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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Large transformations"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 лютого 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Large transformations"

Etien, Anne, Alexis Muller, Thomas Legrand, and Richard F. Paige. "Localized model transformations for building large-scale transformations." Software & Systems Modeling 14, no. 3 (September 7, 2013): 1189–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10270-013-0379-8.

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Geels, Frank W. "Transformations of Large Technical Systems." Science, Technology, & Human Values 32, no. 2 (March 2007): 123–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243906293883.

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Wang, Fu, Peipei Xu, Wenjie Ruan, and Xiaowei Huang. "Towards Verifying the Geometric Robustness of Large-Scale Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 37, no. 12 (June 26, 2023): 15197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v37i12.26773.

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Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial geometric transformation. This paper aims to verify the robustness of large-scale DNNs against the combination of multiple geometric transformations with a provable guarantee. Given a set of transformations (e.g., rotation, scaling, etc.), we develop GeoRobust, a black-box robustness analyser built upon a novel global optimisation strategy, for locating the worst-case combination of transformations that affect and even alter a network's output. GeoRobust can provide provable guarantees on finding the worst-case combination based on recent advances in Lipschitzian theory. Due to its black-box nature, GeoRobust can be deployed on large-scale DNNs regardless of their architectures, activation functions, and the number of neurons. In practice, GeoRobust can locate the worst-case geometric transformation with high precision for the ResNet50 model on ImageNet in a few seconds on average. We examined 18 ImageNet classifiers, including the ResNet family and vision transformers, and found a positive correlation between the geometric robustness of the networks and the parameter numbers. We also observe that increasing the depth of DNN is more beneficial than increasing its width in terms of improving its geometric robustness. Our tool GeoRobust is available at https://github.com/TrustAI/GeoRobust.

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Brzozowski, Janusz, and Marek Szykuła. "Large Aperiodic Semigroups." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 26, no. 07 (November 2015): 913–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054115400067.

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We search for the largest syntactic semigroups of star-free languages having n left quotients; equivalently, we look for the largest transition semigroups of aperiodic finite automata with n states. We first introduce unitary semigroups generated by transformations that change only one state. In particular, we study unitary-complete semigroups which have a special structure, and show that each maximal unitary semigroup is unitary-complete. For [Formula: see text] we exhibit a unitary-complete semigroup that is larger than any aperiodic semigroup known to date. We then present even larger aperiodic semigroups, generated by transformations that map a non-empty subset of states to a single state; we call such transformations and semigroups semiconstant. We examine semiconstant tree semigroups which have a structure based on full binary trees. The semiconstant tree semigroups are at present the best candidates for largest aperiodic semigroups.

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Kalkkinen, J., and K. S. Stelle. "Large gauge transformations in M-theory." Journal of Geometry and Physics 48, no. 1 (October 2003): 100–132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0393-0440(03)00027-5.

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Schneider, Christoph, Niko Wilke, and Andreas Lösch. "Contested Visions for Transformation—The Visions of the Green New Deal and the Politics of Technology Assessment, Responsible Research and Innovation, and Sustainability Research." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 27, 2022): 1505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031505.

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Societal transformations are contested. The goals and visions of transformations, as well as the means and strategies to achieve them, are born in political conflict and power constellations. Which transformations are seen as desirable and possible by democratic majorities changes throughout history. This is the political reality where research for transformations finds itself. Technology assessment (TA), responsible research and innovation (RRI), and sustainability research (SR) are a part of such contestations. They engage in envisioning, debating, analyzing, and evaluating different visions of and options for the future. In this article we turn to visions of the future as a key aspect of societal contestation and the shaping of interfaces between research for transformations and society. Based on the approach of vision assessment developed in TA, we situate TA, RRI, and SR within visions of research and social order. We argue that in these politicized times it is increasingly necessary to understand how research relates to larger visions of society and the contested nature of transformations. We turn to one of the major contemporary visions for societal transformation: The Green New Deal (GND). This vision imagines a large-scale transformation of society and the economy towards sustainability and justice and is currently debated in major political institutions and social movements. It presents an ongoing case of the “making of the future”, which is highly relevant for TA, RRI, and SR. We show how this vision is creating new knowledge and social arrangements and how it is opening up new possibilities for transformational research. The article discusses the implications that a possible further impact of GND visions in politics may have for TA, RRI, and SR, and, relatedly, how expertise and insights from TA, RRI, and SR could significantly add to the GND debate.

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Pawlak, Robert. "Implementation aspects of agile methods in large organizations." e-mentor 90, no. 3 (July 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15219/em90.1523.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the challenges and success factors on organizations’ path to agile transformation, as frequently discussed in the literature and encountered in business practice. The research conducted proved that large-scale agile transformations require a dedicated approach with set of tools and best practices in place. The implementation challenges and barriers have been categorized into method-, organization-, culture- and technology-oriented groups. As a result of an in-depth analysis carried on for the purpose of this paper, a dedicated methodology of agile transformation has been proposed to ease the implementation process.

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de Waal, André. "Success factors of high performance organization transformations." Measuring Business Excellence 22, no. 4 (November 19, 2018): 375–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbe-08-2018-0055.

