Готові списки джерел за темами / Knowledge degradation and loss

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Deng, Weikun, Khanh T. P. Nguyen, Christian Gogu, Jérôme Morio, and Kamal Medjaher. "Physics-informed Lightweight Temporal Convolution Networks for Fault Prognostics Associated to Bearing Stiffness Degradation." PHM Society European Conference 7, no. 1 (June 29, 2022): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phme.2022.v7i1.3365.

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This paper proposes hybrid methods using physics-informed (PI) lightweight Temporal Convolution Neural Network (PITCN) for bearings’ remaining useful life (RUL) prediction under stiffness degradation. It includes three PI hybrid models: a) PI Feature model (PIFM) — constructing physics-informed health indicator (PIHI) to augment the feature space, b) PI Layer model (PILM)—encoding the physics governing equations in a hidden layer, and c) PI Layer Based Loss model (PILLM)—designing PI conflict loss, taking into account the difference before and after integration of the physics input-output relations involved module to the loss function. We simulated 200 different bearing stiffness degradations, using their discrete monitored vibration signals to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. We also investigate their inference process through feature heat map analysis to interpret how the models melt physics knowledge to assist in capturing the degradation trend. The physics knowledge considered in this paper is the dynamic relationship between vibration amplitude and stiffness in a damped forced vibration model. The results show that all three PITCN models effectively capture degradation-related trend information and perform better than the vanilla lightweight TCN. Furthermore, the visualization of the feature channels highlights the important role of physics information in model training. Channels containing physics information demonstrate higher correlation with results as they significantly dominate the heat map compared to other channels.

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Wolfberg, Jeremy, Keerthana Chintalapati, Shunji Tomatsu, and Kyoko Nagao. "Hearing Loss in Mucopolysaccharidoses: Current Knowledge and Future Directions." Diagnostics 10, no. 8 (August 4, 2020): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10080554.

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Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) are a group of lysosomal storage disorders caused by a deficiency of one of the enzymes involved in the degradation of glycosaminoglycans. Hearing loss is a common clinical presentation in MPS. This paper reviews the literature on hearing loss for each of the seven recognized subtypes of MPS. Hearing loss was found to be common in MPS I, II, III, IVA, VI, and VII, and absent from MPS IVB and MPS IX. MPS VI presents primarily with conductive hearing loss, while the other subtypes (MPS I, MPS II, MPS III, MPS IVA, and MPS VII) can present with any type of hearing loss (conductive, sensorineural, or mixed hearing loss). The sensorineural component develops as the disease progresses, but there is no consensus on the etiology of the sensorineural component. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is the most common therapy utilized for MPS, but the effects of ERT on hearing function have been inconclusive. This review highlights a need for more comprehensive and multidisciplinary research on hearing function that includes behavioral testing, objective testing, and temporal bone imaging. This information would allow for better understanding of the progression and etiology of hearing loss. Owing to the prevalence of hearing loss in MPS, early diagnosis of hearing loss and annual comprehensive audiological evaluations are recommended.

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Ayanlade, Ayansina, and Ulrike Proske. "Assessing wetland degradation and loss of ecosystem services in the Niger Delta, Nigeria." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 6 (2016): 828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15066.

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The Niger Delta, being the most extensive freshwater wetland and aquatic ecosystem in West Africa, provides numerous services both to local people and to the West African economy. Ongoing environmental pressure exerted by large-scale oil extraction and illegal timber logging, however, are suspected to have had a substantial impact on the Delta’s ecosystems over the last decades. Knowledge on impact of these activities on the region’s wetlands now or in the past is scarce and patchy. To address this lack of knowledge, this study assesses spatiotemporal changes in two wetlands in the region by using satellite data from 1984 to 2011 and GIS methods. The results show that both wetlands have experienced substantial degradation, particularly with respect to the area of forest lost. Although comprehensive environmental protection laws were introduced in 1988, ecosystem services of up to US$65 million in value were lost over the study period. The introduction of new legislation in 2007, however, is potentially a first step towards a more ‘wise use’ of wetlands in Nigeria.

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Górska, Magdalena, and Dorota Wojtysiak. "Integrin degradation during postmortem cold storage and the level of drip loss in pork." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 6 (2017): 325–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5711.

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Integrins are a family of transmembrane adhesion proteins. An integrin molecule is composed of two subunits called α and β, each of which has a large extracellular domain, a transmembrane fragment, and a short cytoplasmic sequence. The main function of integrin is to bind extracellular matrix proteins and the skeletal muscle cell membrane. In addition, integrin as a membrane receptor is involved in signal transduction and cell response to microenvironmental signals, by relaying information about the structure and composition of the cell environment. Postmortem integrin degradation has been the subject of several studies, mainly in pork, where the mechanisms of postmortem integrin degradation are not completely understood. Therefore, the aim of the study was to present current knowledge on the role of integrin in postmortem drip loss in pork. Research to date has shown that postmortem integrin degradation could contribute to the formation of drip channels between the cell body and cell membrane of muscle fibers, which increases the drip loss from pork.

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Girardin, Patricia, Osvaldo Valeria, and François Girard. "Measuring Spatial and Temporal Gravelled Forest Road Degradation in the Boreal Forest." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030457.

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Degradation of forest roads in Canada has strong negative effects on access to forestlands, together with economic (e.g., increased maintenance costs), environmental (e.g., erosion of materials and subsequent habitat contamination), and social (e.g., use risks) impacts. Maintaining sustainable and safe access to forestland requires a better understanding and knowledge of forest road degradation over time and space. Our study aimed to identify relevant spatiotemporal variables regarding the state of eastern Canadian forest road networks by (1) building predictive models of gravel forest road degradation and assessing effects of the slope, time, loss of the road surface, and road width (field approach), and (2) evaluating the potential of topography, roughness and vegetation indices obtained from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) data and Sentinel-2 optical images to estimate degradation rates (remote sensing approach). The field approach (n = 207 sample plots) confirmed that only four variables were efficient to estimate degradation rates (pseudo-R2 = 0.43 with ±8% error). Simulations that were conducted showed that after about five years without maintenance, the rate of degradation on a road, regardless of its width, increased exponentially, exacerbated by a high slope gradient and loss of road surface. The narrowest roads tended to degrade more rapidly over time. The remote sensing approach performed quite well (pseudo-R2 = 0.34 with ±9% error) in terms of predicting road degradation, giving us the valuable tools to spatialise the state of gravel forest road degradation in eastern Canadian forest. This study provided new knowledge and tools that are critical for maintaining and sustaining access to Canada’s boreal forest territory in both the short- and the long-term.

