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Статті в журналах з теми "Long-haul optical transmission"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 червня 2022

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1

Watanabe, Shigeki, Shinichi Kaneko, and Terumi Chikama. "Long-Haul Fiber Transmission Using Optical Phase Conjugation." Optical Fiber Technology 2, no. 2 (April 1996): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ofte.1996.0018.

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2

MORITA, Itsuro, Sander JANSEN, Hidenori TAKAHASHI, Abdullah Al AMIN, and Hideaki TANAKA. "Optical OFDM for High-Speed Long-Haul Transmission Systems." Review of Laser Engineering 37, no. 3 (2009): 182–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2184/lsj.37.182.

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3

Jansen, S. L., D. van den Borne, P. M. Krummrich, S. Spalter, G. D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt. "Long-haul DWDM transmission systems employing optical phase conjugation." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 12, no. 4 (July 2006): 505–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2006.876621.

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4

Park, Y. K., and S. W. Granlund. "Optical Preamplifier Receivers: Application to Long-Haul Digital Transmission." Optical Fiber Technology 1, no. 1 (October 1994): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ofte.1994.1006.

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5

Huszaník, Tomáš, Ján Turán, and Ľuboš Ovseník. "Realization of a Long-haul Optical Link with Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier." Carpathian Journal of Electronic and Computer Engineering 11, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cjece-2018-0018.

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Abstract The need for high capacity and bandwidth in broadband communication systems increased rapidly in a few past years. Optical fiber is now the major transmission medium for fast and reliable communication replacing the old copper-based connections. However, with the deployment of optical networks, number of problems arise. The main problem of optical networks is the amplification in the long-distance transmission. Erbium doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) is the leading technology in the field of optical amplifiers. It uses erbium doped fiber to amplify optical signal. The importance of amplification in optical domain is relevant in long-haul and high-speed transmission systems. In this paper the study of the EDFA is presented. Based on an analytical study, the simulation model of the EDFA is created. The main aim is to determine the optimal parameters of the EDFA for a long-haul 16-channel DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) system. The performance of the proposed DWDM system is mathematically analyzed using BER (Bit Error Rate) and Q factor.

6

KAUR, GURMEET, M. L. SINGH, and M. S. PATTERH. "INVESTIGATIONS OF FIBER NONLINEARITIES IN LONG-HAUL OPTICAL WDM TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 18, no. 02 (June 2009): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863509004567.

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Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) has been emerging as an effective technique for making use of the full bandwidth offered by optical fiber. To achieve long-haul transmission, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) are employed to compensate for signal attenuation without using optoelectronic/electro-optic conversions. Transmission in these systems is limited by fiber nonlinearities and amplified spontaneous emission noise from amplifiers. In this paper, the long-haul optical WDM system with EDFAs is investigated theoretically. The noise and bit error rate (BER) characteristics of the system with optical amplifiers are calculated and the dependence of the BER on interamplifier separation and input power is shown.

7

Fan, Sujie, Hui Wang, Yan Li, Wentao Du, Xin Zhang, Jian Wu, and Jintong Lin. "Optimal 16-Ary APSK Encoded Coherent Optical OFDM for Long-Haul Transmission." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 25, no. 13 (July 2013): 1199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2013.2262042.

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8

Qin, Cui, Xiangrong Ma, Tao Hua, Jing Zhao, Huilong Yu, and Jian Zhang. "Golay sequences coded coherent optical OFDM for long-haul transmission." Optics Communications 399 (September 2017): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2017.04.030.

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9

YANG, Qi, and ShaoHua YU. "Tb/s ultra long haul transmission of coherent optical OFDM." Chinese Science Bulletin 59, no. 16 (May 1, 2014): 1497–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/972013-216.

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10

Djordjevic, I. B., B. Vasic, M. Ivkovic, and I. Gabitov. "Achievable information rates for high-speed long-haul optical transmission." Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, no. 11 (November 2005): 3755–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.857751.

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11

Tong Zhi, Wei Huai, and Jian Shui-Sheng. "Optimal design of distributed Raman amplifiers employed in long-haul optical transmission systems." Acta Physica Sinica 55, no. 4 (2006): 1873. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.55.1873.

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12

Yuan, Jian Guo, Chan Yuan Li, and Qing Zhen Tong. "Analysis on a Novel Concatenated Code for Optical Transmission Systems." Advanced Materials Research 710 (June 2013): 474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.710.474.