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Purpose When an organization becomes a high performance organization (HPO), it is able to outperform comparable organizations for an extended period of time, thereby ensuring its long-term survival. It is therefore imperative for these organizations embarking on an HPO transformation to be aware of the factors that will help make this transformation successful. Unfortunately the current literature does not provide these factors; one can only find factors influencing large-scale transformations. It could be argued that becoming an HPO is a large-scale transformation, but this leaves the question open whether there are specific factors that are important for this specific type of transformation. Design/methodology/approach The purpose of this paper is to answer the research question “What are the main factors which theoretically and in practice best support a successful HPO transformation?” This question was answered using the results of a review of the literature on large-scale transformations and a review on the applications of de Waal’s HPO Framework in practice. Findings Eleven theoretical and eight practical success factors were found. These factors matched for 63.6 per cent, indicating there is a moderate overlap between what the theory predicts and what can be noticed in practice. In addition, the practical cases indicated there are two success factors that are specifically important for an HPO transformation. Originality/value The study results contribute to the theory, as they show what is and is not important for a specific large-scale transformation such as an organization transforming into an HPO. The practical contribution of the study lies in the fact that organizations now know which factors to pay attention to in order to increase their chances on a successful HPO transformation.

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Sahimi, M. "Large-scale porous media and wavelet transformations." Computing in Science & Engineering 5, no. 4 (July 2003): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcise.2003.1208648.

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Blenkhorn, P. "Screen Transformations for Large-Character Access Systems." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 88, no. 3 (May 1994): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x9408800306.

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This article proposes some techniques for enhancing large-character computer access systems to enable users to operate them more easily and efficiently. These techniques involve mapping several areas of an application's screen into large characters and adapting this mapping in a context-specific way.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Large transformations"

Anderson, Brian Eric. "Unitary Transformations in a Large Hilbert Space." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305872.

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Quantum systems with Hilbert space dimension greater than two (qudits) provide an alternative to qubits as carriers of quantum information, and may prove advantageous for quantum information tasks if good laboratory tools for qudit manipulation and readout can be developed. We have implemented a protocol for arbitrary unitary transformations in the 16 dimensional hyperfine ground manifold of Cesium 133 atoms, using phase modulated rf and microwave magnetic fields to drive the atomic evolution. Our phase modulation waveforms are designed numerically using a variant of the highly efficient GRAPE algorithm. The fidelity of the resulting transformations is verified experimentally through randomized benchmarking, which indicates an average fidelity better than 97% across a sample of random unitaries.

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Martin, Steven. "Scalable Data Transformations for Low-Latency Large-Scale Data Analysis." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366108187.

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Martin, Steven A. "Culture of Control and its Relationship to Successful Large Scale Agile Transformations." Franklin University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=frank1620731439153882.

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Chick, Jane. "The large pavement at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica : episodes, narratives and transformations." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2014. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/49749/.

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The main focus of this thesis is the large mosaic pavement in the East Church complex at Qasr el-Lebia in Cyrenaica, Libya. It sets out to establish whether the fifty panels which comprise the pavement constitute a coherent programme. In order to do that the literature is reviewed, the site is set in its Cyrenaican context in terms of its history, its physical geography, its settlement patterns and its principal Christian buildings. The dating of the mosaic is considered and a detailed panel-bypanel catalogue of the images is offered. An iconographical study looks closely at groups of panels and correspondences between panels with a view to establishing whether they were entirely independent, one of another, or whether they constituted an overall programme. Having concluded that there are, indeed, significant levels of coherence, the study addresses a number of apparent discrepancies by looking at examples - in literature, sculpture and architecture – of a late antique predilection for disjunctions, puzzles and puns. After this wide-ranging review, the thesis returns to the most immediate context for the floor – its architectural setting. Inconclusive without further excavation, it nevertheless explores the possibility, based largely on the architectural evidence, that the pavement belonged to the ground floor of an episcopium. Finally, the study proposes an overall programme for the pavement and examines how the architecture constrained, and how the layout and iconography of the floor contributed to, a physical experience of the space in what may have been the consignatorium of a baptistery.

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Jackson, George. "Phase separation in solutions of large spherical particles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9db7de2e-b365-4433-8e14-746efb32c070.

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The effect of large size ratios of solute to solvent on the critical properties and phase behaviour of binary mixtures of spherical particles is investigated using an "augmented van der Waals" equation of state. The equation used is essentially a van der Waals equation with an improved hard sphere repulsive term. Molecular dynamics and constant-pressure Monte Carlo simulations of binary mixtures of hard spheres with different diameter ratios and mole fractions are undertaken to check the adequacy of the hard sphere equation. Good agreement is found, even for systems with large differences in size. Furthermore, many of the hard sphere mixtures exhibited a transition from a fluid to a solid phase at high densities. Phase boundaries are calculated for model mixtures comprising spheres of different sizes between which there are long-ranged attractive forces. Particular attention is paid to the case in which the ratio of sizes is infinite. The systems show a wide variety of behaviour that includes liquid-liquid and gas-gas immiscibility, and the formation of negative azeotropes. Calculations investigating the effect of different attractive interactions between the small and large spheres show that as the magnitude of this interaction is increased, liquid-liquid immiscibility becomes the dominant feature of the phase diagram at moderate temperatures. The extent of liquid-liquid coexistence is greatest at large size differences. These model systems are shown to reproduce some of the behaviour of aqueous solutions of surfactants if it is assumed that the large spheres are models of the micelles and the small spheres models of the solvent molecules. The properties of binary lattice mixtures of bifunctional molecules whose ends are chosen to mimic surfactant and solvent molecules are also briefly investigated, to determine the effect of the asymmetric surfactant molecule on the phase separation. Closed-loops emerge in the phase diagrams as the surfactant character of one of the species is increased.

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Daniel, Gwendal. "Efficient persistence, query, and transformation of large models." Thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure Mines-Télécom Atlantique Bretagne Pays de la Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017IMTA0049/document.

