Статті в журналах: "Local positioning systems"

1

Leser, Roland, Arnold Baca, and Georg Ogris. "Local Positioning Systems in (Game) Sports." Sensors 11, no. 10 (October 19, 2011): 9778–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s111009778.

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Guevara, J., A. R. Jiménez, J. C. Prieto, and F. Seco. "Auto-localization algorithm for local positioning systems." Ad Hoc Networks 10, no. 6 (August 2012): 1090–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2012.02.003.

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Wu, Lijun, and Fabio Casciati. "Local positioning systems versus structural monitoring: a review." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 21, no. 9 (January 19, 2014): 1209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.1643.

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4

Gao, Honghao, Shuoping Wang, and Hongquan Lu. "Local Positioning Systems for Mobile Devices based on Ontology." Information Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2010): 168–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/itj.2011.168.174.

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5

Borodko, A. "LOCAL POSITIONING TECHNOLOGIES FOR IIoT DEVICES." Telecom IT 9, no. 2 (July 28, 2021): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31854/2307-1303-2021-9-2-21-29.

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Research subject. The article discusses the technical and mathematical features of technologies and methods used in the construction of local positioning systems. Local positioning technologies. Method. Collection, analysis and comparison of published information on technologies in the field of local positioning. The main technologies and methods that allow solving the problem of local positioning are highlighted. Core results. In the course of the work carried out, a review of existing solutions in the field of local positioning was made, the main technologies and methods were highlighted that allow solving the problem of local positioning. The approaches to solving the problem of local positioning within the framework of the concept of the industrial Internet of things were considered and the main requirements were highlighted. Methods for increasing the positioning accuracy are considered. The most effective from the point of view of the industrial Internet of things have been identified. Practical relevance. The basis for the construction of a mathematical model has been prepared, consisting of analytical, algorithmic and simulation submodels. The model is proposed to be created according to the requirements put forward for the industrial positioning system.

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6

Averin, D., V. Borovytsky, and S. Tuzhanskyi. "Local Positioning Systems for Drones without Usage of Digital Cameras." Optoelectronic Information-Power Technologies 42, no. 2 (October 24, 2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31649/1681-7893-2021-42-2-5-11.

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The article describes drone positioning systems that ensure reliable takeoff, landing and delivery of cargo without the use of digital cameras and their classification. This classification includes all combinations of sources and receivers of radiation that may be located both on the drone and on the landing or cargo delivery area. An analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each system and recommendations for choosing the best drone positioning system.

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7

Nowak, Thorsten, and Andreas Eidloth. "Dynamic multipath mitigation applying unscented Kalman filters in local positioning systems." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 3, no. 3 (March 25, 2011): 365–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078711000274.

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Multipath propagation is still one of the major problems in local positioning systems today. Especially in indoor environments, the received signals are disturbed by blockages and reflections. This can lead to a large bias in the user's time-of-arrival (TOA) value. Thus multipath is the most dominant error source for positioning. In order to improve the positioning performance in multipath environments, recent multipath mitigation algorithms based upon the concept of sequential Bayesian estimation are used. The presented approach tries to overcome the multipath problem by estimating the channel dynamics, using unscented Kalman filters (UKF). Simulations on artificial and measured channels from indoor as well as outdoor environments show the profit of the proposed estimator model. Furthermore, the quality of channel estimation applying the UKF and the channel sounding capabilities of the estimator are shown.

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Aguilera, Teodoro, Fernando J. Alvarez, David Gualda, Jose Manuel Villadangos, Alvaro Hernandez, and Jesus Urena. "Multipath Compensation Algorithm for TDMA-Based Ultrasonic Local Positioning Systems." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 67, no. 5 (May 2018): 984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2794939.

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Aguilera, Teodoro, Fernando J. Álvarez, José A. Paredes, and José A. Moreno. "Doppler compensation algorithm for chirp-based acoustic local positioning systems." Digital Signal Processing 100 (May 2020): 102704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsp.2020.102704.

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Rempel, Petr, and Alexey Borisov. "Local System of Positioning Using a Wifi Network." MATEC Web of Conferences 155 (2018): 01014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815501014.

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The WiFi technology is widespread. To launch the WiFi network is very simply, thus, they meet so often. Knowledge of the location of the antennas Wi-fi is very important for internal localization (position fix of an object). System of positioning of Wi-fi (WPS) or WiPS/WFPS are used where GPS and GLONASS are unavailable because of different reasons including multipath and signal blocking indoors. Such systems include as well internal systems of positioning. Use of Wi-fi not for creation of a network, and (for example, positioning of devices on the WiFi network) is urgent for other purposes because there is a rapid growth at the beginning of the 21st century of wireless access points in urban areas. This article discusses practical application of a method of localization with use of WiFi of access points which is based on measurement of intensity of the received signal (indication of the received signal or RSSI). Here the device which executes the measurements necessary for system operation is described. Some formulas for computation of layout of the device are given. Results of system operation are considered with different layouts of access points in the given space and different environments.

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11

Wu, Cheng Dong, Zhao Li, and Yun Zhou Zhang. "A WLS-Based Linearized Auto-Localization Algorithm for Local Positioning Systems." Advanced Materials Research 791-793 (September 2013): 1368–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.791-793.1368.

