Дисертації з теми "Liquides diélectriques"
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Pochat, Pascal. "Propriétés diélectriques de la nouvelle phase cristal liquide TGBa : applications hyperfréquences des cristaux liquides." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10643.
Повний текст джерелаBoussoualem, Yahia. "Propriétés électro-optiques et diélectriques de cristaux liquides photo-ferroélectriques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10054/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns the study of the light effects on the optical, electro-optical and dielectric properties of a pure azobenzene liquid crystal. These studies were carried out, according to temperature and the UV light intensity, in the helicoidal SmC phase which is photo-ferroelectric.The optical studies show that the observed modifications, under UV irradiation, are due to the photo-isomerization of the azobenzene molecules. The transformation from the Trans to Cis form results in changes of the physico-chemical properties and a reduction of the SmC*-TGBA transition temperature Tc.The electro-optical studies reveal a strong decrease of the spontaneous polarization Ps and a moderate one of the tilt angle q. The dielectric spectroscopy studies show that the amplitude of the Goldstone mode increases and the relaxation frequency decreases under irradiation.We show that these variations of the dielectric strength and relaxation frequencies, under UV illumination, are related, at the same time, of the variations of Ps, q , rotational viscosity g G and elastic constant K3. Using a theoretical model, we determine in the second part of this work the populations of the Trans and Cis isomers as well as the characteristic dynamic parameters under irradiation. Finally we show that the variations of the optical, electro-optical and dielectric properties are closely related to the light penetration depth in the cell. Finally we show that the variations of the optical, electro-optical and dielectric properties are closely related to the light penetration depth in the cell. These behaviors obey to a Beer-Lambert law
Ouadjou, Abdesselam. "Effets electrooptiques non linéaires dans les liquides diélectriques. Inclusion de l'inertie." Perpignan, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PERP0172.
Повний текст джерелаDéjardin, Pierre-Michel. "Application de la théorie du mouvement Bronwien de rotation aux phénomènes de relaxation dielectrique et de birefringence électrique." Perpignan, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PERP0342.
Повний текст джерелаDouali, Redouane. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés électriques de cristaux liquides antiferroélectriques." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0031.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid crystals present interesting optical and electrical properties (birefringence and electrical field control). At present, they are widely used in visualization displays. This work concerns electrical properties study of antiferroelectric liquid crystals which are promising materials for tristable displays with three technics developed in the laboratory : dielectric spectroscopy, polarization and low-frequency noise measurements. The dielectric study allows to detect the Sa- S*c∝ and S*c∝-S*c phases transitions. Without superimposition of a DC bias, one relaxation process connected with the helicity of the S*c∝ phase is observed. This process is strongly modified under bias which unwinds the helical structure of this phase. Different behaviors versus temperature and bias have been evidenced for the two compounds. The dielectric spectra in the S*ca and the S*cfi phases show the existence of several relaxation processes. These processes are discussed using theoretical models and considering units cells with two, three and four layers. Low-frequency noise has been evidenced in the Sa, S*c∝ and S*c phases. This noise is connected with polarization fluctuations. The correlation between noise soectral density and dielectric losses shows that dielectric measurements have been performed in linear conditions and that this noise is of thermal origin. A theoretical study of dielectric properties of the S*c∝ phase is presented using a discrete phenomenological model. Simulations have been used to discuss experimental results, particularly, the different behaviors observed for the two compounds
Jorat, Luc. "Propriétés électriques et diélectriques des liquides organiques refroidis jusqu'à leur température de transition vitreuse." Saint-Etienne, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STET4015.
Повний текст джерелаBonifaci, Nelly. "Analyse spectrale de la lumière émise dans les diélectriques liquides sous champ électrique intense." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0014.
Повний текст джерелаSidambarompoulé, Xavier. "Étude expérimentale et numérique sur l'utilisation d'un stimulus thermique pour la mesure de charges d'espace dans des liquides diélectriques. Application à la Double Couche Électrique." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTS120.
Повний текст джерелаThe electrical charges naturally present at liquid/solid interfaces or which develop in liquids in a controlled or undesired way are at the origin both of numerous applications (micro-pumps, lab-on-a-chip, super-capacitors) and of industrial risks (inflammations, explosions). This requires the most precise possible quantification of the values and distributions of these charges in liquid dielectric media. The present measurement techniques are either non-resolutive, as the responses measured on the entire specimen allow to deduce information about the charges and the associated processes indirectly (through models), or limited in terms of sensitivity and resolution. For example, the electrical double layer model, proposed by Stern in 1924 and fully accepted by the scientific community since then, has not been confirmed experimentally yet, in particular due to the lack of resolution and sensitivity of the existing methods.Several techniques have been developed since 1980 to measure directly and non-destructively the electrical charges in solid insulators. Among these methods, those based on the application of low-amplitude thermal stimuli have shown high sensitivity and performance for the measurement of loads near interfaces. The application of these techniques to liquids is a research path to be explored in order to answer the above scientific and applicative questions. This work studies, both from theoretical and experimental points of view, the application of the thermal step principle to the measurement of electrical charges in insulating liquids. The electrical double layer, which sets up at the level of the liquid/solid walls, is used as object of the study. Several dielectric liquids are concerned: cyclohexane in liquid and solid state, pure and additive mineral oil and silicone oil.Through numerical simulations, electrical responses expected from the application of thermal stimuli of several degrees to insulating liquids are calculated, considering the diffuse layer present at the interface with the walls. The influence of different parameters of the electrical double layer on the simulated signals is studied. In particular, the effects of thermo-convection are quantified and criteria to identify them in the electrical responses are established.Experimental results, obtained with a measuring installation designed and built specifically for liquids, prove that the responses resulting from the application of low-amplitude thermal steps to insulating liquids are well measurable. Their detailed analysis leads to the conclusion that these responses are indeed due to charges from the electrical double layer. The probable contribution to the measured signals not only of the diffuse layer, but also of the compact layer, is highlighted. The results allow to conclude that thermal stimuli methods are applicable to dielectric liquids. Their further development should lead to experimental implementations with resolutions and sensitivities adapted to the study of electric charges and fields at the interfaces and in the volume of these materials
Tentillier, Nicolas. "Contribution à la caractérisation diélectrique micro-onde de cristaux liquides : application aux circuits agiles en fréquence." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-245-246.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJomni, Fathi. "Étude des phénomènes hydrodynamiques engendrés dans les liquides diélectriques par un champ électrique très intense." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10118.