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N, Arivarasan. "Ecological degradation in Cho. Dharman's novel Sool." International Research Journal of Tamil 4, S-3 (May 3, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/irjt22s31.

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Sool Cho Dharman has registered the lives of Karisal (land) people. It is mainly on how an age gone generation have lived their lif e which is depends on their practical knowledge on nature. He has collected information on how people of the karisal land have worshiped their ancestress in their religious belief system and how they have maintained their ethical values. He has transformed this information into the fictional theme of his novel, Sool. Through this novel one could read how UrulaikKudi people once have lived their lives one with nature. Now they have lost their traditional knowledge, and their life which is very much imbedded in their ethical values. Hence, the novel represents the decadence of ancient way of life with its traditional knowledge system. Subsequently such decadence of living has also lead to destruction of environmental resources such as reservoirs, natural irrigational system and ethnic seeds and trees. Traditional works such as pottery, traditional medicine, palm tree related products and its works, carpentry are also jeopardised by loss of such living. When new foreign breeds of species are introduced here the ethnic breeds are vanished from the face of the earth. Hence, this article tries to showcase the issues and consequences of environmental decadence and the changing social life of karisal people through the novel Sool.

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Prakash Bhuyar, Nurul Aqilah Binti Mohd Tamizi, Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim, Gaanty Pragas Maniam, and Natanamurugaraj Govindan. "Effect of ultraviolet light on the degradation of Low-Density and High-Density Polyethylene characterized by the weight loss and FTIR." Maejo International Journal of Energy and Environmental Communication 1, no. 2 (July 24, 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54279/mijeec.v1i2.244915.

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In this study, the research was made to understand the knowledge widely related to the degradation process of polyethylene polymer. The mode of treatment that involves in the degradation process of polyethylene is physical treatment while the method of degradation used is photo-degradation of UV light. By using the physical treatment of UV irradiation light, it helps by affecting the bonding that holds the polymer together to break and weakens the plastic. From the result obtained in FTIR and SEM analysis, in FTIR spectrum of LDPE shows higher transmittance compared to FTIR spectrum of HDPE both UV-treated for 30 days. This indicates the high transmittance have few bonds to absorb light in the LDPE sample, low transmittance in HDPE sample means has high population of bonds which have vibrational energies corresponding to the incident light. For SEM result, the polyethylene for LDPE plastic sheet shows the best results for degradation and managed to reduce the weight loss at 87.5% compared to HDPE plastic which at 21.6%.

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Cancellieri, Dominique, Valérie Leroy-Cancellieri, Xavier Silvani, and Frédéric Morandini. "New experimental diagnostics in combustion of forest fuels: microscale appreciation for a macroscale approach." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 18, no. 7 (July 16, 2018): 1957–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-1957-2018.

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Abstract. In modelling the wildfire behaviour, good knowledge of the mechanisms and the kinetic parameters controlling the thermal decomposition of forest fuel is of great importance. The kinetic modelling is based on the mass-loss rate, which defines the mass-source term of combustible gases that supply the flames and influences the propagation of wildland fires. In this work, we investigated the thermal degradation of three different fuels using a multi-scale approach. Lab-scale experimental diagnostics such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), use of the cone calorimeter (CC) or Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA) led to valuable results for modelling the thermal degradation of vegetal fuels and allowed several upgrades of pyrolysis models. However, this work remains beyond large-scale conditions of a wildland or forest fire. In an effort to elaborate on the kinetic models under realistic natural fire conditions, a mass-loss device specifically designed for the field scale has been developed. The paper presents primary results gained using this new device, during large-scale experiments of controlled fires. The mass-loss records obtained on a field scale highlight the influence of the chemical composition and the structure of plants. Indeed, two species with similar chemical and morphological characteristics exhibit similar mass-loss rates, whereas the third presents different thermal behaviour. The experimental data collected at a field scale led to a new insight about thermal degradation processes of natural fuel when compared to the kinetic laws established in TGA. These new results provide a global description of the kinetics of degradation of Mediterranean forest fuels. The results led to a proposed thermal degradation mechanism that has also been validated on a larger scale.

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Hazell, Donna. "Frog ecology in modified Australian landscapes: a review." Wildlife Research 30, no. 3 (2003): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr02075.

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Frog decline in Australia has often occurred where habitat is relatively intact. Habitat alteration and loss do, however, threaten many species. Widespread degradation of aquatic and terrestrial systems has occurred since European settlement, with only 6.4% of Australia's landmass reserved for conservation. But what do we know about how frogs use modified Australian landscapes? Do wildlife managers have the information required to ensure that frog habitat is considered in the management and revegetation of these areas? This review examines published Australian research on frogs to determine knowledge on processes of habitat loss and degradation. Literature that informs landscape restoration and revegetation is also examined to determine whether the habitat needs of frogs are considered. While many threats associated with frog habitat loss and change have been identified there is little quantitative information on frog–habitat relationships in modified landscapes, habitat fragmentation or knowledge of the connectivity required between terrestrial and aquatic frog habitat. Without this information frogs have largely been ignored in efforts to revegetate and manage for the conservation of Australian biota outside reserves. Ecological frog research in modified landscapes is required to avoid land-management decisions and conservation strategies based on inappropriate assumptions of how biota respond to landscape change.

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Nasare, Latif Iddrisu, Latifa Abdul Rahman, and Francis Diawuo Darko. "Indigenous knowledge systems for land condition assessment and sustainable land management in the Talensi District, Ghana." Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2023): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.15243/jdmlm.2023.102.4209.

