Дисертації з теми "Intermittent Renewable Energy"
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Grange, Léo. "Datacenter management for on-site intermittent and uncertain renewable energy sources." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30176.
In recent years, information and communication technologies (ICT) became a major energy consumer, with the associated harmful ecological consequences. Indeed, the emergence of Cloud computing and massive Internet companies increased the importance and number of datacenters around the world. In order to mitigate economical and ecological cost, powering datacenters with renewable energy sources (RES) began to appear as a sustainable solution. Some of the commonly used RES, such as solar and wind energies, directly depends on weather conditions. Hence they are both intermittent and partly uncertain. Batteries or other energy storage devices (ESD) are often considered to relieve these issues, but they result in additional energy losses and are too costly to be used alone without more integration. The power consumption of a datacenter is closely tied to the computing resource usage, which in turn depends on its workload and on the algorithms that schedule it. To use RES as efficiently as possible while preserving the quality of service of a datacenter, a coordinated management of computing resources, electrical sources and storage is required. A wide variety of datacenters exists, each with different hardware, workload and purpose. Similarly, each electrical infrastructure is modeled and managed uniquely, depending on the kind of RES used, ESD technologies and operating objectives (cost or environmental impact). Some existing works successfully address this problem by considering a specific couple of electrical and computing models. However, because of this combined diversity, the existing approaches cannot be extrapolated to other infrastructures. This thesis explores novel ways to deal with this coordination problem. A first contribution revisits batch tasks scheduling problem by introducing an abstraction of the power sources. A scheduling algorithm is proposed, taking preferences of electrical sources into account, though designed to be independent from the type of sources and from the goal of the electrical infrastructure (cost, environmental impact, or a mix of both). A second contribution addresses the joint power planning coordination problem in a totally infrastructure-agnostic way. The datacenter computing resources and workload management is considered as a black-box implementing a scheduling under variable power constraint algorithm. The same goes for the electrical sources and storage management system, which acts as a source commitment optimization algorithm. A cooperative multiobjective power planning optimization, based on a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA), dialogues with the two black-boxes to find the best trade-offs between electrical and computing internal objectives. Finally, a third contribution focuses on RES production uncertainties in a more specific infrastructure. Based on a Markov Decision Process (MDP) formulation, the structure of the underlying decision problem is studied. For several variants of the problem, tractable methods are proposed to find optimal policies or a bounded approximation
Görtz, Steffen. "Battery energy storage for intermittent renewable electricity production : A review and demonstration of energy storage applications permitting higher penetration of renewables." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-104285.
Sinande naturresurser och växthuseffekten driver på övergången från centraliserad kraftproduktion baserad på fossila bränslen till distribuerad förnyelsebar energiproduktion i rask takt. Vind- och solkraft levererar koldioxidneutral el men ställer samtidigt balansansvariga och elnätsplanerare inför en rad problem på grund av periodiskt återkommande och tidvis ostabil effektgenerering. Energilager presenteras som en lovande lösning på problemen orsakade av förnyelsebara energikällor Att lagra energi i elnätet, i synnerhet med batterier, har fått en hel del uppmärksamhet de senaste åren i energibranschen. De flesta elnätsbolag och intressenter på energimarknaden har en grundläggande förståelse kring energilagring i elnätet men saknar ofta mer djupgående kunskap. Detta examensarbete syftar att belysa och förklara användningsområden och potentialer för energilagring med fokus på integreringen av förnyelsebara energikällor. Teorin beskriver hur batterilager kan användas för tillåta integreringen av en hög andel förnyelsebar elproduktion. Några tillämpningar är; effektutjämning, lagring av producerad energi för senare bruk samt ökad nätkapacitet genom att kapa toppar. Problem relaterade till försämrad elkvalité orsakad av varierande kraftproduktion visas kunna pareras med hjälp av programmerbara energilagringssystem som läser av storheter på elnätet såsom spänning och frekvens. För att utnyttja energilagret optimalt och komma åt dess maximala värde bör flera användningsområden kombineras. Därför diskuteras även andra användningsområden såsom arbitrage, lagringskapacitet för att skjuta upp eller undvika förstärkning av elnätet och lastföljning. Ett flertal batteriteknologier aktuella för de diskuterade användningsområdena såsom bly-, natriumsulfat- och litium-jonbatterier presenteras. Den mest lovande teknologin är litium-jon tack vare dess utmärkta egenskaper och framförallt mycket gynnsamma förväntade prisutveckling. Två fallstudier av två av Umeå Energi´s nätområden med hög simulerad andel solenergiproduktion har utförts för att demonstrera utnyttjandet av energilager för reglering av överspänning och kapning av toppar. Simuleringarna visar att energilagringssystem med framgång kan underlätta integreringen av förnyelsebara energikällor. Dagens kapitalkostnader är fortfarande för höga för att energilagring ska vara ekonomiskt försvarbart men fallande priser och en växande marknad väntas verka till teknikens fördel. Det visar sig att regelverk gällande ägandeskapet och standardiseringen av energilager är i det närmaste obefintliga vilket utgör ytterligare hinder för tekniken. Fortsatta diskussioner gällande dessa punkter i kombinationen med test- och pilotanläggningar för att införskaffa erfarenhet av energilagring i elnätet krävs.
Barton, John P. "A probabilistic method of modelling energy storage in electricity systems with intermittent renewable energy." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2007. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/9727.
Barbour, Edward. "Investigation into the potential of energy storage to tackle intermittency in renewable energy generation." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8189.
Henriot, Arthur. "Economics of intermittent renewable energy sources : four essays on large-scale integration into European power systems." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018509.
Anderson, Matthew John. "Economic and Environmental Analysis of Cool Thermal Energy Storage as an Alternative to Batteries for the Integration of Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51195.