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L’Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles (IDM) est une méthode de développement logicielle ayant pour but d’améliorer la productivité et la qualité logicielle en utilisant les modèles comme artefacts de premiers plans durant le processus développement. Dans cette approche, les modèles sont typiquement utilisés pour représenter des vues abstraites d’un système, manipuler des données, valider des propriétés, et sont finalement transformés en ressources applicatives (code, documentation, tests, etc). Bien que les techniques d’IDM aient montré des résultats positifs lors de leurs intégrations dans des processus industriels, les études montrent que la mise à l’échelle des solutions existantes est un des freins majeurs à l’adoption de l’IDM dans l’industrie. Ces problématiques sont particulièrement importantes dans le cadre d’approches génératives, qui nécessitent des techniques efficaces de stockage, requêtage, et transformation de grands modèles typiquement construits dans un contexte mono-utilisateur. Plusieurs solutions de persistance, requêtage, et transformations basées sur des bases de données relationnelles ou NoSQL ont été proposées pour améliorer le passage à l’échelle, mais ces dernières sont souvent basées sur une seule sérialisation model/base de données, adaptée à une activité de modélisation particulière, mais peu efficace pour d’autres cas d’utilisation. Par exemple, une sérialisation en graphe est optimisée pour calculer des chemins de navigations complexes,mais n’est pas adaptée pour accéder à des valeurs atomiques de manière répétée. De plus, les frameworks de modélisations existants ont été initialement développés pour gérer des activités simples, et leurs APIs n’ont pas évolué pour gérer les modèles de grande taille, limitant les performances des outils actuels. Dans cette thèse nous présentons une nouvelle infrastructure de modélisation ayant pour but de résoudre les problèmes de passage à l’échelle en proposant (i) un framework de persistance permettant de choisir la représentation bas niveau la plus adaptée à un cas d’utilisation, (ii) une solution de requêtage efficace qui délègue les navigations complexes à la base de données stockant le modèle,bénéficiant de ses optimisations bas niveau et améliorant significativement les performances en terme de temps d’exécution et consommation mémoire, et (iii) une approche de transformation de modèles qui calcule directement les transformations au niveau de la base de données. Nos solutions sont construites en utilisant des standards OMG tels que UML et OCL, et sont intégrées dans les solutions de modélisations majeures telles que ATL ou EMF
The Model Driven Engineering (MDE) paradigm is a softwaredevelopment method that aims to improve productivity and software quality by using models as primary artifacts in all the aspects of software engineering processes. In this approach, models are typically used to represent abstract views of a system, manipulate data, validate properties, and are finally transformed to application artifacts (code, documentation, tests, etc). Among other MDE-based approaches, automatic model generation processes such as Model Driven Reverse Engineering are a family of approaches that rely on existing modeling techniques and languages to automatically create and validate models representing existing artifact. Model extraction tasks are typically performed by a modeler, and produce a set of views that ease the understanding of the system under study. While MDE techniques have shown positive results when integrated in industrial processes, the existing studies also report that scalability of current solutions is one of the key issues that prevent a wider adoption of MDE techniques in the industry. This isparticularly true in the context of generative approaches, that require efficient techniques to store, query, and transform very large models typically built in a single-user context. Several persistence, query, and transformation solutions based on relational and NoSQL databases have been proposed to achieve scalability, but they often rely on a single model-to-database mapping, which suits a specific modeling activity, but may not be optimized for other use cases. For example a graph-based representation is optimized to compute complex navigation paths, but may not be the best solution for repeated atomic accesses. In addition, low-level modeling framework were originally developed to handle simple modeling activities (such as manual model edition), and their APIs have not evolved to handle large models, limiting the benefits of advance storage mechanisms. In this thesis we present a novel modeling infrastructure that aims to tackle scalability issues by providing (i) a new persistence framework that allows to choose the appropriate model-to-database mapping according to a given modeling scenario, (ii) an efficient query approach that delegates complex computation to the underlying database, benefiting of its native optimization and reducing drastically memory consumption and execution time, and (iii) a model transformation solution that directly computes transformations in the database. Our solutions are built on top of OMG standards such as UML and OCL, and are integrated with the de-facto standard modeling solutions such as EMF and ATL

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Choucair, Israa. "A Four-dimensional Approach to Finite Element Method for the Large Transformations of Materials." Thesis, Troyes, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TROY0025.

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Une description spatio-temporelle des grandes déformations thermomécaniques des milieux continus est développée: l'utilisation d'une telle approche quadridimensionnelle garantit la covariance générale des modèles proposés. Les équations de conservation sont écrites dans ce contexte et un modèle constitutif est dérivé pour les transformations réversibles. Nous utilisons des opérateurs de projection pour obtenir les composantes spatiales et temporelles des équations régissant 4D et pour interpréter les résultats. Nous proposons ensuite une formulation faible du problème ainsi que sa discrétisation par éléments finis, à résoudre pour les grandes déformations d'un solide. L'avantage de cette description est que l'intégration sur l'espace et le temps se fait en une seule étape. Nous discutons pourquoi le système de coordonnées convectives 4D est intéressant pour résoudre le problème. Enfin, nous illustrons la démarche par des exemples analytiques et résolvons numériquement des problèmes thermomécaniques avec une implémentation sur le logiciel FEniCS
A space-time description of the finite transformations of thermo-mechanical continua is developed: the use of such a four-dimensional approach guarantees the general covariance of the proposed models. The conservation equations are written in this context and a constitutive model is derived for reversible transformations. We use projection operators to obtain the space and time components of the 4D governing equations and to interpret the results. We next propose a weak formulation of the problem along with its finite-element discretization, to be solved for the finite transformations of a solid. The advantage of this description is that the integration on space and time is performed in one step. We discuss why the 4D convective coordinate system is of interest to solve the problem. Finally, we illustrate the approach with analytical examples and solve thermo-mechanical problems numerically with an implementation on FEniCS software

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Storå, Erik. "Towards scaled agility : A case study on successfully initiating agile transformations at large banks." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279610.