Повний текст джерелаOusseini, Anassi. "Contribution à l'étude de la variation thermique des coéfficients complexes de Kerr, dans le cas d'un champ électrique continu superposé à un champ alternatif sinusoidal." Perpignan, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PERP0134.
Повний текст джерелаRottenberg, Wojciech. "Etude des phénomènes de préclaquage dans les huiles isolantes dans des systèmes d'électrodes couvertes de couches minces." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0016.
Повний текст джерелаLepert, Sylvaine. "Etude de diélectriques liquides à température ambiante pour la tomographie à rayonnement X de haute énergie." Grenoble 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE10097.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Yaochen. "Dispersion de nanoparticules ferroélectriques dans un cristal liquide : élaboration, transitions de phases et propriétés diélectriques." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0443/document.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid crystals are organic materials used to make electronic devices ; before using this material in applications, it is necessary to study their physical-chemical and dielectric properties in order to optimize their performance. This study is devoted to the nanocolloids obtained by dispersing ferroelectric nanoparticles in a nematic liquid crystal ; it means an inclusion influences the phase transitions temperatures and the dielectric properties of the host. The phase transitions measured by using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) evidenced the ferroelectric nanoparticles influence ; which is attributed two effects : the nanoparticles spontaneous polarization and the anchoring effect between nanoparticles and liquid crystal. The dielectric characterisation revealed the coupling between the macroscopic polarization of the inclusions and the electric field ; this coupling is manafested by an increase of phase transition temperatures compared to those determined by DSC. The competition between the polarization effect under an electric field and the anchoring effect induces a modification of the permittivities (parallel and perpendicular) and the dielectric anisotropy. Using harvested nanoparticles, the study confirmed the importance of the nanoparticles polarization to increase the properties of the studied nanocolloids. In fact, very small quantity of the harvested nanoparticles presents more significant improvements than those obtained with the non-harvested nanoparticles
Allouchery, Vincent. "Caractérisations thermophysique, électro-optique et diélectrique de matériaux cristaux liquides dispersés dans une matrice polymère." Littoral, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DUNK0038.
Повний текст джерелаPolymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals materials (PDLC) commonly consist of a low molecular weight liquid crystal (LC) dispersed as micronsized droplets inside a polymer matrix. PDLC form a new class of promising materials for electro-optical applications such as information displays or light shutter devices. In the present work, the phase separation processes and the electrical/electro-optical properties of PDLC films are investigated as a function of the architectural and molecular specificities introduced by the polymer precursors. The PDLC materials were prepared from mixtures of acrylic monofonctional monomer (Ethylene Glycol Phenyl Ether Acrylate) and a nematic liquid crystal (E7 eutectic mixture). The monomer/LC blends are then subjected to an Ultra-Violet radiation to provoke a Polymerization Induced Phase Separation Process (PIPS). The thermodynamic studies of the samples were carried out before and after polymerization in order to determine the influence of the composition on the phase separation process. The photocalorimetric studies allowed to show the influence of the UV light intensity, the irradiation time, the temperature of polymerization and of the initiator ratio on the phase behavior of the samples. To obtain an optimal phase separation, it is necessary that the conversion rate of the monomers is maximum. The electro-optic and dielectric characterizations of the polymerized mixtures were then carried out in order to explain the electric behavior of the samples. From the thermophysical results the volumic fractions K of phase separated liquid crystal were estimated. From the electro-optical studies, it has been shown that PDLC films including 60 wt%LC present a high transmittance for low threshold voltages. From the dielectric spectroscopy investigations an interfacial polarization phenomenon has been observed at low frequencies. This effect is known to reduce the electro-optical performances of the PDLC films including low liquid crystal fractions
Aka-Ngnui, Thomas. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de préclaquage dans les diélectriques liquides -Modèles de génération et de propagation des streamers." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00144567.
Повний текст джерелаTantolin, Christian. "Refroidissement de composants électroniques de puissance par immersion dans un fluide diélectrique : étude des échanges par ébullition-condensation-convection." Lyon, INSA, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994ISAL0053.