Master of Science
Gils, Hans Christian [Verfasser], and André [Akademischer Betreuer] Thess. "Balancing of intermittent renewable power generation by demand response and thermal energy storage / Hans Christian Gils. Betreuer: André Thess." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1081367563/34.
Patrick, Stasha Noelle. "Control of aggregate electric water heaters for load shifting and balancing intermittent renewable energy generation in a smart grid environment." Thesis, Montana State University, 2011. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2011/patrick/PatrickS1211.pdf.
Ahmed, Samar. "Carbon neutral scenarios for Växjö municipality." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104962.
Nguyen, Duc Trung. "Optimal sizing and system management of water pumping and desalination process supplied with intermittent renewable sources." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0030.
This study focuses on systemic design, integrating simultaneously issues of sizing and optimal energy management. The system under study consists of a pumping process including a brackish water desalination system fed by hybrid renewable power sources with minimum electrochemical storage. Such a device belongs to the class of “autonomous systems” supplied by intermittent sources whose power profile has a “given” waveform: “with minimum electrical storage, power has to be converted, stored in water tanks, or wasted following climatic (sun, wind) conditions”. Influence of environment conditions and robustness of the optimization process is then also discussed in this thesis. Both dynamic and quasi static models are implemented for representing the whole system. The device is firstly modeled dynamically by Bond Graph methodology. For faster simulations, which are more suitable for system optimization, a quasi static model is created to be simulated in the Matlab environment. For such systems, given a certain source power, finding optimal operation point at each period consists of a power sharing between all pumping devices: it is a complex process with huge nonlinearities (efficiency vs power curves) and with many constraints as for the limitation of pump powers, tank level conditions, or pressure and flow limitations in hydraulic network and pumping devices. It is not so trivial to define an objective function which ensures system performance and robustness versus environment conditions: a convenient objective function, whatever the input power profile, is then proposed to implement the optimal management. The optimization problem being mathematically expressed, consisting of objective function maximization under constraints, efficient optimization methods by non linear programming are implemented. The issue of sizing and its coupling with system management efficiency is finally studied. In particular, the interest of modular operation with several pumps connected in parallel is also concerned in this research
Proser, Noah. "Energy Storage: Technology for a More Efficient Grid." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/264.
Ribeiro, Luísa Helena Machado. "Risco de mercado na comercialização de energia elétrica: uma análise estruturada com foco no ambiente de contratação livre - ACL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-14072016-111314/.
The motivation to write this thesis has arisen at a time when the participation of nonconventional renewable sources in the Brazilian electric energy matrix has become more significant. However, the scenario of the regulatory framework and market rules has not followed the specificity of the nature of these sources. In order to maintain a higher growth rate in the national electric matrix, non-conventional renewable sources must find alternatives to the current electric market. The contribution of this study focuses on the market risks analysis incurred by intermittent energy sources to commercialize energy in the free market. From this perspective, the study was developed addressing types of power generation and its technical and economic characteristics, legislation in the electricity sector, commercialization rules, system energy balance, spot market and long term contract pricing, difference prices between submarkets, flexibility requirements and seasonality in sales contracts to free consumers and their impact on contract pricing, identify complementary energy behavior for mitigating market risks from renewable sources and formulation of \"hedge\" mechanism, portfolio analysis and optimal strategy of energy contracting for generating agents acting in the ACL. In response to the challenge of solving the impasse in the commercialization of seasonal production sources, a model for contracting strategies was proposed for generation companies and retailer agents from the energy complementation between different types of sources in order to maximize the gains of marketing to an established risk. This allows revenues increase while mitigating risks in a scenario where spot prices and energy production vary greatly. An arrangement that provides the minimum risk was identified for retailer portfolio. This is possible due to differences amongst each source considered in the simulations, compensating the results in a diversified portfolio. As a complement, a business model was structured in which a generation company with hydro power assets purchases production rights of a wind and / or biomass to incorporate to its portfolio and sell as contract \"for quantity.\" It was determined the amount of energy to be purchased from each source, the price, the best contracting strategy and mitigation of risk factors included in sales contracts, seeking to maximize the revenue giving an acceptance of risk.
Al-imarah, Amena, and Elin Stenberg. "Tillämpning av batterilager som energitjänsten lastutjämnare : En studie om batterilagring för en medelstor abonnent i Varberg Energis elnät." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-33263.
This thesis, is a study of battery energy storage and its use as energy source and smoothening of power fluctuation. Studies have been made as a systematic review and a quantitative study. The study has consisted of analysing the power characteristic from a supermarket in the city of Varberg during year 2015. The object has been to evaluate the energy storage and the power smoothing qualities. Therefore the battery energy storages characteristics have been evaluated in this systematic review. For the quantitative study, calculations of the energy storage sizes were made for two separate operation modes. The two different operation modes were named technical dimensioning and economic dimensioning. The function of the technical dimensioning was to smooth the power outlet from the grid, while the function of the economic dimensioning was to enable the supermarket to buy more energy during low-price hours. Based on monthly power characteristics, each dimensioning gave as a result two energy storage possibilities, one in medium and one in small size. The technical dimensioning resulted in battery energy storage of the sizes 617 kWh and 555kWh which is comparable to 7,1% and 5,8% of the daily energy usage of the supermarket. The economic dimensioning resulted in battery energy storage of the sizes 597 kWh and 233kWh which is comparable to 6,8% and 2,8% of the daily energy usage of the supermarket. For optimizing the economic savings, a variation of technical and economic operation mode are needed, depending on calculated power usage through the day and elspot prices. The study shows that a battery storage is difficult to finance. The calculated economic savings were estimated during ideal conditions and without power loss or loss in performance. As a conclusion from this study a battery storage may have a good payback if there are several energy services to be filled.
Almeida, Givanildo José de. "Renewable energy : overcoming intermittency." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7228.
