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Готові списки джерел за темами / Language mechanisms

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Language mechanisms"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 28 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Language mechanisms"

1

kizi, Yakubova Maftuna Shoyim. "Pedagogical Mechanisms ofStudent Socialization Through A Foreign Language." American Journal of Philological Sciences 5, no. 5 (2025): 13–15. https://doi.org/10.37547/ajps/volume05issue05-05.

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Анотація:

The article comprehensively examines the pedagogical, psychological, and sociocultural mechanisms of student socialization through a foreign language. In the process of learning a foreign language, it is highlighted how a person's self-awareness, respect for the culture of others, tolerance and empathy are formed, as wellas how the abilities of social adaptation and integration are developed.

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2

Hut, Suzanne C. A., Päivi Helenius, Alina Leminen, Jyrki P. Mäkelä, and Minna Lehtonen. "Language control mechanisms differ for native languages: Neuromagnetic evidence from trilingual language switching." Neuropsychologia 107 (December 2017): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.11.016.

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3

Kaye, Alan S. "Developmental mechanisms of language." Language Sciences 11, no. 1 (1989): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0388-0001(89)90017-x.

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4

N.N., Zubaydova. "MECHANISMS OF LANGUAGE CHANGE." International journal of advanced research in education, technology and management 2, no. 3 (2023): 303–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7804113.

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Анотація:

The article deals with significant data about mechanisms of language changes. Moreover, some main examples of types of language change and its importance were discussed.                                                                       &nbsp

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5

KROLL, JUDITH F., and KINSEY BICE. "Bimodal bilingualism reveals mechanisms of cross-language interaction." Bilingualism: Language and Cognition 19, no. 2 (2015): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1366728915000449.

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Анотація:

In the recent swell of research on bilingualism and its consequences for the mind and the brain, there has been a warning that we need to remember that not all bilinguals are the same (e.g., Green & Abutalebi, 2013; Kroll & Bialystok, 2013; Luk & Bialystok, 2013). There are bilinguals who acquired two languages in early childhood and have used them continuously throughout their lives, bilinguals who acquired one language early and then switched to another language when they entered school or emigrated from one country to another, and others who only acquired a second language (L2)

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6

Dubisz, Stanisław. "Historia – kultura – język. O mechanizmach rozwoju polszczyzny." Poradnik Językowy, no. 6/2024(815) (August 8, 2024): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33896/porj.2024.6.2.

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Анотація:

Interpreting the myth of the Tower of Babel enables us to capture the general mechanism of language development: an event / experiences / history > cultural changes > linguistic changes, i.e., an extra-linguistic phenomenon > external language changes > internal language changes. Among the most common extralinguistic phenomena are migrations, political events, supernatural and civilization-driven events. External factors affecting language change form an array of four divergent processes along two separate lines: democratization ↔ eliticization; ethnicization ↔ globalization. These

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7

Anisimova, A. T. "EXERIENCES WITH CONGINTIVE MECHANISMS IN TEACHING FOREING LANGUAGE." Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, no. 4 (December 30, 2017): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31775/2305-3100-2017-4-108-112.

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Анотація:

The article describes the experiences of applying cognitive linguistic approach to development of learners foreign language competence. It is suggested that the introduction of new language material should be based on conceptual representations (senses) of language forms rather than on comparability of native and foreign languages. Behind the cognitive approach to teaching foreign language there is a proposition that language is connected with reality or one of the possible realities through interpreting activity of an individual. The author discusses such issues of cognitive science as knowle

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8

Fredrick, Kombe Charo, and Anashia Nancy Ong'onda Dr. "Language maintenance mechanisms of Kigiriama language in Ganze Sub-county, Kilifi County, Kenya." International Journal of Social Science And Human Research 05, no. 02 (2022): 1103–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6393267.

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Анотація:

Global figures and reports by UNESCO indicate that 90% of the world’s languages are endangered. Kigiriama not being a minority language may attract little or no attention in terms of language shift and maintenance investigation. However, in spite Kigiriama having an estimated number of 600, 000 speakers and the trend at the moment is that many of its speakers and especially the youth are shifting to the use of Kiswahili language in many domains raises questions on the concept of language shift and maintenance. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate on language maintenance mechanisms

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9

Pulvermüller, Friedemann, and John H. Schumann. "Neurobiological Mechanisms of Language Acquisition." Language Learning 44, no. 4 (1994): 681–734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1994.tb00635.x.