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The Linearized Auto-Localization (LAL) algorithm estimates the position of beacon nodes in Local Positioning Systems (LPSs) which are based on the transmission of ultrasonic signals and proposed for indoor positioning of mobile robots. In this paper we propose an improved auto-localization algorithm based on weighted least squares (WLS). The improved algorithm depends on the different error estimations which caused by the different relative positions of the beacons and the measurements nodes. Simulation results show that our WLS-based Linearized Auto-Localization Algorithm can provide improved accuracy in both distance estimation and position estimation.

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12

Mannay, Khaoula, Jesús Ureña, Álvaro Hernández, Mohsen Machhout, and Taoufik Aguili. "Characterization of an Ultrasonic Local Positioning System for 3D Measurements." Sensors 20, no. 10 (May 14, 2020): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102794.

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Indoor location and positioning systems (ILPS) are used to locate and track people, as well as mobile and/or connected targets, such as robots or smartphones, not only inside buildings with a lack of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals but also in constrained outdoor situations with reduced coverage. Indoor positioning applications and their interest are growing in certain environments, such as commercial centers, airports, hospitals or factories. Several sensory technologies have already been applied to indoor positioning systems, where ultrasounds are a common solution due to its low cost and simplicity. This work proposes a 3D ultrasonic local positioning system (ULPS), based on a set of three asynchronous ultrasonic beacon units, capable of transmitting coded signals independently, and on a 3D mobile receiver prototype. The proposal is based on the aforementioned beacon unit, which consists of five ultrasonic transmitters oriented towards the same coverage area and has already been proven in 2D positioning by applying hyperbolic trilateration. Since there are three beacon units available, the final position is obtained by merging the partial results from each unit, implementing a minimum likelihood estimation (MLE) fusion algorithm. The approach has been characterized, and experimentally verified, trying to maximize the coverage zone, at least for typical sizes in most common public rooms and halls. The proposal has achieved a positioning accuracy below decimeters for 90% of the cases in the zone where the three ultrasonic beacon units are available, whereas these accuracies can degrade above decimeters according to whether the coverage from one or more beacon units is missing. The experimental workspace covers a large volume, where tests have been carried out at points placed in two different horizontal planes.

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13

Rico-González, Markel, José Pino-Ortega, Fabio Y. Nakamura, Felipe Arruda Moura, Daniel Rojas-Valverde, and Asier Los Arcos. "Past, present, and future of the technological tracking methods to assess tactical variables in team sports: A systematic review." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 4 (July 1, 2020): 281–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337120932023.

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The main aim of this work was to review the use of technological tracking methods to assess collective spatial-positioning variables in team sports. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and PICO design for systematic reviews, study identification was performed in four databases (PubMed, SPORTDiscus, ProQuest Central, and Web of Science). Articles were selected if they focused on player position and technological tracking methods. After duplicate removal, 2194 articles were identified based on the established search criteria, of which 72 articles were selected and analysed. Semi-automatic optic-based systems, Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite Systems, and local positioning systems were used in 60%, 33% and 7% of the studies, respectively. All studies that measured tactical variables by local positioning system technology in team sports used local position measurement technology. Optic-based systems were used more often in the early years to analyse collective tactical behaviour during competition. Later, Global Positioning System/Global Navigation Satellite Systems became more frequent to measure behaviour in team sports during the training process. The possibility of using the same system during competition and training will facilitate the assessment of collective tactical behaviour in team sports.

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14

Diez-Gonzalez, Javier, Ruben Alvarez, and Hilde Perez. "Optimized Cost-Effective Node Deployments in Asynchronous Time Local Positioning Systems." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 154671–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3018624.

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15

Wallbaum, Michael. "A priori error estimates for wireless local area network positioning systems." Pervasive and Mobile Computing 3, no. 5 (October 2007): 560–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2007.02.002.

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16

Krasnov, Timur V., Valery N. Bondarenko, Denis S. Feoktistov, Vadim F. Garifullin, and Evgenij V. Bogatyrev. "Kalman filtering of coordinates determination for local positioning systems mobile objects." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1399 (December 2019): 033019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1399/3/033019.

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17

Gualda, David, Jesús Ureña, Juan C. García, Enrique García, and José Alcalá. "Simultaneous calibration and navigation (SCAN) of multiple ultrasonic local positioning systems." Information Fusion 45 (January 2019): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2018.01.005.

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18

Rudolph, Alexander, Torsten Kleinschmidt, Marcel Blank, and Jürgen Adamy. "LoPS – Lokales Positionsbestimmungssystem (LoPS – Local Positioning System)." at - Automatisierungstechnik 52, no. 5-2004 (May 2004): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/auto.52.5.218.32211.

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19

Heidrich, J., D. Brenk, J. Essel, S. Schwarzer, R. Herschmann, B. Geck, G. Fischer, and R. Weigel. "Local positioning with sensor-enabled passive multistandard RFID transponders." Advances in Radio Science 8 (November 17, 2010): 263–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-8-263-2010.

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Abstract. RFID is used today in many fields of every day life like access control, anti-theft protection or logistics. Within this article a short overview of the basic RFID principles and the EPC protocol flow is given at first. Afterwards new design approaches for RFID systems within the scope of the research project RFID-S are presented.

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20

Filjar, Renato, Darko Huljenić, and Saša Dešić. "Distributed Positioning: A Network-Supported Method for Satellite Positioning Performance Improvement." Journal of Navigation 55, no. 3 (September 2002): 477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463302001996.