Batalla, Bejerano Joan. "Power system integration of renewables: an economic approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/441739.
A nivel mundial las energías renovables han crecido de forma considerable a lo largo de estas dos últimas décadas, habiendo sustituido parcialmente a los combustibles fósiles en ámbitos tales como la generación eléctrica. Una apuesta tan amplia por este tipo de energías sólo se explica desde el punto de vista de las importantes y crecientes ventajas asociadas a este tipo de tecnologías en tres ámbitos fundamentales: el medio ambiente, la seguridad de suministro energético y el desarrollo económico. No únicamente contribuyen a la reducción de emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero dado su carácter renovable sino que adicionalmente mejoran la seguridad de suministro, tomando en consideración que se trata de fuentes energéticas autóctonas. Asimismo, las energías renovables suponen un importante motor de desarrollo económico y social, fomentando la innovación y la generación de puestos de trabajo de elevado valor añadido. No obstante, esta rápida penetración de las energías renovables plantea desafíos al sistema eléctrico en particular que debe adaptarse a una creciente generación descentralizada y de carácter variable. Desde la perspectiva de los respectivos sistemas eléctricos y su operación, el problema a solucionar es cómo integrar en el sistema un contingente considerable de generación de origen renovable cuya disponibilidad es aleatoria, de localización libre y que, ante situaciones de inestabilidad, se desconecta del propio sistema eléctrico, obligando al resto de generación a incrementar su cuota de participación en tiempo real con el fin de garantizar el permanente equilibrio entre oferta y demanda que todo sistema eléctrico exige para su correcto funcionamiento. La presente Tesis aborda en profundidad del diseño actual del mercado eléctrico y del impacto económico de las energías renovables en el precio final de la electricidad que pagan los consumidores, prestando una especial atención a los mercados de ajuste, imprescindibles para el desarrollo e implementación de las energías renovables.
At a global scale, the use of renewable energy has grown considerably over the last two decades, having partially replaced fossil fuels in many areas such as electricity generation. Such a broad commitment to this kind of energy can only be explained by the significant and growing benefits associated with this type of technology in three key areas: environment, security of energy supply and economic development. These new energy sources not only contribute to reducing emissions of greenhouse gases - given its renewable nature - but also improve security of supply, as they use domestic energy sources. In addition, renewable energies are key to economic and social development, encouraging innovation and the creation of high added value jobs. Nevertheless, the rapid deployment of renewable energy already poses challenges for the electricity system in particular, which needs to adapt to increasingly decentralised and variable renewable generation. From the perspective of electrical systems and their operation, the problem to be solved is how to integrate generation from renewable sources into the system when availability is random, freely located and taken into account that when faced with unstable conditions disconnects itself from its own electrical system, forcing the rest of the generation to increase its share in real time to ensure the permanent balance between supply and demand called for by any electrical system for proper operation. This Thesis aims to take a close look at the current design of the electricity market and the economic impact of renewable energy on the final price of electricity paid by consumers, paying particular attention to adjustment markets, essential for the development and deployment of renewable energy.
Gowrisankaran, Gautam, Stanley Reynolds, and Mario Samano. "Intermittency and the Value of Renewable Energy." UNIV CHICAGO PRESS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621533.
Ruthberg, Richard, and Sebastian Wogenius. "Stochastic Modeling of Electricity Prices and the Impact on Balancing Power Investments." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-192111.
I takt med att fler intermittenta förnyelsebara energikällor tillför el i dagens energisystem, blir också balanskraftens roll i dessa system allt viktigare. Vidare så har en ökning av andelen intermittenta förnyelsebara energikällor även effekten att de bidrar till lägre men också mer volatila elpriser. Därmed är även investeringar i balanskraft kopplade till stora risker med avseende på förväntade vinster, vilket gör att en god representation av elpriser är central vid investeringsbeslut. Vi föreslår en stokastisk flerfaktormodell för att simulera den långsiktiga dynamiken i elpriser som bas för värdering av generatortillgångar. Mer specifikt används modellen till att utvärdera effekten av elprisers dynamik på investeringsbeslut med avseende på balanskraft, där ett kraftvärmeverk studeras i detalj. Eftersom huvudmålet med ramverket är att skapa en långsiktig representation av elpriser så att deras fördelningsmässiga karakteristika bevaras, vilket i litteraturen citeras som regression mot medelvärde, säsongsvariationer, hög volatilitet och spikar, så utvärderas modellen i termer av årlig prisvaraktighet som beskriver fördelningen av elpriser över tid. Kärnan i ramverket utgår från Pilipovic-modellen av råvarupriser, men där vi utvecklar antaganden i ett flerfaktorramverk genom att lägga till en länkfunktion till tillgång- och efterfrågan på el samt utomhustemperatur. Vid användande av modellen som ett sätt att representera framtida priser, fås en maximal över- och underprediktion av prisvaraktighet om 9 procent, ett resultat som är bättre än det som ges av enklare modellering såsom säsongsprofiler eller enkla medelvärdesestimat som inte tar hänsyn till elprisernas fulla karakteristika. Till sist visar vi med modellens olika komponenter att variationer i elpriser, och därmed antaganden som används i långsiktig modellering, har stor betydelse med avseende på investeringsbeslut i balanskraft. Det realiserade värdet av flexibiliteten att producera el för ett kraftvärmeverk beräknas, vilket ger en värdering nära faktiska realiserade värden baserade på historiska priser och som enklare modeller inte kan konkurrera med. Slutligen visar detta också att inkluderandet av icke-konstant volatilitet och spikkarakteristika i investeringsbeslut ger ett högre förväntat värde av tillgångar som kan producera balanskraft, såsom kraftvärmeverk.
