions, leading to the demolding deformation of polymer structures from the molecular/atomic scale.

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16

Shenoy, V. B., R. Miller, E. B. Tadmor, R. Phillips, and M. Ortiz. "Quasicontinuum Models of Interfacial Structure and Deformation." Physical Review Letters 80, no. 4 (January 26, 1998): 742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.80.742.

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17

Montano, Vincenzo, Michele Senardi, Sybrand van der Zwaag, and Santiago J. Garcia. "Linking interfacial work of deformation from deconvoluted macro-rheological spectrum to early stage healing in selected polyurethanes." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 38 (2020): 21750–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03776a.

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18

POZRIKIDIS, C. "Effect of membrane bending stiffness on the deformation of capsules in simple shear flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 440 (August 10, 2001): 269–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001004657.

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The effect of interfacial bending stiffness on the deformation of liquid capsules enclosed by elastic membranes is discussed and investigated by numerical simulation. Flow-induced deformation causes the development of in-plane elastic tensions and bending moments accompanied by transverse shear tensions due to the non-infinitesimal membrane thickness or to a preferred configuration of an interfacial molecular network. To facilitate the implementation of the interfacial force and torque balance equations involving the hydrodynamic traction exerted on either side of the interface and the interfacial tensions and bending moments developing in the plane of the interface, a formulation in global Cartesian coordinates is developed. The balance equations involve the Cartesian curvature tensor defined in terms of the gradient of the normal vector extended off the plane of the interface in an appropriate fashion. The elastic tensions are related to the surface deformation gradient by constitutive equations derived by previous authors, and the bending moments for membranes whose unstressed shape has uniform curvature, including the sphere and a planar sheet, arise from a constitutive equation that involves the instantaneous Cartesian curvature tensor and the curvature of the resting configuration. A numerical procedure is developed for computing the capsule deformation in Stokes flow based on standard boundary-element methods. Results for spherical and biconcave resting shapes resembling red blood cells illustrate the effect of the bending modulus on the transient and asymptotic capsule deformation and on the membrane tank-treading motion.

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19

Perepezko, John H., and Rainer J. Hebert. "Alloying reactions in nanostructured multilayers during intense deformation." International Journal of Materials Research 94, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 1111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijmr-2003-0202.

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Abstract Under intense deformation of metallic multilayer samples, a nanometer-scale layer thickness and grain size develops during repeated cold-rolling. Along with the evolution of the highly refined microstructure, a nanoscale interfacial alloying occurs that can result in an amorphization reaction. The deformation of multilayers exhibits driven system behavior during alloying. As the length scale of the layer thickness converges to the length scale of the mixing zone during rolling, amorphization develops in appreciable volumes. The results from selected experiments demonstrate that the relative specific interfacial area is the key microstructural metric to describe the deformation-driven alloying.

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20

Pyrz, Ryszard, and Bogdan Bochenek. "Atomic/Continuum Transition at Interfaces of Nanocomposite Materials." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 657–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.657.

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A number of micromechanical investigations have been performed to predict behaviour of composite interfaces, showing that the detailed behaviour of the material at these interfaces frequently dominates the behaviour of the composite as a whole. The interfacial interaction is an extremely complex process due to continuous evolution of interfacial zones during deformation and this is particularly true for carbon nanotubes since the interfacial interaction is confined to the discrete molecular level. The atomic strain concept based upon Voronoi tessellation allows analysing the molecular structure atom by atom, which may give a unique insight into deformation phenomena operative at molecular level such as interface behaviour in nanocomposites.

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21

Zou, Guang P., Pei X. Xia, Xin H. Shen, and Peng Wang. "Mechanical properties analysis of steel– concrete–steel composite beam." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 19, no. 5 (December 24, 2015): 525–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636215622949.

