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Дисертації з теми "Internet des objets – Alimentation en énergie":
Le, Scornec Julien. "Micro-générateurs aéroélectriques flexibles pour l’auto-alimentation de capteurs communicants." Thesis, Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NANT4039.
The advent of the Internet of Things has rendered the ambient energy harvesting a major issue for powering communicating microsystems. In this context, this work focuses on the development of a flexible piezoelectric micro-generator able to convert the mechanical energy from low airflows. The objective is to develop autonomous microsystems, or at least to extend their lifespan with energy harvesting. To harvest ambient energy, the flexible micro-generators are made of 3 μm-thick lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films encapsulated between polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films. The manufacturing process of the micro-generators has been optimized in order to increase their energy efficiency. Both the optimization of the electrode structure and the geometry of the generator made the maximum harvested power increase by a factor of 625. In this work, to characterize the energy harvesting, the micro-generators were excited with different systems (shaker, traction/compression system and wind tunnel). Thus, wind tunnel tests have shown that it was possible to harvest a power of 38 μW at 10 Hz when the generator was subjected to a low airflow (6 m/s). This generator allowed to power a communicating temperature sensor during several measurement/data transmission cycles
Bel-Hadj, Ibrahim. "Conception de micro-générateurs thermoélectriques planaires intégrant une topologie de thermopile 2.5D." Thesis, Université de Lille (2022-....), 2022. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDENGSYS/2022/2022ULILN005.pdf.
The tremendous growth of applications related to recent advances in the Internet of Things (IoT) requires the development of new solutions for harvesting/scavenging the environmental energy to power microsystems. The abundance of heat in our environment allows thermal energy harvesting devices to be one of the solutions. In this work, we have developed a family of planar micro-thermoelectric generators (µTEG), integrating a novel 2.5D thermopile topology periodically folded and distributed on multi-membrane, capable of converting heat directly into useful electrical energy. This thermopile, with high integration density, uses thermocouples based on metallic thermoelectric materials (Chromel and Constantan), electrically associated either in series or in parallel, allowing to reduce drastically the internal electrical resistance of these µTEGs to a few tens of Ohms. A 3D thermal modelling in COMSOL Multiphysics® was used to design the optimal dimensions of the modules so they would deliver the maximum output power. The fabrication of these devices is made by low-cost CMOS-compatible processes, using non-polluting, abundant and environmentally friendly materials. Deep reactive ionic etching (DRIE) of Silicon wafers is used to release membranes with adjustable lengths allowing to adapt the thermal resistance of these µTEGs to their environment. The devices realized in IEMN clean room, have been characterized using specific measurement benches developed for this purpose. The harvesting of one Watt of heat leads to thermo-generated electrical powers of a few hundred microwatts. This ranks these new 2.5D µTEGs among the best state-of-the-art µ-modules using metallic thermoelectrics
Cherifi, Nadir. "Assistance au développement de logiciels embarqués contraints en énergie." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1I036/document.
The designation under the term Internet of Things brings together a vast array of different connected systems.A significant number of these objects do not have a continuous power supply and are therefore supplied with batteries. In addition, we can list multiple use cases where the recharging of the battery is difficult or impossible (e.g. a buried object for structures monitoring). As a result, the energetic aspect represents a primary constraint to be taken into account by the developers when designing the embedded application on the object. The work issue consists in placing energy as a hard resource during the development phase by providing assistance and help to the developers in the management of this complex resource. We propose as a solution a methodology and tools to support the activities of the embedded developer in a constrained energy environment. We assert that the ability to accurately measure and track the energy consumption of a connected object and then correlate it to the underlying software can improve overall energy efficiency by implementing best practices related to use of the different hardware components. To achieve this goal, we base our work on a hardware energy measurement method able of providing accurate consumption figures. We than build an energy profiling and cartography framework of embedded software to help the developer understand the energy behavior of his application
Challal, Yacine. "Sécurité de l'Internet des Objets : vers une approche cognitive et systémique." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00866052.
Djemai, Tanissia. "Placement optimisé de services dans les architectures fog computing et internet of things sous contraintes d'énergie, de QoS et de mobilité." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30019.
The advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) raises various issues, both in terms of the development and deployment of IoT applications in computing infrastructures. Cloud Computing is the most widespread computing infrastructure today. It is based on data centers that communicate with each other and with users via monolithic, inflexible network equipments. The importance of revising this schema has been highlighted in order to meet the challenges of an IoT environment that is heterogeneous, mobile and generates a large amount of data that requires rapid processing. The classic IoT model, in which IoT objects send information via their gateways to the Cloud, which then provides services to the applications, finds extensions in the Fog or Edge approach, which enables services to be brought closer to users by relying on intermediate computing and communication equipments between users and data centers. The Fog Computing architecture allows exploiting the computing and storage! capacities of the network infrastructure, in addition to that of the Cloud, for the deployment of IoT services and thus extending and bringing services closer to IoT objects. However, network equipments are heterogeneous and with low computing capacity, they cover a large geographical area and must cope with the mobility of IoT users. All this adds complexity to the problem of service placement and scheduling in order to optimize various parameters such as energy consumption, different costs related to placement and improving the applications quality of service requirements. The objective of our thesis is to propose IoT service placement strategies in a Fog infrastructure while taking into account the dynamic nature of the environment brought by user mobility, the energy cost of computing infrastructures and the QoS requirements of deployed applications
Horta, José Luis. "Innovative paradigms and architecture for future distribution electricity networks supporting the energy transition." Thesis, Paris, ENST, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ENST0022/document.
Future electricity distribution grids will host an important and growing share of variable renewable energy sources and local storage resources. Moreover, they will face new load structures due for example to the growth of the electric vehicle market. These trends raise the need for new distribution grid architecture and operation paradigms to keep the grid stable and to ensure quality of supply. In addition, these new paradigms will enable the provision of advanced new services. In this thesis we propose a novel architecture capable of fostering collaboration among wholesale market actors, distribution system operators and end customers, to leverage flexible distributed energy resources while respecting distribution system constrains. The architecture is designed for providing innovative residential demand side management services, with a special focus on services enabled by self-consumption at the household and neighborhood level. Following these general objectives, the thesis provides three main contributions. First, based on internet of things and blockchain technology, we propose the building blocks for future distribution grid energy management architectures. Then, focusing on the services enabled by such architectures, we propose hour-ahead markets for the local exchange of renewable energy among households together with dynamic phase allocation mechanism to improve the quality of electricity supply. Finally, we propose a real time control mechanism for the adjustment of market decisions to satisfy distribution system operator constraints
Gléonec, Philip-Dylan. "Design and implementation of power management strategies for long range radio module with energy harvesting." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S017/document.
The advent of the Internet of Things has enabled the roll-out of a multitude of Wireless Sensor Networks. These networks can be used in various fields, such as agriculture, industry or the smart city, where they facilitate fine optimization of processes. These devices are often powered by primary or rechargeable batteries, which limits their battery life. Moreover, it is sometimes not possible or financially viable to change and/or recharge these batteries. A possible solution is to harvest energy from the environment to power these sensors. But these energy sources are unreliable, and the sensor must be able to prevent the complete depletion of its energy storage. In order to adapt its energy consumption, the node can match its quality of service to its energetical capabilities. Thus, the device can continuously operate without any service interruption. This thesis presents the methods used for the conception of a completely autonomous sensor, powered by energy harvesting and communicating through a long range LoRa network. In order to ensure its power supply, a board has been designed to harvest energy from multiple energy sources simultaneously. A power management software module has then been developed to calculate an energy budget the sensor can use, and to choose the best way to spend this budget over one or multiple tasks. This work has enabled the development of an energy autonomous industrial sensor prototype
Bui, Do Hanh Ngan. "Antennes souples imprimables pour la récupération de champs électromagnétiques ambiants." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAT062/document.