Повний текст джерелаIn railways traction, power electronic components are cooled with boiling of a dielectric fluid (Rl 13 or FC72) inside a finned sealed tank. Vapour is condensed on the tank wall which is cooled by an external air-flow. In such a system, many heat transfer mechanisms occur : confined boiling for the components, condensation on the internal finned wall, convective heat transfer between the wall and the external air flow and between the wall and the enclosed liquid. Furthermore, the interaction between the two-phase jet issuing from the heat sources and the enclosed liquid influences the convective flows in the tank, and then influences the convective heat transfer. As each mechanism depends on the other, the heat transfer study in the tank is complex. A experimental study allows the identification of the main parameters influencing the thermal performance of the system. Moreover, several models were developed (one for each heat transfer mechanism) in order to establish a global model of the tank. The agreement between theoretical and experimental results is good. Furthermore, the thermal effects due to the modification of a parameter are the same for the model and the experiment, thus this model can be used for the design of the tank
Priol, Laurent. "Etude des jets électrilisés : application aux procédés électriques de déstabilisation des jets de gasoil à grandes vitesses." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2277.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we propose to study theoretically and in experiments the behavior of an electrified jet, cylindrical or plane, in regim of atomization. In a first part, we study the linear stability of a viscous cylindrical jet at high velocity in the presence of electric charges. Thanks to a temporal analysis, treated numerically, we present the theoretical influence of various parameters on the stability of the jet. We find the results known on the no electrified jets and we supplement by specific results on the electric aspect, results which show the destabilizing influence of the electric charges on the surface of the jet. This theoretical and numerical study is resumed in a second part in the case of a viscous liquid sheet. The analysis of the numerical results shows the same tendency, i. E. A destabilizing influence of the electric charges. The third part is devoted to an experimental study on the atomization of an electrified diesel oil jet and on the electroconvection in the diesel oil (put moving by electric field of a dielectric liquid initially at rest). In the first experiment, the measurements of laser granulometry allowed to check the aspect overall destabilizing of the electric process with a measurement of the decrease of the mean size of the spray droplets in the presence of electric charges. In the second experiment we measure by LDV, in a cell of electroconvection, the velocity acquired by a dielectric liquid subjected to the action of an electric field. The velocities obtained (about 10 cm/s) show that the process of electrification of the liquid used in the injectors has a double effect: the electric effect due to the presence of electric charges on the surface of the jet and also a mechanical effect in the injector (electroconvection in the injector) which certainly acts on the stability of the jet. In conclusion we studied in this thesis an electrohydrodynamic process for better controlling the injection in the terrestrial and aeronautical engines
Okrasa, Lidia. "Relaxations moléculaires de composites polymères anisotropes à base de dérivés cellulosiques cristaux liquides." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10021.
Повний текст джерелаAka, N'gui Thomas. "Contribution à l'étude des phénomènes de préclaquage dans les diélectriques liquides : Modèles de génération et propagation des streamers." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ECDL0020.
Повний текст джерелаBibonne, François. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique moléculaire dans les cristaux liquides antiferroélectriques à partir de leurs propriétés diélectriques." Bordeaux 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR10702.
Повний текст джерелаKrasinski, Freddy. "Contribution à la caractérisation micro-onde de nouveaux matériaux organiques anisotropes à base de polymères." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0273.
Повний текст джерелаThe first part of this work consists to study the potentialities of anisotropic composites, made with polymers and organic liquids, named PDLC (Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystals), in the field of reconfigurable circuits. They are obtained by an U. V. Polymerizationof liquid crystal and monomer mixture. It starts by making a planar cell, allowing characterisations of dielectric liquids in the range of 1 to 20 GHz. Dielectric characterisations of the composites were obtained in situ in the cell, before, throughout and after polymerization, with the possibility to apply an electric driving field (4V/μm) to the composites. This study was ended up realising and characterising of a reconfigurable coplanar resonator in the range of Ka-band frequency. It has showed the potentialities of those anisotropic composites. The second part of this work concerns the free-space characterizations in the range of 50 to 60 GHz. We showed the good accuracy of the « Δγ » data processing method, already used in works concerning waveguide propagation, to characterize thin dielectric plates (about few millimetres). This result leaded to develop a new calibrating technique. It needs one ���reflect” standard, and two reflection-transmission measurements for two lines with the same length but with different propagation constant. The accuracy of the error parameters is comparable with accuracy obtained by the traditional techniques (TRL and LRL). Nevertheless, we have to decrease the noise generated by this new calibrating technique
Logbo, Harrod. "Étude des propriétés diélectriques sur un cristal liquide ferroélectrique : effet d'ancrage, champ de dépolarisation et lignes de déchiralisation." Amiens, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AMIE0105.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the experimental studies of dielectric spectroscopy and optical properties of a new ferroelectric liquid crystal ( FLC ) in confined geometry under static field. Particular attention is paid to the effects of the depolarization field, as well as ions, anchoring and thickness. In the first part of this work, the dielectric response to a low sinusoidal electric excitation superimposed by a DC Bias field is performed in the chiral ferroelectric phase (SmC*) far from the transition temperature. Thus, the dielectric permittivity measurements exhibit a double-hysteresis, after cycling in an electric field. This result shows several behaviors, like (*) the asymmetry of cycles relative to the origin, (**) the presence of gap values between two consecutive passages in first half cycle of the real part of the permittivity at zero field that cannot be explained by the known properties of the equilibrium of the helical structure under electric field, in the FLC bulk. In the assumption that these behaviors would have a ionic origin, an experimental protocol "STEP" has been developed to reduce the ionic charges on the cell measurements. Furthermore, optical observations show the appearance of dechiralization lines in the SmC* phase under field. This observation exhibits a hysteresis parallel to the dielectric measurements. The complex behavior of appearance and disappearance of these dechiralization lines is also discussed. The second part of the work is devoted to several theoretical models to explain the experimental results. The first is based on the ionic hypothesis which gives a correct qualitative agreement with spectroscopic measurements ('(bias)) and optical observations (dechiralization lines). However, a competing model , in which the hysteresis highlighted at weak field, are due to the appearance of a ferrielectric order in the dechiralization lines system gives a better agreement. The latter has the advantage to account for the hysteresis curves of polarization versus electric field, made in addition to the spectroscopic measurements, which present a single-to-double loops as the frequency is varied. In a third part, the effects of aging of the FLC on one hand, and the surface anchoring intensity on the other are investigated. The aging under electric field, the unstable molecules of the FLC produce ions which influence the depolarization field and therefore indirectly the internal structure of the cells. These ions provide a direct contribution to the dielectric properties which partially mask the response of the FLC at the low frequency: real part of the dielectric permittivity, dielectric amplitude and relaxation frequency. By adjusting the Cole -Cole diagrams at high frequency, the effects of the helix are mainly studied as function of different parameters: temperature, static field and aging time. Finally, the dielectric properties of other cells with anchoring considered like more intense have been compared. Both for aging and for anchoring, we see a small quantitative change in the dielectric parameters of the FLC, without being able to give a really satisfactory theoretical explanation
Kabbara, Hiba. "Élaboration de nanoparticules par décharges spark nanosecondes dans des liquides diélectriques : compréhension des mécanismes élémentaires et synthèse de composites." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0038/document.