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The interface slip will appear between the steel plates and concrete while the steel–concrete–steel composite beam under loading. It may influence the mechanical properties of the composite beam. In this paper, through theoretical analysis of the steel–concrete–steel composite beam, differential equation of interface slip is established at first. By simulating the real boundary, the formulas of interface slip are calculated under uniform and arbitrary concentrated load. Then, the axial force, the sectional curvature, and deformation of composite beams are obtained. In order to validate the reliability of the theoretical analysis, the deformation of 18 samples is calculated by using the deformation formulas of steel–concrete–steel composite beam. The results are in good agreement with the experimental consequences. Through an example, the mechanical properties of composite beams (axial force, sectional curvature, and deformation) are analyzed under interfacial slip. With the decreasing of interfacial slip, axial force of upper plate increases, and sectional curvature and deflection decrease. For lower steel plate, the interfacial slip has smaller effect.

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22

Zhou, Shidong, Xiaoxing Niu, Xiuli Zhang, and Yuanliang Zhao. "The effect of silica and copper nanoparticles in polyimide on the friction and wear of polyethersulfone/polyimide mixture." Polymers and Polymer Composites 30 (January 2022): 096739112211334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09673911221133438.

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The synergistic effect of silica (SiO2) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles in polyimide (PI) on the friction interfacial deformation of polyethersulfone/polyimide (PES/PI) blends was studied. Results indicate that the effect of SiO2 and Cu nanoparticles on the tribological performance of PES/PI nanocomposites is quite different from each other. The addition of SiO2 nanoparticles into PI improves the antifriction of PES/PI nanocomposites by 24.4%, but has little effect on the wear resistance. The incorporation of Cu nanoparticles into PI enhances the wear resistance of PES/PI nanocomposites by 55.5%, but has little effect on the antifriction. PES/PI nanocomposites achieve the better comprehensive tribological performance when the content of SiO2 and Cu is 0.8 wt and 0.2 wt%, respectively. The friction interfacial deformation analysis reveals that SiO2 in PI improve the continuity and uniformity of deformation in friction interface and reduce the severe wear of transfer film. Cu nanoparticles in PI improves the continuity but not the ununiformity of deformation. Thus, the abrasive wear of counterpart ball is severe. The synergistic effect of SiO2 and Cu nanoparticles in PI improves the continuity and uniformity of friction interfacial deformation, which contributes to the improvement of friction and wear of PES/PI nanocomposites.

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23

Aminu, Temitope Q., Molly C. Brockway, Jack L. Skinner, and David F. Bahr. "Well-Adhered Copper Nanocubes on Electrospun Polymeric Fibers." Nanomaterials 10, no. 10 (October 7, 2020): 1982. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10101982.

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Electrospun polymer fibers can be used as templates for the stabilization of metallic nanostructures, but metallic species and polymer macromolecules generally exhibit weak interfacial adhesion. We have investigated the adhesion of model copper nanocubes on chemically treated aligned electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers based on the introduction of interfacial shear strains through mechanical deformation. The composite structures were subjected to distinct macroscopic tensile strain levels of 7%, 11%, and 14%. The fibers exhibited peculiar deformation behaviors that underscored their disparate strain transfer mechanisms depending on fiber size; nanofibers exhibited multiple necking phenomena, while microfiber deformation proceeded through localized dilatation that resulted in craze (and microcrack) formation. The copper nanocubes exhibited strong adhesion on both fibrous structures at all strain levels tested. Raman spectroscopy suggests chemisorption as the main adhesion mechanism. The interfacial adhesion energy of Cu on these treated PAN nanofibers was estimated using the Gibbs–Wulff–Kaischew shape theory giving a first order approximation of about 1 J/m2. A lower bound for the system’s adhesion strength, based on limited measurements of interfacial separation between PAN and Cu using mechanically applied strain, is 0.48 J/m2.

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24

Liu, Zhanke, Yin L. Young, and Michael R. Motley. "Transient Response of Partially-Bonded Sandwich Plates Subject to Underwater Explosions." Shock and Vibration 17, no. 3 (2010): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/919304.