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A novel RS(255,239)+BCH(3860,3824) concatenated code with 7.70% redundancy for long-haul optical transmission systems is constructed and analyzed through the theoretical analysis of the relevant concatenated code. The simulation analysis shows that the novel concatenated code, compared with the RS(255,239)+CSOC(k0/n0=6/7,J=8) code in ITU-T G.75.1, has a lower redundancy and better error-correction performance. In addition, the net coding gain (NCG) of the novel concatenated code is respectively more 0.44dB and 0.47dB than that of BCH(3860,3824)+ BCH(2040,1930) code and RS(255,239)+CSOC(k0/n0 =6/7, J=8) code in ITU-T G.75.1 at the third iteration for the bit error rate (BER) of 10-12. As a result, the novel concatenated code can be better suitable for long-haul optical transmission systems.

13

Jansen, S. L., D. van den Borne, B. Spinnler, S. Calabro, H. Suche, P. M. Krummrich, W. Sohler, G. D. Khoe, and H. de Waardt. "Optical phase conjugation for ultra long-haul phase-shift-keyed transmission." Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, no. 1 (January 2006): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.862481.

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14

Jiang, Xiaohong, and Chun Jiang. "Transmission Performance Analysis of Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifiers for WDM System." Advances in OptoElectronics 2009 (June 11, 2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/924340.

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A numerical analysis is presented on the long-haul wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmission system employing fiber-optic parametric amplifier (FOPA) cascades based on one-pump FOPA model with Raman Effect taken into account. The end-to-end equalization scheme is applied to optimize the system features in terms of proper output powers and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) in all the channels. The numerical results show that—through adjusting the fiber spans along with the number of FOPAs as well as the channel powers at the terminals in a prescribed way—the transmission distance and system performance can be optimized. By comparing the results generated by different lengths of fiber span, we come to the optimal span length to achieve the best transmission performance. Furthermore, we make a comparison among the long-haul WDM transmission systems employing different inline amplifiers, namely, FOPA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), and Fiber Raman Amplifier (FRA). FOPA demonstrates its advantage over the other two in terms of system features.

15

Sasaki, Yusuke, Katsuhiro Takenaga, Shoichiro Matsuo, Kazuhiko Aikawa, and Kunimasa Saitoh. "Few-mode multicore fibers for long-haul transmission line." Optical Fiber Technology 35 (February 2017): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2016.09.017.

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16

Dhawan, Divya, and Neena Gupta. "Performance Analysis of Post Compensated Long Haul High Speed Coherent Optical OFDM System." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i1.pp160-168.

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<p>This paper addresses the performance analysis of OFDM transmission system based on coherent detection over high speed long haul optical links with high spectral efficiency modulation formats such as Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) as a mapping method prior to the OFDM multicarrier representation. Post compensation is used to compensate for phase noise effects. Coherent detection for signal transmitted at bit rate of 40 Gbps is successfully achieved up to distance of 3200km. Performance is analyzed in terms of Symbol Error Rate and Error Vector Magnitude by varying Optical Signal to Noise Ratio (OSNR) and varying the length of the fiber i.e transmission distance. Transmission performance is also observed through constellation diagrams at different transmission distances and different OSNRs.</p>

17

El-Fiqi, Abdulaziz E., Ahmed E. Morra, Salem F. Hegazy, Hossam M. H. Shalaby, Kazutoshi Kato, and Salah S. A. Obayya. "Performance evaluation of hybrid DPSK-MPPM techniques in long-haul optical transmission." Applied Optics 55, no. 21 (July 14, 2016): 5614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.55.005614.

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18

Li, Cai, Qi Yang, Tao Jiang, Zhixue He, Ming Luo, Chao Li, Xiao Xiao, Daojun Xue, Xingwen Yi, and Shaohua Yu. "Investigation of Coherent Optical Multiband DFT-S OFDM in Long Haul Transmission." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 24, no. 19 (October 2012): 1704–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2012.2212882.

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19

Sikdar, Debabrata, Vinita Tiwari, and V. K. Chaubey. "Optimized transmitter module for NRZ-duobinary in long-haul optical transmission link." Optik - International Journal for Light and Electron Optics 124, no. 17 (September 2013): 2597–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2012.07.032.

