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1
Dioum, Bakhao. "Manipulation and Characterization of Multimode Quantum Light in Photonic Systems." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILR072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cette thèse fait progresser l'optique quantique multimode à travers deux contributions théoriques et pratiques majeures.Premièrement, nous introduisons les cavités temporelles comme une nouvelle approche pour le filtrage des modes temporels, en exploitant les principes de dualité espace-temps pour transposer les principes des cavités de nettoyage de modes spatiaux au domaine temporel. Contrairement aux approches existantes, cette opération de filtrage ne repose pas sur des interactions non linéaires ou sur l'accord de phase, préserve la fréquence porteuse et maintient intacte la structure des modes temporels. Nous démontrons la faisabilité d'une implémentation pratique utilisant des lentilles temporelles électro-optiques et des réseaux de diffraction, avec des stratégies complètes d'optimisation des paramètres pour les applications classiques et quantiques.Deuxièmement, nous abordons les limitations fondamentales de la détection d'états quantiques à travers les interféromètres à effet mémoire (IME). Nous établissons de nouveaux critères pour prédire la compression cachée directement à partir des paramètres du système et développons de nouvelles méthodes de décomposition lisse pour implémenter des unitaires dépendant de la fréquence. Ces innovations permettent un appariement parfait des modes pour les états présentant des caractéristiques spectrales complexes et des supermodes morphants, qui sont plus courants que précédemment reconnu dans les systèmes quantiques basés sur des cavités. L'efficacité de notre approche est démontrée par des études de cas détaillées de configurations d'oscillateurs paramétriques optiquesThis thesis advances multimode quantum optics through two major theoretical and practical contributions.First, we introduce temporal cavities as a novel approach to temporal mode filtering, leveraging space-time duality principles to translate spatial mode-cleaning cavity principles to the temporal domain. Unlike existing approaches, this filter operation does not rely on nonlinear interactions or phase matching, preserves the carrier frequency, and maintains the temporal mode structure intact. We demonstrate practical implementation feasibility using electro-optic time lenses and diffraction gratings, with comprehensive parameter optimization strategies for both classical and quantum applications.Second, we address fundamental limitations in quantum state detection through interferometers with memory effect (IME). We establish new criteria for predicting hidden squeezing directly from system parameters and develop novel smooth decomposition methods for implementing frequency-dependent unitaries.These innovations enable perfect mode-matching for states exhibiting complex spectral features and morphing supermodes, which are more common than previously recognized in cavity-based quantum systems. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated through detailed case studies of optical parametric oscillator configurations
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Millstone, Daniel Brucker, and Daniel Brucker Millstone. "Edge Response Characterization of Interferometers and the Effect of Aberrations." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625697.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An edge response characterization technique to predict the ITF of an interferometer using non- interferometric measurements has been shown to be effective. This technique eliminates the need for phase objects to be used in the characterization process. Using coherent imaging with an irradiance sensitive detector and an irradiance step as a characterization artifact to determine an interferometer's ITF was proven viable for diffraction limited, defocused, astigmatic, and spherically aberrated systems. Simulations and collected data demonstrated agreement between the interferometric edge response characterization technique results and coherent imaging edge response characterization technique results. The effect that aberrations have on ITF curves has been investigated in this thesis and an understanding of the system behavior under aberrated conditions was investigated.
3
Schneider, Christiane N. "False-memory construction : the effect of memory confidence /." Electronic version (PDF), 2004. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2004/schneiderc/christianeschneider.pdf.
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Garley, Claire Louise. "The effect of verbal memory impairments on memory for narrative." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.414062.
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Malaikah, Honaida Muhammed S. "Stochastic volatility models and memory effect." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/stochastic-volatility-models-and-mempry-effect(424f6c71-a0e7-44ba-afbb-cc5f74ae075c).html.
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Gao, Quanying. "Working memory load and Stroop interference effect." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the effect of working memory (WM) load on the magnitude of distractor interference has been studied extensively, a common characteristic in prior research is that the target and distractors belong to different objects. The present experiments investigate the effect of WM load on distractor interference when the relevant and irrelevant information is part of the same object. In two experiments, participants saw stimulus displays that consisted of a memory set followed by a Stroop color stimulus. The tasks were to respond to the color of the stimulus first and then to a memory probe. The principal manipulations were the relationship between the color and meaning of the Stroop stimulus (neutral vs. incongruent) and the level of WM load (high vs. low). The results show that WM load had little effect on the magnitude of Stroop interference. These results were consistent with previous research which shows that WM load plays a limited role in the efficiency of selective attention when the extent of attentional focus was held constant across different WM load conditions. They also emphasize the importance of stimulus structure in understanding selective attention in general, and distractor processing in particular.