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<p>The quest for sustainable land management has led to the development of modern technologies for land condition assessment and management, but these approaches have often failed in rural contexts due to their high complexity and incompatibility with the socio-economic conditions of land users. Although indigenous systems are known to be accessible, compatible, and economically affordable for rural farmers, less is known about indigenous technologies for the assessment of the land condition and sustainable land management. The present study identified indigenous indicators for the assessment of land degradation and examined indigenous practices for sustainable land management in the Talensi district of the Upper East region of Ghana. The study employed a qualitative approach in which interviews were conducted with sixty farmers in three selected communities of the Talensi district. Generally, land degradation was observed by respondents in the form of soil degradation or loss of vegetative cover. Among indigenous indicators of land degradation, soil erosion emerged as the most frequent indicator (75%), while the proliferation of mining pits (10%) was the least observed indicator. Indigenous practices for sustainable land management in the district include stone bunding, contour ploughing and zero tillage. The most used soil fertility improvement practice identified was crop rotation (47%) while the application of compost/manure occurred as the least (18%) practice. The study recommends that the Ministry of Food and Agriculture incorporate indigenous knowledge and technologies into land management programmes.</p>

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Дисертації з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Klopp, Karl A. "Antenna gain loss and pattern degradation due to transmission through dielectric radomes." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1993. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA267242.

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Slaydon, Sunny Leigh. "Agricultural science students' perceptions and knowledge of hearing loss." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-3095.

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Howard-Jones, Paul Alexander. "Spectral degradation of speech and its relation to the simulation of hearing loss." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.236515.

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Herman, Elizabeth M. "Exploring knowledge loss in the contact center: Key loss areas, contributing factors, and performance metric implications." ScholarWorks, 2009. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/704.

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Knowledge loss, or organizational forgetting, is often overlooked in knowledge management frameworks, yet it costs organizations money, personnel, efficiency, and customer service. The purpose of this mixed model case study was to understand, using a model of forgetting as the conceptual framework, where and why loss occurred and to examine performance implications. An inbound telephone contact center was studied because of prolific changes in that industry regarding knowledge complexity and performance. The researcher interviewed 20 participants, observed 63 calls, and reviewed 3 months of performance data including average handle time, first call resolution percentages, and time spent on after call work. Key research questions addressed areas of loss, contributing factors, and operational impacts. Using theme-based coding and chi-square goodness of fit analyses for the qualitative data coupled with descriptive analyses and frequency distributions for the quantitative data, results showed that loss occurred because of attitudinal resistance to change, unlearning, and lack of organizational standards. Average handle time and first call resolution metrics were negatively impacted. Contributing factors included culture, leadership support, and limited follow-through from lessons learned. Recommendations include establishing a formal disposal process to remove outdated knowledge from knowledge management tools and establishing incentives to encourage employees to contribute knowledge, which can lead to higher staff engagement of those tools and improved customer service. The social change significance is that addressing knowledge loss can promote fiscal sustainability and revenue generation, thereby preventing layoffs or organizational closures.

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Noethen, Daniela [Verfasser]. "Knowledge Transfer in Teams and Its Role for the Prevention of Knowledge Loss / Daniela Noethen." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2012. http://d-nb.info/103462024X/34.

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Chapell, Jodie. "Biopiracy in Peru : tracing biopiracies, theft, loss and traditional knowledge." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.654546.

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This thesis concerns the different ideas, and relationships -to people, plants and knowledge - that -'biopiracy' brings together in Peru. Through assessing different concerns over the use of 'traditional knowledge', the thesis examines the multiple meanings of biopiracy which emerge through particular bundles of relationships. Contribution is made to existing literature concerning indigenous peoples and biodiversity by illustrating the complexity and multiplicity of understandings of 'biopiracy'. The thesis identifies contested meanings of 'biopiracy' and produces a typology of 'biopiracies' through an application ofTsing's (2005) concept of 'friction', and also an analysis of 'biopiracy' as an empirical subject of enquiry in the patent system. In Part One I consider 'biopiracy' and 'traditional knowledge' in international debates, and so establish the main ideological concepts that frame 'global' biopiracy. The thesis explores the plurality of biopiracy by providing nuanced accounts of 'biopirates' and 'traditional knowledge'. Part Two, is an analysis of the work of the Peruvian National Commission Against Biopiracy. This section examines the role of patent searches and of knowledge registers in producing accounts of biopiracy that: reify traditional knowledge, fracture connections with indigenous communities, and that represent the economic interests of the state. The thesis presents a quantitative account of original patent research into 'biopiracy', with an accompanying qualitative analysis that highlights the connections produced - and denied - through 'biopiracy work'. The final section presents ethnographic data from two Amazonian communities - San Francisco de Yarinacocha, and Calleria. This data indicates that particular forms of relationships to people, plants, and knowledge are privileged, as well as cast aside in the mobilisation of 'biopiracy'. Chapter Six presents an analysis of two distinct 'biopiracies': 'Biopiracies of theft' and 'biopiracies of economic opportunity'. These in turn characterise the different, contingent features of 'biopiracy' in Peru.

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Mare, Boussa Tockville <1979&gt. "Physical land degradation and loss of soil fertility: soil structural stability and bio-physical indicators." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6638/.

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This study investigates the changes in soil fertility due to the different aggregate breakdown mechanisms and it analyses their relationships in different soil-plant systems, using physical aggregates behavior and organic matter (OM) changes as indicators. Three case studies were investigated: i) an organic agricultural soil, where a combined method, aimed to couple aggregate stability to nutrients loss, were tested; ii) a soil biosequence, where OM chemical characterisation and fractionation of aggregates on the basis of their physical behaviour were coupled and iii) a soils sequence in different phytoclimatic conditions, where isotopic C signature of separated aggregates was analysed. In agricultural soils the proposed combined method allows to identify that the severity of aggregate breakdown affected the quantity of nutrients lost more than nutrients availability, and that P, K and Mg were the most susceptible elements to water abrasion, while C and N were mainly susceptible to wetting. In the studied Chestnut-Douglas fir biosequence, OM chemical properties affected the relative importance of OM direct and indirect mechanisms (i.e., organic and organic-metallic cements, respectively) involved in aggregate stability and nutrient losses: under Douglas fir, high presence of carboxylate groups enhanced OM-metal interactions and stabilised aggregates; whereas under Chestnut, OM directly acted and fresh, more C-rich OM was preserved. OM direct mechanism seemed to be more efficient in C preservation in aggregates. The 13C natural abundance approach showed that, according to phytoclimatic conditions, stable macroaggregates can form both around partially decomposed OM and by organic-mineral interactions. In topsoils, aggregate resistance enhanced 13C-rich OM preservation, but in subsoils C preservation was due to other mechanisms, likely OM-mineral interactions. The proposed combined approach seems to be useful in the understanding of C and nutrients fate relates to water stresses, and in future research it could provide new insights into the complexity of soil biophysical processes.