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This paper investigated the influence of interfacial bonding on the transient response of sandwich plates subject to underwater explosions. It was found that un-bonded sandwich plates receive lower impact energy, and are able to dissipate more energy through plastic deformation of the foam core, than perfectly bonded plates. Consequently, interfacial de-bonding leads to lower net energy transfer from the explosion to the target structure although it also increases the structural deformation due to stiffness reduction. Parametric studies showed that theadvantage(diminishing of net energy transfer) is more significant than thedisadvantage(magnification of the interface deflection). Thus, interfacial de-bonding through active/passive mechanisms may be beneficial for blast-resistant designs.

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25

Gubenko, S. I., E. V. Parusov, and I. A. Tiutieriev. "PECULIARITIES OF CRACK FORMATION IN HETEROPHASE INCLUSIONS OF THE “EUTECTICS OF INCLUSION − MATRIX” TYPE." Ukrainian Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 4 (022) (September 28, 2024): 26–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.300824.26.1071.

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Purpose. The goal of the work was to study the peculiarities of crack nucleation in heterophase inclusions of the “eutectic inclusion − matrix” type during steel deformation. Methods. The research was carried out after deformation of samples from steels 08Yu, 12GS, 08kp, 09G2S, NB-57, 08GSYUTF in the temperature range of 20…1 200 °C with the speed of movement of grips 1 680 mm/min. The research methods were used − petrography, micro-X-ray spectral analysis (Cameca MS-4, Nanolab-7), optical microscopy (Neophot-21). Results. It is established that the variety of phases that make up heterophase inclusions of the type “eutectic of inclusion − matrix” leads to their different behavior under conditions of plastic deformation. It is shown that the nucleation of brittle or viscous microcracks occurs along the internal interfacial boundaries between the metal matrix and the second phase of the eutectic. It is determined that the nature of cracks is determined by the level of plasticity of the inclusion phases and the deformation temperature. It is shown that the critical degrees of deformation of the samples, at the achievement of which there were noticeable microcracks along the internal interfacial boundaries, depend on the temperature and nature of the phases of inclusions “eutectic of inclusion − matrix”. It is established that the values of critical degrees of deformation determine the level of cohesive strength of the internal interfacial boundaries in heterophase inclusions “inclusion − matrix eutectic”. Scientific novelty. Peculiarities of microcracking nucleation in heterophase inclusions of the “inclusion − matrix eutectic” type have been established. It is shown that the nature of microcracks formed along the interfacial boundaries depends on the temperature, level of plasticity and conditions of combination of brittle and plastic phases in inclusions of the “eutectic of inclusion − matrix” type, as well as on the deformation temperature. It is shown that the critical degrees of deformation of steels, when microcracks occurred along the inner interfacial boundaries, determine the cohesive strength of these boundaries and depend on the temperature and nature of the phases of inclusions such as “inclusion − matrix eutectic”. Practical significance. The use of the results obtained will make it possible to develop technologies for producing steels with regulated types of heterophase nonmetallic inclusions, which will significantly increase their technological and operational characteristics, as well as prevent the formation of various kinds of defects during the processing of steels by pressure and the operation of products.

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26

Tszeng, T. C. "Interfacial Stresses and Void Nucleation in Discontinuously Reinforced Composites." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 122, no. 1 (June 21, 1999): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.482770.

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This paper presents the theoretical predictions of the stress state at the inclusion-matrix interface in discontinuous metal matrix composites by the generalized inclusion method. In the author’s previous works, this method had been extended to the elastoplastic deformation in the matrix material. The present analysis of the ellipsoidal inclusion problem indicates that the regions at the pole and the equator of the particle/matrix interface essentially remain elastic regardless of the level of deformation, although the size of the elastic region keeps decreasing as deformation becomes larger. It was also found that, when the composite is undergoing a relatively large plastic deformation (strain), the maximum interfacial normal stress is approximately linearly dependent upon the von Mises stress and the hydrostatic stress. Based on the stress criterion for void nucleation, the author determined the void nucleation loci and nucleation strain for a composite subjected to an axisymmetric macroscopic stress state. The influence of interfacial bonding strength, inclusion shape, and volume fraction on the occurrence of void nucleation have been determined. The interfacial bonding strength in a SiC-aluminum system was re-evaluated by using existing experimental evidence. [S0094-4289(00)01301-3]

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27

Koulova, Dantchi, and Pierre Atten. "EHD Instabilities in Two Layers of Insulating and Conducting Immiscible Liquids Subjected to Unipolar Charge Injection." Fluids 9, no. 9 (August 28, 2024): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids9090200.