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Stokes, Dawn. "The effect of trauma on autobiographical memory." Thesis, University of East London, 2005. http://roar.uel.ac.uk/3801/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presents five studies which investigate the effect of trauma on autobiographical memory in both adult and adolescent population samples. Previous literature has found overgeneral recall to the cueing task in both abuse and other trauma population samples and reduced personal semantic recall in abuse population samples. This series of studies confirmed that poor semantic recall is a feature of the aftermath of abuse, both adolescent clinical and adult non clinical. Furthermore reduced semantic recall was apparent in an adolescent burn injured population sample. Episodic recall was measured using the cueing task with emotional cue words and the Children's Autobiographical Memory Interview, a semi structured interview based on lifetime periods. Consistent with the adult literature, traumatised adolescents demonstrated slower response latencies and overgeneral recall to the cueing task. Deficits were also found in recall to the lifetime periods on the CAMI and in the adolescent burn population samples these were further analysed in relation to the burn accident. However, the non clinical adult population sample demonstrated no significant differences on the cueing task and better episodic recall. In addition, a preliminary report suggested that the Means End Problem Solving task could be developed as an indirect autobiographical memory task.
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Reaves, Sarah Anderson. "The effect of retrospective attention on memory systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/53558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior research has shown that visual working memory (VWM) performance can be improved via retrospective cues (“retro-cues”) that spatially indicate which item currently being held in working memory will be probed at test. These studies have utilized electroencephalography (EEG) methods to monitor contralateral delay activity (CDA) event related potentials (ERPs) and assert that retro-cues benefit memory by reducing effective memory load.
Here, we investigated the potential relationship between CDA amplitude and future long-term memory (LTM) performance. Emerging evidence from ERP and fMRI studies suggest that working memory maintenance can contribute to LTM formation, which suggests that memory systems are not as discrete as some models suggest. We investigated the hypotheses that A) the benefits afforded by the retro-cue in VWM will carry over into LTM, and B) CDA amplitude will be modulated by subsequent LTM performance. Results revealed that retro-cuing improved item accuracy at both VWM and LTM delays, suggesting that the two memory systems are interactive. Due to an insufficient amount of subsequent LTM misses, we were unfortunately too underpowered to detect a CDA depending on long-term memory performance. However, we found that posterior slow-wave potentials during the maintenance period did differ by subsequent LTM performance, which further suggests an interactive systems account of memory.
We also sought to investigate what exactly the retro-cue cues. Prior research has focused on memory for items, but no study has questioned if the retro-cue also enhances memory for item location. To this end, the present study investigated the effect of retro-cueing on both item identity and item location. LTM Behavioral results revealed a retro-cue benefit for item accuracy but no benefit for item location, suggesting that the retro-cue selectively cues item identity.
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Kumar, Nishith. "Design and construction of a novel thermal interferometer." Swinburne Research Bank, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/64905.
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Silva, Maria Catarina Coutinho Varela da. "Effect of surfactant on PDLC films with and without permanent memory effect." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/10833.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em
Engenharia Química e BioquímicaThe main goal of this work is to optimize the performance of the PDLC films with the introduction of an additive, in this case the triton X100. The polymer matrix of the PDLC is based on monomers, such as Tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate with molecular weight of 875 which were thermal polymerized using α,α-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. Different aspects were investigated, such as the study of the dynamics of the transition ON/OFF state using a high-frequency alternate voltage and the attempt to minimize the liquid crystal anchorage force to the polymer matrix observed. The polymer morphology and the composites synthesized were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The PDLC films were also analyzed resorting to additional studies of differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy . Finally, the kinetic behavior of the PDLC films was studied. This part of the work was done with the goal to understand what was the impact of the increase amount of TX100 on the orientation and disorientation time of the LC molecules. Additionally, a fitting model was developed in order to describe the orientation and disorientation kinetic of the system. It was verified that the increase amount of TX100 modifies the initial anchorage force of the LC molecules to the polymeric matrix, decreasing it. This reflects on the increase of the permanent memory effect and decrease of the E90 of the PDLC films, verified also with the decrease of the average elastic constant, K, of the PDLC film. On this work, the best value for the permanent memory effect was 96% with an E90 of 2V/μm. However, this work also demonstrates that the kinetic of the system is independent of the amount of TX100, which means that the LC molecules orientate and disorientate at practically the same time with or without additive.
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William, Stephen Anak. "Investigation into memory effect in organic semiconductor devices." Thesis, Bangor University, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429845.
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Nyberg, Lars. "The enactment effect : studies of a memory phenomenon." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96886.
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Lau, Siu-fung, and 劉兆鋒. "The effect of rumination state on working memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209558.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rumination is known as compulsive and recurrent self-focused thoughts concerning symptoms, causes and consequences of personal distress. Previous research suggested that the habitual use of rumination in daily life, especially among depressed patients, was related to working memory impairment. Here we examined how induced rumination affects the functioning of working memory. In our experiment, participants were randomly assigned to go through either rumination or distraction induction procedures. Then, they were assessed by a computer task in which they were asked to sort three words in either forward or backward order. The three words were either of negative or neutral valence. Accuracy and response latency were recorded to estimate the functioning of their working memory.