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10

Hosoda, Chihiro, Takashi Hanakawa, Tadashi Nariai, Kikuo Ohno, and Manabu Honda. "Neural mechanisms of language switch." Journal of Neurolinguistics 25, no. 1 (2012): 44–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2011.08.007.

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Дисертації з теми "Language mechanisms"

1

Arêas, da Luz Fontes Ana B. "Developing lexical competition resolution mechanisms through reading experience." To access this resource online via ProQuest Dissertations and Theses @ UTEP, 2008. http://0-proquest.umi.com.lib.utep.edu/login?COPT=REJTPTU0YmImSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=2515.

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2

Hu, Guiling. "Cognitive Mechanisms Underlying Second Language Listening Comprehension." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2009. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/alesl_diss/11.

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Анотація:

This dissertation research investigates the cognitive mechanisms underlying second language (L2) listening comprehension. I use three types of sentential contexts, congruent, neutral and incongruent, to look at how L2 learners construct meaning in spoken sentence comprehension. The three types of contexts differ in their context predictability. The last word in a congruent context is highly predictable (e.g., Children are more affected by the disease than adults), the last word in a neutral context is likely but not highly predictable (e.g., Children are more affected by the disease than nurse

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3

Craven, Robert Anthony. "Execution mechanisms for the action language C+." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.445886.

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4

Batterink, Laura, and Laura Batterink. "Implicit and Explicit Neural Mechanisms Supporting Language Processing." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12525.

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Анотація:

Despite the enormous complexity inherent to language, almost all humans acquire and use their native language with apparent effortlessness, simply from being immersed in a normal social environment. It has been hypothesized that conscious processes play only a limited role in language, which may explain how language can be acquired and processed with so little effort. Using event-related potentials, this dissertation addresses this hypothesis by investigating the contributions of implicit and explicit neural mechanisms to different aspects of language. In the first study, the neural mec

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5

Branzi, Francesca Martina 1984. "The mechanisms and the scope of bilingual language production." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/316582.

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Анотація:

When bilinguals plan to speak even one word, lexicalization processes of the two languages becomes concurrently activated. Surprisingly, bilingual speech production is not dramatically affected. This observation raises the questions about the control mechanisms that ensure lexicalization in the intended language and their representational scope. The aim of this dissertation was to increment the general knowledge on these two aspects of bilingual language control. To do so, we measured behavioral, electrophysiological, and neural responses in language switching tasks to investigate the mec

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6

Poulshock, Joseph W. "Language and morality : evolution, altruism, and linguistic moral mechanisms." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25094.

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Анотація:

This thesis inquires into how human language relates to morality – and shows the ways language enables, extends, and maintains human value systems. Though we ultimately need to view the relation between language and morality from many different perspectives – biological, psychological, sociological, and philosophical – the approach here is primarily a linguistic one informed by evolutionary theory. At first, this study shows how natural selection relates to the problem of altruism and how language serves human moral ontogeny. Subsequently, the argument demonstrates how language helps enable cu

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7

Rybarova, Dusana. "Frontal Mechanisms in Language Pragmatics: Neuropsychological and Electrophysiological Evidence." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194525.

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Анотація:

Whereas some researchers claim that the holistic processing of the right hemisphere is essential for contextual integration in language pragmatics (Myers, 2001, Myers, 2005), results of other studies point to involvement of executive processes of the frontal lobes (McDonald & Pearce, 1998; Bernicot & Dardier, 2001). This study examined the role of frontal lobes in language pragmatics by testing performance of young adults and older adults on selected standardized pragmatic inferences called 'implicitures'. Implicitures were first presented free-standing and then embedded in contexts that eithe

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8

Fagelson, Marc A. "Tinnitus Mechanisms: Auditory." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2015. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1953.

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9

Gontrum, Johannes. "Attention Mechanisms for Transition-based Dependency Parsing." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-395491.