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20

Irfan, Muhammad, Farman Ali, Fazal Muhammad, Usman Habib, Abdullah S. Alwadie, Adam Glowacz, Ziaul Haq Abbas, and Eliasz Kańtoch. "DSP-Assisted Nonlinear Impairments Tolerant 100 Gbps Optical Backhaul Network for Long-Haul Transmission." Entropy 22, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 1062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22091062.

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High capacity long haul communication and cost-effective solutions for low loss transmission are the major advantages of optical fibers, which makes them a promising solution to be used for backhaul network transportation. A distortion-tolerant 100 Gbps framework that consists of long haul and high capacity transport based wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) system is investigated in this paper, with an analysis on different design parameters to mitigate the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise and nonlinear effects due to the fiber transmission. The performance degradation in the presence of non-linear effects is evaluated and a digital signal processing (DSP) assisted receiver is proposed in order to achieve bit error rate (BER) of 1.56 × 10−6 and quality factor (Q-factor) of 5, using 25 and 50 GHz channel spacing with 90 μm2 effective area of the optical fiber. Analytical calculations of the proposed WDM system are presented and the simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach in order to mitigate non-linear effects for up to 300 km length of optical fiber transmission.

21

Singh, Rajbir. "Analysis of Inter-Satellite Optical Wireless Communication System." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering 7, no. 10 (October 30, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23956/ijarcsse.v7i10.267.

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Optical networks are bandwidth efficient networks are used for long haul communication providing seamless data transfer. For high speed data transmission in open space between different satellites, Inter-satellite Optical wireless communication (IsOWC) is widely used .In this paper we have evaluated the performance of IsOWC communication link for high speed data transmission .The performance of the system is evaluated on the basis of qualitative parameters such as Q-factor and BER using optisystem simulator.

22

Kudo, Riichi, Takayuki Kobayashi, Koichi Ishihara, Yasushi Takatori, Akihide Sano, and Yutaka Miyamoto. "Coherent Optical Single Carrier Transmission Using Overlap Frequency Domain Equalization for Long-Haul Optical Systems." Journal of Lightwave Technology 27, no. 16 (August 2009): 3721–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2009.2024091.

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23

CAI Ju, 蔡炬, and 孙捷 SUN Jie. "Comparison of Two Kinds of High-speed Long-haul Nonlinear Optical Transmission Systems." ACTA PHOTONICA SINICA 39, s1 (2010): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/gzxb201039s1.0083.

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24

Kikushima, K., C. Kishimoto, S. Ikeda, H. Yoshinaga, K. Kumozaki, H. Mawatari, and N. Shibata. "Nonrepeated long-haul multichannel AM-video transmission employing optical heterodyne AM/FM convertor." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 8, no. 5 (May 1996): 709–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.491603.

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25

El Dahdah, Nayla, Donald S. Govan, Mehdi Jamshidifar, Nick J. Doran, and Michel E. Marhic. "1-Tb/s DWDM Long-Haul Transmission Employing a Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 22, no. 15 (August 2010): 1171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2010.2049482.

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26

Ozeki, Y., Y. Takushima, H. Yoshimi, K. Kikuchi, H. Yamauchi, and H. Taga. "Complete characterization of picosecond optical pulses in long-haul dispersion-managed transmission systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17, no. 3 (March 2005): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2004.841030.

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27

Taspınar, Necmi, and Mahmoud Alhalabi. "Performance investigation of long-haul high data rate optical OFDM IM/DD system with different QAM modulations." Journal of Electrical Engineering 72, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jee-2021-0026.

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Abstract In this paper and as a first time, we have designed and simulated 100 Gbps long haul intensity modulation and direct detection (IM/DD) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system with high order modulation techniques by using optisystem software QAM IM/DD OFDM system was analyzed and simulated to provide high data rate for downstream signal by using dispersion compensation fiber (DCF) inside fiber link. 4-QAM OFDM system demonstrated the best BER performance compared to other simulated systems for long haul transmission distance. For comparison and investigation, important results as eye diagram, Q factor, Eb/No and BER are explained against propagation length for every simulated system.

28

Hussien, Anas Ali, and Adnan Hussein Ali. "Comprehensive investigation of coherent optical OFDM-RoF employing 16QAM external modulation for long-haul optical communication system." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 10, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 2607. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v10i3.pp2607-2616.