Повний текст джерелаDischarges in liquids offer a simple way to synthesize nanoparticles at high rate and low cost. When spark discharges are ignited in a dielectric liquid, a strong heating of the electrode material occurs, producing a metallic vapor from which nanoparticles grow by condensation. Even if most of the energy is dissipated in the formation of the discharge, the erosion of the metal electrodes allows the efficient production of NPs. The nature of the NPs formed is largely dependent on the dielectric liquid in which the discharge is performed. It is thus possible to control the nanoparticles produced by choosing the electrodes and the liquid in an appropriate manner. We seek in this work to understand the mechanisms that take place during the discharge by studying different cases of elaboration of NPs either alloys or composites. The synthesized NPs will have applications in various fields depending on the material(s) chosen. Using a nanosecond pulse generator, the discharges were created by applying a high voltage pulse (10 kV-200ns-10 Hz) between two electrodes immersed in liquid nitrogen. Three main systems have been studied: Si-Sn, Cu-Zn and Cu-Ag. The tests were performed with pure electrodes or alloys containing the 2 elements in varying proportions to improve our understanding of how nanoparticles are formed. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and micro-diffraction analyzes were carried out to characterize the synthesized NPs (morphology, crystallinity, chemical composition, etc.). Finally, time-resolved optical emission spectroscopy measurements were performed to obtain information on the temporal evolution of the lines emitted during the discharge and thus on the conditions that prevail in the plasma
Petit, Mohamed. "Etudes des propriétés électro-optiques, diélectriques et structurales d'un cristal liquide ferroélectrique stabilisé par un réseau polymère." Littoral, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007DUNK0186.
Повний текст джерелаWe report in this work the effect of an anisotropic polymer network formed from an achiral photo-reactive monomer in a short pitch chiral SmC* phase, on the coupling of liquid crystal molecules to applied electric field. The formation of the polymer network is based on a photo-induced self-structuring process and alignment of photo-reactive mesogenic monomers, initially dispersed in a SmC* liquid crystal matrix. This allows to a gel composite material. The self-structured network plays in turn a crucial role on the behaviour of the liquid crystal under external electric field. Experimental data, obtained from electro-optic and dielectric measurements, showed that the anisotropic polymer network stabilizes not only the helical structure of the ferroelectric SmC* phase, but also the orthogonal order of the paraelectric SmA phase. We have demonstrated this effect to be related to network morphology. AFM experiments have shown a fibrillar and anisotropic structure of the network. The experimental results were discussed in the framework of a simple phenomenological model, extended from the Landau model, including the bulk free energy arising from the liquid crystal/polymer anisotropic interaction, and the elastic free energy resulting from the anchoring of liquid crystal molecules at the polymer boundaries. The coupling parameter characterizing the liquid crystal/polymer interaction was evaluated as a function of polymer network density. This interaction can be qualified as “strong”, and results on the increase of the effective elasticity of the gels
Segovia, Mera Alejandro. "Effets de la dispersion de nanoparticules dans un cristal liquide ferroélectrique sur les propriétés ferroélectriques et de relaxations diélectriques." Thesis, Littoral, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017DUNK0461/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe present thesis work concerns materials made of dispersions of nanometric colloidal particles, from a bulk ferroelectric material, dispersed within a chiral smectic phase of a ferroelectric liquid crystal. The goal of this work is to study the effect of the dispersed nanoparticles over the nanocolloïd properties, specially the ones related to ferroelectricity. This study showed no change over mesomorphic and ferroelectric behavior of the materials. A decrease in spontaneous polarization and phase transition temperatures was found for low nanoparticle concentrations. A "transition" of these behaviors was observed for a critical concentration, beyond which, nanoparticles aggregate and form clusters inside the liquid crystal matrix. Afterwards, we have studied two dielectric relaxation modes. The first one related to distorsions of the helix in the ferroelectric phase and the second one to the compression movements of the smectic layers around the ferroelectric-paralectric transition. The observed behaviors seem to be due to modifications of the visco-elastic properties of nanocolloids, produced by intercalation of nanoparticles between the smectic layers
Bouteloup, Rémi. "Estimation de propriétés d'intérêt pour les électrolytes liquides." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR4016/document.
Повний текст джерелаLiquid electrolytes, composed of a salt dissolved in a solvent, are used in the composition of batteries and are the subject of numerous studies to improve their performance and safety. Of all the essential properties of an electrolyte, the most important is its ionic conductivity, which influences the battery's performance. For a given salt, the conductivity itself is mainly determined by the physico-chemical properties of the solvent such as its dielectric constant or its viscosity. The objective of this study is to develop models to estimate properties of interest of liquid electrolytes, in order to offer time savings to chemists, who will be able to eliminate inadequate compositions from the point of view of such or such property. The first part of this study presents a method to estimate the conductivity of an electrolyte, consisting of a LiPF6 salt in a solvent mixture. This method is based on new equations, to estimate the parameters of the Casteel-Amis equation, based on the physico-chemical properties of the solvent mixture, including the dielectric constant. The second part also presents a method to estimate the dielectric constant of a pure solvent, based on its chemical structure. This method is based on new additive models that estimate the parameters of the Kirkwood-Fröhlich equation. Two of these models estimate the density and refractive index of a liquid compound at room temperature. All the models developed can be used via a user interface
Beroual, Abderrahmane. "Phénomènes de propagation et de génération des streamers dans les diélectriques liquides en géométrie pointe-plan sous créneau de tension." Grenoble INPG, 1987. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01929451.