Eriksson, Pernilla, and Martin Sundell. "EXPLORING MARKET FORCES FOR TRANSMISSION EXPANSION AND GRID STORAGE INTEGRATION : A technical-economic thesis about variation moderators for intermittent renewable power generation in the developed country of Sweden and the developing country of China." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-28560.
Naziri, Moghaddam Iman. "Optimal Sizing and Operation of Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate Intermittency of Renewable Energy Resources." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10791200.
Increased share of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in the generation mix requires higher flexibility in power system resources. The intermittent nature of the RES calls for higher reserves in power systems to smooth out the unpredictable power fluctuations. Grid-tied energy storage systems are practical solutions to facilitate the massive integration of RES. The deployment of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) on the power grids is experiencing a significant growth in recent years. Thanks to intensive research and development in battery chemistry and power conversion systems, BESS costs are reducing. However, much more advancements in battery manufacturing as well as additional incentives from the market side are still needed to make BESS a more cost-effective solution. Planning and operation of the BESS significantly influence its profitability. It is quite important to find optimal sizes of batteries and inverters. Sizing of the BESS for two different applications is addressed in this work. In the first application, the BESS is co-located with Pumped Storage Hydro (PSH) to meet the Day-Ahead (DA) schedule of wind generation. In the second application, a method for BESS sizing in the presence of PV-induced ramp rate limits is proposed. In this thesis, two methods based on Receding Horizon Control (RHC) for the optimal operation of the BESS are introduced. A co-located BESS and wind farm is considered in both methods. In one method, electricity market participation is not considered, and the goal is solely meeting the DA schedule utilizing the BESS. A novel predictive control method is proposed in this part and the efficiency of the method is evaluated through long-run simulations using actual historical wind power.
In the second scenario, market participation of the BESS is taken into account. The deviation from the DA schedule can be compensated through the BESS, or by purchasing power from the real-time electricity market. The optimization problem based on physical and operational constraints is developed. The problem is solved through an RHC scheme while using updated wind power and electricity price forecasts. In this thesis, a Ridge-regression forecast model for electricity price and an ARIMA forecast model for wind power are developed. Simulation results using actual historical data for wind power and electricity price demonstrate that the proposed algorithm increases the average daily profit. In order to evaluate the impact of the BESS lifetime and price on average daily profit, different scenarios are defined and simulated. Although they increase the complexity of the problem, much more realistic result might be obtained when all details and constraints are considered.
Lönnberg, Joakim. "Short-term regulating capacity and operational patterns of The Lule River with large wind power penetration." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Elektricitetslära, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230972.
Granado, Pedro Crespo del. "The value of energy storage from intermittent renewables : an end user perspectives in Smart Grids." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.732707.
Kopička, Marek. "Alternativní zdroje energie a jejich integrace do konceptu Smart Grids." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219413.
Nydahl, Helena, and Annica Marmolin. "Smarta elnät med fokus på energilager; en lösning till hållbar tryckluftsförsörjning inom industrin : Simulering och optimering av energilager för utjämning av intermittenta energikällor." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37060.
The world’s energy demand is expected to increase and at the same time the environmental requirements are becoming stricter. To deal with the climate change and the greenhouse gas emissions, the use of fossil fuel need to decrease, while the energy efficiency and renewable energy production must increase. A greater share of intermittent renewable energy on the electricity market entails challenges. If there is no need for electricity when the wind is blowing or when the sun is shining the electricity is lost, this leads to production and consumption of electricity must occur simultaneously. To expand the renewable energy and make it more efficient, society must develop a smart grid. There are different opinions about what it takes to create smart grids, but electrical energy storage, EES, reappears frequently in the literature. There are even scientists who believe that investment in intermittent renewable energy sources is not an option unless energy can be stored. Compressed air energy storage is a technique that uses compressed air to store energy until there is a demand. The Swedish industry accounts for over a third of total energy consumption in the country. Over 90 % of the all manufacturing industry uses compressed air. There are big and small users of compressed air depending on the industry. In this study, an international status description is given in the development of smart grids with a focus on electrical energy storage systems. The aim of this study is to be an information carrier that creates discussion and new ideas. The international status description is based on field visits, literature surveys and interviews. The results from the international status description shows that interest in electric energy storage systems is increasing since it is a central part in the development of smart grids. Between 2011 and 2013 the investments increased in electrical energy storage with 521 %. One reason for this increase is the international trend of micro grids and small decentralized power plants. With the increased demand for energy storage, new energy storage systems are created and existing systems evolve. The purpose of the study is also to examine if energy storage is a solution for a sustainable supply of compressed air in the industry. The goal is to design a compressed air system consisting of wind turbines and energy storage with a certain volume and maximum pressure, for a large and a small compressed air consumer. The study will also determine the cost saving for the big users is an optimized through arbitrage. The design is based on simulations in Simulink and the optimization is done in MATLAB. The selected compressed air system for the large consumer is based on one wind turbine, energy storage of 200 m3 with a maximum pressure of 10 bar. The coverage ratio, i.e. the proportion of the air need that is covered by wind energy with energy storage, is 26 %. An investment in this system would give reduced energy consumption by 48 % leading to a cost reduction of about 1.2 million SEK and a reduced environmental impact equivalent to 532 tons of CO2-equivalents. The generator then has an efficiency of 85 %, and the compressor has 90 %. The selected compressed air system for the smaller consumer achieves a coverage rate of 61 % with the following dimensions; one windmill, energy storage of 20 m3 and maximum pressure of 30 bar. An investment in this system would give a reduced energy consumption by 93 %, leading to a cost reduction of about 26 000 SEK and a reduced environmental impact equivalent to 10.7 ton of CO2 equivalents. The difference between a windmill and a wind turbine is that the windmill does not produce electricity instead it uses kinetic energy directly. A system consisting of energy storage driven by energy from the wind is more suited for smaller air requirements where it is possible to achieve greater coverage. The transition to smart grids is necessary to be able to meet all aspects of sustainable development. There is no part of smart grids that is more important. Sustainable use of compressed air in industry is a part of smart grids and to make it possible energy storage is crucial. The international status description shows that there is a growing international interest in EES but there isn’t one EES alone that will solve the integration of renewable energy. The techniques for energy storage are existing today and are growing tomorrow.