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Scott, Meghan Marie. "Westernization in Sub-Saharan Africa: facing loss of culture, knowledge, and environment." Thesis, Montana State University, 2007. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2007/scott/ScottM1207.pdf.

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Call, Benjamin J. "Spatial Ability Degradation in Undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Students During the Winter Semester Break." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7391.

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Spatial ability represents our ability to mentally arrange, rotate, and explore objects in multiple dimensions. This ability has been found to be important for engineers and engineering students. Past research has shown that many interventions can be created to boost an individual’s spatial ability. In fact, past research has indicated that engineering students significantly increase in spatial ability without an intervention while they are enrolled in certain engineering courses. Some researchers have claimed that the spatial ability boosts are permanent after an intervention. However, most researchers do not check the validity of that claim with continued assessment after more than a week past the end of an intervention. Additionally, if engineering education researchers are trying to measure the impact of their separate spatial ability intervention while the participating engineering students are actively enrolled in engineering courses, a confounding variable is introduced as the courses can impact students’ spatial ability. To resolve this, the work presented in this paper reflects research on engineering students’ spatial ability maintenance during the winter break between semesters. It was found that newer students exhibit spatial ability improvement during the break, while older students maintain their spatial ability at the same level. A deeper statistical analysis revealed that there are other factors that play a role in spatial ability changes over the break that are more significant than how far students had progressed in their studies. Those factors include with academic performance, the sex of the students, playing music during the break, and prior life experiences.

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Meadema, Peter Fletcher. "The Influence of Layout on Degradation of the Appalachian Trail." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/85837.

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This research investigates the influence of layout and design on the severity of trail degradation. Previous trail studies have been restricted by relatively small study areas which provide a limited range of environmental conditions and therefore produce findings with limited applicability; this research improves on this limitation by analyzing a representative sample of the Appalachian Trail with significant ecological diversity. Most trail science studies have also focused on a singular form of trail degradation, whereas this study investigates trail soil loss, widening and muddiness, providing a more cohesive analysis and revealing interrelationships between trail degradation processes. ANOVA testing of the mean values of three trail impact indicators for trail transects within several trail layout frameworks confirms the broad relevance of core trail design principles, specifically the sustainability advantages of trails with low grades and side-hill alignments. Findings also reveal the importance of landform grade in determining the susceptibility of trails to degradation and the influence of routing decisions; these relationships have received relatively little attention in the literature. The results also reveal several methodological considerations for trail alignment metrics and trail impact indicators.
Master of Science
Natural surfaced trails are an essential infrastructure component in parks and protected natural areas. They provide transportation routes through otherwise undeveloped areas and outdoor recreation opportunities for hikers, mountain bikers, and equestrians. Over time, recreational use and natural processes such as rainfall can lead to negative ecological impacts that damage trail treads in ways that impair their utility for visitors and require costly repairs. Environmental factors like unstable soils or extreme precipitation can make trails more susceptible to degradation. However, sustainable trail layouts and effective maintenance can reduce the rate and severity of degradation. This research investigates the influence of trail layout on three chief forms of trail degradation: trail soil loss, muddiness, and widening. Many trail science studies have occurred in small protected natural areas where the limited range of represented environmental conditions reduces the applicability of their findings in dissimilar settings. This study investigates a dataset from a large and ecologically diverse representative sample of the entire Appalachian Trail from Georgia to Maine which significantly broadens the relevance of its findings. Furthermore, many previous trail studies have focused on single forms of trail degradation whereas this study which investigates three, which provides a more cohesive analysis and reveals interrelationships between impacts. Findings confirm the broad pertinence of core sustainable trail design principles, specifically the benefits of low trail grades and side-hill alignments, and suggests that landform grade is an important factor which has received little attention in the literature. The study also revealed several methodological improvements and considerations which may be useful to trail scientists and practitioners.

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Книги з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Levi, Isaac. Mild contraction: Evaluating loss of information due to loss of belief. Oxford: Clarendon, 2004.

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Prakash, Nelliyat, and Madras School of Economics, eds. Compensating the loss of ecosystem services due to pollution in Noyyal river basin, Tamil Nadu. Chennai: Madras School of Economics, 2007.

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Klopp, Karl A. Antenna gain loss and pattern degradation due to transmission through dielectric radomes. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1993.

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Gardner, Gary T. Shrinking fields: Cropland loss in a world of eight billion. Edited by Peterson Jane A and Worldwatch Institute. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute, 1996.

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Noss, Reed F. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: A preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995.

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Noss, Reed F. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: A preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995.

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Noss, Reed F. Endangered ecosystems of the United States: A preliminary assessment of loss and degradation. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Biological Service, 1995.

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Marcet, Rick. Win/loss reviews: A new knowledge model for competitive. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2011.

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Zhang, J. C. Theory and practice of soil loss control in Eastern China. New York: Springer, 2011.

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Alexander, Wood, Stedman-Edwards Pamela, Mang Johanna, and World Wide Fund for Nature., eds. The root causes of biodiversity loss. London: Earthscan, 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Fazlollahtabar, Hamed. "Knowledge and Organizational Business Loss." In Knowledge Engineering, 45–54. Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003055006-5.

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Cummings, Kate. "Discovering Loss." In Constructing Knowledge: Curriculum Studies In Action, 9–19. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-250-9_2.

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Cummings, Kate. "Assessing Loss." In Constructing Knowledge: Curriculum Studies In Action, 21–33. Rotterdam: SensePublishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-250-9_3.

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Kudish, Ilya I. "Stress-Induced Lubricant Degradation and Viscosity Loss." In Encyclopedia of Tribology, 3345–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-92897-5_683.

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Huet, Gregory, Christopher A. McMahon, Florence Sellini, Stephen J. Culley, and Clément Fortin. "Knowledge Loss in Design Reviews." In Advances in Integrated Design and Manufacturing in Mechanical Engineering II, 277–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6761-7_19.

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Wagner, Dirk Nicolas. "Graceful Degradation and the Knowledge Worker." In ReThinking Management, 171–89. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-16983-1_9.

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McFarland, Brian Joseph. "The Context of Coral Reef Degradation and Loss." In Conservation of Tropical Coral Reefs, 5–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57012-5_2.

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Maisel, Thomas. "Vormärz, the 1848 Revolution and the Loss of the Old University." In Sites of Knowledge, 121–35. Wien: Böhlau Verlag, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.7767/9783205793939-008.