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Large banks are facing challenges from a new regulatory and competitive landscape which have led to 30 % of banks adopting agile using the Scaled agile framework (SAFe). The transformation process towards agile is complex and has led to a change process covering aspects such as a product development, leadership and organizational design. Currently scientific knowledge on how to conduct an agile transformation successfully is lacking. The current explorative case study aimed to provide an empirical contribution assisting theory building in the field of scaled agile. Empirical data was collected through thirteen semi structured interviews, totaling ten hours combined with ten ethnographic observations spanning 34 hours. The subsequent findings identified four approaches to scaling agile combined with eight aspects of scaled agility providing a new depth regarding how to apply them and what to achieve. The four approaches identified were: creating a virtual organization, standardization of agile methods, unifying around one portfolio and, changing towards an agile mindset. The eight aspects include strategic agility, payoff agility, business agility, product agility, agile organization, tools agility, people agility, and organizational culture. The eight aspects where synthesized into a framework from the fields of agile software development, agile portfolio management, Scrum, SAFe, Lean, New product development, Lean product development, aspects of change, emergent change models, organizational design, resistance to change, and organizational culture. In addition, insights from previous agile transformations was conducted by researching benchmark studies of the bank ING. The results indicated an initial successful implementation as the interviewees expressed joy in working with the new methods. Furthermore an effective use of all four major approaches to scaling agile was evident. The results showed that the scope of the transformation kept growing and was managed through iterative improvements. Integration of already agile parts of the organization such as projects was enabled, and initial changes in leadership and delegation as well as new roles were managed. However some struggles remained regarding product development which could not be conducted in a fully agile way due to large releases and a regulated environment. In addition dependencies between different teams limited the creation of autonomous teams capable of delivering end to end. Furthermore as the work was visualized the amount spent on non value adding activites such as preparing low value task could be avoided, which however required extensive refinement. The focus on the new methods furthermore led to less time spent with customers. One challenge that emerged was that the virtual organization started to interfere with the traditional organization. A shift in power from hierarchies to teams took place. Aspects such as recruitment and rewards remained in the old structure highlighting a double organizational culture. This provides some uncertanty regarding further adaptions in the long run. The study has provided an empirical contribution as well as conceptualization of the approaches and aspects of scaled agility which provides hypothesis that assist future theory building. In addition the implications showed to be noteworthy from as sustainability pespective by enabling ecnomic benefits such as efficency and new IT-infrastrucutre combined with good jobs and limited enviromental impacts. To validate the results more studies could be performed at other companies, other parts of banks as well as more extensive data collection such as quantitative approaces and long term observations.
Stora banker möter utmaningar från ett nya regleringar och ökad konkurrens som har lett till att 30% av bankerna har infört agila metoder genom Scaled agile framework (SAFe). Omvandlingsprocessen mot agile är komplex och leder till en förändringsprocess som täcker aspekter som produktutveckling, ledarskap och organisationsdesign och som för närvarande saknar vetenskaplig kunskap om hur den ska bedrivas framgångsrikt. Denna undersökande fallstudie syftade till att tillhandahålla ett empiriskt bidrag som hjälper till med teoriuppbyggnad inom området skalad agile genom hypotesformulering. Empiriska data samlades in genom tretton halvstrukturerade intervjuer, sammanlagt tio timmar, i kombination med tio etnografiska observationer som sträckte sig över 34 timmar. Från fynden identifierades fyra metoder för att skala agile i kombination med åtta aspekter av skalad agilitet som ger ett nytt djup angående tillämpningar av dem och vad man ska uppnå. De fyra identifierade tillvägagångssätten är: skapandet av en virtuell organisation, standardisering av agila metoder, förenande kring en portfölj och förändring mot ett agilt tankesätt. De åtta aspekterna inkluderar strategisk agility, payoff agility, business agility, produkt agility, agile organisation, tools agility, resurs agility och organisationskultur. De åtta aspekterna av scalad agilitet var syntetiserade till ett ramverk baserat på ämnesområdena agil programvaruutveckling, agil portföljhantering, Scrum, SAFe, Lean, New product development, Lean produktutveckling, aspekter av förändring, framväxande förändringsmodeller, organisationsdesign, motstånd mot förändring och organisatorisk kultur. Dessutom samlades insikter från tidigare agila transformationer på banker genom att undersöka en benchmarkstudie av banken ING. Resultaten visade på initiala framgångar i genomförande då intervjuobjekten uttryckte at de metoderna var givande att arbeta med. En framgångsrik användning av alla fyra huvudsakliga tillvägagångssätt för att scala agila metoder observerades. Resultaten visade att den planerade omfattningen av omvandlingen ökade under processens gång och hanterades genom iterativa förbättringar. Integrering av redan agila delar av organisationen som projekt möjliggjordes och initiala förändringar i ledarskap och delegering liksom nya roller hanterades. Vissa utmaningar återstod emellertid som berörde produktutveckling som inte kunde genomföras på ett fullständigt agilt sätt på grund av stora leveranser och den starkt reglerade miljön. Dessutom utgjorde beroenden mellan olika team en utmaning för införandet av autonoma end-to-end team. Eftersom arbetet visualiserades kunde man också undvika mängden arbete på aktiviteter som inte tillförde värde. Förberedandet av dessa uppgifter krävde omfattande tidskrävande förfining. En nackdel med det ökade arbetet mellan olika avdelningar var att dialogen med kunder minskade. En utmaning med den virtuella organisationen var att den störde den traditionella organisationen. Till exempel genom att fördela makt från tidigare hierarkier till nya team. Dessutom kvarstod aspekter som anställningar och belöningar inom den traditionella strukturen vilket ledde till en dubbel organisationskultur. Detta kan ge en viss osäkerhet när det gäller ytterligare anpassningar på lång sikt. Studien har gett ett empiriskt bidrag till agile såväl som en konceptualisering av såväl tillvägagångssätt som olika aspekter av skalad agilitet inför framtida teoriskapande. Dessutom visade sig den agila transformation vara positiv utifrån ett hållbarhetsperspektiv genom att möjliggöra ekonomiska fördelar som effektivitet och ny IT-infrastruktur kombinerat med ansenliga arbetsvillkor och icke ökande miljöpåverkan. För att validera resultaten kan fler studier behöva utföras hos andra företag, andra delar av banker, mer omfattande datainsamling inkluderande kvantitativa metoder och mera långsiktiga observationer.