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Анотація:

Transition-based dependency parsing is known to compute the syntactic structure of a sentence efficiently, but is less accurate to predict long-distance relations between tokens as it lacks global information about the sentence. Our main contribution is the integration of attention mechanisms to replace the static token selection with a dynamic approach that takes the complete sequence into account. Though our experiments confirm that our approach fundamentally works, our models do not outperform the baseline parser. We further present a line of follow-up experiments to investigate these resul

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10

Thomas, James Geoffrey. "Self-domestication and language evolution." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16149.

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Анотація:

This thesis addresses a major problem facing any attempt to account for language structure through a cultural mechanism: The processes required by such a mechanism are only possible if we assume the existence of a range of preconditions. These preconditions are not trivial, and themselves require an explanation. In this thesis I address the nature and origin of these preconditions. I approach this topic in three stages. In the first stage, I pull-apart the functioning of one prominent cultural account of language evolution—the Iterated Learning Model —to identify the preconditions it assumes.

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Книги з теми "Language mechanisms"

1

Mody, Maria, ed. Neural Mechanisms of Language. Springer US, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7325-5.

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2

Nice, Bailey Charles James, and Harris Roy 1931-, eds. Developmental mechanisms of language. Pergamon Press, 1985.

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3

Symposium on Cognition (20th 1985 Carnegie Mellon University). Mechanisms of language acquisition. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1987.

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4

Brian, MacWhinney, National Science Foundation (U.S.), and Carnegie-Mellon University. Dept. of Psychology., eds. Mechanisms of language aquisition [sic]. L. Erlbaum Associates, 1987.

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5

Pickering, Martin, Matthew W. Crocker, and Charles Clifton. Architectures and Mechanisms for Language Processing. Cambridge University Press, 1999.

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6

Long, Laura Kathleen. Neural Mechanisms of Language Perception in Human Intracranial Neurophysiology. [publisher not identified], 2020.

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7

Wierzbicka, Anna. Antitotalitarian language in Poland: Some mechanisms of linguistic self-defense. Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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8

Versloot, Arianus Pieter. Mechanisms of language change: Vowel reduction in 15th century West Frisian. LOT, 2008.

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9

International Conference on English Historical Linguistics (13th 2004 University of Vienna). Medieval English and its heritage: Structure, meaning and mechanisms of change. Peter Lang, 2006.

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10

D, Ritchie Graeme, ed. Computational morphology: Practical mechanisms for the English lexicon. MIT Press, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Language mechanisms"

1

Golitsyn, German A., and Vladimir M. Petrov. "Mechanisms of language." In Information and Creation. Birkhäuser Basel, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7472-4_3.

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2

Crocker, Matthew, and Steffan Corley. "Modular architectures and statistical mechanisms." In Natural Language Processing. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/nlp.4.10cro.

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3

Filho, Jugurta Lisboa, and José Luı́s Braga. "Unified Modeling Language Extension Mechanisms." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23519-6_1427-2.

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4

Filho, Jugurta Lisboa, and José Luı́s Braga. "Unified Modeling Language Extension Mechanisms." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17885-1_1427.

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Filho, Jugurta Lisboa, and José Luís Braga. "Unified Modeling Language Extension Mechanisms." In Encyclopedia of GIS. Springer US, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35973-1_1427.

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6

Levon, Erez. "Language and Mechanisms of Identification." In Language and the Politics of Sexuality. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230281318_3.

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7

Apel, Sven, Don Batory, Christian Kästner, and Gunter Saake. "Classic, Language-Based Variability Mechanisms." In Feature-Oriented Software Product Lines. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37521-7_4.

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Apel, Sven, Don Batory, Christian Kästner, and Gunter Saake. "Advanced, Language-Based Variability Mechanisms." In Feature-Oriented Software Product Lines. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-37521-7_6.

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9

Wonnacott, Elizabeth. "Learning: Statistical Mechanisms in Language Acquisition." In The Language Phenomenon. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36086-2_4.

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Trevarthen, Colwyn. "Language Mechanisms in the Brain, Development." In Speech and Language. Birkhäuser Boston, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6774-9_17.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Language mechanisms"

1

Gendron, Gael, Bao Trung Nguyen, Alex Yuxuan Peng, Michael Witbrock, and Gillian Dobbie. "Can Large Language Models Learn Independent Causal Mechanisms?" In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.381.