Повний текст джерелаOhayon, Eric. "Effets thermomécaniques créés par laser à exciplexes en géométrie confinée : application au traitement des matériaux métalliques par choc." Aix-Marseille 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX11038.
Повний текст джерелаCabaleiro, Juan Martín. "Etude du développement de la double couche électrique lors de la mise en écoulement d'un liquide diélectrique dans une conduite isolante." Poitiers, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007POIT2330.
Повний текст джерелаPhysicochemical reactions occurring at a solid-liquid interface are responsible for a charge zone called electrical double layer. At rest, the electrical double layer evolves during a certain development time, to reach an equilibrium charge distribution characterised by its thickness and by the space charge density in the liquid near the wall. Once the liquid is put in movement, the flow convects a part of these charges (the diffuse layer) modifying static equilibrium. As a result, a wall current develops and evolves to reach dynamic equilibrium. The analysis of the transient state allows for better understanding of this phenomenon. In this context, experiments have been made to determine the space charge density in the liquid near the wall and to estimate the reaction rates at the interface. Then, a first model was developed including transient state. This model uses global reaction rates and macroscopic quantities like liquid's bulk conductivity. Some hypotheses adopted for this model, concerning the independence of reaction rates on flow velocity or the formation time of the double layer profile normal to the wall where then analysed. In order to avoid using these hypotheses, a second model called "microscopic" was developed and implanted in Code_SATURNE, a fluid mechanics code created by "Electricité de France". This model will allow the simulation of flow electrification phenomena in complicated geometries and at industrial scale
Lefort, Thibaut. "Réseaux époxy/liquide ionique avec et sans anhydride : Etude des mécanismes de polymérisation et des propriétés diélectriques." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI126.
Повний текст джерелаIonic liquids (Ils) are salts exhibiting a low melting temperature (minus 100 °C). They display interesting properties such as good thermal and chemical stabilities and a high ionic conductivity. For example, these properties make them attractive as lubricant, electrolyte or additive in polymer science. In this thesis, ionic liquids are proposed as a solution for charge accumulation occurring in epoxy based insulators of gas insulated substations (GIS), under high voltage direct current (HVDC). An increase of conduction phenomenon is researched in order to reduce charge accumulation on the surface of insulators during their service. The influence of the addition of IL on the polymerisation of the epoxy network and its properties has been evaluated with and without a conventional anhydride hardener, using a phosphonium based IL, known as reactive and initiator of the epoxy polymerisation. Polymerisation mechanisms were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in liquid phase and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the networks and their microstructure by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and their morphology by electronic microscopy (SEM or TEM). Finally, dielectric properties were studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy and DC conductivity measurements and were discussed in function of the architecture of the different networks
Jawichian, Alex. "Effet d'un champ électrique ac non uniforme non intense sur un liquide diélectrique différentiellement chauffé." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI068.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, the concept of steady-state dielectrophoretic-induced convection in confined dielectric liquids, by means of non-uniform non-intense electric fields, is introduced and investigated. First, theoretical foundations of electrohydrodynamics are presented and a multiphysics coupling between fluids mechanics, heat transfers, and electrostatics is made evident. It is shown that a dielectrophoretic (DEP) torque arises at leading order provided that a non-uniform electric field is imposed. Thus, in microgravity conditions, the possibility of setting a dielectric liquid in motion, even with a modest electric field intensity, is shown to be finally conceivable in conductive regime as well as in boundary layer regime. In this work, steady ThermoElectroHydroDynamic (TEHD) convection is investigated for the case of a dielectric liquid confined in a differentially-heated square cavity, submitted to an electric potential gradient imposed from an electrode pair. Two electrode configurations, that generate the required non-uniform electric fields, are proposed: a partial planar electrode pair and a triangular electrode pair. Scaling analysis and a numerical study are developed in order to investigate dielectrophoretic-induced convective heat transfers. The scaling laws and the numerical results show that a significant enhancement of heat transfers is made possible from the use of a non-intense non-uniform electric field, with no need for giving rise to unstable regimes. An experimental approach is also considered, reintroducing gravity and buoyancy-driven convection. Silicon oil is confined in a cavity, formed in a Plexiglas block, and sealed by a pair of electrodes, one of them is connected to a high voltage AC amplifier while the other one is grounded. Both electrodes are kept at different but constant temperatures. By means of PIV imaging of fluorescent tracers, the velocity field in steady-state is measured and processed, and the effect of the imposed DEP torque on the whole flow is made evident. In comparison with numerical simulations, similar tendencies can be observed relative to each electrode configuration. Finally, the temperature is measured at different locations on the experimental bench for the configuration based on partial electrodes. In presence of gravity, heat transfer enhancement, expected from the application of a non-uniform electric field, is not particularly pronounced since the flow is dominated by thermal buoyancy
Yan, Zelu. "Étude des panaches électrohydrodynamiques plans." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT2279/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is related to the analysis of the structure of electrohydrodynamic plane plumes also called electrohydrodynamic jets in plane geometry. The aim of this work is to provide a more precise description and a better understanding of its physical phenomenon and to quantify the electric force using the simple models. Chapter I is a literature review which provides a summary of two flows with the structure very similar to EHD jets: classic jets and thermal plumes. Chapter II is devoted to the presentation of the experimental setup and method used in this study. The quality of the measurements obtained by the method of Particle Image Velocimetry is discussed; problems of non correlation and statistical convergence of the results are also discussed. The analysis of velocity fields allows us to identify the structure and propose a classification of the EHD plumes. Chapter III is devoted to the study of the electric force in the EHD plumes. The actuator used to produce the plane jet is a blade plane device. Three indirect methods were used to estimate the force from the velocity field. The first classical method called integral method calculates the force by volumetric integration of Navier-Stokes equations. The second method called RANS integral method estimates the force from each term of RANS equation using the average and fluctuating velocity components. Finally, the force is also calculated using a third approach with a simplified flow model based on the work of Malraison and Atten. In the last chapter, the study is extended to one type of électroconvectif flow: the electrical wall jet. It is generated by a dielectric barrier actuator. The study is carried out with two different dielectric liquids. As is the case with plane jet, the analysis of velocity fields is used to define the flow structures and calculate the force produced
Belarbi, Zoulikha. "Etude des propriétés électriques de la phtalocyanine de nickel et du mésogène discotique dérivé de la bis-phtalocyanine de lutétium : effet du dopage : étude du comportement diélectrique de cristaux liquides nématiques ou smectiques." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO19046.