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Given the growing need for long haul transmission that requires a high rate of data, the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing scheme (OFDM), is regarded as a technique with high potentials for high-capacity optical networks. OFDM transmits over both optical and wireless channels, with the data distributed over a huge amount of the subcarrier, and the data is distributed over a huge number of subcarriers. OFDM achieves RF signal for a long-haul transmitting by utilizing Radio over Fiber (RoF) system, which is known to produce higher orthogonality of the OFDM modulated signal designed for the wireless network. RoF systems comprise of heterogeneous networks designed through the use of wireless and optical links. The aim of this paper is to carry out an investigation of the performance of the external modulation in RoF links, while analyzing the shortcomings caused by the various elements of the optical system. The Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) can be applied in external modulation, and exhibits a more robust performance when implemented with the OFDM modulation technique.

29

Smith, N. J., and N. J. Doran. "Evaluating the Capacity of Phase Modulator-Controlled Long-Haul Soliton Transmission." Optical Fiber Technology 1, no. 3 (June 1995): 218–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/ofte.1995.1012.

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30

Zhao, Jian, Yaping Liu, and Tianhua Xu. "Advanced DSP for Coherent Optical Fiber Communication." Applied Sciences 9, no. 19 (October 8, 2019): 4192. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9194192.

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In this paper, we provide an overview of recent progress on advanced digital signal processing (DSP) techniques for high-capacity long-haul coherent optical fiber transmission systems. Not only the linear impairments existing in optical transmission links need to be compensated, but also, the nonlinear impairments require proper algorithms for mitigation because they become major limiting factors for long-haul large-capacity optical transmission systems. Besides the time domain equalization (TDE), the frequency domain equalization (FDE) DSP also provides a similar performance, with a much-reduced computational complexity. Advanced DSP also plays an important role for the realization of space division multiplexing (SDM). SDM techniques have been developed recently to enhance the system capacity by at least one order of magnitude. Some impressive results have been reported and have outperformed the nonlinear Shannon limit of the single-mode fiber (SMF). SDM introduces the space dimension to the optical fiber communication. The few-mode fiber (FMF) and multi-core fiber (MCF) have been manufactured for novel multiplexing techniques such as mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and multi-core multiplexing (MCM). Each mode or core can be considered as an independent degree of freedom, but unfortunately, signals will suffer serious coupling during the propagation. Multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) DSP can equalize the signal coupling and makes SDM transmission feasible. The machine learning (ML) technique has attracted worldwide attention and has been explored for advanced DSP. In this paper, we firstly introduce the principle and scheme of coherent detection to explain why the DSP techniques can compensate for transmission impairments. Then corresponding technologies related to the DSP, such as nonlinearity compensation, FDE, SDM and ML will be discussed. Relevant techniques will be analyzed, and representational results and experimental verifications will be demonstrated. In the end, a brief conclusion and perspective will be provided.

31

Luis, Ruben S., Benjamin J. Puttnam, Georg Rademacher, Yoshinari Awaji, Hideaki Furukawa, and Naoya Wada. "Digital Back Propagation in Long-Haul, MIMO-Supported, Multicore Fiber Transmission." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 32, no. 12 (June 15, 2020): 730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2020.2993621.

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32

Magarini, Maurizio, Arnaldo Spalvieri, Francesco Vacondio, Marco Bertolini, Marianna Pepe, and Giancarlo Gavioli. "Empirical modeling and simulation of phase noise in long-haul coherent optical transmission systems." Optics Express 19, no. 23 (October 24, 2011): 22455. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.022455.

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33

Hachmeister, A., M. Nölle, L. Molle, R. Freund, and M. Rohde. "Performance comparison of MSK and QPSK optical long haul DWDM transmission with coherent detection." Optics Express 20, no. 4 (February 1, 2012): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.20.003877.

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34

Watanabe, Shigeki, Takahumi Terahara, Izumi Yokota, Takao Naito, Terumi Chikama, and Hideo Kuwahara. "Optical coherent broad-band transmission for long-haul and distribution systems using subcarrier multiplexing." Journal of Lightwave Technology 11, no. 1 (January 1993): 116–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.210577.

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35

Sano, A., E. Yamada, H. Masuda, E. Yamazaki, T. Kobayashi, E. Yoshida, Y. Miyamoto, R. Kudo, K. Ishihara, and Y. Takatori. "No-Guard-Interval Coherent Optical OFDM for 100-Gb/s Long-Haul WDM Transmission." Journal of Lightwave Technology 27, no. 16 (August 2009): 3705–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2009.2023369.