Kunz, Friedrich [Verfasser], Dominik [Akademischer Betreuer] Möst, and Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] Thum. "Managing Congestion and Intermittent Renewable Generation in Liberalized Electricity Markets / Friedrich Kunz. Gutachter: Dominik Möst ; Marcel Thum. Betreuer: Dominik Möst." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2015. http://d-nb.info/107512378X/34.
Kunz, Friedrich [Verfasser], Dominik [Akademischer Betreuer] Möst, and Marcel [Akademischer Betreuer] Thum. "Managing Congestion and Intermittent Renewable Generation in Liberalized Electricity Markets / Friedrich Kunz. Gutachter: Dominik Möst ; Marcel Thum. Betreuer: Dominik Möst." Dresden : Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1068444193/34.
Clerjon, Arthur. "Analyse et modélisation des impacts du développement des énergies renouvelables intermittentes sur le système électrique Français : Etude du potentiel du stockage de l’électricité, et de la complémentarité avec la chaleur." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021GRALI022.
France aims to massively develop intermittent renewable energies --- wind and photovoltaic --- while reducing the share of dispatchable sources, in this case, nuclear power. This paradigm shift implies rethinking the management of energy systems. Indeed, renewables' variable nature generates a need for flexibility on different time-scales, from day to year. As dispatchable means' flexibility can no longer be relied on, this thesis questions the potential of other means to meet this need: electricity storage, oversized production and heating networks.Faced with the need for a systemic approach, we developed simple models to enhance the understanding of the interdependencies between production and storage. The optimized indicators are economic (€), but also environmental: embodied energy and greenhouse gas emissions over the entire life cycle. The performances of the systems considered are those of today and their development is limited by resource and space availability. Without going into the precise details of how each technology works, this physical approach points out optimal operation areas for the different technologies and the difficult cases for which solutions are still lacking.First, the need for flexibility generated for different intermittency penetration rates is quantified for several time scales. It enables us to compare the potential of different electricity storage technologies --- at each of these scales --- to bring production and consumption in phase. The results show that long time-scales --- typically seasonal storage --- require the largest investments for low profitability. The competition mechanisms between several storages and oversizing are then analyzed. It shows how the optimum solutions use complementary flexibility means. The study then addresses the potential of coupling between the electrical grid and the heating grid as a means of flexibility, particularly for the management of long-term needs.This thesis work focuses on the French scale, although the methodology is applicable elsewhere
Bridier, Laurent. "Modélisation et optimisation d'un système de stockage couplé à une production électrique renouvelable intermittente." Thesis, La Réunion, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LARE0038/document.
This thesis aims at presenting an optimal management and sizing of an Energy Storage System (ESS) paired up with Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources (IReN). Firstly, wedeveloped a technico-economic model of the system which is associated with three typical scenarios of utility grid power supply: hourly smoothing based on a one-day-ahead forecast (S1), guaranteed power supply (S2) and combined scenarios (S3). This model takes the form of a large-scale non-linear optimization program. Secondly, four heuristic strategies are assessed and lead to an optimized management of the power output with storage according to the reliability, productivity, efficiency and profitability criteria. This ESS optimized management is called “Adaptive Storage Operation” (ASO). When compared to a mixed integer linear program (MILP), this optimized operation that is practicable under operational conditions gives rapidly near-optimal results. Finally, we use the ASO in ESS optimal sizing for each renewable energy: wind, wave and solar (PV). We determine the minimal sizing that complies with each scenario, by inferring the failure rate, the viable feed-in tariff of the energy, and the corresponding compliant, lost or missing energies. We also perform sensitivity analysis which highlights the importance of the ESS efficiency and of the forecasting accuracy and the strong influence of the hybridization of renewables on ESS technico-economic sizing
Dutrieux, Héloïse. "Méthodes pour la planification pluriannuelle des réseaux de distribution. Application à l'analyse technico-économique des solutions d'intégration des énergies renouvelables intermittentes." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ECLI0021/document.
The integration of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) into the distribution networks may require network reinforcements that can be expensive and take time. Different alternative solutions can limit the amount of work to be carried out and thus reduce their cost and/or duration. The use of such solutions requires modifying the network planning methods so as to analyze their techno-economic impacts. This research aims to provide a suitable framework for the study of RES-integration solutions using novel methods for the multi-year planning of distribution networks. Compared to the state of the art, the proposed approach provides the advantage of assessing the performance of these solutions in the medium/long run by considering: 1) the behavior of the distribution system operator, which is modeled as a multi-variable planning strategy, 2) the interactions between medium- and low-voltage networks, and 3) the uncertainties on the arrival of new RES. These three points could have been addressed by applying methods of reducing computation time to the multi-year estimation of the electrical network state. The potential of the proposed approach is illustrated through the techno-economic analysis of several planning strategies including traditional solutions and/or generation curtailment. The research concludes with a first contribution to the planning strategy optimization by taking into account the uncertainties on the arrival of new RES
Saulich, Sven. "Generic design and investigation of solar cooling systems." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13627.
Rama, Venkat Siddhartha. "Optimization Study of a Combined Wind-Solar Farm for a Specified Demand." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1592391472670774.
Allard, Stéphane. "Enjeux de flexibilité liés au développement des infrastructures réseaux pour l'intégration massive des énergies renouvelables variables dans le système électrique à l’horizon 2100." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAT101/document.