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In this paper, the instability of two layers of insulating and conducting immiscible liquids separated by a deformable interface and subjected to unipolar injection is examined. Taking into account the slight deformation of the interface between the two liquids, a system of equations and boundary conditions is derived at marginal state. Non zero numerical solutions for both layers exist only for eigenvalues of the instability parameter T, which depends on the following parameters: injection level C, Bond number Bo, a new non-dimensional parameter P proportional to interfacial tension and the ratio of the layers’ thickness and of liquids viscosity. The variations in the instability criterion Tc, corresponding to the smallest eigenvalue, are examined in detail as a function of the main characteristic parameters C, P and the Bond number. We find that for some values of P, two instability mechanisms convective and interfacial ones can take place. When the strength of interfacial tension or the liquid thickness ratio is very low, the critical number tends to a value corresponding to interfacial instability. The influence of injection-induced convection in the insulating layer and the effect of interfacial deformation on interfacial instability are also discussed.

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SHIBUTANI, Yoji, Hiroshi KITAGAWA, and Takayuki NAKAMURA. "Fractal Property of Interfacial or Surface Inhomogeneous Deformation." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 41, no. 470 (1992): 1611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.41.1611.

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29

Monroe, Charles, and John Newman. "The Effect of Interfacial Deformation on Electrodeposition Kinetics." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 151, no. 6 (2004): A880. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1.1710893.

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30

Pond, Robert C., and Steven Celotto. "Interfacial deformation mechanisms in hexagonal-close-packed metals." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 33, no. 3 (March 2002): 801–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0148-8.

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31

Geubelle, Philippe H. "Finite deformation effects in homogeneous and interfacial fracture." International Journal of Solids and Structures 32, no. 6-7 (March 1995): 1003–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(94)00174-u.

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32

Yamaguchi, H., and A. Takushima. "Simulating interfacial deformation by arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian approach." Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering 193, no. 39-41 (October 2004): 4439–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cma.2003.11.017.

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33

Afkhami, Shahriar, Linda J. Cummings, and Ian M. Griffiths. "Interfacial deformation and jetting of a magnetic fluid." Computers & Fluids 124 (January 2016): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2015.05.015.

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34

Kashyap, B. P. "Interfacial phenomena and microstructural evolution during superplastic deformation." Surface and Interface Analysis 31, no. 7 (2001): 547–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1082.

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35

De Corato, M., and V. Garbin. "Capillary interactions between dynamically forced particles adsorbed at a planar interface and on a bubble." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 847 (May 21, 2018): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2018.319.

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We investigate the dynamic interfacial deformation induced by micrometric particles exerting a periodic force on a planar interface or on a bubble, and the resulting lateral capillary interactions. Assuming that the deformation of the interface is small, neglecting the effect of viscosity and assuming point particles, we derive analytical formulas for the dynamic deformation of the interface. For the case of a planar interface the dynamic point force simply generates capillary waves, while for the case of a bubble it excites shape oscillations, with a dominant deformation mode that depends on the bubble radius for a given forcing frequency. We evaluate the lateral capillary force acting between two particles, by superimposing the deformations induced by two point forces. We find that the lateral capillary forces experienced by dynamically forced particles are non-monotonic and can be repulsive. The results are applicable to micrometric particles driven by different dynamic forcing mechanisms such as magnetic, electric or acoustic fields.

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36

PUNANTAPONG, BOONYONG. "FINITE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF A SOFT POLYMER COATING ADHERING TO TITANIUM ALLOY (TI6AL4V)." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (January 20, 2010): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064034.