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Oueslati, Jamel. "Contribution à l'étude numérique des grandes transformations élastoplastiques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066132.

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On cherche à étudier aux grandes transformations des moyens de calcul permettant de traiter des problèmes généraux d'équilibre élastoplastiques de structures planes ou axosymétriques; ces structures peuvent subir de grands déplacements, de grandes rotations et de grandes déformations plastiques, les déformations élastiques étant supposées petites. On se limite au cas du matériau initialement isotrope, avec écrouissage isotrope ou cinématique.

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Phadke, Nandan Neelkanth. "OPTIMIZATIONS ON FINITE THREE DIMENSIONAL LARGE EDDY SIMULATIONS." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1431084092.

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Книги з теми "Large transformations"

1951-, Durrett Richard, American Mathematical Society, Institute of Mathematical Statistics, and Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics., eds. Particle systems, random media, and large deviations. Providence, R.I: American Mathematical Society, 1985.

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Alessandro, Massarotti, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Could the electroweak scale be linked to the large scale structure of the Universe. Batavia, IL: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1991.

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Dawson, Donald Andrew. Large deviations, free energy functional and quasi-potential for a mean field model of interacting diffusions. Providence, R.I., USA: American Mathematical Society, 1989.

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Mehendale, Mahesh. VLSI synthesis of DSP kernels: Algorithmic and architectural transformations. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2001.

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Mehendale, Manesh. VLSI Synthesis of DSP Kernels: Algorithmic and Architectural Transformations. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001.

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Turok, Neil. Phase transitions as the origin of large scale structure in the universe. [Batavia, Ill.]: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1988.

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Turok, Neil. Phase transitions as the origin of large scale structure in the universe. [Batavia, Ill.]: Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, 1988.

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McIntosh, Malcolm, Steve Waddell, Sandra Waddock, Sarah Cornell, Domenico Dentoni, and Milla McLachlan. Large Systems Change: An Emerging Field of Transformation and Transitions. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003579380.

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Heum, Per. Firm dynamics in a Nordic perspective: Large corporations and industrial transformation. Helsinki: Taloustieto Oy, 1993.

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Lalvani, Haresh. Transformational part-count in layered octahedral-tetrahedral truss configurations. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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Частини книг з теми "Large transformations"

Gajić, Zoran, and Xuemin Shen. "Decoupling Transformations." In Parallel Algorithms for Optimal Control of Large Scale Linear Systems, 61–88. London: Springer London, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3219-6_3.

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Eggert, Julian, Chen Zhang, and Edgar Körner. "Template Matching for Large Transformations." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 169–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74695-9_18.

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Roelandt, J. M., X. J. Liu, J. L. Batoz, and J. P. Jameux. "Axisymmetric and general shell elements for large transformations (formulation and applications)." In Large Plastic Deformations, 457–63. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203749173-55.

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Carroll, Noel, Finn Olav Bjørnson, Torgeir Dingsøyr, Knut-Helge Rolland, and Kieran Conboy. "Operationalizing Agile Methods: Examining Coherence in Large-Scale Agile Transformations." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 75–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58858-8_8.

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Abstract Following the highly pervasive and effective use of agile methods for software development, attention has now turned to the much more difficult challenge of applying these methods in large scale, organization-wide development. However, identifying to what extent certain factors influence success and failure of sustaining large-scale agile transformations remains unclear and there is a lack of theoretical frameworks to guide such investigations. By adopting Normalization Process Theory and specifically ‘coherence’, we compare two large-scale agile transformation case studies and the different perspectives individuals and teams had when faced with the problem of operationalizing the agile method as part of their large-scale agile transformation. The key contributions of this work are: (i) this is a first attempt to present the results of a comparison between a successful and failed large-scale agile transformations; and (ii) we describe the challenges in understanding the rationale, differences, value, and roles associated with the methods to support the large-scale agile transformation. We also present future research for practitioners and academics on large-scale agile transformation.

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Gustavsson, Tomas. "Institutional Logics in Large-Scale Agile Software Development Transformations." In Agile Processes in Software Engineering and Extreme Programming – Workshops, 12–19. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88583-0_2.

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AbstractTransforming into agile ways of working in large organizations can be performed in different ways. Many organizations choose a defined large-scale agile software development framework but how the transformation is carried out could be based on different sorts of logics. This paper investigates institutional logics at play in large-scale agile transformations. By studying two case organizations, the paper aims at improving our understanding of large-scale transformations by viewing software development as an institution. The findings displays diverse impacts due to two differing institutional logics when transforming into large-scale agile software development by implementing the Scaled Agile Framework. One contribution of this paper is to show the possibilities of using two institutional logics, Agile toolbox logic and Agile rulebook logic, for analyzing impacts of agile transformations.