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Gieryn, Thomas F., and Anne E. Figert. "Scientists Protect their Cognitive Authority: The Status Degradation Ceremony of Sir Cyril Burt." In The Knowledge Society, 67–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4724-5_6.

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Hendriks, Sheryl, Jean-François Soussana, Martin Cole, Andrew Kambugu, and David Zilberman. "Ensuring Access to Safe and Nutritious Food for All Through the Transformation of Food Systems." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 31–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_4.

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AbstractAction Track 1 of the Food Systems Summit offers an opportunity to bring together the crucial elements of food safety, nutrition, poverty and inequalities in the framework of food systems within the context of climate and environmental change to ensure that all people have access to a safe and nutritious diet. Achieving Action Track 1’s goal is essential to achieving the goals of the other Action Tracks. With less than a decade left to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), most countries are not on a course to hit either the World Health Organisation’s nutrition targets or the SDG 2 targets. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated malnutrition and highlighted the need for food safety. The pandemic has also exposed the deep inequalities in both food systems and societies as a whole. Nonetheless, future food systems can address many of these failings and ensure safe and nutritious food for all. However, structural change is necessary to address the socio-economic drivers behind malnutrition, inequalities and the climate and environmental impacts of food. Adopting a whole-system approach in policy, research and monitoring and evaluation is crucial for managing trade-off and externalities from farm-level to national scales and across multiple sectors and agencies. Supply chain failures will need to be overcome and technology solutions adopted and adapted to specific contexts. A transformation of food systems requires coordinating changes in supply and demand in differentiated ways across world regions: bridging yield gaps and improving livestock feed conversion, largely through agro-ecological practices, deploying soil carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas mitigation at scale, and reducing food loss and waste, as well as addressing over-nourishment and shifting the diets of wealthy populations. The sustainability of global food systems also requires halting the expansion of agriculture into fragile ecosystems, while restoring degraded forests, fisheries, rangelands, peatlands and wetlands. Shifting to more sustainable consumption and production patterns within planetary boundaries will require efforts to influence food demand and diets, diversify food systems, and develop careful land-use planning and management. Integrative policies need to ensure that food prices reflect real costs (including major externalities caused by climate change, land degradation and biodiversity loss, and the public health impacts of malnutrition), reduce food waste and, at the same time, ensure the affordability of safe and healthy food and decent incomes and wages for farmers and food system workers. The harnessing of science and technology solutions and the sharing of actionable knowledge with all players in the food system offer many opportunities. Greater coordination of food system stakeholders is crucial for greater inclusion, greater transparency and more accountability. Sharing lessons and experiences will foster adaptive learning and responsive actions. Careful consideration of the trade-offs, externalities and costs of not acting is needed to ensure that the changes we make benefit all, and especially the most vulnerable in society.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Liao, Mengyuan, Toshihiko Hojo, Guijun Xian, Yuqiu Yang, and Hiroyuki Hamada. "Environmental Degradation Behavior of Kenaf Fiber Mat Composite." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-38248.

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Nowadays “eco-design” is becoming a philosophy to guide next generation of materials and products as global environmental issue produced by fossil fuels and resource overusing. With an industrial increasing interest in sustainable, eco-efficient and green material’s application, natural fiber in polymer composite is guided to develop rapidly. As well know that, natural fibers possess advantages over synthetic or manmade fibers due to its abundance, biodegradability, CO2 neutrality, excellent price/performance ratio and comparable specific strength properties. However, outdoor applications of natural fiber composite are still constrained and raising concerns in terms of their durability, including UV resistance, moisture resistance and extreme temperature withstand and dimensional stability. Continuing with previous research on kenaf non-woven reinforced unsaturated polyester composites three months degradation performance, in order to get a good knowledge of its degradation process/cycle in complicated outdoor environments, longer degradation periods up to 6 months and 12 months in this paper were added for further investigation and comparison. Initially, three sets of kenaf fiber mat composite samples were located in extreme cold temperature (Harbin), mild sea climate Kyoto (Japan), subtropical marine monsoon climate Shanghai (China) and tropical monsoon climate Zaria (Nigeria) respectively from the same starting time until predetermined ageing periods, afterwards weight change and mechanical behavior in terms of tensile, flexural, impact and fracture toughness were measured instrumentally for ageing effect discussion and comparison. As expected, the aged specimens in those different positions all showed the dropped mechanical properties with increasing ageing periods. Furthermore, the trend of degradation in various mechanical parameters was established, which demonstrated weight loss made more serious effect on aged sample’s mechanical properties’ reduction than water absorption behavior. In a word, dropped mechanical properties of the degraded composites accompanied with weight change behavior were clarified, in which degradation phenomenon of embrittled the matrix polymer, deteriorated reinforced fiber and interfacial properties were detected.

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Zhao, Yixin, and Sara Behdad. "Electric Vehicle Battery End-Of-Use Recovery Management: Degradation Prediction and Decision Making." In ASME 2022 17th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2022-85536.

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Abstract Electric vehicles (EVs) are spreading rapidly in the market due to their better responsiveness and environmental friendliness. An accurate diagnosis of EV battery status from operational data is necessary to ensure reliability, minimize maintenance costs, and improve sustainability. This paper presents a deep learning approach based on the long short-term memory network (LSTM) to estimate the state of health (SOH) and degradation of lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles without prior knowledge of the complex degradation mechanisms. Our results are demonstrated on the open-source NASA Randomized Battery Usage Dataset with batteries aging under changing operating conditions. The randomized discharge data can better represent practical battery usage. The study provides additional end-of-use suggestions, including continued use, remanufacturing/repurposing, recycling, and disposal; for battery management dependent on the predicted battery status. The suggested replacement point is proposed to avoid a sharp degradation phase of the battery to prevent a significant loss of active material on the electrodes. This facilitates the remanufacturing/repurposing process for the replaced battery, thereby extending the battery’s life for secondary use at a lower cost. The prediction model provides a tool for customers and the battery second use industry to handle their EV battery properly to get the best economy and system reliability compromise.

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Griesbach, Timothy J., Robert E. Nickell, H. T. Tang, and Jeff D. Gilreath. "Aging Management Strategies for Pressurized Water Reactor Vessel Internals." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-3055.