Повний текст джерелаAllart, Alexandre. "Etude des propriétés physiques et dynamiques d’électrolytes mésogènes photosensibles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10127/document.
Повний текст джерелаSolid organic electrolytes are of major scientific interest from fundamental standpoint and they have numerous potential technological applications, such as high-capacity rechargeable batteries, fuel cells or sensors. One way to obtain these materials is to dissolve alkali salts into media based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) derivatives. Recently, it has been demonstrated that some geometric factors of these (macro)molecules, such as proximity of polar and non-polar elements, PEO chain length or partial ordering of the PEO segments, can improve the ionic conductivity. Based on these observations, photosensitive mesogenic compounds bearing PEO chains were doped with lithium salts. The physical characteristics of these hybrid materials have been investigated by optical microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and broadband dielectric spectroscopy. In particular, the ionic conductivity has been studied for two different anchoring conditions, i.e., planar and homeotropic. It is shown that the anisotropy of the liquid crystalline phase influences the ionic conductivity of the sample and thus the charge motion. Planar anchoring conditions provided the highest ionic conductivity. Then, the impact of UV irradiation on the molecular order has been investigated. Upon UV light, a Trans-Cis isomerisation mechanism of the azobenzene moieties present in the chore of the molecules takes places inducing the transformation of stick-like shape molecules (nematic phase) to chevron-like shape molecules (isotropic state). This phenomenon strongly affects the ionic conductivity evidencing the major role of the anisotropy on the conduction process. In order to investigate the dynamic properties of these systems under illumination a current/voltage study has also been carried out showing the potential use of these photosensitive mesogenic electrolytes as sensors. Finally, the LC phase has been stabilized by using a polymerization mechanism of photosensitive mesogenic monomers. It is interesting to point out that the fabricated gel exhibits enhanced electrical properties compared to that of the non-stabilized LC phase
Jaspard, Frédéric. "Caractérisation diélectrique du sang par spectroscopie de bio-impédance dans la bande [1 MHz - 1 Ghz] : conception et réalisation d'une cellule de mesure." Nancy 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001NAN10191.
Повний текст джерелаHouachtia, Afef. "Dielectric investigations on attograms and zeptograms of matter." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEI006/document.
Повний текст джерелаDielectric investigations on attograms (1 attogram = 10 -18 gram) and zeptograms of matter (1 zeptogram = 10 -21 gram) offer the possibility of exploring the transition between nanoscience and molecule physics, opening the door for fundamental questions in soft-matter physics, such as for instance “What is the minimum amount of matter necessary to “define” the material properties?”. The electric and dielectric properties of materials at this level are investigated by Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy. This technique provides an extraordinary broad frequency range, for measuring dielectric properties of matter, covering more than 10 orders of magnitude, typically from 10-3 to 10+7Hz. It ensures a precise characterization of large diversity of physical phenomena taking place at different length and time scales such as: phase transitions, density fluctuations, molecular fluctuations, charge transport processes, etc. Measurements on the scale of attograms and zeptograms require sample cells having all three dimensions on the nanometric length-scale. Based on the concept of employing nanocontainers as experimental cells, a novel experimental development allowing investigations on molecular dynamics and phase transitions of polymeric materials down to the level of zeptograms is demonstrated in the present PhD study. This approach enables one to crystallize tiny amounts of matter under high electric fields with the goal of inducing a macroscopic coherence of molecular functionalities. This could give rise to new material properties, not naturally available in the case of bulk materials
MʾKadmi, Allal. "Caractérisation diélectrique des cristaux liquides ferroélectriques." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10059.
Повний текст джерелаMuslim, Joko. "Study of dielectric liquids as alternative encapsulant for high temperature electronics power modules applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT109.