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This article presents the experimental methodology which elucidates the stress-state dependency of the deformation behavior of a soft polymer coating adhering to titanium alloy ( Ti 6 Al 4 V ). The methodology included in situ observations of the evolution of the deformation behavior of elastic film and a rigid substrate under a micro-indenter. The tip of indenter is driven to the polymer film coating at constant displacement rate until interfacial fracture is observed. However, the stress and strain fields which develop in the coating during penetration have been calculated using finite element analysis. For the experimental results, the interfacial stresses are affected by the constraint of the rigid substrate. When the crack was constant, the region in which the stress field increased with time. In addition, the maximum shear stress and the initiation of the interfacial crack were in this region. Furthermore, the high interfacial shear stresses are distributed over a large radial distance, which lead to the fracture initiation in the region of interface.

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37

Ashkenazi, Daniel, Kiet Pham, Jan Vermant, Norman J. Wagner, and Moshe Gottlieb. "Evaluation of a novel multimode interfacial rheometer." Journal of Rheology 68, no. 5 (August 30, 2024): 785–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1122/8.0000857.

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Determination of the rheological properties and the interfacial structure–property relationships for complex fluid–fluid interfaces can be of crucial importance for the understanding of physiological and biomedical systems, designing and engineering industrial processes, and developing environmental remediation technologies. For the measurement of interfacial shear rheological material functions, it has been determined that the control of the surface pressure during the application of deformation is essential for obtaining reproducible data especially when measuring complex interfaces, such as particle- and polymer-laden interfaces. Moreover, the study of complex fluid interfaces is complicated by kinematically mixed interfacial flow fields, which include both shear and dilatation (shape and area changes), leading to a possible complex flow history. To address this, specialized rheometers have been developed to provide clear kinematic conditions. For instance, a radial trough has been introduced to enhance the study of dilatational interfacial rheology, effectively solving the challenges posed by the mixed flow fields typical in standard rectangular Langmuir–Pockels (LP) troughs or pendant drops. In the present work, we utilize a new trough instrument, the Quadrotrough (QT), capable of performing on the same device (and sample) independent dilatational and shear deformations at the air/liquid interface under strain and surface pressure control. Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) imaging is carried out in situ simultaneously with rheological measurements. Thus, the QT embodies the combined advantages of the circular trough and the controlled surface pressure shear interfacial rheometer. The interfacial rheology of poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) at the air/water interface was measured for both pure dilatation and pure shear in steady and small amplitude oscillatory (SAO) dilatation (D) and shear (S) modes on the same interface. BAM images were obtained during shear and compression. The results obtained by the QT were highly reproducible and in good agreement with measurements performed previously using the LP trough-mounted double wall ring rheometer and the radial trough. The Hencky strain model was employed to derive steady shear and dilatational interfacial moduli. Very good agreement was observed between the steady and complex shear moduli. However, the dilatational moduli measured under steady compression were markedly smaller than those measured by small amplitude oscillatory dilatational at fixed molecular areas, further highlighting the complicating factor of deformation history on material properties for complex interfaces. In summary, the QT has been shown to be a valuable tool for exploring interfacial rheology and providing insights into complex interfacial systems.

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38

Jiang, Cui Xiang, and Rui Li. "Single Fiber Testing Study the Mechano-Electric Behavior between Carbon Fiber and Cement." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1859–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1859.

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The mechano-electric behavior between carbon fiber and cement matrix was revealed by single fiber testing. The resistance between fiber and matrix was found to increase when the interfacial bonding force increased and decrease when the interfacial bonding force decreased under dynamic load, which exhibited good reversibility except the first loading. The irreversibly increasing resistance is associated with interface debonding due to the interfacial defect, and the reversibly increasing resistance is attributed to elastic deformation of interfacial structure. The interfacial shear stresses cause the change of interfacial structure, which produce an effect on conductive network of the complex, and lead to the change of resistance between fiber and matrix.

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ITO, Hideaki, and Tsutomu EZUMI. "OS16-5-4 A Study on Impact Fracture Behavior of Interfacial Crack under Shearing Deformation." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2007.6 (2007): _OS16–5–4——_OS16–5–4—. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2007.6._os16-5-4-.