The power system is facing a major shift with the large-scale development of variable renewable energy sources (VRES). This vertical and centralized architecture helped the system to be robust and reliable. However, VRES production is intermittent and less predictable. As a result, the system needs to add more flexibility with new options such as Demand Side Management, storage technologies and VREs curtailment. But renewable energies potentials are unevenly distributed in Europe and, with high shares of VREs, power flows exchanges will increase between specific regions. As a result, the existing transmission grid would face congestions and these flexibility options might not be sufficient to alleviate these bottlenecks. To analyse these impacts, the work carried in this thesis uses the long-term energy model POLES (Prospective Outlook on Long-term Energy Systems) coupled with the new European power sector module EUTGRID (EUropean – Transmission Grid Investment and Dispatch). It includes a detailed transmission grid and more realistic power flows with a DC-OPF. A grid investment mechanism is also incorporated to determine the grid investments based on nodal prices. This new coupling permits to get a dynamic evolution of the transmission grid. The role of the transmission grid is being assessed and compared with other flexibility options. The grid investments increase largely with important development of VRES while other flexibility options cannot completely replace them. Finally, an exploratory work is being carried with the introduction of generic distribution grids (urban, semi-urban and urban) in EUTGRID. The results show that the reinforcements are slightly delayed with a greater use of back-up technologies which increases the total emissions
Teleke, Sercan. "Control methods for energy storage for dispatching intermittent renewable energy sources." 2009. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11022009-151719/unrestricted/etd.pdf.
Pirnia, Mehrdad. "Stochastic Modeling and Analysis of Power Systems with Intermittent Energy Sources." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/8251.
Baumann, Manuel Johann. "Battery storage systems as balancing option in intermittent renewable energy systems - A transdisciplinary approach under the frame of Constructive Technology Assessment." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/31566.
Nunes, Rui Jorge Passos Lopes. "Planeamento de Sistemas de Energia 100% Renováveis." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83419.
A integração de fontes renováveis no sector elétrico é uma realidade na maioria dos países europeus. O tema assume uma grande importância no sentido em que permite o aproveitamento dos próprios recursos energéticos, diminuindo a necessidade de matérias primas importadas, cuja utilização é responsável por problemas ambientais. No entanto, a intermitência das fontes renováveis obriga a um planeamento da sua implementação, de forma a avaliar o seu potencial, mas também as alternativas para os períodos de geração mais reduzida. A presente dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Eletrotécnica e de Computadores, na área de especialização de Energia, tem como objetivo o estudo do planeamento de Sistemas de Energia Elétrica 100% renováveis. Para tal, foi realizada uma simulação fiel do Sistema Elétrico de Portugal Continental no ano de 2016. Tal serviu de base para a elaboração de cenários futuros, até ao ano de 2040, tendo em conta previsões relacionadas com o aumento da produção de origem renovável e da diminuição da produção proveniente de combustíveis fósseis. Os cenários elaborados tiveram em conta as características específicas do Sistema Elétrico Português, tanto no que diz respeito à aposta em tecnologias renováveis especificas e vistas com maior potencial de desenvolvimento, mas também às limitações impostas pelas condições geográficas do país e pela inviabilidade do investimento em outras tecnologias que já estão a atingir o seu potencial máximo aproveitável. A ferramenta utilizada durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho foi o EnergyPLAN, um software de simulação de sistemas de energia que assegura a sua avaliação com base na distribuição do consumo e da disponibilidade das fontes renováveis intermitentes, permitindo avaliar com detalhe as evoluções dos sistemas simulados. O trabalho visa sobretudo uma análise técnica a longo prazo com base nos problemas que resultam da intermitência das fontes renováveis consideradas, que originam períodos de escassa geração e outros de geração em excesso, e na forma como o Sistema Elétrico será capaz de lidar com os mesmos para a garantir a sua fiabilidade. É avaliada a possibilidade da operação de um Sistema Elétrico 100% renovável recorrendo a soluções de armazenamento de energia, nomeadamente a baterias de iões de lítio, de forma a assegurar a fiabilidade do sistema. Concluiu-se que tal é tecnicamente possível, mas que não é economicamente viável.
The integration of renewable energy sources in the electricity sector is a reality in most European countries. The subject becomes very important since it allows the use of internal energy resources, reducing the need of imported fuels that are responsible for environmental problems. However, the intermittence of renewable energy sources requires the planning of its implementation in order to evaluate its potential, as well as alternatives for periods with low generation levels. This Master thesis in Electrical and Computer Engineering in the specialization of Energy aims to study the planning of 100% renewable energy systems. For this purpose, a simulation for the mainland Portuguese electricity system in 2016 was developed. Such simulation was used as starting point for the development of future scenarios, until 2040, considering forecasts related with the increase of renewable energy generation and decrease of fossil fuels based generation. The developed scenarios take into consideration the specific characteristics of the Portuguese Electric System, considering not only the focus on specific renewable technologies with larger potential for development, but also the limitations imposed by the geographical conditions of the country and the inviability of the investment in technologies already reaching its maximum usable potential. The tool used during the development of this work was EnergyPLAN, a software for the simulation of energy systems that ensures its assessment based on the distribution of the consumption and the availability of the intermittent renewable sources, allowing to observe in detail the evolutions of the simulated systems. The work mainly aims to present a long-term technical analysis based on the problems created by the intermittency of the considered renewable generation sources, that result in periods with lack or surplus generation, and in the way how the Electrical System will be able to deal with such problems to ensure its reliability. The possibility of operating a 100% Renewable Electric system is evaluated using energy storage solutions, in particular lithium ion batteries. It was concluded that such option is technically possible, but not cost-effective.
Flora, Rui Manuel Calado. "Intermittency, backup and overcapacity in wind energy: evidence from european countries." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2936.