Повний текст джерелаTodays, power electronics cover wide range of applications in our daily life, starting from household appliances, communications, transportation systems up to harsh and extreme environment as in oil and gas exploration and the deep space missions. The main deliveries of power electronics are energy efficiency, compact size, reliability, long durability. Improving power electronics will surely mean to deal with materials, the packaging system, switching technologies, heat dissipation, dielectric properties, thermal stability etc. It was since the first arc-mercury rectifying in traction system, and then reshaped by the discovery of classical semiconductor (Si based) and ultimately the wide bandgap semiconductor materials, such as SiC, GaN and carbon based (diamond). They have superior thermal and dielectric properties compared to previous classical semiconductor technologies (Ge, Si and GaAs), and allow devices to operate at higher voltage, temperature and switching frequency in power modules. Unfortunately, these developments are not equally followed by other parts within, such as encapsulant.Despite their key roles to provide mechanical and electrical protection inside a power module, silicone gel as major encapsulant is limited to 200°C, which is far below devices (e.g. SiC at 500°C). Encapsulant came from polymerization and curing process of silicone liquids mixture and transforms into gel. They worked very well when assembly with classical SC devices, but not with WBG SC. Thus, it is necessary to solve this thermal related issue by improving silicone gel or start looking for other type of encapsulant with better thermal performance such as dielectric liquid or gas.Dielectric liquids have been used as insulating medium for high voltage (HV) applications for decades. Their excellent self-healing and arc quenching properties were used in the HV circuit breaker applications even though nowadays replaced by gas. Their low viscosity allow the fluid flow to exchange heat from internal source yielding effective cooling system as in power transformers. Other industries use dielectric liquids as heat transfer liquid at much higher temperature range compare to those in HV applications. Of course as heat transfer liquids, their dielectric properties are out of considerations. Nevertheless, having this wide range of applications spectrum, dielectric liquids seem rather promising and potential as alternative encapsulant. Some questions then aroused such as how are their electrical properties at high temperature (HT) approx. 400°C, are their dielectric properties stable at HT and can they contribute to cooling of devices inside power module.This work presents the initial study of dielectric liquids for HT power electronics module applications. We demonstrated the electrical characterization of several dielectric liquids under influence of temperature such as dielectric spectroscopy and ion mobility measurement, partial discharge, streamers and breakdown. Interesting physical phenomena such as liquid motions due to EHD and natural thermal convection were observed during experiments. Comparison among liquids are showed to indicate the most convenient. In term of application, conditions were adapted and simplified to replicate as those in power module when we performed characterizations to actual ceramic substrates under quasi-uniform to highly divergent electric field with AC, DC and impulse voltage. Many fundamental behaviours of liquids have been confirmed and evidenced at HT range. Governing parameters for electrical properties such as breakdown, charge injection etc. were affirmed.While not all aspects of encapsulant requirement in term of HT are covered, this work has established essential basis for electrical properties of dielectric liquids. Further works are required to fully assess their compatibility as alternative encapsulant, such as thermal ageing process, cooling contribution, complete modelling, etc
Dufour, Gaëtan. "Dispositifs hyperfréquences reconfigurables par des mécanismes micro-mécaniques et micro-fluidiques : conception, réalisation, mesures." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECLI0008/document.
Повний текст джерелаAs wireless networks evolve, the frequency bands they exploit multiply. Frequency multiplexing, beamforming and tracking, networks interoperability, those mutations increase the need for agility and tunability in the RF-front end systems. In this thesis, two innovative approaches for the design of tunable RF components are studied. First, a micro-mechanical reconfiguration mechanism is developed. This approach means to control the height of an air gap within the substrate of microstrip components in order to control their electrical dimensions. Considerations for the design and fabrication of a phase-shifter and a frequency tunable patch antenna are made and a low voltage piezoelectric actuation (+/- 30 V) is chosen. The phase-shifter figure of merit reaches up to 312 °/dB which is beyond the state of the art in terms of analogic phase-shifting. Regarding the antenna, the frequency tuning potentially reaches up to 35 \% of a central frequency of 55 GHz. Unlike the classic solidstate or RF-MEMS based solutions, this reconfiguration mechanism does not impact the radiation performance of the antenna whose radiation efficiency is 94 \%. In a second approach, a micro-fluidic solution is studied. Frequency tuning capability is created in different antennas by the flow of successive liquids with different permittivities in integrated micro-channels. A large frequency tuning of 51 \% for a central frequency of 22 GHz is achieved. This study goes along with the search and characterization of several fluids with the objective of increasing both the frequency shift and the radiation performance of those antennas
Agnus, Benoît. "Etude diélectrique de l'état "d'inhomogénéité" dans les liquides." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10666.
Повний текст джерелаRain, Pascal. "Étude des phénomènes prédisruptifs et disruptifs à grande distance dans l'huile minérale de transformateur sous tension alternative." Grenoble INPG, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992INPG0076.
Повний текст джерелаLeblond, Jean-Marc. "Caractérisation diélectrique non linéaire : application aux cristaux liquides ferroélectriques." Littoral, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006DUNK0172.
Повний текст джерелаThis work concerns theoretical and experimental aspects of nonlinear dielectric characterization and its application to ferroelectric liquid crystals. This is a new technics developped in our laboratory. The classical complex permittivity defined in the linear regim is extended to high electric fields where the material response becomes non linear. In such conditions, the current and the electric displacement induced under a sinusoidal electric field shows harmonic frequencies. Non linear complex permittivities ε*(n,m) traduce the electric field mth power contribution to displacement D*(n) harmonic. Non linear dielectric characterization gives more informations on the material behaviour and then should allow physical parameters determination. The development of two measurement set-up based on current spectral analysis was necessary. The first one, limited to measurements up to several kHz, uses a current-voltage converter and a sampling device. The current spectral analysis is performed with a numerical treatment. The second set-up is original and based on an extension to non linear regim of the use of an analogue auto-balanced bridge. This set-up presents the advantage to cover a larger frequency range (up to several 100 kHz). Ferroelectric liquid crystals are interesting materials to apply this technics : theoretical models of the SmA and SmC* phases exist and non linear behaviour should appear at relatively low electric fields. Experimental results obtained in both SmC* and SmA de Vries phases show good agreement with the theoretical predictions. In the SmC* phase, dielectric spectra analysis allows material physical parameters determination : spontaneous polarization, rotational viscosity, elastic term. In the SmA phase, static permittivities and electro-optical measurements give Landau theory parameters of the SmA-SmC* phases transition
Wu, Jian. "Contribution to numerical simulation of electrohydrodynamics flows : application to electro-convection and electro-thermo-convection between two parallel plates." Thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012POIT2263/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, a numerical approach is presented to simulate the electro- and electro-thermo convection in dielectric liquids. The total variation diminishing (TVD) scheme and improved deferred correction (IDC) scheme are used to compute the convective and diffusive respectively. The aim of TVD scheme is to avoid non-physical oscillations and to capture high gradient of charge density. Some fundarnental aspects related to TVD and LDC schemes are investigated firstly. A unified approach for TVD schemes is explained and various limiter functions are compared. The connection among three methods for diffusive flux computation has been revealed. The original IDC scheme is improved by the application of 2nd order gradient evaluation method.The electro-convection between two parallel plates is then simulated. The methodology was assessed by the determination of the linear and nonlinear stability criterion. By continuously increasing the driving parameter, the successive instabilities and route to chaotic state has been defined. The effects of the diffusion mechanism for the charge density and vertical walls on the hysteresis 100p and the structure are also investigated. The last part is to simuiate electro-thermo-convection when injection and thermal gradient are simultaneously applied. Our solver was verified with a stationary and an overstable stability problem.The case that both heating and injection are from a bottom electrode has been analyzed in details. The neutral stabiliïy curve was reproduced. The existence of nonlinear phenornenon and the structure are highlighted
Saker, Abdou El-Illah. "Caractérisation des décharges rampantes à l'interface liquide diélectrique-solide isolant." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0015.