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40

Tein, Y. Summer, Benjamin R. Thompson, Chuck Majkrzak, Brian Maranville, Damian Renggli, Jan Vermant, and Norman J. Wagner. "Instrument for measurement of interfacial structure–property relationships with decoupled interfacial shear and dilatational flow: “Quadrotrough”." Review of Scientific Instruments 93, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 093903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090350.

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Understanding the interfacial structure–property relationship of complex fluid–fluid interfaces is increasingly important for guiding the formulation of systems with targeted interfacial properties, such as those found in multiphase complex fluids, biological systems, biopharmaceuticals formulations, and many consumer products. Mixed interfacial flow fields, typical of classical Langmuir trough experiments, introduce a complex interfacial flow history that complicates the study of interfacial properties of complex fluid interfaces. In this article, we describe the design, implementation, and validation of a new instrument capable of independent application of controlled interfacial dilation and shear kinematics on fluid interfaces. Combining the Quadrotrough with both in situ Brewster angle microscopy and neutron reflectometry provides detailed structural measurements of the interface at the mesoscale and nanoscale in relationship to interfacial material properties under controlled interfacial deformation histories.

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Li, Xiao Bing, Guo Yin Zu, and Ping Wang. "Interfacial Effect on Bending Property of Al/Cu/Al Laminated Composite Produced by Asymmetrical Roll Bonding." Key Engineering Materials 575-576 (September 2013): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.575-576.194.

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This paper is aim to investigate the interfacial effect on the bending property of Al/Cu/Al laminated composite produced by the asymmetrical roll bonding and annealing. The interfacial microstructure was observed by scanning electron microscope, and the three-point bending tests were conducted at room temperature. It is found that the interfacial layer near the faster roll is about 1 μm thickness and continuous, and the bending strength is increased by 4.4% in comparison with the interface near the slower roll. The results demonstrate that the shear deformation during asymmetrical roll bonding causes a severe interfacial fracture and makes a good interfacial bonding. The increase of bending load is ascribed to the interfacial improvement.

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42

Feng, Kai, Jiefang Wang, Shiming Hao, and Jingpei Xie. "Molecular Dynamics Study of Interfacial Micromechanical Behaviors of 6H-SiC/Al Composites under Uniaxial Tensile Deformation." Nanomaterials 13, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13030404.

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This paper investigated the micromechanical behavior of different 6H-SiC/Al systems during the uniaxial tensile loading by using molecular dynamics simulations. The results showed that the interface models responded diversely to the tensile stress when the four low-index surfaces of the Al were used as the variables of the joint surfaces. In terms of their stress–strain properties, the SiC(0001)/Al(001) models exhibited the highest tensile strength and the smallest elongation, while the other models produced certain deformations to relieve the excessive strain, thus increasing the elongation. The SiC(0001)/Al(110) models exhibited the largest elongations among all the models. From the aspect of their deformation characteristics, the SiC(0001)/Al(001) model performed almost no plastic deformation and dislocations during the tensile process. The deformation of the SiC(0001)/Al(110) model was dominated by the slip of the 1/6 <112> Shockley partial dislocations, which contributed to the intersecting stacking faults in the model. The SiC(0001)/Al(111) model produced a large number of dislocations under the tensile loading. Dislocation entanglement was also found in the model. Meanwhile, a unique defect structure consisting of three 1/6 <110> stair-rod dislocations and three stacking faults were found in the model. The plastic deformation in the SiC(0001)/Al(112) interface model was restricted by the L-C lock and was carried out along the 1/6 <110> stair-rod dislocations’ direction. These results reveal the interfacial micromechanical behaviors of the 6H-SiC/Al composites and demonstrate the complexity of the deformation systems of the interfaces under stress.

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43

Wang, Fei, Ping Huang, and Tianjian Lu. "Surface-effect territory in small volume creep deformation." Journal of Materials Research 24, no. 11 (November 2009): 3277–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2009.0416.