To examine the pure impact of state rumination on working memory, we recruited participants from healthy population in experiment 1. Recruiting non-depressed people helps isolate rumination from Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) so that the effect of rumination state can be explored in the absence of the mood problems and cognitive deficits related to MDD. The relationship between trait rumination and working memory performance among non‐depressed people was also reviewed. It was found that participants’ accuracy in sorting negative words was lower than neutral words in forward sorting trials after rumination induction. This performance pattern was not observed in distraction group, implicating that rumination caused an increased difficulty for non‐depressed people to encode negative information when they were ruminating.
In experiment 2, we aimed at investigating the working memory performance when depressed patients were ruminating.
Depressed patients and matched healthy control were recruited to go through the same experimental procedures as in experiment 1. An elevated accuracy for negative words and an improved performance, in terms of higher accuracy and lower response latency, for forward sorting trials after rumination induction were observed. The finding suggested that state rumination caused depressed patients’ working memory to be more prepared to encode information, especially negative one.
The results demonstrated that the impact of rumination state on working memory is consistent with the principle of cognitive congruency. Information that is congruent with the self‐related representation tends to have preferential access to the working memory. Implication of our findings on MDD would be discussed in the light of the observed influence of rumination on working memory functioning.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Chan, Xinni. "Survival Processing Effect on Memory for Social Information." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1490710246565186.
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Lanning, Laura Ellen Rose. "Effect of goal discrepancy rumination on overgeneral memory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/20203.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: This study aimed to test predictions made by the self-memory system (SMS) model (Conway & Pleydell-Pearce, 2000), extensions of Williams et al.’s (2007) “capture and rumination” (CaR) mechanism (Debeer, Hermans, & Raes, 2009) and control theories of rumination (Martin & Tesser, 1996, 2006) in a non-clinical sample to further understand the processes underlying overgeneral memory (OGM). It was hypothesised that (i) ruminating on unresolved goals, compared to thinking about resolved goals, would increase OGM, in participants reporting high levels of trait brooding and (ii) that this effect would be greater following goal-cues that are derived from goal cues rated as (a) more important compared to those rated as less important; (b) more progress-discrepant compared to those rated as less progress-discrepant; (c) more relevant to unresolved goals compared to those that are rated as less relevant to unresolved goals. Method: A between-subjects factor of condition (resolved versus unresolved goal-focus induction) and a within-subjects factor of time (pre- and post-manipulation Minimal Instruction Autobiographical Memory Test [MI-AMT; Debeer et al., 2009]) design was utilised with 75 undergraduate and three masters psychology students (86.3 % female [n = 65]; age, M = 20.2 years, range = 18-43, SD = 4.9) from the University of Exeter. The MI-AMT was used to measure autobiographical memory (AM) specificity before and following a manipulation whereby participants were randomly assigned to either a control condition in which participants focussed on a resolved goal or an experimental condition which was designed to induce rumination about an unresolved (i.e., self-discrepant) goal. MI-AMT cues were adjectives relating to nomothetic goal-statements. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression analyses found neither an overall effect of condition nor an interaction between condition and brooding on AM specificity. Thus, induced rumination over unresolved goals did not lead to higher levels of OGM than induced focus on resolved goals amongst individuals high in trait brooding. Multilevel hierarchical regression found that the extent to which people high on brooding were less specific in the unresolved condition did not depend on the importance or progress-discrepancy ratings of the goal-statements from which the MI-AMT cues were developed, nor on the relevance of the goal-cues to the concern identified in the goal cueing task. Goal-cue relevance ratings showed a significant main effect on AM specificity qualified by an interaction with condition whereby participants reported decreasingly specific AMs in response to cues related to the concern after the resolved goal manipulation. Conclusion: These null findings suggest that rumination over unresolved goals may not increase OGM amongst non-clinical samples. A replication of this study should utilise state rumination checks to ensure that the goal cueing task successfully differentially induced state rumination between conditions. Further exploration of the role of reflection might elucidate which qualities of rumination are positively associated with OGM but not present in rumination about unresolved goals. Given that Williams et al.’s CaR mechanism was constructed to understand OGM in clinical depression, a replication of this study using a clinical sample may be a useful next step in testing predictions made by this theory.