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36

Kamikawa, N., and Ching-Ten Chang. "A quasi-single mode optical fiber for long-haul transmission in severe bending environments." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 6, no. 3 (March 1994): 428–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/68.275508.

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37

Ivkovic, Milo, Ivan Djordjevic, and Bane Vasic. "Calculation of Achievable Information Rates of Long-Haul Optical Transmission Systems Using Instanton Approach." Journal of Lightwave Technology 25, no. 5 (May 2007): 1163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2007.893930.

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38

Liga, Gabriele, Tianhua Xu, Alex Alvarado, Robert I. Killey, and Polina Bayvel. "On the performance of multichannel digital backpropagation in high-capacity long-haul optical transmission." Optics Express 22, no. 24 (November 24, 2014): 30053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.030053.

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39

Lin, Changyu, Ivan B. Djordjevic, and Ding Zou. "Achievable information rates calculation for optical OFDM few-mode fiber long-haul transmission systems." Optics Express 23, no. 13 (June 18, 2015): 16846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.23.016846.

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40

Wu, Jindong, Liuhua Chen, Qingguo Li, Wenwen Wu, Keyuan Sun, and Xingkun Wu. "Dispersion-optimized optical fiber for high-speed long-haul dense wavelength division multiplexing transmission." Applied Optics 50, no. 20 (July 6, 2011): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.50.003538.

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41

Du, Liang B., and Arthur J. Lowery. "Improved nonlinearity precompensation for long-haul high-data-rate transmission using coherent optical OFDM." Optics Express 16, no. 24 (November 19, 2008): 19920. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.16.019920.

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42

Wang, Ziqi, Yuzhe Li, Yuan Gao, Xishuo Wang, and Qi Zhang. "Turbo-coded Ultra Long Haul System with Probabilistic Shaped 16QAM Modulation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2112, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2112/1/012027.

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Abstract With the rapid growth and development of 5G (5th Generation Mobile Communication Technology) and the incoming of 6G (6th Generation Mobile Communication Technology), the demand for high-speed and flexible communication solutions is becoming far more urgent. Within this paper, a novel code modulation scheme based on PS (probabilistic shaping) and Turbo code is proposed with its effectiveness is confirmed by the results of simulation. The results inform that in an optical fiber communication system with 56 Gb/s rate and 3000 km transmission distance, when the SNR (signal-noise ratio) is greater than 3.5 dB, the Turbo-coded PS-16QAM modulation format can achieve reliable transmission. The proposed scheme performs the best in BER (bit error ratio) and average launch power in the four cases of uniform 16QAM, PS-16QAM, Turbo-coded 16QAM with and itself. The proposed scheme is a potential solution in the future 5G communication.

43

Reichmann, K. C. "Directly modulated DBR lasers for long-haul transmission at 1.7 Gbit/s." Fiber and Integrated Optics 12, no. 2 (January 1993): 209–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01468039308204223.

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Liu, Jun, Shi Chen, Hongya Wang, Shuang Zheng, Long Zhu, Andong Wang, Lulu Wang, Cheng Du, and Jian Wang. "Amplifying Orbital Angular Momentum Modes in Ring-Core Erbium-Doped Fiber." Research 2020 (February 20, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34133/2020/7623751.

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Lots of research efforts have been devoted to increase the transmission capacity in optical communications using orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing. To enable long-haul OAM mode transmission, an in-line OAM fiber amplifier is desired. A ring-core fiber (RCF) is considered to be a preferable design for stable OAM mode propagation in the fiber. Here, we demonstrate an OAM fiber amplifier based on a fabricated ring-core erbium-doped fiber (RC-EDF). We characterize the performance of the RC-EDF-assisted OAM fiber amplifier and demonstrate its use in OAM multiplexing communications with OAM modes carrying quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signals. The amplification of two OAM modes over four wavelengths is demonstrated in a data-carrying OAM-division multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing system. The obtained results show favorable performance of the RC-EDF-assisted OAM fiber amplifier. These demonstrations may open up new perspectives for long-haul transmission in capacity scaling fiber-optic communications employing OAM modes.

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Ait Ahmed, Badiaa, Otman Aghzout, Mounia Chakkour, Fahd Chaoui, and Azzeddin Naghar. "Transmission Performance Analysis of WDM Radio over Fiber Technology for Next Generation Long-Haul Optical Networks." International Journal of Optics 2019 (January 2, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5087624.