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It is yet unclear how far surface effects can dominate small volume creep deformation in the surface layer of a metallic solid. We report experimental results of the apparent activation volume of single, ultrafine-grained, and nanocrystalline Cu over a range of nanoscale displacements. The dependence of the apparent activation volume on the depth and grain size was determined using nanoindentation creep tests. The surface-affected deformation regimen, within which interfacial diffusion between the nanoindenter tip and the sample totally dominates the creep behavior, was quantitatively determined to be below ∼12 nm. As the initial creep depth is increased, the dominant mechanism is shifted from interfacial diffusion to grain-boundary diffusion as the contribution of the surface effects gradually vanishes when the indenter penetrates deeper into the sample (i.e., further away from the external surface).

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44

Takahashi, Y., T. Koguchi, and K. Nishiguchi. "Effect of Bulk Deformation on Viscoplastic Adhering Process—A Numerical Study of Solid State Pressure Welding." Journal of Engineering Materials and Technology 115, no. 2 (April 1, 1993): 171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2904203.

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Viscoplastic intimate contact process of uneven surfaces is numerically studied by using the finite element model proposed in our previous paper. The model treats only the case that the interfacial contact is the rate determining step of the solid state bonding process. The distribution of the equivalent strain rate around the void surface is strongly influenced by the bulk constraint conditions, i.e., the interfacial deformation is greatly affected by the bulk deformation. The strain rate at the void tip is strikingly increased by the bulk deformation, which accelerates the void shrinkage on the bond interface. If the bulk is deformed, the contacting process is also affected by the asperity angle α0 due to surface waviness. When α0 < 30 deg, the bonded area growth is mainly produced by the folding phenomena of the faying surfaces.

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45

Zhou, Honggang, and Mohammed Cherkaoui. "Failure Mechanism of Crack on Oxide–Alloy Interface: An Elastic–Plastic Analysis." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 21, no. 5 (September 12, 2011): 755–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1056789511417570.

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Spallation failure of oxide scale in high-temperature environment, usually occurring at the oxide–alloy interface, primarily originates from the interfacial defects such as cracks. At the same time, the substrate alloy usually experience plastic deformation during high-temperature oxidation process. In this study, we extend our previous work on stress-diffusion interaction in the oxidation of Fe–Cr alloys by including the inelastic deformation of alloys and use it to study the growth mechanism of a crack lying along oxide–alloy interface. The results predict that the plasticity of alloy helps to prevent the crack from growing. It is also found that faster diffusion of species will lead to higher level of interfacial failure driving force. Reduction of Cr ion diffusion in oxide by introduction of the reactive element in the alloy will help to prevent interfacial crack growth.

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46

Yuan, Shengnan, Cunlong Zhou, Haibo Xie, Mengyuan Ren, Fei Lin, Xiaojun Liang, Xing Zhao, Hongbin Li, Sihai Jiao, and Zhengyi Jiang. "Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Heterostructure Mn8/SS400 Bimetal Composite." Materials 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2025): 758. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040758.

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This study examines the deformation behaviour and fracture mechanisms of bimetal composites (BCs) composed of high-carbon medium-manganese steel (Mn8) and low-carbon steel (SS400), fabricated through hot roll bonding. The research highlights the effect of varying thickness ratios on the mechanical properties of Mn8/SS400 BCs. The microstructure and interfacial characteristics were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), revealing a well-bonded and defect-free interface with distinct elemental distributions. Tensile and bending tests were conducted to evaluate the composites’ mechanical performance, highlighting the synergistic effects of Mn8’s high strain hardening capacity and SS400’s ductility. Mathematical models, including the rule of mixtures (ROM) and the long-wavelength approach (LWA), were employed to predict the tensile strength and plastic instability strain (PIS), with experimental results showing deviations due to interfacial strengthening mechanisms and dislocation pile-ups. The findings provide insights into the interplay between layer thickness ratios, interfacial properties, and strain hardening, offering valuable guidance for optimising the design and industrial-scale production of Mn8/SS400 BCs.