Neste estudo, o excesso de capacidade instalada de energia eólica é analisado através de técnicas de dados em painel para um conjunto de 19 países Europeus entre os anos 1998 e 2009. Controlamos para o efeito das fontes convencionais de produção de energia eléctrica, nomeadamente o carvão e gás que são utilizados para backup na produção de electricidade quando o vento não é suficiente e a procura tem de ser satisfeita. Controlamos também para o efeito das energias renováveis. Os resultados sugerem que o crescimento de instalação de energia eólica e a densidade populacional contribuem para o aumento do excesso de capacidade de energia eólica. Por outro lado é também medido o efeito do total de políticas energéticas tomadas a nível europeu no âmbito de objectivos energéticos a longo prazo. Contribuímos para o debate sobre a intermitência das renováveis, dando luz sobre este tema e sugerindo possíveis soluções para lidar com o consequente problema do excesso de capacidade.
Ferreira, João António Alves. "Análise técnica e económica de tecnologias de armazenamento de energia elétrica para a integração em larga escala de geração renovável intermitente." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83049.
Renewable energies are the obvious option to ensure a sustainable future. The wide availability and diversity of natural energy resources allows the development of flexible generation technologies adapted to the needs of electric power systems. In Portugal, the potential of wind, solar and hydro power enable an energy future mainly based on renewable energy. However, changing from predictable and easily controllable fossil energy systems, to systems that use natural energy sources has a strong impact on the generated energy profile. Inconstant levels of generation, difficulties to match the consumption levels, and difficulty in ensuring a correct management of the systems are only some of the problems inherent to this type of renewable intermittent energy. Among the different solutions that reduce these problems, the use of an operating reserve by large-scale storage systems produce the best results. By storing excess energy and discharging when necessary, these grid-connected systems can smooth the load diagrams, reduce imported energy values, and avoid the use of environmentally harmful energy sources. Following an analysis of the technical specifications of the currently known systems, were chosen the 4 most suitable systems for use with intermittent power generation were selected. The systems selected were compress air energy storage (CAES), conventional lithium ion batteries (Li-ion), sodium-sulfur (NaS) batteries and Vanadium redox (VRB) flow batteries.In this dissertation, an algorithm was created in Matlab® able to simulate the impact caused by each of the storage system on the load diagrams of the preselected case studies. After obtaining the results using the algorithm, a technical and economic analysis of the energy exchanges and energy costs for each of the systems was done. At the end, an analysis of the systems that provide energy at a lower cost and with greater efficiency to solve problems related to intermittent power generation is done.
As energias renováveis são a melhor opção para garantir um futuro sustentável. A grande disponibilidade e diversidade de fontes de energias naturais levou ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias de geração flexíveis adaptadas às necessidades dos sistemas de energia elétrica. Em Portugal, o potencial da energia eólica, solar e hídrica permitem um futuro energético maioritariamente baseado em energias renováveis.No entanto, a mudança de sistemas de geração fóssil previsível e facilmente controlável para sistemas de geração dependentes de fontes de energia naturais variáveis tem um forte impacto no perfil da energia gerada. Níveis de geração inconstantes, incapacidade de garantir os níveis de energia consumida, e dificuldade em realizar uma correta gestão dos sistemas são apenas alguns dos problemas inerentes a este tipo de energia renovável intermitente. De entre as diferentes soluções existentes que permitem atenuar os problemas referidos, a utilização de reserva operacional baseada em sistemas de armazenamento de larga escala é a que apresenta melhores resultados. Armazenando energia em excesso e descarregando quando necessário, estes sistemas interligados com a rede elétrica permitem suavizar os diagramas de carga, reduzir os valores de energia importada e evitar a utilização de fontes de energia nocivas para o ambiente. Após uma análise das especificações técnicas dos sistemas atualmente conhecidos, foram selecionados os 4 sistemas mais adequados para a utilização com geração de energia intermitente, nomeadamente sistemas de armazenamento de comprimido, de baterias convencionais de iões de lítio, de baterias de sódio-enxofre e de baterias de fluxo de redox de vanádio.Para esta dissertação foi criado um algoritmo em Matlab® capaz de simular as variações causadas por cada um do sistema de armazenamento nos diagramas de carga de casos de estudo selecionados. Após obtenção dos resultados através do algoritmo, foi realizada uma análise técnica e económica das trocas de energia e dos custos de energia de cada um dos sistemas com a rede ao longo de um ano. No final foram apresentados quais os sistemas que fornecem energia a um custo mais reduzido e mais adequados para a resolução dos problemas relacionados com a geração de energia intermitência.
Gertrudes, Ricardo Filipe Dias. "Impactos da Variabilidade do Vento na Integração de Energia Eólica no Sistema Elétrico Nacional." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/92285.
Nos dias que correm o tema, energias renováveis, é um assunto cada vez mais abordado na comunidade científica devido a avanços tecnológicos e aos possíveis benefícios que a integração destas na rede acarretam para todo o mundo, principalmente para o ambiente. Estas surgem como uma possível solução para as fontes de energia não renováveis, de carácter finito à escala humana e extremamente poluentes, como é o caso das centrais a carvão. Neste enquadramento, e devido à elevada aposta de Portugal em energia eólica, surgiu como tema da dissertação estudar o impacto que a variabilidade do vento trás para as produções de energia, e ainda como é que a intermitência eólica pode ser combatida de forma a minimizar problemas para o Sistema Elétrico Nacional (SEN). Numa primeira fase foi abordado o estado das energias renováveis na Europa, mais especificamente da eólica, seu surgimento e evolução das tecnologias existentes, quais os problemas associados à sua integração e ainda métodos de compensação das curvas típicas de produção eólica. Numa segunda fase foi abordado o caso de estudo, isto é, a composição do SEN, qual o estado de integração de energia eólica em Portugal, inclusive a distribuição dos parques eólicos no continente e ilhas, e tarifas energéticas associadas. Por fim, recorrendo a dados de produção eólica fornecidos pela Redes Energéticas Nacionais foram desenvolvidos diversos indicadores de forma a facilitar uma melhor compreensão de como a variabilidade do vento afeta as produções eólicas a curto, médio e longo prazo, quais as suas implicações para as satisfações de carga e por último como estas variações podem ser combatidas recorrendo ao uso de energia solar como fonte complementar, bem como outros métodos de previsão.