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2

Mukhtorova, Barno, Mirdjalol Mirzaakhmedov, Malika Ganiyeva, Umidakhon Usmonova, Zakhro Mamadaliyeva, and Mukhammadali Samindjonov. "AI in Education: Redefining Language Assessment and Feedback Mechanisms." In 2024 International Conference on IoT, Communication and Automation Technology (ICICAT). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicat62666.2024.10923438.

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3

Hanna, Michael, and Aaron Mueller. "Incremental Sentence Processing Mechanisms in Autoregressive Transformer Language Models." In Proceedings of the 2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2025. https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.naacl-long.164.

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4

Wang, Mengru, Yunzhi Yao, Ziwen Xu, et al. "Knowledge Mechanisms in Large Language Models: A Survey and Perspective." In Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2024. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.findings-emnlp.416.

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Amin, Md Nur, and Alexander Jesser. "Riemannian Geometry for Fairness in Attention Mechanisms of Language Models." In 2025 19th International Conference on Semantic Computing (ICSC). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsc64641.2025.00039.

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6

Jiang, Xiangkui, and Zhuoxiao Du. "Incorporating Hybrid Pooling and Attention Mechanisms for Chinese Text Sentiment Analysis." In 2024 6th International Conference on Natural Language Processing (ICNLP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icnlp60986.2024.10692734.

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Ortu, Francesco, Zhijing Jin, Diego Doimo, Mrinmaya Sachan, Alberto Cazzaniga, and Bernhard Schölkopf. "Competition of Mechanisms: Tracing How Language Models Handle Facts and Counterfactuals." In Proceedings of the 62nd Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics (Volume 1: Long Papers). Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.acl-long.458.

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Kumar, V. Siva, S. Suhana Fathima, D. Evangeline Priya, J. Vimaladevi, and E. Akshaya. "Empowering the Deaf Community: Gesture Language Recognition Through Computer Vision Mechanisms." In 2025 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Data Communication Technologies and Internet of Things (IDCIoT). IEEE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1109/idciot64235.2025.10915178.

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Selvi, M. D. Thamarai, G. Ahmed Zeeshan, Omaia Al-Omari, Amit Kumar Mishra, Giftsy Dorcas E, and Fredrick Ruban Alphonse. "Enhancing Feedback Mechanisms in English Language Assessments Through Deep Learning Model." In 2024 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Quantum Computation-Based Sensor Application (ICAIQSA). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaiqsa64000.2024.10882425.

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Zeng, Jinghan, and Yulin Yuan. "The Semantic Specificities and Construal Mechanisms of the Expectational Negative Adverb Xu in Chinese." In 2024 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ialp63756.2024.10661156.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Language mechanisms"

1

Arnold, Zachary, Ngor Luong, and Ben Murphy. Understanding Chinese Government Guidance Funds: An Analysis of Chinese-Language Sources. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200098.

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China’s government is using public-private investment funds, known as guidance funds, to deploy massive amounts of capital in support of strategic and emerging technologies, including artificial intelligence. Drawing exclusively on Chinese-language sources, this report explores how guidance funds raise and deploy capital, manage their investment, and interact with public and private actors. The guidance fund model is no silver bullet, but it has many advantages over traditional industrial policy mechanisms.

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Díaz Escobar, Ana María, Luz Magdalena Salas Bahamón, Claudia Piras, and Agustina Suaya. What Job Would You Apply to?: Findings on the Impact of Language on Job Searches. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004856.

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This study tests four "light touch" interventions in the language used in job posts of male- dominated occupations to attract female workers using a discrete choice experiment. This experiment had more than 5000 participants from five Latin American countries. We test two possible mechanisms: the gender-stereotypes related to job skills and the use of inclusive language. We find that language matters, and men and women value information and inclusive language in job advertisements. However, women are more sensitive in this regard. We test the effect of simply aggregating irrelevant, but additi

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3

Bando, Rosangela, and Xia Li. The Effect of In-Service Teacher Training on Student Learning of English as a Second Language. Inter-American Development Bank, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011651.