Internet-of-Things means a growing development of interconnected objects that are likely to change many services within the industry as well as for the individual. Several barriers, including the energy autonomy of objects or production processes that are economically acceptable and respectful of the planet, hamper current developments. In this context, energy recovery is a widespread theme using a wide range of sources (mechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, etc.). This thesis is oriented towards the recovery of ambient electromagnetic energy. The second characteristic point of this thesis is to focus on flexible and, if possible, recyclable substrates. The challenge is to recover energy from an extremely low ambient electromagnetic field: this concerns the antenna, which must also meet a requirement for flexibility for its future integration with a flexible and deformable object, and the electronics of energy processing.The work of this thesis conducted in three phases.In the first phase, it was the study of the antenna structures compatible with frequency and power received with the energy harvesting application and a physical realization on flexible base (paper, textile, etc.). This phase allowed presenting the different approaches to combining the RF sources.In the second phase, the study on the role of rectifying circuit in the system of recovering wireless energy was presented. Methods for extracting parameters were discussed by separating each element and its roles. Numerous measurements have been conducted to compare different models of the diode, taking into account also the actual impact of the manufacturing process and the measurement process.A third phase allows the optimization of the antenna and electronic assembly (rectenna) for various scenarios and the monitoring of variability to keep the losses of the system at minima. The production of relevant demonstrators, test and characterization were presented
Bissey, Sebastien. "Optimisation du coût de la consommation d'électricité dans l'habitat individuel." Thesis, Tours, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOUR4029.
The work carried out as part of this thesis con'sisted in proposing solutions to optimize the cost of electricity consumption in individual housing. The hardware and software tools proposed here make it possible to estimate both the profitability of an electricity management system and the impact of good and simple daily actions. First, some solutions to save money in the single-family home were compared and evaluated. The electrical energy storage system has been introduced. Storage makes it possible, among other things, to shift electricity consumption from peak to off-peak hours and thus save money. In a second part, the prediction of electricity consumption based on fuzzy logic was introduced in order to use the storage system more efficiently. The profitability of storage systems and smart plugs was studied. In a third and final part, a highly efficient energy converter (above 95%) was introduced. The latter is necessarily bidirectional because the energy must be able to pass from the storage system to the distribution network and vice versa. The harmonic distortion rates of the signals must then be as low as possible (here, less than 8%). The originality of the proposed converter also lies in the simplicity of the necessary digital control circuits. SiC power devices were used to achieve the desired energy efficiency values. These components also increase the switching frequency and thus reduce the size of the filter elements
Antilahy, Herimpitia Tsilavina Chrystelle. "Développement et mise en œuvre d’un mécanisme « 4D-addressing Wakeup radio » pour la réduction de la consommation d’énergie dans les réseaux de capteurs sans fil." Thesis, La Réunion, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LARE0038.
Wireless sensor networks that are suitable for a wide range of applications, represent a promising solution that meets any requirement for continuous monitoring. The energy autonomy of sensor nodes constitutes a vulnerability factor that directly affects their longevity and the capacity of the network to ensure long coverage of the geographical area of interest. Energy consumption management is the only way to increase the lifespan of these networks and to give them a reasonable autonomy. Software solutions proposed through MAC protocols, bring significant improvements to the minimization of the energy expenditure of sensor nodes. They reduce the idle-listening periods which represents the most expensive operation in terms of energy, in the operation of the wireless sensor nodes. However, Focusing lonely on these solutions is not enough to guarantee acceptable longevity. The only way to optimize energy conservation in the WSN is to constantly put each node in low power mode and use a wakeup mechanism through wake-up signals. This involves the use of low-power wake-up circuits that provide channel monitoring, and trigger node wake-up only whenever event of interest occurs. In this context, a significant amount of work has proposed the use of an addressing mechanism (MAC addresses or other binary informations), to allow non-concerned nodes to quickly return to their sleep state. This approach is interesting, but involves a significant energy expenditure, related to address information’s reception and processing at all nodes. The most energy efficient solution would be the use of another type of address. This thesis is part of the context of minimizing the energy consumption of the WSN, using an addressing system that allows sensor nodes to receive and process the wake-up signals, without turning on their main communication module. It is to eliminate the energy expenditure related to the RF module’s activation and the reception of address packets, by exploiting wakeup signals duration. Our solution is based on the hardware characteristics of the microcontroller (IRQ, Timer/Counter) of sensor nodes. It reduces the complexities related to wakeup signals conditioning. Our solution is implemented on a small network. Its evaluations were done experimentally and its energy performance is compared to a conventional wake-up mechanism without addressing,and a conventional scheme based on duty-cycling