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Recent studies show that basic satellite positioning is reaching its limits in terms of performance improvements. Further enhancements in positioning performance can be based almost entirely on augmentation and procedures supported by other systems. Considering the complexity of the interrelationship with additional systems, intrinsically different solutions are being developed to solve the positioning performance improvement problem. Here we present a new concept in positioning. Dubbed distributed positioning, it merges basic satellite positioning with advanced and assisted positioning procedures. The resulting complex synergy unavoidably includes the use of additional technologies in mobile communications, wireless Internet, and advanced computer systems. The real advantage from the introduction of distributed positioning lies in its capability to provide a significant improvement in overall positioning performance. Latest navigation status and up-to-date local environment models are much easier to apply on rover positioning, compared with classical assisted-GPS positioning procedures. Distributed positioning presents a completely different approach in positioning performance improvement, opening new prospects in research and development not only in the field of the satellite positioning, but also in telecommunications and computer engineering.

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Bragin, D. S., I. V. Pospelova, I. V. Cherepanova, and V. N. Serebryakova. "Radiofrequency Technologies of Local Positioning in Healthcare." Journal of the Russian Universities. Radioelectronics 23, no. 3 (July 21, 2020): 62–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/1993-8985-2020-23-3-62-79.

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Introduction. Localization of objects position in closed space plays an important role in many areas of human activity, including medicine. Using indoor-positioning technologies as a part of telemedicine systems allows one to improve the quality of medical care and to reduce mortality of patients. Therefore, indoor-positioning technologies contribute to achieve the goals outlined in the Russian Federation government`s program "Healthcare development". Aim. To study the applicability of modern radiofrequency technologies for localization of patients inside a hospital building. Materials and methods. Scientific sources devoted to indoor-positioning based on radiofrequency technologies were analyzed. The methods used included: - bibliographic retrieval; - selection and verification of sources based on their relevance; - analysis of sources by methods of deconstruction and comparative analysis . Results. The result of the analysis indicated that radiofrequency positioning technologies allow one to locate objects using radio waves properties. The disadvantage of the technology is the penetration of radio signal through walls and floors. Given this, it is necessary to use complex algorithms to detect an object with accuracy to a specific room. Despite this disadvantage, radiofrequency technologies can be used for positioning in medical facilities since they are easy in deployment and service. Also, they are used in ready-made commercial solutions. ZigBee technology is an exception because it does not allow one to track moving objects in real-time. Conclusion. Based on the study it was concluded that BLE technology is the most suitable for indoor-positioning in medical facilities. It is energy-efficient, it has sufficiently fast data transfer rate, good communication radius and a large range of ready-made communication equipment. It is also worth noting that most wireless medical sensors exchange data via the BLE interface.

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Díez-González, Javier, Paula Verde, Rubén Ferrero-Guillén, Rubén Álvarez, and Hilde Pérez. "Hybrid Memetic Algorithm for the Node Location Problem in Local Positioning Systems." Sensors 20, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 5475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195475.

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Local Positioning Systems (LPS) have shown excellent performance for applications that demand high accuracy. They rely on ad-hoc node deployments which fit the environment characteristics in order to reduce the system uncertainties. The obtainment of competitive results through these systems requires the solution of the Node Location Problem (finding the optimal cartesian coordinates of the architecture sensors). This problem has been assigned as NP-Hard, therefore a heuristic solution is recommended for addressing this complex problem. Genetic Algorithms (GA) have shown an excellent trade-off between diversification and intensification in the literature. However, in Non-Line-of-Sight (NLOS) environments in which there is not continuity in the fitness function evaluation of a particular node distribution among contiguous solutions, challenges arise for the GA during the exploration of new potential regions of the space of solutions. Consequently, in this paper, we first propose a Hybrid GA with a combination of the GA operators in the evolutionary process for the Node Location Problem. Later, we introduce a Memetic Algorithm (MA) with a Local Search (LS) strategy for exploring the most different individuals of the population in search of improving the previous results. Finally, we combine the Hybrid Genetic Algorithm (HGA) and Memetic Algorithm (MA), designing an enhanced novel methodology for solving the Node Location Problem, a Hybrid Memetic Algorithm (HMA). Results show that the HMA proposed in this article outperforms all of the individual configurations presented and attains an improvement of 14.2% in accuracy for the Node Location Problem solution in the scenario of simulations with regards to the previous GA optimizations of the literature.

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Gushchina, E., N. Yushkova, and D. Dontsov. "Providing of Social Functions in Regional Systems: Institutional Designing or Local Positioning." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 272, no. 3 (June 22, 2019): 032232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/272/3/032232.

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24

Radovanovic, R. S., N. EI-Sheimy, T. Richert, and W. F. Teskey. "Local datum definition and geodetic network positioning using global navigation satellite systems." Journal of Geodesy 78, no. 4-5 (October 20, 2004): 283–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00190-004-0400-7.

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25

Szabova, Martina, and Frantisek Duchon. "Survey Of GNSS Coordinates Systems." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 24 (August 30, 2016): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n24p33.

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The use of satellite positioning systems to determine position in reference frame can introduce serious practical difficulties. The problem can be in the fields of navigation, map revision or cadastral surveying. It arises because in local area the local coordinate system were used. The problem can be solved by transformation between coordinates frame. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) don’t use same reference frame and it is important to know transformation between this systems. This paper works with information of many international organizations and their documents. It contains information about reference coordinate system of GNSS, information about local coordinates system used in North America, UK, and Europe.