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Sangster, Joanne. "False memory : the effect of emotion and aging." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU232909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the intricacies of false memory and whether emotional valence may play a part in the susceptibility of memory errors. In order to examine emotional memory performance a new experimental paradigm was developed: the categorised emotional images paradigm. Experiment 1a investigated the robustness of the paradigm and revealed enhanced memory performance especially for positive images and more conservative response biases for emotional (both positive and negative) images in younger adults. Possible confounding factors of arousal (Experiment 1b) and perceptual distinctiveness (Experiment 1c) were ruled out. Experiment 2 revealed that emotional distinctiveness and the subsequent re-experiencing of emotional images can be a facilitative method in protecting memory from errors but that secondary task requirements can hinder the capacity to use such sensitivities. Experiment 3 and 4 explored how remembering and knowing can be used as a method to disentangle and explore how the underlying processes in memory operate. Experiment 3 showed that there is maintenance of the conservative bias and gist recognition in aging but older adults lose the emotional recollective advantage that was present in the younger adults. Experiment 4 used an alternative paradigm using emotional faces to illustrate that the effects of valence are domain specific and indicates that it is exceptionally important for memory researchers to be flexible in how they approach emotion and memory interactions. It is especially important for memory research to be sensitive to the subtleties of the emotional paradigm under investigation.
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Dunbar, Michele Debra. "Development of the Self Reference Effect and Source Memory in Childhood." Thesis, Griffith University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366492.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examined the development of episodic memory in 4- to 6-year-old children. A defining characteristic of episodic memory is that it involves memory for the source or context in which items occurred, as well as memory for the items themselves. The present work builds on research in two areas. First, it considers the development of source memory in childhood. Research in this area has shown that compared to older children and adults, young children often perform poorly on source memory tasks. A principal aim was to determine the basis of this difficulty for young children. Second, it focuses on the self-reference effect (SRE) in memory. The SRE in memory refers to the superior memory that occurs when information is encoded in relation to the self relative to other types of contextual encoding (e.g., other-referent, semantic). Recently, SREs have been observed in item memory, but not source memory in children younger than 6 years of age. The present research was interested in investigating the basis of this disparity, and the role of the self in the development of episodic memory. A SRE paradigm in which source is operationalised as self versus other encoding-context has been used with young children (Sui & Zhu, 2005). This paradigm builds on research showing that self-recognition and the self-concept emerge early in development. Study items are pictures of common objects (e.g., chair, tree), and sources are photographs of the children themselves (self condition) or another child (other condition) pointing to the item. In the existing paradigm, the encoding phase is followed by a free recall test of items. Source memory is assessed for recalled items only. Whilst this paradigm has considerable potential for investigating the SRE and other types of source memory, there are some problems with the procedure.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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McCabe, David P. "The effect of warnings on false memories in young and older adults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30285.
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Richardson, Tara Beth Auad Maria Lujan Schwartz Peter. "Nanoreinforced shape memory polyurethane." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1934.
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Tsukahara, Jason Seiichi. "The Role of Working Memory Resources in Mind Wandering: The Difference Between Working Memory Capacity and Working Memory Load." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2014. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/81.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is no consensus on the relationship between working memory resources and mind wandering. The purpose of the current study is to investigate whether mind wandering requires working memory resources to be sustained. The resource-demanding view is that mind wandering requires working memory resources to sustain an internal train of thought (Smallwood, 2010). The resource-free view is that mind wandering is a result of executive control failures and this internal train of thought proceeds in a resource-free manner (McVay & Kane, 2010). Participants were presented with thought probes while they performed a Simon task in single and dual task conditions. From the resource-demanding view, individuals with high WMC should experience more Task unrelated thought (TUT) in single and dual task conditions compared to those with low WMC. From the resource-free view, individuals with high WMC should experience fewer TUT compared to low WMC individuals. Results indicated that, WML eliminated the Simon effect for high WMC and reduced it for low WMC group. Mind wandering was decreased in dual task conditions however there was no effect of working memory capacity on mind wandering. Also, mind wandering correlated with task performance measures for the low WMC but not high WMC group. The results of the current study do not provide strong support for either a resource-demanding or resource-free view and are discussed in terms of a context dependent relationship between WMC and mind wandering
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Soltani, Tara. "Does Overt memory testing lead to better learning than Covert memory testing?" Thesis, Stockholms universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The testing effect is described as an improvement of memory performance at a final test as a result of previous test sessions. Several studies reported that initial testing during learning provides a better memory representation at a delayed retention interval. The aim of present study is to assess whether an Overt or a Covert retrieval procedure leads to better final recall. Participants were at initial testing instructed to retrieve and write down the words (Overt group), retrieve it without writing down (Covert group) or only restudy the words (SSS group). Memory was tested after[1]15 minutes and again after 1 week. The results indicated a significant main effect of learning group and retrieval interval, where the Overt group performed reliably better than remaining groups. The idea behind the testing effect may work as a guideline of how the testing procedure can be conformed into educational contexts, which advocates for more consistent use of testing in classroom for optimal learning.