Nowadays the theme, renewable energies, is a subject increasingly addressed in the scientific community due to technological advances and the possible benefits that the integration of these in the network bring for the world, mainly for the environment. These appear as a possible solution for non-renewable energy sources, which are finite on a human scale and extremely polluting, such as coal-fired power plants. In this context, and due to Portugal's high investment in wind energy, the theme of the dissertation was to study the impact that wind variability brings to energy production, and also how wind intermittency can be combated in order to minimize problems for the National Electrical System (SEN). In a first phase, was presented the state of renewable energies in Europe, more specifically of wind power, its emergence and evolution of existing technologies, which are the problems associated with its integration and also methods of compensating typical wind production curves. In a second phase, the study case was approached, that is, the composition of the SEN, the state of integration of wind energy in Portugal, including the distribution of wind farms in the continent and islands and associated energy fares. Finally, using wind production data provided by Redes Energéticas Nacionais, several indicators were developed in order to facilitate a better understanding of how wind variability affects wind production in the short, medium and long term, what are its implications for load demand response and finally how these variations can be combated by using solar energy as a complementary source, as well as better forecasting methods.
Ferreira, Pedro Cardoso de Lemos. "Requisitos de Flexibilidade para a Integração em Larga Escala de Energia Solar Fotovoltaica." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/87974.
A transição energética dos combustíveis fósseis para as energias renováveis é o grande desafio do século XXI e a energia solar fotovoltaica assume um papel fundamental para a garantir. Os avanços tecnológicos estão a permitir tornar cada vez mais rentável a energia solar fotovoltaica, pelo que é expectável um crescimento significativo da sua potencia instalada a nível mundial. Portugal é dos países com maior índice de radiação solar da União Europeia, e apesar da baixa capacidade instalada atual, prevê-se que o fotovoltaico será a fonte com maior crescimento nos próximos anos, podendo no futuro ser a principal fonte de energia do país. Posto isto, a avaliação dos impactos que a penetração da energia solar fotovoltaica em larga escala tem na gestão do sistema electroprodutor torna-se fundamental.A presente dissertação tem por objetivo compreender qual o impacto que o crescimento da energia solar fotovoltaica terá na gestão dos sistemas de energia elétrica e avaliar tecnologias capazes de mitigar a sua variabilidade, nomeadamente tecnologias de armazenamento de energia ou de gestão da procura. Os sistemas de armazenamento permitem assegurar reserva operacional, armazenando o excesso de energia das horas de maior produção e menor procura e descarregar nas horas de ponta dos diagramas de carga. A gestão da procura complementa esta tecnologia reduzindo a necessidade de investimento em baterias de maior capacidade. Analisaram-se cenários futuros com base nas previsões de crescimento da potência instalada do fotovoltaico em Portugal para 2021 (1,6 GW) e 2030 (6 GW), estudou-se os impactos e analisaram-se possíveis soluções. Para o dia referente à primavera o aumento da potência para 6 GW permitiu reduzir em 6,65 GWh a geração a gás natural e evitar a importação de 1,3 GWh. A introdução de uma bateria com capacidade de 1,866 GWh permitiu reduzir em 1317 MWh a importação e em 2952 MWh o excesso de renováveis face ao consumo, correspondendo a 14,78% do referido excesso.Em suma pode-se afirmar que o crescimento da energia solar fotovoltaica e a intermitência da mesma exigem um sistema electroprodutor flexível. Nesse contexto, os sistemas de armazenamento e a gestão da procura são fundamentais para garantir a flexibilidade, mantendo o sistema de energia elétrica em equilíbrio.
The energy transition from fossil fuels to renewable energies is the great challenge of the 21st century and solar photovoltaics plays a key role in it. The technological advances are making solar photovoltaics more profitable, therefore a significant increase in the worldwide installed power is expected. Portugal is one of the countries with the highest solar radiation index in the European Union, despite the current low installed capacity. However, photovoltaic is expected to be the fastest growing source in the coming years and can be the country's main source of energy in the future. Therefore, the assessment of the impacts of the large-scale penetration of photovoltaic power on power generation systems and its management becomes indispensable.The aim of this dissertation is to understand the impact of the growth of photovoltaic power in the management of electrical systems and to evaluate technologies capable of mitigating their variability, namely energy storage or demand-side management technologies. Storage systems can ensure operational reserve, storing the energy surplus in hours of higher generation and lower demand and discharge at periods of high demand. Demand-side management complements this technology by reducing the need for investment in batteries with large capacity.Future scenarios were analyzed based on forecasts for the growth of the installed photovoltaic power in Portugal for 2021 (1.6 GW) and 2030 (6 GW), being studied the impacts and analyzed possible solutions. For the spring day, the increase in power to 6 GW allowed to reduce natural gas generation by 6.65 GWh and to avoid the import of 1.3 GWh. The introduction of a battery with a capacity of 1,866 GWh enabled the reduction of imports by 1317 MWh and the renewable generation surplus of renewables relatively to the consumption by 2952 MWh, corresponding to 14.78% of such surplus.It can be concluded that the growth of photovoltaic power and its intermittence will require a flexible power generation system. In this context, storage systems and demand-side management are critical to ensuring flexibility by keeping the power system in balance.