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Díez-González, Javier, Rubén Álvarez, Natalia Prieto-Fernández, and Hilde Perez. "Local Wireless Sensor Networks Positioning Reliability Under Sensor Failure." Sensors 20, no. 5 (March 5, 2020): 1426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20051426.

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Local Positioning Systems are collecting high research interest over the last few years. Its accurate application in high-demanded difficult scenarios has revealed its stability and robustness for autonomous navigation. In this paper, we develop a new sensor deployment methodology to guarantee the system availability in case of a sensor failure of a five-node Time Difference of Arrival (TDOA) localization method. We solve the ambiguity of two possible solutions in the four-sensor TDOA problem in each combination of four nodes of the system by maximizing the distance between the two possible solutions in every target possible location. In addition, we perform a Genetic Algorithm Optimization in order to find an optimized node location with a trade-off between the system behavior under failure and its normal operating condition by means of the Cramer Rao Lower Bound derivation in each possible target location. Results show that the optimization considering sensor failure enhances the average values of the convergence region size and the location accuracy by 31% and 22%, respectively, in case of some malfunction sensors regarding to the non-failure optimization, only suffering a reduction in accuracy of less than 5% under normal operating conditions.

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27

Shanurov, G. A., and A. D. Manilova. "Mobile scanning complex positioning accuracy depending on the coordinate systems used." Geodesy and Cartography 919, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2017-919-1-13-17.

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Inertial coordinate system and geodetic (terrestrial) coordinate system are used in processing of results of topographic survey, carried out with a mobile scanning complex. Mobile scanning complex geodetic coordinates, in turn, are presented in geodetic three-dimensional rectangular coordinate system form, in geodetic ellipsoidal coordinate system form and in the form of coordinates on a geodetic projection plane. The results of research, carried out earlier [4–7], suggest that the coordinate transformation on large areas distorts geodetic points coordinates. The article presents the results of similar investigations, but applied to a local area, limited by a mobile scanning complex surveying area. The accuracy of the mobile scanning complex coordinates is characterized by the mobile scanning complex coordinates errors cofactor matrix. It turned out that the local site sequential coordinate transformation procedure from one coordinate system to another coordinate system does not introduce any distortion into the mobile scanning complex coordinates.

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Datta-Barua, Seebany, Jiyun Lee, Sam Pullen, Ming Luo, Alexandru Ene, Di Qiu, Godwin Zhang, and Per Enge. "Ionospheric Threat Parameterization for Local Area Global-Positioning-System-Based Aircraft Landing Systems." Journal of Aircraft 47, no. 4 (July 2010): 1141–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.46719.

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Kokoreva, Elena Viktorovna, and Ksenia Igorevna Shurygina. "Analysis of service quality indicators in a local positioning system based on ZigBee technology." Программные системы и вычислительные методы, no. 4 (April 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0714.2020.4.34456.

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One of the topical areas of the digital economy is the development of services based on the use of systems for local positioning of objects. The article presents the results of analytical modeling of a positioning system built on the equipment of the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of data transmission in a ZigBee network. As a modeling tool, the mathematical apparatus of queuing networks (CeMO) was selected, which has proven its effectiveness for calculating the characteristics of various infocommunication systems. The method of analysis of average values was chosen by the authors to assess the quality of service indicators due to its computational simplicity and the adequacy of the results obtained. The authors have developed a structural diagram of the investigated positioning system. On the basis of the network architecture, a conceptual, algorithmic and software model in the form of a closed homogeneous queuing network has been developed and its characteristics have been calculated. The parameters obtained as a result of modeling make it possible to evaluate and analyze the quality of service indicators in the telecommunications segment of the local positioning system under study, such as latency, performance, network load factor and the probability of losses, which can be used for efficient traffic management in the telecommunications segment of the geolocation system based on IEEE 802.15.4 standard.

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30

Hinze, Heinrich, and Günter Seeber. "Ice-Motion Determination by Means of Satellite Positioning Systems." Annals of Glaciology 11 (1988): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0260305500006297.

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The satellite positioning systems, NNSS or Transit system and NAVSTAR-GPS, are used successfully for the determination of ice motion. The ice motion is derived from the change in the coordinates of a station between at least two measurement epochs. Simultaneous satellite observations on solid-ground-based and on ice stations yield precise relative or local coordinates between the stations. The ice motion can be determined very accurately from the variation in these coordinates. The field observations and post-processing steps, which differ slightly for the two positioning systems, are outlined. Results for several examples are presented. Ice-motion solutions are discussed for data from Anvers Island (NNSS), from Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (NNSS, GPS), and from Ekström Ice Shelf (NNSS, GPS). Slow velocities of a few dm/d could be estimated in the course of one field season and the velocity values found are confirmed by annual station displacements.

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Hinze, Heinrich, and Günter Seeber. "Ice-Motion Determination by Means of Satellite Positioning Systems." Annals of Glaciology 11 (1988): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500006297.