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Grilli, Matthew Dennis. "Imagining a Better Memory: Theoretical and Clinical Implications of the Self-Imagination Effect in Memory." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/217094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior research suggests that aspects of self-knowledge are relatively intact in many memory-impaired patients with acquired brain injury. Therefore, cognitive strategies that rely on preserved mechanisms of the self may be particularly effective in this population. The three studies presented in this dissertation investigated the practical utility and mnemonic mechanisms of a novel cognitive strategy designed to capitalize on self-referential processing: self-imagination. Study 1 investigated the effect of self-imagining on cued recall in memory-impaired patients with acquired brain injury and healthy controls. Sixteen patients and sixteen healthy controls intentionally encoded word pairs under four separate conditions: visual imagery, semantic elaboration, other person imagining, and self-imagining. The results revealed that self-imagining enhanced cued recall more than the other encoding conditions in patients and healthy controls. Study 2 was an initial investigation of the effect of self-imagining on free recall. Twenty healthy adults intentionally encoded word pairs under four conditions: self-imagining, a self-descriptiveness task thought to rely on access to semantic information in self-knowledge, an autobiographical memory task requiring retrieval of a self-relevant episodic memory, and a structural processing task. The results demonstrated that self-imagining improved free recall more than the other encoding conditions in healthy adults. Study 3 investigated the effect of self-imagining on free recall in memory-impaired patients with acquired brain injury and healthy controls. Fifteen patients and fifteen healthy controls intentionally encoded personality trait adjectives under five conditions: a self-imagining task, a self-descriptiveness task, an episodic autobiographical memory task, a semantic elaboration task, and a phonemic processing task. The results revealed that the advantage of self-imagining over the other cognitive strategies extended to free recall in patients. Furthermore, the results indicated that the mnemonic benefit of self-imagining was partly attributable to preserved mechanisms associated with the retrieval of semantic information in self-knowledge. The findings from this dissertation indicate that self-imagining is a self-referential cognitive strategy that generates robust and reliable mnemonic improvement in memory-impaired patients with acquired brain injury and healthy controls. Cognitive strategies that involve preserved mnemonic mechanisms of the self, such as self-imagination, may provide a new direction in cognitive rehabilitation.
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Dolan, Megan. "The Effect of Trauma Experiences and PTSD Severity on Positive Memory Recall and Memory Phenomenology." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1505173/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Positive memories play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Additionally, there are potential clinical benefits of recalling positive memories on affect, cognitions, and behaviors. However, most research/clinical work has focused on the role of traumatic memories in PTSD's symptomatology and treatment. The current study examined positive memory recall difficulties and positive memory phenomenology among 185 trauma-exposed individuals with varying PTSD severity. Participants completed the Life Events Checklist for DSM-5, PTSD Checklist for DSM-5, Autobiographical Memory Test, Memory Experiences Questionnaire – Short Form, Ruminative Thought Style Questionnaire, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Brief 16-Item Version, Difficulties in Emotional Regulation Scale – Positive Emotions, the Positive Affect subscale of the Affective Control Scale, and two items from the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. Results showed that (1) greater PTSD severity was a marginally significant predictor of fewer recalled positive memories; (2) greater positive emotional dysregulation predicted fewer recalled positive memories controlling for PTSD severity; and (3) increasing PTSD severity predicted more negative valence, less vividness, less coherence, less accessibility, less clear time perspective, fewer sensory details, and greater distancing ratings of the recalled positive memory, controlling for sleep quantity/quality. Such findings add to the PTSD-positive memory literature by informing PTSD theoretical perspectives; enhancing an understanding of if/how positive memories may be incorporated into PTSD treatments; and highlighting potential clinical targets, such as positive emotional regulation skills, when integrating a focus on positive memories into PTSD intervention.
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Liang, Chen. "The constitutive modeling of shape memory alloys." Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08232007-113153/.
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Roos, af Hjelmsäter Emma. "Children's memory reports : the effect of co-witness influence /." Göteborg : Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/22205.
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Cohen, Anna-Lisa. "Prospective memory and aging, the effect of perceptual salience." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ41374.pdf.
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Messier, Claude. "Effect of glucose on memory : examination of possible mechanisms." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Previous research has shown that ingestion of sucrose or injection of glucose following a learning experience can improve an animal's memory for that experience. The present work was directed towards elucidating the mechanisms by which sucrose and glucose produce this effect. Memory was tested by determining the effects of post-training injections of various substances on a conditioned emotional response. Glucose itself exerted a dose-dependent bidirectional action on retention. This action was shown not to depend on particular blood glucose levels. Insulin did not improve retention at any of the doses tested. Fructose, a sugar that does not cross the blood-brain barrier produced a dose-response effect on retention similar to that of glucose suggesting that fructose and glucose may act through a common peripheral mechanism. The observation of a memory improvement following injections of either 2-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylgucose, two non-metabolized glucose analogs, suggested that the effect of glucose on retention may be due to an action on glucose transport and not to any metabolic effects of glucose. Two peripheral organs were examined for their possible involvement in the memory-improving action of glucose. This action was shown not to be dependent on the adrenal medulla which has been implicated in the action of other mnemoactive treatments. Partial denervation of the liver produced a partial attenuation of the effect of glucose on retention. The results are discussed in terms of the action of reinforcers on endogenous physiological mechanisms that modulate memory consolidation.