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In-service teacher training aims to improve the supply of public education. A randomized experiment was conducted in Mexico to test whether teacher training could increase teacher efficiency in public secondary schools. After seven and a half months of exposure to a trained teacher, students improved their English. This paper explores two mechanisms through which training can affect student learning. First, trained teachers improved their English by 0.35 standard deviations in the short run. Teachers in the control group caught up with treatment teachers by the end of the school year in part b

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4

Nguyen, Loc, An Vo, Anh Vu, and Jonathan Rigg. Health Impacts of Climate Change on Precarious Outdoor Workers in Urban Asia: A Systematic Review of Vietnamese-Language and Vietnam-Based Studies. SocialLife University Co., Ltd., 2024. https://doi.org/10.71169/sociallife-wp-2024-1.

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Climate change poses increasingly severe challenges to nations worldwide, with developing countries being the most vulnerable due to their lack of socio-economic resources for adaptation. When discussing climate change adaptation, outdoor workers, who are directly exposed to abnormal weather phenomena in their daily work, are the most vulnerable group in terms of health impacts. This working paper presents a systematic review of Vietnam-based literature on the health impacts of climate change on urban outdoor workers in Asia. By synthesising empirical evidence from Vietnam and comparing it wit

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Mazurkiewicz, Marek. ECMI Minorities Blog. German minority as hostage and victim of populist politics in Poland. European Centre for Minority Issues, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/fhta5489.

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On 4 February 2022, the Polish Journal of Laws published a new ordinance of the Minister of Education and Science, implementing cuts in the funding of education of German as a minority language. Consequently, the hourly length of such lessons will be significantly reduced. This regulation applies exclusively to the German minority, and the official motive for introducing discriminatory measures is to improve the situation of Polish diaspora in Germany. This is the first time after 1989 when the Polish state authorities introduce a law limiting the rights of Poland’s citizens belonging to a nat

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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.

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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the

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Renshaw, Jonathan. Social Investment Funds and Indigenous Peoples. Inter-American Development Bank, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008880.

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The aim of this paper is to offer a brief analysis of the social investment funds for indigenous people that have been financed by the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and to consider how far they have been effective in meeting the needs of indigenous people. This paper identifies two types of targeting mechanisms: 1) Inclusive funds that do not distinguish indigenous people from other sectors of society based on ethnicity; and 2) Exclusive funds or components intended only for the indigenous or ethnic population. The author discusses the merits of both approaches and identifies four fact

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Or, Etti, David Galbraith, and Anne Fennell. Exploring mechanisms involved in grape bud dormancy: Large-scale analysis of expression reprogramming following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release. United States Department of Agriculture, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7587232.bard.

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The timing of dormancy induction and release is very important to the economic production of table grape. Advances in manipulation of dormancy induction and dormancy release are dependent on the establishment of a comprehensive understanding of biological mechanisms involved in bud dormancy. To gain insight into these mechanisms we initiated the research that had two main objectives: A. Analyzing the expression profiles of large subsets of genes, following controlled dormancy induction and dormancy release, and assessing the role of known metabolic pathways, known regulatory genes and novel se

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Thompson, Karen D., Nelly Patiño-Cabrera, Soria Colomer, Vanessa Mejia-Hutchison, and Sarah Howard. Gaps, rationales, and recommendations for improving bilingual data collection in Oregon. Oregon State University, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5399/osu/1190.

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As part of the Oregon Department of Education’s (ODE’s) investments of Elementary and Secondary School Emergency Relief Fund III dollars, ODE’s Multilingual and Migrant Education team contracted with Oregon State University (OSU) to provide recommendations about how the information the state has about schools with bilingual programs, students in bilingual programs, and multilingual educators could be improved. OSU conducted a variety of activities to create these recommendations between March 2024-September 2024, including meeting with ODE staff, meeting with researchers and leaders within oth

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Benites, Miguel, and Eric Parrado. Mirror, Mirror on the Wall: Which Jobs Will AI Replace After All?: A New Index of Occupational Exposure. Inter-American Development Bank, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0013125.

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This paper introduces the AI Generated Index of Occupational Exposure (GENOE), a novel measure quantifying the potential impact of artificial intelligence on occupations and their associated tasks. Our methodology employs synthetic AI surveys, leveraging large language models to conduct expert-like assessments. This approach allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of job replacement likelihood, minimizing human bias and reducing assumptions about the mechanisms through which AI innovations could replace job tasks and skills. The index not only considers task automation, but also contextual

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