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This paper presents a detailed study of N-channels Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) Optical transmission system using Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology. The study was applied to optical long-haul networks to overcome the nonlinearity effects, chromatic dispersion, and signal loss. For this purpose, Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) has been implemented in 4-channels, 8-channels, and 16 channels WDM transmission system network at 10 Gb/s to compensate the dispersion and the nonlinear distortion. The use of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) has been also investigated to improve the quality of the transmission system. In Digital RoF, the impact analysis of modulation types such as Differential Phase-Shift Keying (DPSK) and Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) is also introduced. Constellation diagrams, received optical power, types of modulation, fiber dispersion, channel spacing variation, and laser power were considered to validate the study with the existing studies. All results achieve good reliability performance and prove the efficiency of the presented model.

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Visintin, M., P. Poggiolini, and G. Bosco. "Long-Haul Optically Uncompensated IMDD Transmission With MLSE Using the M-Method." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 19, no. 16 (August 2007): 1230–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2007.902169.

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47

Islam, Tadbirul, and Mohammad Nasir Uddin. "High Speed OTDM-DWDM Bit Compressed Network for Long-Haul Communication." AIUB Journal of Science and Engineering (AJSE) 18, no. 2 (August 31, 2019): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53799/ajse.v18i2.41.

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This paper represents an optical communication network design that incorporates both OTDM and DWDM techniques which provides up to 240 Gbit/s data transfer rate, long-haul communication distance of 2700 km with a maximum number of 384 channels in this designed architecture. Each channel has a bitrate of 625 Mbit/s that follows optical signal hierarchy OC-12, STS-12 (SONET ANSI), and STM-4 (SDH CCITT), and the design maintains standard parameters for commercially available channel grids at 100 GHz spacing. The communication is done by Single Mode Fiber (SMF) of 50 km and Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) of 10 km followed by one optical amplifier gain in each span. Bit error rate (BER) remains significantly low while transmission distance for only OTDM is 18000 km at a BER < 10-12, and for the hybrid OTDM-DWDM it is 2700 km at a BER < 10-16. Both values are measured under 128 bits sequence length. Three compression stages are used for 8 channels each in order to minimize the gap between bits, and to utilize the space for more channels within a specific time window.

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Moller, L., Y. Su, G. Raybon, and Xiang Liu. "Polarization-mode-dispersion-supported transmission in 40-Gb/s long haul systems." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 15, no. 2 (February 2003): 335–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2002.806841.

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Chen, Hai Tao, and You Cheng Liang. "Suppressing of Nonlinear Phase Noise in Dispersion Managed Quasi-Linear Transmission Systems." Applied Mechanics and Materials 511-512 (February 2014): 234–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.511-512.234.

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Dispersion and nonlinear effect of fiber is the main factor limiting the performance of the long-haul and high speed optical transmission system. This paper focuses on the analysis and modeling of nonlinear phase noise in quasi-linear optical transmission system. The analytical expression for the nonlinear phase noise is obtained basing on the first order perturbation theory. And the numerical calculation of the nonlinear phase noise is deduced. The calculation results show that when the noise source and the end point of the system is equidistant from the optical phase conjugation (OPC), the nonlinear phase noise added by the optical amplifiers can be compensated by the OPC located after the optical amplifiers.

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Chakkour, Mounia, Otman Aghzout, and Fahd Chaoui. "Theoretical Analysis of a Novel WDM Optical Long-Haul Network Using the Split-Step Fourier Method." International Journal of Optics 2020 (March 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3436729.

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In this paper, a new optical transmission model was investigated and developed in order to improve the performance of Wavelength Division Multiplexing optical transmission systems. For this purpose, an efficient theoretical method combining a Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) and Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) was implemented. Enhancements on the transmitted signal amplitudes with important compensation of the chromatic dispersions and large reduction on the nonlinear effects were obtained. The reflectivity peak, the full width at half maximum bandwidth, and the side lobe level have been studied in depth to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. To apply the new method, we considered a complicated system of 16-channel wavelengths, where the split-step fourier method was used to solve the nonlinear Schrödinger equations, and the transfer matrix method was applied to describe the coupled mode equations. The wavelengths corresponding to different values of reflectivity peaks calculated previously in the FBG outputs section were injected as EDFA inputs to determine the output power and the gain of the new transmission system. All results are analyzed using Matlab program.