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Martin, Richard Kipp. "Interior Point Algorithms: Polyhedral Transformations." In Large Scale Linear and Integer Optimization: A Unified Approach, 219–60. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4975-8_7.

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Naghizadeh, Maryam, and Darren Cosker. "Multi-character Motion Retargeting for Large-Scale Transformations." In Advances in Computer Graphics, 94–106. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22514-8_8.

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Kühn, Elisabeth. "Small Scale, Large Scale—Why Networks are the Cornerstone of Transformations." In Transformation Literacy, 289–306. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93254-1_20.

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AbstractThis chapter takes a deep dive into the practice of transformative change. It suggests that transformation literacy needs to incorporate the understanding that achieving the vision of vital and regenerative systems requires actors to drive change that models the future systems aliveness. Only then can they become successful transformation systems. Practical experience gives evidence that the shift to transformative impact happens best in enlivening networks across systems, in what is called transformation networks. This chapter shows that a necessary systemic perspective on transformation network means they can and need to be strategically built. It introduces six transformation networkenablers that support such strategic guidance in building networks, that were used in two practical examples of setting up transformation networks. The first example is on the local level and looks at a network of youth civil society for good governance in central Tunisia. The second example is on the other end of the spectrum: it examines a global network of professionals towards a new economic future.

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Hermann, Frank, Susann Gottmann, Nico Nachtigall, Hartmut Ehrig, Benjamin Braatz, Gianluigi Morelli, Alain Pierre, Thomas Engel, and Claudia Ermel. "Triple Graph Grammars in the Large for Translating Satellite Procedures." In Theory and Practice of Model Transformations, 122–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08789-4_9.

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Moore, Sharlissa. "The history of concentrating solar power and large-scale engineering projects for the Mediterranean Region." In Sustainable Energy Transformations, Power, and Politics, 31–63. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, [2018] | Series: Routledge studies in energy transitions: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429508011-2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Large transformations"

Stevens, Perdita. "Bidirectional Transformations in the Large." In 2017 ACM/IEEE 20th International Conference on Model-Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (MODELS). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/models.2017.8.

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Przybyła, Katarzyna. "Employment Structure Transformations in Large Polish Cities." In Hradec Economic Days 2018, edited by Petra Maresova, Pavel Jedlicka, and Ivan Soukal. University of Hradec Kralove, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36689/uhk/hed/2018-02-019.

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Ganguly, Joy. "Fermion mass hierarchy and mixing using generalized CP transformations." In The Tenth Annual Conference on Large Hadron Collider Physics. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.422.0238.

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Li, Jingxi, Bijie Bai, Yi Luo, and Aydogan Ozcan. "Massively-Parallel Broadband Diffractive Processor for All-Optical Computation of a Large Set of Linear Transformations." In CLEO: Science and Innovations. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_si.2023.sm4j.4.

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We design a massively-parallel broadband diffractive processor for all-optical computation of a large number ( > 180) of arbitrarily-selected, complex-valued linear transformations by encoding the input/output of each transformation using a unique wavelength.

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Zhu, N. G., L. Xu, and M. Z. Chen. "Similarity Transformations for Compressor Blading." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-123.

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Improving the performance of high speed axial compressors through low speed model compressor testing has proved to be economical and effective (Wisler, 1984). The key to this technique is to design low speed blade profiles which are aerodynamically similar to their high speed counterparts. The conventional aerodynamic similarity transformation involves the small disturbance potential flow assumption therefore its application is severely limited and generally not used in practical design. In this paper, a set of higher order transformation rules are presented which can accommodate large disturbances at transonic speed and are therefore applicable to similar transformations between the high speed HP compressor and its low speed model. Local linearization is used in the non–linear equations and the transformation is obtained in an iterative process. The transformation gives the global blading parameters such as camber, incidence and solidity as well as the blade profile. Both numerical and experimental validations of the transformation show that the non–linear similarity transformations do retain satisfactory accuracy for highly loaded blades up to low transonic speeds. Further improvement can be made by only slightly modifing profiles numerically without altering the global similarity parameters.

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Yun, Zhang, and Henry Chu. "One-Dimensional Mappings for Recovering Large Scale Projective Transformations." In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing - ICASSP '07. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icassp.2007.366084.

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Paasivaara, Maria, and Casper Lassenius. "Challenges and Success Factors for Large-scale Agile Transformations." In XP '16 Workshops: Scientific Workshop Proceedings of XP2016. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2962695.2962704.

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Wahib, Mohamed, and Naoya Maruyama. "Automated GPU Kernel Transformations in Large-Scale Production Stencil Applications." In HPDC'15: The 24th International Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2749246.2749255.

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Kavun, Elif Bilge. "A Power Reduction Technique Based on Linear Transformations for Block Ciphers." In 2022 IFIP/IEEE 30th International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI-SoC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-soc54400.2022.9939628.

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Liu, Chuankai, Baofeng Wang, Xu Yang, Ping Miao, Geshi Tang, Kun Dai, Jia Wang, Xiaoxue Wang, and Xiangyan Guo. "Introducing projective transformations into lunar image correspondence for positioning large distance rover." In 2016 12th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2016.7578520.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Large transformations"

Markus, Maurer, Khammounty Bounseng, Morlok Michael, and Teutoburg-Weiss Hannes. Boosting Growth and Transformation in Laos’ Industry. Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.46446/publication_r4d.2019.2.en.