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The satellite positioning systems, NNSS or Transit system and NAVSTAR-GPS, are used successfully for the determination of ice motion. The ice motion is derived from the change in the coordinates of a station between at least two measurement epochs. Simultaneous satellite observations on solid-ground-based and on ice stations yield precise relative or local coordinates between the stations. The ice motion can be determined very accurately from the variation in these coordinates. The field observations and post-processing steps, which differ slightly for the two positioning systems, are outlined. Results for several examples are presented. Ice-motion solutions are discussed for data from Anvers Island (NNSS), from Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (NNSS, GPS), and from Ekström Ice Shelf (NNSS, GPS). Slow velocities of a few dm/d could be estimated in the course of one field season and the velocity values found are confirmed by annual station displacements.

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32

Pino, Giovanni, Gianluigi Guido, Alessandro M. Peluso, and Marco Pichierri. "Assessing the strategic needs of local territorial systems (LTSs)." Journal of Place Management and Development 11, no. 4 (October 8, 2018): 463–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmd-08-2017-0076.

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Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the literature on place marketing by focusing on the concept of strategic needs, i.e. the set of strategic priorities that a place could achieve in a medium- to long-term horizon to improve its development. Design/methodology/approach The research examines the strategic needs of four local territorial systems (LTSs), i.e. clusters of municipalities that share social, economic and spatial similarities, located in a southern Italian province, through an analysis of their competitive positioning over three temporal instants. Findings For each LTS, the analysis identified a number of development goals that local policymakers could pursue and the strategies most suitable to achieve the said goals. Originality/value This paper proposes a new methodological approach to set the development goals of local areas based on the simultaneous assessment of their attractiveness and competitive capacity.

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Ma, Hongyang, Qile Zhao, Sandra Verhagen, Dimitrios Psychas, and Xianglin Liu. "Assessing the Performance of Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in the Local Area." Remote Sensing 12, no. 20 (October 13, 2020): 3343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12203343.

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The benefits of an increased number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in space have been confirmed for the robustness and convergence time of standard precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, as well as improved accuracy when (most of) the ambiguities are fixed. Yet, it is still worthwhile to investigate fast and high-precision GNSS parameter estimation to meet user needs. This contribution focuses on integer ambiguity resolution-enabled Precise Point Positioning (PPP-RTK) in the use of the observations from four global navigation systems, i.e., GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo (European Global Navigation Satellite System), BDS (Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), and GLONASS (Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema). An undifferenced and uncombined PPP-RTK model is implemented for which the satellite clock and phase bias corrections are computed from the data processing of a group of stations in a network and then provided to users to help them achieve integer ambiguity resolution on a single receiver by calibrating the satellite phase biases. The dataset is recorded in a local area of the GNSS network of the Netherlands, in which 12 stations are regarded as the reference to generate the corresponding corrections and 21 as the users to assess the performance of the multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in both kinematic and static positioning mode. The results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) errors of the ambiguity float solutions can achieve the same accuracy level of the ambiguity fixed solutions after convergence. The combined GNSS cases, on the contrary, reduce the horizontal RMS of GPS alone with 2 cm level to GPS + Galileo/GPS + Galileo + BDS/GPS + Galileo + BDS + GLONASS with 1 cm level. The convergence time benefits from both multi-GNSS and fixing ambiguities, and the performances of the ambiguity fixed solution are comparable to those of the multi-GNSS ambiguity float solutions. For instance, the convergence time of GPS alone ambiguity fixed solutions to achieve 10 cm three-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracy is 39.5 min, while it is 37 min for GPS + Galileo ambiguity float solutions; moreover, with the same criterion, the convergence time of GE ambiguity fixed solutions is 19 min, which is better than GPS + Galileo + BDS + GLONASS ambiguity float solutions with 28.5 min. The experiments indicate that GPS alone occasionally suffers from a wrong fixing problem; however, this problem does not exist in the combined systems. Finally, integer ambiguity resolution is still necessary for multi-GNSS in the case of fast achieving very-high-accuracy positioning, e.g., sub-centimeter level.

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Cai, Wen Yang, and Gao Yong Luo. "Autocorrelation Phase Measurement of Spread Spectrum Signal for High Precision Indoor Microwave Positioning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.31.

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The increasing demand for high precision indoor positioning in many public services has urged research to implement cost-effective systems for a rising number of applications. However, current systems with either short-range positioning technology based on wireless local area networks (WLAN) and ZigBee achieving meter-level accuracy, or ultra-wide band (UWB) and 60 GHz communication technology achieving high precision but with high cost required, could not meet the need of indoor wireless positioning. This paper presents a new method of high precision indoor positioning by autocorrelation phase measurement of spread spectrum signal utilizing carrier frequency lower than 1 GHz, thereby decreasing power emission and hardware cost. The phase measurement is more sensitive to the distance of microwave transmission than timing, thus achieving higher positioning accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed positioning method can achieve high precision of less than 1 centimeter decreasing when various noise and interference added.

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Zhang, Xing, Lin Ma, Xue Zhi Tan, and Shi Zeng Guo. "A Novel Algorithm Based on Clustering and Access Points Selection for Indoor Fingerprint Localization." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 3527–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.3527.

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With the growing popularity of location-based service (LBS), wireless local area networks (WLAN) indoor positioning has gained widespread attention. Unlike the traditional algorithm concentrating on positioning accuracy, we discuss how to improve the real-time property in WLAN indoor fingerprinting localization systems. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm which first divides the positioning area into sub-areas utilizing k-means clustering, and then selects appropriate access points (APs) for positioning to make the calculated amount as less as possible. By collecting data and performing in the real WLAN environment, our proposed algorithm shows high positioning accuracy while the computational burden has been decreased almost 93.7%.