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Jardine, A. P. "Shape memory effect thermodynamics and thermal efficiencies of NiTi." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381385.
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Palanki, Zoltan. "Effect of the applied stress on shape memory alloys." Besançon, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BESA2002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans cette thèse, deux modèles ont été utilisés. Celui développé à Debrecen (Hongrie) a permis de calcul les termes d'énergie non-chimique au début et à la fin de transformation martensitique. Nonobstant, non seulement ces termes sont indispensables mais la connaissance de la dépendance des termes dissipatifs élastiques à la fraction de martensite transformée est, elle aussi, importante. En conclusion, une extension de modèle s'est avérée nécessaire. Ce nouveau modèle a été utilisé afin de rationaliser les mesures effectuée sur des alliages à mémoire de forme CuAINi poly et monocristallins. Les résultats de mesures sur l'échantillon monocristallin n'ont pu être interprétés que si le concept de deux types de phase martensitique est introduit. Le modèle de Besançon (France), développé pour expliquer la transformation martensitique, introduit ce deux martensites différentes (la martensite auto-accommodante et la martensite induite par la contrainte). 0n verra que cette partition n'a aucun sens crystallographique mais est simplement utile dans une approche phénoménologique. Après qu'un lien ait été établie entre ces deux modèles et que deux phase martensitiques aient été prises en compte dans le modèle de Debrecen, la détermination des paramètre nécessaires aux simulations devient possible, et la comparaison a pu être réalisée entre les boucles hystérésis mesurées et calculéesIn this thesis two models will be concerned. The one developed earlier in Debrecen enabled to calculate the non-chemical energy terms at the start and at the end of martensitic transformation. Nevertheless not only theses points are relevant but the knowledge of the dependence of the dissipative and elastic terms on the transformed martensitic fraction in the whole transformation range is important too. Consequently an extension of the model was needed. This new model was used to evaluate the data measured on polycrystalline an single crystalline CuAINi shape memory alloys. The results of the measurements on single crystalline samples could be explained only if two types of martensitic phases were taken into account. Indeed the Besançon model developed for simulation of the martensitic transformation counts with two different martensitic phases too, namely temperature and stress induced ones. After finding the connection between these two models and took them also into account in the Debrecen-model the determination of the input parameters for the simulations became possible and comparison between the measured and calculated hysteresis loops had been made
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Rindal, Eric J. "The Effect of Repeated Lying on False Memory Development." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1500577222767892.
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Zwilling, Christopher E. "Forgetting in short term memory the effect of time /." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/5720.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2008.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on August 19, 2009) Includes bibliographical references.
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Shu, Yi-Chung Bhattacharya Kaushik. "Shape-memory effect in bulk and thin-film polycrystals /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 1999. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-02212008-114547.
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Pryor, Jennifer Maureen. "The Positivity Effect: Is it a Memory Retrieval Bias?" W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626674.
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Daley, Matthew J. "Mechanisms Responsible for the Animacy Effect in Memory: Examining the Role of Animacy on Episodic and Working Memory." Thesis, Griffith University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/404852.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Words representing animate entities are recalled and recognised more accurately than inanimate words, which has been termed the animacy effect. Understanding the processes responsible for generating the animacy effect is important for a complete understanding of how memory encodes, stores and retrieves words representing animate and inanimate entities. This research project consisted of six experiments, each of which examined the animacy effect in different paradigms. Experiment 1 examined the animacy effect in free recall to determine whether the animacy effect was impacted by the serial position of the words in the study list. Animate words were recalled more accurately than inanimate words and importantly, the magnitude of the animacy effect did not differ significantly between words appearing at the beginning (initial component), middle and at the end of lists (final component). These results provided evidence that the animacy effect is independent of where in a list the words appear and that processes associated with serial position do not explain the animacy effect. Experiment 2 examined whether the build-up of proactive interference (PI) differed between the broad animate and inanimate semantic categories using the Brown-Peterson paradigm. There was a significant build-up of PI over trials 1 to 4 for both animate and inanimate words. The overall magnitude of the build-up of PI did not differ significantly between animate and inanimate words but animate words were more resistant to the build-up of PI between trials 2 and 3 than inanimate words. Animacy effects were present for the first three trials but were eliminated on trial 4, as the build-up of PI peaked. There was a significant release from PI after switching from animate and inanimate words to the opposite category of animacy, as well as when switching to words representing colours. Release from PI was stronger when switching to animate words than switching to inanimate words. The results from Experiment 2 suggest that the animacy effect in free recall is not explained by differences in the build-up of PI between animate and inanimate words. Experiments 1 and 2 examined long-term memory (LTM), while Experiments 4 to 6 examined working memory (WM). No known research had examined the animacy effect in WM and such an examination would provide information on whether the animacy effect extends to WM. Experiments 3 and 4 found that serial order recall was more accurate for animate words than inanimate words at set sizes 4, 5 and 6 but not at set size 