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Two thirds of Laos’ manufacturing industry has experienced growth and transformation over the last half decade. There are noteworthy differences between small and large companies: whilst both grew quickly, larger ones have achieved more rapid change in products, technology and organisation. However, a dimension of growth and transformation where large companies in Laos are lagging behind is labour productivity.

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Bergsen, Pepijn, Leah Downey, Max Krahé, Hans Kundnani, Manuela Moschella, and Quinn Slobodian. The economic basis of democracy in Europe: structural economic change, inequality and the depoliticization of economic policymaking. Royal Institute of International Affairs, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135362.

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- To understand contemporary challenges to European democracy, it is crucial to look beyond the surface of politics and consider the deeper relationship between democracy and the economy. Instead of focusing exclusively on the rise of ‘populism’, it is necessary to acknowledge the multiplicity of threats to European democracy, in particular those arising from the structure of European economies and economic policymaking. - Understanding these weaknesses in the functioning of European democracies is crucial to an effective approach to future economic transformations, in particular the green transition, but also for dealing effectively and equitably with challenges such as higher inflation. It is important that the relevant policy changes and responses are democratically legitimate and do not foster the kind of political backlash that previous economic transformations did. - Over the past 40 years, economic inequality – ranging from income inequality to discrepancies in wealth and economic security – has widened throughout developed economies. In turn, these developments have generated increasing political inequality, as economic policymaking has served the interests of the well-off. - Democratic systems have also been made less responsive to electorates through the ‘depoliticization’ of policymaking, in particular economic policy, as a result of its insulation from national-level democratic scrutiny. The expansion of technocratic modes of governance – notably through independent central banks and EU-level institutions – has in many cases entrenched the policy preferences of specific groups in institutions removed from direct democratic control. - As this depoliticization has to a large extent made democratic contestation over economic policy redundant, politics has increasingly been polarized around ‘cultural’ questions. But such a focus on culture is unlikely to address the inequalities behind the dysfunction of democracies in Europe. - Strengthening European democracy requires a ‘repoliticization’ of economic policymaking, including both fiscal and monetary policymaking. In the specific context of the EU, this would mean opening up more policy space for national decision-makers and parliaments – in particular by giving them a more influential role in fiscal policy, and by making monetary policy more democratic.

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Shenker, Moshe, Paul R. Bloom, Abraham Shaviv, Adina Paytan, Barbara J. Cade-Menun, Yona Chen, and Jorge Tarchitzky. Fate of Phosphorus Originated from Treated Wastewater and Biosolids in Soils: Speciation, Transport, and Accumulation. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697103.bard.

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Beneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levelsBeneficial use of reclaimed wastewater (RW) and biosolids (BS) in soils is accompanied by large input of sewage-originated P. Prolonged application may result in P accumulation up to levels that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction that impair plant nutrition, increase P loss, and promote eutrophication in downstream waters. This study aims to shed light on the RW- and BS-P forms in soils and to follow the processes that determine P reactivity, solubility, availability, and loss in RW and BS treated soils. The Technion group used sequential P extraction combined with measuring stable oxygen isotopic composition in phosphate (δ18OP) and with 31P-NMR studies to probe P speciation and transformations in soils irrigated with RW or fresh water (FW). The application of the δ18OP method to probe inorganic P (Pi) speciation and transformations in soils was developed through collaboration between the Technion and the UCSC groups. The method was used to trace Pi in water-, NaHCO3-, NaOH-, and HCl- P fractions in a calcareous clay soil (Acre, Israel) irrigated with RW or FW. The δ18OP signature changes during a month of incubation indicated biogeochemical processes. The water soluble Pi (WSPi) was affected by enzymatic activity yielding isotopic equilibrium with the water molecules in the soil solution. Further it interacted rapidly with the NaHCO3-Pi. The more stable Pi pools also exhibited isotopic alterations in the first two weeks after P application, likely related to microbial activity. Isotopic depletion which could result from organic P (PO) mineralization was followed by enrichment which may result from biologic discrimination in the uptake. Similar transformations were observed in both soils although transformations related to biological activity were more pronounced in the soil treated with RW. Specific P compounds were identified by the Technion group, using solution-state 31P-NMR in wastewater and in soil P extracts from Acre soils irrigated by RW and FW. Few identified PO compounds (e.g., D-glucose-6-phosphate) indicated coupled transformations of P and C in the wastewater. The RW soil retained higher P content, mainly in the labile fractions, but lower labile PO, than the FW soil; this and the fact that P species in the various soil extracts of the RW soil appear independent of P species in the RW are attributed to enhanced biological activity and P recycling in the RW soil. Consistent with that, both soils retained very similar P species in the soil pools. The HUJ group tested P stabilization to maximize the environmental safe application rates and the agronomic beneficial use of BS. Sequential P extraction indicated that the most reactive BS-P forms: WSP, membrane-P, and NaHCO3-P, were effectively stabilized by ferrous sulfate (FeSul), calcium oxide (CaO), or aluminum sulfate (alum). After applying the stabilized BS, or fresh BS (FBS), FBS compost (BSC), or P fertilizer (KH2PO4) to an alluvial soil, P availability was probed during 100 days of incubation. A plant-based bioassay indicated that P availability followed the order KH2PO4 >> alum-BS > BSC ≥ FBS > CaO-BS >> FeSul-BS. The WSPi concentration in soil increased following FBS or BSC application, and P mineralization further increased it during incubation. In contrast, the chemically stabilized BS reduced WSPi concentrations relative to the untreated soil. It was concluded that the chemically stabilized BS effectively controlled WSPi in the soil while still supplying P to support plant growth. Using the sequential extraction procedure the persistence of P availability in BS treated soils was shown to be of a long-term nature. 15 years after the last BS application to MN soils that were annually amended for 20 years by heavy rates of BS, about 25% of the added BS-P was found in the labile fractions. The UMN group further probed soil-P speciation in these soils by bulk and micro X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES). This newly developed method was shown to be a powerful tool for P speciation in soils. In a control soil (no BS added), 54% of the total P was PO and it was mostly identified as phytic acid; 15% was identified as brushite and 26% as strengite. A corn crop BS amended soil included mostly P-Fe-peat complex, variscite and Al-P-peat complex but no Ca-P while in a BS-grass soil octacalcium phosphate was identified and o-phosphorylethanolamine or phytic acid was shown to dominate the PO fraction.