Повний текст джерелаNjeumo, Romain. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique moléculaire dans les polymères cristaux liquides par relaxation diélectrique à large bande de fréquences." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10116.
Повний текст джерелаChassagnoux, Raphaël. "Etude des propriétés diélectriques de l'azote liquide et diphasique dans le cadre du limiteur de courant." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT104.
Повний текст джерелаThe increasing number of interconnections in electrical networks and the massive integration of renewable energies nowadays comes with an increase of short circuit currents, and more constraints on high voltage circuit breaker during the current clearance. To solve this problem, a solution consists in inserting a fault current limiting device on electrical lines. Among the available technologies, the superconducting fault current limiter is ideal from the perspective of transmission system operator. However the design of this device is non-trivial, especially the electrical insulation, which is very specific to this apparatus: electrical insulation in a cryogenic environment (liquid nitrogen at - 196°C), superconducting tapes inducing electric field reinforcement, and strong transient heating generating numerous vapor bubbles.In this context, the aim of this work is to gather data and knowledge supporting the design of future superconducting fault current limiters. First, the case study of a fault current limiter model inserted on an electrical line allowed to deduce the main stresses on this device during its working sequence. These constraints are then reproduced within a high voltage cryostat. Experimental results gathered include breakdown voltages measured in various conditions of voltage type (DC or impulse voltage), pressure (from 1 to 4 bars), temperature (from 65 to 77 K), inter electrode gap (from 5 to 10 mm), with and without transient heating of the tape. The observation of boiling conditions and pre breakdown phenomena evidenced several new phenomena, and allowed to perform a qualitative interpretation of the breakdown voltages. An important result is the observation of the complex and sometimes adverse effect of subcooling (temperature decrease or pressure increase) on breakdown voltages, due to the variation of nitrogen bubbles size
Zhang, Fuli. "Technologies des métamatériaux électromagnétiques en volume : application aux éléments de guidage et de rayonnement." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10058/document.
Повний текст джерелаRecently, metamaterial has attracted much attention due to unique property such as negative index. This thesis is devoted to various aspects of this field: left and right handed balanced structure, low loss, tunability and Mie resonance based metamaterial. An omega-like left and right handed balanced metamaterial was proposed following the guideline of equality of magnetic and electric plasma frequency. It is shown that this metamaterial exhibits a broad passband from 8.0 - 16.0 GHz with a transition frequency at 13.6 GHz between negative and positive index branches. Then, an omega-type left handed metamaterial (LHM) operating at millimeter wavelengths was fabricated. The left handed passband centered around 80 GHz was observed. The low insertion loss of -0.5 dB/cell may meet requirement of practical application. We studied tunable metamaterial based on nematic liquid crystal. Magnetically tunable split ring resonator shows a resonance dip shift of 300 MHz under external magnetic field. Then a tunable LHM was fabricated. Effective index variation of 0.25 arising from liquid crystal reorientation was found. Finally, we investigated Mie resonance based dielectric resonator and its related application. Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 (BST) cube exhibits isotropic magnetic resonance for tilted incidence. Besides, a thin layer of BST cubes can perform as an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) due to in-phase reflection around magnetic resonance. Such an AMC enhances directivity of antenna more than two times. In addition, a full dielectric cloak was also demonstrated numerically by radically positioning BST rectangular bricks
Roux, Sylvie. "Isolation diélectrique des circuits intégrés de puissance par recristallisation en phase liquide." Toulouse, INSA, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ISAT0039.
Повний текст джерелаThis work takes part of the integration of power devices. Indeed, the main concern within the power electronics is the co-existence in the same substrate of devices using high currents and/or high voltages and of small signal devices. This study meets the need of dimensions shrinking, number of chips reduction, connectivity shrinking and cost reduction. To perform this integration we have chosen to study a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate, which, due to this buried oxyde layer, allows to obtain a silicon area insulated from the bulk silicon. The method chosen to realize the SOI substrate has the advantage to perform a localized SOI layer. This means that the wafer surface is covered by alternately SOI layer and bulk silicon. To realize this localized SOI substrate, we are using a technique called LEGO for Lateral Epitaxial Growth over Oxide, which consists in the recrystallization in liquid phase of a polycrystalline silicon layer over oxyde beginning from monocystalline seed area. After the state of the art about the different SOI techniques, we present the description of the process for realizing SOI layers. Then, the technological part of the process is explained, whose development took place in the LAAS/CNRS clean room, in addition we present the realization of devices in SOI substrate. Some results of physical and electrical characterizations of the SOI substrate realized by LEGO are exposed and analysed
Ismaili, Mimoun. "Effet Frederiks optique dans les nématiques : contributions thermique et diélectrique à la photoréfractivité." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10131.
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