3, providing evidence that animacy effects extend to WM. Experiments 3 and 4 also examined different WM maintenance processes. Animacy effects were present when participants undertook directed attention, articulatory rehearsal or were given no instruction on how to remember the words (Experiment 3), as well as under articulatory suppression to prevent rehearsal (Experiment 4). This suggests that animacy effects are present for multiple WM maintenance process. Experiments 5 and 6 examined item-context binding in WM to understand how animacy may enhance memory for contextual details. In Experiment 5, the n-back task (2-back and 3-back) was used to examine the creation and updating of item-temporal order bindings for animate and inanimate words. Responding was more efficient for animate words than inanimate words, indicating animacy effects extend to temporal order binding. Experiment 6 examined item-location binding using the Local Recognition Task. Responding was more efficient for animate words than inanimate words at set size 5 but not set sizes 3 and 4, suggesting that animacy enhances item-location binding when WM demands are high. The results of Experiments 5 and 6 provide evidence that the animacy effect in WM extends to contextual details. The animacy effect in WM may be the result of animate words placing less demand on WM capacity than inanimate words, particularly when task demands are high. The findings of this project are consistent with functional evolutionary theory, as animacy effects in both LTM and WM would likely have increased the probability of ancestral survival. While the demographically homogenous samples limit the generalisability of the findings to younger adults, the findings suggest that animacy is an important determinant of recall in both LTM and WM.Thesis (Professional Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology (PhD ClinPsych)
School of Applied Psychology
Griffith Health
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Kubik, Veit. "Effects of Testing and Enactment on Memory." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-108094.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Learning occurs not only when we encode information but also when we test our memory for this information at a later time. In three empirical studies, I investigated the individual and combined effects of interleaved testing (via repeated rounds of study and test practice) and encoding (via motor enactment) during learning on later cued-recall performance for action phrases. Such materials (e.g., “water the flowers”) contain a verb and a noun and approximate everyday memory that typically revolves around past and future actions. Study I demonstrated that both interleaved testing (vs. study only) and enactment (vs. verbal encoding) individually reduced the forgetting rate over a period of 1 week, but these effects were nonadditive. That is, the direct testing effect on the forgetting rate occurred for verbal, but not for enactive encoding; enactment reduced the forgetting rate for the study-only condition, but not for the study–test condition. A possible explanation of these findings is that both study techniques sufficiently elicit verb–noun relational processing that cannot be increased further by combining them. In Studies II and III, I replicated these testing-effect results and investigated whether they varied as a function of recall type (i.e., noun-cued recall of verbs and verb-cued recall of nouns). For verbal encoding (Study II), the direct testing effect was of similar size for both noun- and verb-cued recall. For enactive encoding, the direct testing effect was lacking irrespective of recall type. In addition, interleaved tests enhanced subsequent re-encoding of action phrases, leading to an accelerated learning. This indirect testing effect was increased for the noun-cued recall of verbs—for both verbal and enactive encoding. A possible explanation is that because nouns are semantically more stable, in that the meaning of nouns changes less over time and across different contexts, they are more recognizable. Hence, associated information (e.g., about the recall status) may be more available to the learner during restudy that, in turn, can initiate more effective re-encoding. The two different testing benefits (i.e., direct and indirect) may, partly, engage different mechanisms, as they were influenced differentially by the manipulations of encoding type and recall type. The findings presented in the thesis provide new knowledge regarding the combined effects of strategies and materials that influence memory.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1. Epub ahead of print. Paper 2: Manuscript. Paper 3: Manuscript.
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Tang, Yue. "Post-Learning Activities and Memory Consolidation: the Effect of Physical and Cognitive Activities on Memory Consolidation." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1371024975.
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STEBBINS, GLENN THURSTON III. "MEMORY FUNCTIONING IN PARKINSON'S DISEASE: THE EFFECT OF AGE OF ONSET ON HIGH SPEED MEMORY SCANNING." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184223.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A sample of 25 idiopathic Parkinson's disease subjects and 25 age and education matched elderly healthy control subjects were assessed for their speed of primary memory scanning speed using the Sternberg memory scanning paradigm. In addition, all patients were assessed for cognitive functioning as measured by the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale and the Wechsler Memory Scale. Significant differences were found between Parkinson's disease subjects and control subjects on speed of primary memory scanning, with the parkinsonian subjects performing significantly slower than the control subjects. Increased variability in the measure of memory scanning speed was noted for the parkinsonian subjects as compared to control subjects and different variables associated with increased cognitive disturbances in parkinsonian subjects were investigated as possible sources of this variability. It was found that the majority of variance could be accounted for by the parkinsonian subjects' age of symptom onset. Parkinsonian subjects who developed the disease later in life were significantly slower at primary memory scanning speed than were either parkinsonian subjects who developed the disease earlier in life, or than healthy control subjects. Cognitive variables measuring initiation and perseveration, construction and attention were found to be highly associated with increased primary memory scanning time. The relationship between these cognitive abilities and frontal lobe dysfunction is discussed. Also, the possible relationship between slowing of memory scanning and dopamine depletion is presented.