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Bright, Damien, and Stefan Schäfer. A comparative study of the sociotechnical imaginaries of marine geoengineering. OceanNets, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d2.1.

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In this report, we claim that although there is no national deployment or consultation program for OceanNETs in the US, Germany, or Australia, the very idea is sufficiently open-ended to accommodate and even federate different development pathways for industrial-scale emissions reduction. We use the “sociotechnical imaginaries” concept to show how existing moral and political outlooks can, concretely, support the more abstract “need” for OceanNETs within overshoot scenarios. Thus, even without an endorsement of the feasibility or desirability of OceanNETs—as a matter of transnational climate negotiations, for example—it is possible to observe openings for large-scale transformations in ocean use under the description of “climate action.” Such changes are patchier than the imagined research-to-deployment pipeline considered in conventional depictions of OceanNETs, and, indeed, may take the form of those techniques often deemed most marginal to the OceanNETs research agenda, such as “carbon capture and storage” or “seaweed afforestation.” Moreover, the difficulty of engaging local communities in these ongoing changes is a structural feature of negative emissions technology development more generally. This difficulty can be understood not only as a matter of geography, but of the assumptions of net-zero politics, in particular the abstraction of the global carbon budget. This exposes OceanNETs to considerable political and moral instabilities expressed in—yet not reducible to—concerns over the “hype cycle” or “rogue action.”

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Hicks, Jacqueline. Environmental Challenges of Digital Transformation in Developing Countries. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.107.

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This rapid review synthesises the literature on the environmental risks of four different aspects of digital transformation in developing countries: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. The overall message which runs throughout the diverse literatures and results is that it is not digital technologies that create environmental risks or opportunities, but how they are used. Efficiency gains derived from digital transformation may yet lead developing countries down existing unsustainable development paths if not accompanied by careful, context-dependent policy. For policy-makers seeking to mitigate environmental risks, this means putting the context of digital use at the centre of analysis rather than the technologies themselves. However, the research literature covers more specific aspects of digital transformation. In practice, this report defines digital transformation as: ICT adoption, digitally-enabled energy efficiency, ride-hailing apps, and big data use. These topics were chosen after an initial scoping review of available literature, and because they exemplify a range of the different types of potential digital effects. The literature on the environmental risks of digital transformation is huge and conflicting. This is problematic because it could be easy to cherry pick preferred research results. Several studies noted that there is less research on developing countries than developed countries, but the evidence base is still large. As an evidence review, this report focused on the academic literature, but there is also a large grey literature. Some of the literature has a gender aspect, not covered in this report.

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Carnoy, Martin. Are Educational Reforms Working in Latin America?: A New Look at Understanding Whether Education is Getting Better. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0012262.

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In the 1980s and 1990s, as part of a global transformation, Latin American countries suffered economic crisis and then underwent economic transformation and political democratization. Educational systems also changed in the larger economies, basic education became largely universal.

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Hsieh, Chang-Tai, and Zheng (Michael) Song. Grasp the Large, Let Go of the Small: The Transformation of the State Sector in China. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21006.

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Ndulu, Benno, Cornel Joseph, and Karline Tryphone. Fiscal Regimes and Digital Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa. Digital Pathways at Oxford, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/01.

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In this paper we investigate how the fiscal authorities, through tax policies or fiscal incentives, can play an important role in supporting digitalisation of the economy (digital transformation) to exploit its opportunities. Our approach is to track the influence of these policies indirectly through relevant determinants of internet adoption (connectivity and user enablers). Hence, we first establish empirically the influence of these enablers on internet use by estimating a reduced form equation of determinants of internet adoption (both demand- and supply-side factors). Then we assess the influence of a country’s fiscal policy stance on some of these enablers or determinants (direction and extent) throughout the internet value chain. Using these transmission mechanisms, we estimate the influence of the fiscal regime on digitalisation. We draw on our own empirical analysis and other relevant studies to support our recommendations to the fiscal authorities. Our findings emphasise the importance of trade-offs between short-term revenue objectives and the longer-term opportunity costs of higher revenue, enabled by the large positive externality effects of the sector, generating higher social returns than those accruing privately.

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Zucker, Lynne, and Michael Darby. Present at the Revolution: Transformation of Technical Identity for a Large Incumbent Pharmaceutical Firm After the Biotechnological Breakthrough. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5243.

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Jenkins, Glenn P., and George G. Poufos. Economic Integration and the Transformation of the Tax Mix: Cyprus 1990-2001. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008538.

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This paper outlines the steps that the Government of Cyprus took to transform its tax system between 1990 and 2001 in order to prepare itself for admission into the European Union. Cyprus has many of the same economic features as the countries of the Caribbean and Central American regions. In the case of Cyprus, the reforms were focused on the introduction and expansion of the Value Added Tax, a restructuring of the excise tax system and a modernization of its income tax system. By 2002 it has virtually completed the transformation process. The paper also discusses the situation of Belize, which is preparing to begin a similar transformation. Although the required changes might appear very large, a set of reasonable options are presented for consideration.

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