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Min, Haigen, Xia Wu, Chaoyi Cheng, and Xiangmo Zhao. "Kinematic and Dynamic Vehicle Model-Assisted Global Positioning Method for Autonomous Vehicles with Low-Cost GPS/Camera/In-Vehicle Sensors." Sensors 19, no. 24 (December 9, 2019): 5430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19245430.

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Real-time, precise and low-cost vehicular positioning systems associated with global continuous coordinates are needed for path planning and motion control in autonomous vehicles. However, existing positioning systems do not perform well in urban canyons, tunnels and indoor parking lots. To address this issue, this paper proposes a multi-sensor positioning system that combines a global positioning system (GPS), a camera and in-vehicle sensors assisted by kinematic and dynamic vehicle models. First, the system eliminates image blurring and removes false feature correspondences to ensure the local accuracy and stability of the visual simultaneous localisation and mapping (SLAM) algorithm. Next, the global GPS coordinates are transferred to a local coordinate system that is consistent with the visual SLAM process, and the GPS and visual SLAM tracks are calibrated with the improved weighted iterative closest point and least absolute deviation methods. Finally, an inverse coordinate system conversion is conducted to obtain the position in the global coordinate system. To improve the positioning accuracy, information from the in-vehicle sensors is fused with the interacting multiple-model extended Kalman filter based on kinematic and dynamic vehicle models. The developed algorithm was verified via intensive simulations and evaluated through experiments using KITTI benchmarks (A project of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology and Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago) and data captured using our autonomous vehicle platform. The results show that the proposed positioning system improves the accuracy and reliability of positioning in environments in which the Global Navigation Satellite System is not available. The developed system is suitable for the positioning and navigation of autonomous vehicles.

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Rodríguez-Navarro, David, José Lázaro-Galilea, Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz, Alfredo Gardel-Vicente, Francisco Domingo-Perez, and Georgios Tsirigotis. "Mathematical Model and Calibration Procedure of a PSD Sensor Used in Local Positioning Systems." Sensors 16, no. 9 (September 15, 2016): 1484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s16091484.

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38

Hing Kai Chan. "Agent-Based Factory Level Wireless Local Positioning System With ZigBee Technology." IEEE Systems Journal 4, no. 2 (June 2010): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2010.2048653.

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39

Sidorenko, Juri, Volker Schatz, Dimitri Bulatov, Norbert Scherer-Negenborn, Michael Arens, and Urs Hugentobler. "Self-Calibration for the Time Difference of Arrival Positioning." Sensors 20, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20072079.

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The time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) self-calibration is an important topic for many applications, such as indoor navigation. One of the most common methods is to perform nonlinear optimization. Unfortunately, optimization often gets stuck in a local minimum. Here, we propose a method of dimension lifting by adding an additional variable into the l 2 norm of the objective function. Next to the usual numerical optimization, a partially-analytical method is suggested, which overdetermines the system of equations proportionally to the number of measurements. The effect of dimension lifting on the TDOA self-calibration is verified by experiments with synthetic and real measurements. In both cases, self-calibration is performed for two very common and often combined localization systems, the DecaWave Ultra-Wideband (UWB) and the Abatec Local Position Measurement (LPM) system. The results show that our approach significantly reduces the risk of becoming trapped in a local minimum.

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Godzhaev, Z. A., A. P. Grishin, A. A. Grishin, and V. A. Grishin. "Unmanned mobile power unit for agricultural purposes." Traktory i sel hozmashiny 83, no. 10 (October 15, 2016): 41–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/0321-4443-66234.

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It is shown that the basis of robotic technologies in plant cultivation is an unmanned mobile power unit for agricultural purposes on wheeled or tracked platform with hybrid power plant, motion control and machine vision equipment. Description of software algorithm and schematic circuit diagram of motion control are given. It is noted that machine vision is an integral part of working organs, because much of the information about the state of plants (growth rate, maturity degree, disease) is received through visual contact, as well as through systems of motion control and precise positioning. This information allows the robotic working organs to find the technological solutions and implement the required operations, and the unmanned mobile power unit to move on process route. Another fundamental function of unmanned mobile power unit is positioning and motion control on required trajectory. A brief analysis of implementation of this function by means of satellite navigation or ground facilities of positioning including machine vision and target indication is given. Satellite navigation systems provide positioning and identification on large areas, but do not work indoors. Network wireless system of local positioning allows to control the location and motion of objects and reliably identify them both outside and inside the premises. Combined application of such systems allows to extend the motion control of vehicles and agricultural machines to areas not directly visible for satellites: covered yards, buildings. That creates additional opportunities for control of local movements of products and personnel in industrial and non-industrial premises of closed and open type.

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Ruan, Ling, Ling Zhang, Yi Long, and Fei Cheng. "Coordinate references for the indoor/outdoor seamless positioning." Proceedings of the ICA 1 (May 16, 2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-proc-1-97-2018.