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Williams, Daniel D. "The effect of age on the propensity for false memories." Full text available online (restricted access), 2002. http://images.lib.monash.edu.au/ts/theses/Williams.pdf.
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Lovatt, Peter J. "Immediate serial recall and the word-length effect." Thesis, University of Essex, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265029.
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Au, May-lan Alma. "The effects of subcortical lesions on memory." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29648270.
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Stacom, Elizabeth E. "The effect of attentional bias on suggestibility." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10064.
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DeSouza, Kara Dawn. "Inattentional blindness and the false memory effect for cued-recall words." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1436028.
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Karns, Brenda. "The Effect of Age-Related Stereotypes on Memory Self-Efficacy and Memory Task-Performance of Older Adults." TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Forty-six older adults participated in a study to examine the hypothesis that there is a significant association between stereotypes of age-related memory decline and memory self-efficacy beliefs. It was also hypothesized that this relationship affects performance on measures of memory performance. A measure of age stereotype vulnerability was assessed along with two measures of memory self-efficacy, four measures of implicit, explicit, and working memory, and two measures of implicit and explicit sequential learning. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the relationships among stereotypes of age, memory self-efficacy, and subsequent performance on various tasks of memory and learning. Emphasis was placed on the memory self-efficacy construct as a moderating variable and its utility in examining cognitive behavior in adults. The model hypothesized for this research was not supported.
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Wills, Theodore W. "Cognitive operations and the "aha" effect : revision not confusion /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2002.
Знайти повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2002.Advisr: Salvatore Soraci, Jr. Submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-73). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Olechowski, Alicia. "THE TIME-DEPENDENT EFFECT OF ACUTE STRESS ON LONG-TERM MEMORY." OpenSIUC, 2018. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/2410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Stress has been found to both facilitate and impair memory depending on the memory phase during which the stressor occurs. Generally, stress has been shown to facilitate memory consolidation and impair retrieval. Research has revealed conflicting findings regarding the effect of stress on encoding. While some studies have demonstrated an impairing effect, others have found a facilitatory effect of stress on memory performance. To explain these findings, researchers have suggested a time-dependent effect of stress on memory. Stress is proposed to facilitate memory for temporally proximate events and impair memory for events occurring after a delay. The current study sought to test this hypothesis. Participants were exposed to a cold pressor stress manipulation then randomly assigned to a delay interval between 0 and 60 minutes long. After the delay, participants learned a series of positive, negative and neutral word pairs, and were given a 24 hour delayed cued recall test. Results demonstrated that a cubic regression model was able to significantly predict memory performance based on delay. However, the results differed depending on the sex of the participants. While female participants displayed the expected increased performance at short delays and decreased performance at 15 to 40 minute delay intervals, male participants displayed increased performance at 20 to 35 minute delay intervals. As discussed, a potential explanation for these findings is that the magnitude, direction and time course of the effect of stress on memory may depend on the perceived severity of the stressor and the extent to which participants experience increase activity in the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary axis, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis or both.
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Davis, Meghan L. "Effect of spatial context in object memory evidence from amnesia /." Click here for download, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com.ps2.villanova.edu/pqdweb?did=1930212961&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3260&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Cheung, Sze-man May. "The effect of phonological similarity on the auditory memory span." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36209107.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (B.Sc)--University of Hong Kong, 1995."A dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Science (Speech and Hearing Sciences), The University of Hong Kong, April 28, 1995." Also available in print.
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Ariapour, Azita. "Effect of nitrogen on Fe-Mn-based shape memory alloys." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0002/NQ41396.pdf.
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Momayezzadeh, Mohammed. "Stress memory measurement using the Kaiser effect of acoustic emission." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates in detail the stress memory of hard rocks under uniaxial compressive conditions as a time-saving and inexpensive alternative to traditional in-situ stress measurement techniques. Extensive laboratory experiments are carried out to assess the influence of parameters such as transducer/amplifier frequency response, signal definition parameters, stress rate, strain rate, specimen size, stress level, delay time, temperature, water content, confining pressure, and directional loading on the Kaiser Effect of Stanstead granite and other rock types. Based on these findings and a new data processing techniques developed for estimating the previous stress level, a testing procedure is suggested and used to determine in-situ stresses from core samples with respect to their drilling orientations. In two case studies, the estimated stresses using the Kaiser Effect phenomenon are in good agreement with values obtained from conventional techniques while in the third study, no stress value was obtained due to the inability of the rock type to generate acoustic emissions. The results of this investigation show that the Kaiser Effect could become an economical method of stress measurement in hard and isotropic rock types.
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Jukes, Matthew C. H. "Talking about the past and its effect on children's memory." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244531.
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