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47

GASKELL, JILLIAN, FIONN DUNNE, DIDIER FARRUGIA, and JIANGUO LIN. "A MULTISCALE CRYSTAL PLASTICITY ANALYSIS OF DEFORMATION IN A TWO-PHASE STEEL." Journal of Multiscale Modelling 01, no. 01 (January 2009): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1756973709000049.

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A rate- and lengthscale-dependent crystal plasticity model is employed with a representative volume element for a two-phase austenitic steel under hot-forming conditions to investigate the role of austenite and MnS particle crystallographic orientation on local stress and slip conditions at austenite–MnS interfaces. It was found that austenite–MnS particle interfacial stress magnifications are determined largely by the crystallographic orientation of the MnS and not significantly by the austenite orientations. However, the crystallographic orientation of an austenite grain neighboring a MnS particle has a dramatic effect on slip localization and slip magnitude in the absence of any significant change in interfacial stress magnitude. The results suggest that it is the crystallographic orientation of the MnS rather than that of the austenite which determines the onset and rapidity of void nucleation. The results also show that there are very particular combinations of austenite–MnS particle orientations which lead to the highest interfacial stresses, and that the peak stress magnification arises not from the properties of the second phase particles but from their orientation. Micromechanical models based on isotropic plasticity will not capture correctly the interfacial stresses.

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48

Mandal, Shubhadeep, Uddipta Ghosh, Aditya Bandopadhyay, and Suman Chakraborty. "Electro-osmosis of superimposed fluids in the presence of modulated charged surfaces in narrow confinements." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 776 (July 10, 2015): 390–429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.333.

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In the present study, we attempt to analyse the electro-osmotic flow of two superimposed fluids through narrow confinements in the presence of axially modulated surface charges. We attempt to solve for the flow structure as well as the interface deformation by both analytical and numerical techniques. Approximate analytical solutions are obtained through asymptotic analysis for low deformations, whereas numerical solutions are obtained by applying the phase field formalism; the numerical solutions are obtained for small as well as large interfacial deformations. The analytical solutions are derived only for the transient deformation of the interface, neglecting the transience in the flow, i.e. the flow is assumed to be quasisteady. The numerical solutions, however, are derived including the effects of inertia and transients in the flow. We attempt to compare our analytical and numerical results and explore the effects of several physico-chemical parameters on the deformation of the interface as well as the nature of the flow. Our analysis reveals that parameters such as the modulation wavelength, surface tension (described through the capillary number), viscosity ratio, permittivity ratio and extent of asymmetry in the potential on the two walls are the major contributors to the deformation and the resulting flow features.

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49

Ren, Limei, Bei Li, Zhaoxiang Chen, Shan Gao, Yongqiang Quan, and Lihe Qian. "Interfacial Microstructure Analysis of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy during Plastic Deformation Bonding." Processes 9, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 1857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9101857.

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In this study, a plastic deformation process consisting of hot compression at 350 °C and heat treatment at 400 °C was performed to bond AZ31 magnesium alloy. Microstructural evolution around the bonding interface was systematically characterized to investigate the bonding process and clarify the bonding mechanism. When the plastic deformation strain reached 0.6, the bonding zone was full of fine dynamic recrystallized grains and the initial interface was eliminated. The post-heating treatments were conducted to achieve a sound interface bonding. The tensile tests and the corresponding fracture morphologies analysis indicated that the optimum holding time of heat treatment was 8 h. The interfacial bonding strength of the specimens holding for 8 h reached 164.7 MPa, an enhancement of about 9% compared with that of the specimens holding for 1 h. The microstructure analysis indicated that the bonding quality was affected by migration of the interfacial grain boundary (GB), the development of recrystallized grains and the evolution of interfacial oxides around the bonding area.

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50

Ren, Huai-Yin, Masashi Mizukami, Tadao Tanabe, Hidemitsu Furukawa, and Kazue Kurihara. "Friction of polymer hydrogels studied by resonance shear measurements." Soft Matter 11, no. 31 (2015): 6192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm01087j.

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