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Management of materials aging effects, such as loss of material, reduction in fracture toughness, or cracking, depends upon the demonstrated capability to detect, evaluate, and potentially correct conditions that could affect function of the internals during the license renewal term. License renewal applicants in their submittals to NRC have identified the general elements of aging management programs for Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) internals, including the use of inservice inspection and monitoring with the possibility of enhancement or augmentation if a relevant condition is discovered. As plants near the license renewal term, plant-specific aging management programs will be implemented focusing on those regions most susceptible to aging degradation. A framework for the implementation of an aging management program is proposed in this paper. This proposed framework is based on current available research results and state of knowledge and utilizes inspections and flaw tolerance evaluations to manage the degradation issues. The important elements of this framework include: • The screening of components for susceptibility to the aging mechanisms, • Performing functionality analyses of the components with representative material toughness properties under PWR conditions, • Evaluating flaw tolerance of lead components or regions of greatest susceptibility to cracking, loss of toughness, or swelling, and • Using focused inspections to demonstrate no loss of integrity in the lead components or regions of the vessel internals. The EPRI Material Reliability Program (MRP) Reactor Internals Issue Task Group (RI-ITG) is actively working to develop the data and methods to quantify an understanding of aging and potential degradation of reactor vessel internals, to develop materials/components performance criteria, and to provide utilities tools for extending plant operations. Under this MRP Program, the technical basis for the framework will be documented. Then, based on that technical basis, PWR internals inspection and flaw evaluation guidelines will be developed for plants to manage reactor internals aging and associated potential degradation.

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Vižintin, Liliana. "Krepitev zmogljivosti skupnosti o vlogi ekosistemskih storitev pri prilagajanju na podnebne spremembe." In Values, Competencies and Changes in Organizations. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-442-2.74.

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Ecosystem services are all goods and benefits that humans obtain from ecosystems. These are essential for human survival, social and economic development. With the impacts of climate change, ecosystem degradation and loss of biodiversity, the efficient and complete provision of ecosystem services is also under threat. The paper presents community capacity building activities on ecosystem services and climate change implemented under the ECO - SMART project (Cooperation program Interreg V-A ItalySlovenia 2014-2020). Since the design of coordinated local climate change adaptation plans of selected pilot Natura 2000 sites in Slovenia and Italy is a project objective, activities aimed at strengthening competences of crossborder local communities and confronting different stakeholder views are of particular importance. The educational needs of the community were identified through a questionnaire. The respondents' knowledge regarding mentioned contents, interest for capacity building and participation in training events were analysed. The results were taken in consideration during design of capacity building activities.

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Liu, Ding, Bihan Wen, Xianming Liu, Zhangyang Wang, and Thomas Huang. "When Image Denoising Meets High-Level Vision Tasks: A Deep Learning Approach." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/117.

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Conventionally, image denoising and high-level vision tasks are handled separately in computer vision. In this paper, we cope with the two jointly and explore the mutual influence between them. First we propose a convolutional neural network for image denoising which achieves the state-of-the-art performance. Second we propose a deep neural network solution that cascades two modules for image denoising and various high-level tasks, respectively, and use the joint loss for updating only the denoising network via back-propagation. We demonstrate that on one hand, the proposed denoiser has the generality to overcome the performance degradation of different high-level vision tasks. On the other hand, with the guidance of high-level vision information, the denoising network can generate more visually appealing results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work investigating the benefit of exploiting image semantics simultaneously for image denoising and high-level vision tasks via deep learning.

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Hura, Harjit S., John Joseph, and Dave E. Halstead. "Reynolds Number Effects in a Low Pressure Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68501.

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This paper reports the results of an experimental and analytical study of Reynolds number (Re) effect on Low Pressure Turbine (LPT) performance. LPTs suffer both a loss in efficiency and flow capacity at altitude due to thicker boundary layers and higher viscous losses. Boundary layer separation can occur in highly loaded and/or high lift designs. The magnitude of the effect is stronger for smaller engines being designed for regional jets which may have cruising altitudes above 50K feet. There is a general lack of knowledge about performance degradation in commercial LPTs under these conditions. A test program was undertaken in a low pressure 3 stage axial turbine to quantify the effect of low Re on efficiency and flow lapse rate. Rig inlet pressures were varied from 0.27E+5 N/m2 (4 psia) to 4.40E+5 N/m2 (65 psia) to achieve over a 15 fold variation in Re. The chord based average Re varied from 30000 to 500000. Efficiency and flow function lapse of over 5% was measured. The fall off was non-linear with a rapid loss occurring at Re below 100000. 3D CFD analysis was conducted in parallel to predict overall performance but also understand loss details within the blade rows. Measured inlet profiles of total pressure, temperature and air angle, and exit static pressure were used as boundary conditions. Leakages and purge flows were modeled as source terms. A turbulence transition model and wall integration grids was used. The CFD results corroborate the test findings on the overall efficiency and flow capacity lapse rate. Analysis of blade row performance at high and low Re shows a sharp increase in profile loss at low Re.

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Zwingenberg, M., B. Dobrzynski, S. Klumpp, K. Werner, and F. K. Benra. "Generation of Gas Turbine Component Maps on Basis of Operational Data." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68776.

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This paper describes how operational data from heavy duty gas turbines can be used for component map generation. The main aspects described are the data evaluation and validation process, the applied degradation correction methodology and the component map generation using calibrated streamline curvature methods for compressor and turbine. The operational data storage system of heavy duty gas turbines can be used, in case the customer agreed to provide the data, for fleet statistics, degradation behavior investigation or component map generation. The update of existing component maps using operational data is mainly necessary for older gas turbines types since the available numerical gas turbine models do not always represent the current state of knowledge. The process of generating component maps based on operational data requires several steps which are explained in detail in this paper. The first step is the data evaluation and validation part. This step is based on a full thermodynamic evaluation including an evaluation of systematic and random uncertainties for all required performance parameters. This generated dataset is then validated using a combination of a Kalman Filter based single fault isolator and a fuzzy logic based multiple fault isolator. A short performance evaluation of this data validation system is given as well. After the validation part the operational dataset is corrected for aging effects regarding compressor and turbine performance in order to get the new and clean component characteristic. Subsequently, a validated and aging corrected high quality database for the component map generation is available. The applied steps as well as a direct comparison for the compressor efficiency prior and post aging correction are displayed. In the following steps, already existing streamline curvature methods (SCM) for compressor and turbine are adapted to the generated dataset using a probabilistic based calibration process. The applied optimization technique is identical for compressor and turbine, but two different approaches for the calibration of the loss modeling have been implemented. The compressor SCM is calibrated with a minimum set of modified loss parameters which are modeled as a function of load. For the turbine, the modifications of the loss coefficients are constant over load. This requires an increased set of loss parameters for calibration compared to the compressor. The calibration results for both components are presented and discussed in detail. The calibrated SCMs can now be used for the component map generation in order to yield high quality component maps in accordance with current fleet experience even for older gas turbine frames.