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Indoor positioning technologies are being developed rapidly, and seamless positioning which connected indoor and outdoor space is a new trend. The indoor and outdoor positioning are not applying the same coordinate system and different indoor positioning scenes uses different indoor local coordinate reference systems. A specific and unified coordinate reference frame is needed as the space basis and premise in seamless positioning application. Trajectory analysis of indoor and outdoor integration also requires a uniform coordinate reference. However, the coordinate reference frame in seamless positioning which can applied to various complex scenarios is lacking of research for a long time. In this paper, we proposed a universal coordinate reference frame in indoor/outdoor seamless positioning. The research focus on analysis and classify the indoor positioning scenes and put forward the coordinate reference system establishment and coordinate transformation methods in each scene. And, through some experiments, the calibration method feasibility was verified.

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42

Popov, Sergey, Vladimir Zaborovsky, Leonid Kurochkin, Maksim Sharagin, and Lei Zhang. "Method of Dynamic Selection of Satellite Navigation System in the Autonomous Mode of Positioning." SPIIRAS Proceedings 18, no. 2 (April 12, 2019): 302–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15622/sp.18.2.302-325.

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Today, the list of applications that require accurate operational positioning is constantly growing. These tasks include: tasks of managing groups of Autonomous mobile robots, geodetic tasks of high-precision positioning, navigation and monitoring tasks in intelligent transport systems. Satellite navigation systems are a data source for operational positioning in such tasks. Today, global and local satellite navigation systems are actively used: GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, Galileo. They are characterized by different completeness of satellite constellation deployment, which determines the accuracy of operational positioning in a particular geographical point, which depends on number of satellites available for observation, as well as the characteristics of the receiver, landscape features, weather conditions and the possibility of using differential corrections. The widespread use of differential corrections at the moment is not possible due to the fact that number of stable operating reference stations is limited - the Earth is covered by them unevenly; reliable data networks necessary for the transmission of differential corrections are also not deployed everywhere; budget versions of single-channel receivers of the navigation signal are widely used, which do not allow the use of differential corrections. In this case, there is a problem of operational choice of the system or a combination of satellite positioning systems, providing the most accurate navigation data. This paper presents a comparison of static and dynamic methods for selecting a system or a combination of satellite positioning systems that provide the most accurate definition of the object's own coordinates when using a single-channel receiver of navigation signals in offline mode. The choice is made on the basis of statistical analysis of data obtained from satellite positioning systems. During the analysis, the results of post-processing of data obtained from satellite navigation systems and refined with the use of differential corrections of navigation data were compared.

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43

Rudnicki, Mark, and Thomas H. Meyer. "Methods to Convert Local Sampling Coordinates into Geographic Information System/Global Positioning Systems (GIS/GPS)–Compatible Coordinate Systems." Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 24, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/njaf/24.3.233.

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Abstract Laying out a sampling transect in the field is a common task when researching natural systems and resources. With widespread availability of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), such as the US global positioning system (GPS), it is becoming more common to resurvey legacy transects to establish them in globally referenced coordinate systems such as geodetic latitude/longitude or planimetric systems such as the Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) or the State Plane Coordinate System (SPCS). Transforming local coordinates into a globally referenced coordinate system allows (1) disparate legacy surveys to be combined into a common geographic information system (GIS) database, (2) new GPS measurements to be incorporated into that same database, and (3) GPS-based navigation to be used for plot establishment and resampling. This article presents the mathematics necessary to determine the globally referenced planimetric coordinates of established linear, rectangular, or nominally rectangular transects (such as a rhombus) using formulas that are easily implemented on a spreadsheet. In addition, methods are given to determine the planimetric coordinates of new transects.

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44

De-La-Llana-Calvo, Álvaro, José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea, Alfredo Gardel-Vicente, David Rodríguez-Navarro, Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz, and Felipe Espinosa-Zapata. "Characterization of Multipath Effects in Indoor Positioning Systems by AoA and PoA Based on Optical Signals." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 21, 2019): 917. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040917.

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In this paper, we characterize and measure the effects of the errors introduced by the multipath when obtaining the position of an agent by means of Indoor Positioning Systems (IPS) based on optical signal. These effects are characterized in Local Positioning Systems (LPSs) based on two different techniques: the first one by determining the Angle of Arrival (AoA) of the infrared signal (IR) to the detector; and the second one by working with the measurement of the Phase shift of signal Arrival from the transmitter to a receiver (PoA). We present the obtained results and conclusions, which indicate that using Position Sensitive Devices (PSD) the multipath effects for AoA have little impact on the measurement, while for PoA the positioning errors are very significant, making the system useless in many cases.

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Kalakoti, Gowrisankar, G. Prabhakaran, and P. Sudhakar. "Content Based Video Retrieval Systems with Local Features: A Survey." Asian Journal of Computer Science and Technology 7, S1 (November 5, 2018): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/ajcst-2018.7.s1.1804.

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With the improvement of mixed media information composes and accessible transfer speed there is immense interest of video retrieving frameworks, as clients move from content based recovery frameworks to content based retrieval frameworks. Determination of removed features assume an imperative job in substance based video retrieving paying little mind to video qualities being under thought. This work assists the up and coming analysts in the field of video retrieving with getting the thought regarding distinctive procedures and strategies accessible for the video recovery. These highlights are proposed for choosing, ordering and positioning as indicated by their potential enthusiasm to the client. Great feature determination likewise permits the time and space expenses of the recovery procedure to be lessened. This overview surveys the fascinating highlights that can be separated from video information for ordering and retrieving alongside likeness estimation techniques. We likewise recognize present research issues in territory of content based video retrieving frameworks.