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Fifield, Leonard S., Robert Duckworth, and Samuel W. Glass. "Long Term Operation Issues for Electrical Cable Systems in Nuclear Power Plants." In 2016 24th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone24-60729.

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Nuclear power plants contain hundreds of kilometers of electrical cables including cables used for power, for instrumentation, and for control. It is essential that safety-related cable systems continue to perform following a design-basis event. Wholesale replacement of electrical cables in existing plants facing licensing period renewal may be both impractical and cost-prohibitive. It is therefore important to understand the long term aging of cable materials to have confidence that aged cables will perform when needed. It is equally important in support of cable aging management to develop methods to evaluate the health of installed cables and inform selective cable replacement decisions. The most common insulation materials for electrical cables in nuclear power plants are cross-linked polyethylene and ethylene-propylene rubber. The mechanical properties of these materials degrade over time in the presence of environmental stresses including heat, gamma irradiation, and moisture. Mechanical degradation of cable insulation beyond a certain threshold is unacceptable because it can lead to insulation cracking, exposure of energized conductors, arcing and burning or loss of the ability of the cable system to function during a design-basis accident. While thermal-, radiation-, and moisture-related degradation of polymer insulation materials has been extensively studied over the last few decades, questions remain regarding the long term performance of cable materials in nuclear plant-specific environments. Identified knowledge gaps include an understanding of the temperature-dependence of activation energies for thermal damage and an understanding of the synergistic effects of radiation and thermal stress on polymer degradation. Many of the outstanding questions in the aging behavior of cable materials relate to the necessity of predicting long-term field degradation using accelerated aging results from the laboratory. Materials degrade faster under more extreme conditions, but extension of behavior to long term degradation under more mild conditions, such as those experienced by most installed cables in nuclear power plants, is complicated by the fact that different degradation mechanisms may be involved in extreme and mild scenarios. The discrepancy in predicted results from short term, more extreme exposure and actual results from longer term, more mild exposures can be counter intuitive. For instance, due to the attenuation of oxidation penetration in material samples rapidly aged through exposure to high temperatures, the bulk of the samples may be artificially protected from thermal aging. In another example, simultaneous exposure of cable insulation material to heat and radiation may actually lead to less damage at higher temperatures than may be observed at lower temperatures. The Light Water Reactor Sustainability program of the United States (US) Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Nuclear Energy is funding research to increase the predictive understanding of electrical cable material aging and degradation in existing nuclear power plants in support of continued safe operation of plants beyond their initial license periods. This research includes the evaluation and development of methods to assess installed cable condition.

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Sutherland, John W., Cecil M. Daniel, Srikanth Vadrevu, and Walter W. Olson. "Evaluating Reuse and Remanufacture Potential Using a Simple Model for Product Value." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0025.

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Abstract Manufacturers around the world are currently evaluating new strategies to effectively utilize resources and enhance their competitiveness in the marketplace. Global concern about the environmental impacts of the manufacture and use of a multitude of products have led manufacturers to consider extensive reuse, remanufacture and recycling of products. Today, manufacturers also face legislation to “take back” their used products. Over the useful life of a product, changes occur in the mean and variance of the performance parameters. A new metric “satisfaction” has been introduced that combines the benefits and losses associated with use of the product. The change in product performance over its useful life is modeled by extending the concepts of loss and benefit over a third dimension — time. An estimate of product value may now be made at any point in the useful life of a product. A knowledge of the value could guide such decisions as the optimum time at which to remanufacture a product. Additionally, the model of product value may facilitate creation of an environmentally friendly product by raising issues such as performance degradation and reusability early in the design stage.

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Greve, Matthew, Marcus S. Dersch, J. Riley Edwards, Christopher P. L. Barkan, Jose Mediavilla, and Brent M. Wilson. "Analysis of the Relationship Between Rail Seat Load Distribution and Rail Seat Deterioration in Concrete Crossties." In 2014 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2014-3775.

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One of the most common failure modes of concrete crossties in North America is the degradation of the concrete surface at the crosstie rail seat, also known as rail seat deterioration (RSD). Loss of material beneath the rail can lead to wide gauge, rail cant deficiency, and an increased risk of rail rollover. Previous research conducted at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) has identified five primary failure mechanisms: abrasion, crushing, freeze-thaw damage, hydro-abrasive erosion, and hydraulic pressure cracking. The magnitude and distribution of load applied to the rail seat affects four of these five mechanisms; therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics of the rail seat load distribution to effectively address RSD. As part of a larger study funded by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) aimed at improving concrete crossties and fastening systems, researchers at UIUC are attempting to characterize the loading environment at the rail seat using matrix-based tactile surface sensors (MBTSS). This instrumentation technology has been implemented in both laboratory and field experimentation, and has provided valuable insight into the distribution of a single load over consecutive crossties. A review of past research into RSD characteristics and failure mechanisms has been conducted to integrate data from field experimentation with existing knowledge, to further explore the role of the rail seat load distribution on RSD. The knowledge gained from this experimentation will be integrated with associated research conducted at UIUC to form the framework for a mechanistic design approach for concrete crossties and fastening systems.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Knowledge degradation and loss"

Hernandez Martinez, Victor, Hans A. Holter, and Roberto B. Pinheiro. The Hedgehog’s Curse: Knowledge Specialization and Displacement Loss. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202231.

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This paper studies the impact of knowledge specialization on earnings losses following displacement. We develop a novel measure of the specialization of human capital, based on how concentrated the knowledge used in an occupation is. Combining our measure with individual labor histories from the NLSY 79-97 and Norway’s LEED, we show that workers with more specialized human capital suffer larger earnings losses following exogenous displacement. A one standard deviation increase in pre-displacement knowledge specialization increases the earnings losses post-displacement by 3 to 4 pp per year in the US, and by 1.5 to 2 pp per year in Norway. In the US, the negative effect of higher pre-displacement knowledge specialization on post-displacement earnings is driven by the negative impact of knowledge specialization on well-paid outside opportunities. By contrast, this association between outside opportunities and knowledge specialization plays no role in post-displacement earnings losses in Norway, where the negative effect of specialization is in part explained by its association with the routine content and the offshoring probability of the occupation.

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Zulkarnain, M. T., C. I. Wijaya, and A. Widayati. Land cover changes, forest loss and degradation in Kutai Barat, Indonesia. World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp14145.pdf.

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Hendren, Nathaniel. Knowledge of Future Job Loss and Implications for Unemployment Insurance. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21819.

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Miyoshi, Hideaki, Hiroyuki Uchida, and Masahiro Watanabe. Evaluation of the performance degradation at PAFC effect of operating conditions on acid loss. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/460210.

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Schwab, Dominik, Janice Weatherley-Singh, Matt Leggett, Leonie Lawrrence, and Arnaud Goessens. WCS Case Studies and Recommendations: Supporting Producer Countries to Halt Deforestation, Forest Degradation and Biodiversity Loss at the Forest Frontier. Wildlife Conservation Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19121/2020.report.39494.

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Wolfe, S. A., H. B. O'Neill, C. Duchesne, D. Froese, J M Young, and S. V. Kokelj. Ground ice degradation and thermokarst terrain formation in Canada over the past 16 000 years. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329668.

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Thermokarst results from thawing of excess ground ice in permafrost sediments. Thermokarst processes and landforms are controlled by ground ice type, amount and distribution, as well as the patterns of ground ice loss over time. Recent acceleration of varied thermokarst processes across diverse Canadian permafrost terrains make for a challenging task in predicting landscape-scale thaw trajectories. Using existing ground ice models, we examined the modelled amounts and spatial extent of ground ice loss relative to ground ice maxima in the last ca. 16 ka BP for relict, segregated and wedge ice. We relate observed thermokarst features to the nature of ground ice development and loss in different environments (cold continuous permafrost, discontinuous permafrost, and no current permafrost). In cold, continuous permafrost areas where ground ice loss has been limited over the last 16 ka BP, thermokarst processes include active layer detachments and slumps in segregated and relict ice, gullying and ponding in ice wedge troughs, and the cyclical development of shallow thermokarst ponds in segregated ice. With ground ice loss in discontinuous permafrost, thermokarst processes are wide-ranging. Slumps, subsidence, and collapse of lithalsas, palsas and peat plateaus occur from thawing of segregated ice, thermokarst ponds from melting wedge and segregated ice, and involuted terrain from melting and creep of relict or segregated ice. In former permafrost terrain, evidence of thermokarst includes former ice wedge polygons, collapsed lithalsas, and irregular hummocky terrain. The relations between modelled ground ice loss and observed thermokarst landscapes assist in understanding present-day processes and in predicting future thermokarst landform evolution with a changing climate.

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Suir, Glenn, and Jacob Berkowitz. Inundation depth and duration impacts on wetland soils and vegetation : state of knowledge. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42146.

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The following synthesizes studies investigating plant and soil responses to increased inundation in order to support ecosystem restoration efforts related to the alteration of natural wetland hydrodynamics. Specific topics include hydrologic regimes, soil response to inundation, and implications for vegetation communities exposed to increased water depths. Results highlight the important interactions between water, soils, and vegetation that determine the trajectory and fate of wetland ecosystems, including the development of feedback loops related to marsh degradation and subsidence. This report then discusses the knowledge gaps related to implications of inundation depth, timing, and duration within an ecosystem restoration context, identifying opportunities for future research while providing source materials for practitioners developing restoration projects.

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Johnson, Marsha. A Study of the Level of Knowledge of Adult Foster Care Home Providers in Multnomah County in the State of Oregon About Hearing Loss, Hearing Aids and Communication Strategies. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7251.

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Nobre, Carlos, Julia Arieira, and Nathália Nascimento. Amazonian Forest: The Products of Agroecological Systems: Considerations about the Natural Forest and Economic Exploitation for its Conservation and How to Develop Sustainable Agroforestry Systems that Induce the Reduction of Deforestation. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003693.

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This study demonstrates that the economic activity of the Amazon's natural forest has great potential yet to be developed when considering Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and those coming from agro-ecosystems (SAFs). Preliminary financial analyzes, in systems that are still incipient, point to a great potential for profitability of these alternative systems compared to traditional activities such as soybean and livestock farming, with the advantage of being conducted without degradation and deforestation, allowing the continuation with the support of the Amazonian ecological system. More research is needed to scale successful cases and more “dialogue” between the models of modern agriculture and the traditional knowledge to reach an integrated natural forest management system.

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Stern, David, and Gadi Schuster. Manipulation of Gene Expression in the Chloroplast. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575289.bard.

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The steady-state level of a given mRNA is determined by its rates of transcription and degradation. The stabilities of chloroplast mRNAs vary during plant development, in part regulating gene expression. Furthermore, the fitness of the organelle depends on its ability to destroy non-functional transcripts. In addition, there is a resurgent interest by the biotechnology community in chloroplast transformation due to the public concerns over pollen transmission of introduced traits or foreign proteins. Therefore, studies into basic gene expression mechanisms in the chloroplast will open the door to take advantage of these opportunities. This project was aimed at gaining mechanistic insights into mRNA processing and degradation in the chloroplast and to engineer transcripts of varying stability in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cells. This research uncovered new and important information on chloroplast mRNA stability, processing, degradation and translation. In particular, the processing of the 3' untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs was shown to be important determinants in translation. The endonucleolytic site in the 3' untranslated region was characterized by site directed mutagensis. RNA polyadenylation has been characterized in the chloroplast of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and chloroplast transformants carrying polyadenylated sequences were constructed and analyzed. Data obtained to date suggest that chloroplasts have gene regulatory mechanisms which are uniquely adapted to their post-endosymbiotic environment, including those that regulate RNA stability. An exciting point has been reached, because molecular genetic studies have defined critical RNA-protein interactions that participate in these processes. However, much remains to be learned about these multiple pathways, how they interact with each other, and how many nuclear genes are consecrated to overseeing them. Chlamydomonas is an ideal model system to extend our understanding of these areas, given its ease of manipulation and the existing knowledge base, some of which we have generated.

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