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Bruno, Luigi, Paolo Addesso, and Rocco Restaino. "Indoor Positioning in Wireless Local Area Networks with Online Path-Loss Parameter Estimation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/986714.

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Location based services are gathering an even wider interest also in indoor environments and urban canyons, where satellite systems like GPS are no longer accurate. A much addressed solution for estimating the user position exploits the received signal strengths (RSS) in wireless local area networks (WLANs), which are very common nowadays. However, the performances of RSS based location systems are still unsatisfactory for many applications, due to the difficult modeling of the propagation channel, whose features are affected by severe changes. In this paper we propose a localization algorithm which takes into account the nonstationarity of the working conditions by estimating and tracking the key parameters of RSS propagation. It is based on a Sequential Monte Carlo realization of the optimal Bayesian estimation scheme, whose functioning is improved by exploiting the Rao-Blackwellization rationale. Two key statistical models for RSS characterization are deeply analyzed, by presenting effective implementations of the proposed scheme and by assessing the positioning accuracy by extensive computer experiments. Many different working conditions are analyzed by simulated data and corroborated through the validation in a real world scenario.

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Tereshchenko, Vyacheslav E., Andrey V. Radchenko, and Vyacheslav A. Melkiy. "GLOBAL REFERENCE SYSTEM AND ITS LOCAL REALIZATION – RUSSIAN STATE COORDINATE SYSTEM GSK-2011." Vestnik SSUGT (Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies) 25, no. 3 (2020): 89–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2411-1759-2020-25-3-89-106.

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The article highlights the issue of interpreting reference stations networks as a local realization of the global reference system. The substantiation of the proposed approach is given and its advantages are shown. The rationale for the proposed approach is given and its advantages are shown. In particular, the top block in the structure of the formation of the Russian state coordinate system (GSK‑2011) is the fundamental astronomical and geodetic network. It is a regional realization of a global reference system. The creation of GSK‑2011 was carried out with a focus on the global International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) however geodynamic processes affecting the displacement of reference points relative to the center of the Earth's masses play a different role in the time evolution of systems. Such processes in GSK‑2011 are not subject to accounting, since the system was created to conduct various types of applied geodetic and cartographic activities in it. In this case, taking into account the constant change in the coordinates of reference points is almost never implied. In this regard, the asynchronous movement of the Russian state coordinate system (GSK‑2011) with the global reference system (ITRS) began to lead to inconsistencies in the results of high-precision positioning performed at different times, by different methods. Based on this, the necessity to find a way of matching GSK‑2011 to ITRS is urgent. The article presents the rates of change of the match parameters of the above-mentioned systems. These parameters make it possible to match the results of high-precision positioning performed in different reference systems using different methods of positioning for different epochs of the GNSS observations. The experiment carried out in the second part of the article confirms this.

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Kianfar, Amir Ehsan, Fabian Uth, Ralph Baltes, and Elisabeth Clausen. "Development of a Robust Ultra-Wideband Module for Underground Positioning and Collision Avoidance." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 37, no. 6 (July 31, 2020): 1821–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42461-020-00279-6.

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AbstractAs indoor positioning provides particular challenges due to the unavailability of GPS signals, various systems such as ultra-wideband (UWB), radio frequency identification (RFID), ultrasound, and wireless local area network (WLAN) have been proposed in recent years. Some of these technologies are currently being marketed and some are still being developed. UWB technology allows for higher precision while also reducing power consumption. Hence, the underground automation and localization systems can use this technology for more accuracy and robustness. This article discusses new robust UWB modules used for underground positioning and collision avoidance with regard to human safety in underground mining operations.

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Guignard, Brice, Claude Karcher, Xavier Reche, Roger Font, and John Komar. "Contextualizing Physical Data in Professional Handball: Using Local Positioning Systems to Automatically Define Defensive Organizations." Sensors 22, no. 15 (July 29, 2022): 5692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22155692.

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In handball, the way the team organizes itself in defense can greatly impact the player’s activity and displacement during the play, therefore impacting the match demands. This paper aims (1) to develop an automatic tool to detect and classify the defensive organization of the team based on the local positioning system data and check its classification quality, and (2) to quantify the match demands per defensive organization, i.e., defining a somehow cost of specific defensive organizations. For this study, LPS positional data (X and Y location) of players from a team in the Spanish League were analyzed during 25 games. The algorithm quantified the physical demands of the game (distance stand, walk, jog, run and sprint) broken down by player role and by specific defensive organizations, which were automatically detected from the raw data. Results show that the different attacking and defending phases of a game can be automatically detected with high accuracy, the defensive organization can be classified between 1–5, 0–6, 2–4, and 3–3. Interestingly, due to the highly adaptive nature of handball, differences were found between what was the intended defensive organization at a start of a phase and the actual organization that can be observed during the full defensive phase, which consequently impacts the physical demands of the game. From there, quantifying for each player role the cost of each specific defensive organization is the first step into optimizing the use of the players in the team and their recovery time, but also at the team level, it allows to balance the cost (i.e., physical demand) and the benefit (i.e., the outcome of the defensive phase) of each type of defensive organization.

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Conte, Daniele. "Validity of local positioning systems to measure external load in sport settings: a brief review." Human Movement 21, no. 4 (2020): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/hm.2020.94200.

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