Готові списки джерел за темами / Loss of ignition

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Loss of ignition"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 8 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Loss of ignition":

ELIEZER, SHALOM, PABLO T. LEÓN, JOSÉ M. MARTINEZ-VAL, and DIMITRI V. FISHER. "Radiation loss from inertially confined degenerate plasmas." Laser and Particle Beams 21, no. 4 (October 2003): 599–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034603214191.

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Bremsstrahlung is one of the most important energy loss mechanisms in achieving ignition, which is only possible above a threshold in temperature for a given fusion reaction and plasma conditions. A detailed analysis of the bremsstrahlung process in degenerate plasma points out that radiation energy loss is much smaller than the value given by the classical formulation. This fact seems not useful to relax ignition requirements in self-ignited targets, because it is only relevant at extremely high densities. On the contrary, it can be very positive in the fast ignition scheme, where the target is compressed to very high densities at a minimum temperature, before the igniting beamlet is sent in.

Hoogsteen, M. J. J., E. A. Lantinga, E. J. Bakker, J. C. J. Groot, and P. A. Tittonell. "Estimating soil organic carbon through loss on ignition: effects of ignition conditions and structural water loss." European Journal of Soil Science 66, no. 2 (February 13, 2015): 320–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12224.

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Sun, H., M. Nelson, F. Chen, and J. Husch. "Soil mineral structural water loss during loss on ignition analyses." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 89, no. 5 (November 1, 2009): 603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss09007.

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Water loss from soil minerals has been known to cause errors in the determination of soil organic matter when the loss on ignition (LOI) method is used. Unfortunately, no known published studies reliably quantify the range of structural water in the soil. To do this, 15 common reference minerals were analyzed by LOI to obtain their individual water loss. In addition, 14 upland, loamy soil samples and 3 wetland/hydric soil samples with varied mineral contents were analyzed to collect their X-ray powder diffraction spectra. Based upon X-ray spectra peak intensities, the modal abundance of minerals in each soil sample was determined using the RockJock computer program. The resultant modal weight percentages of all identified minerals in each soil sample were then multiplied by the LOI value for each mineral to obtain the mineral structural water loss (SWL) of that soil sample. For the 17 soil samples analyzed, the range of mineral water loss is 0.56 to 2.45%. Depending on the LOI values of the soil samples, the SWL:LOI ratios range from 0.04 to around 1.00. The SWL:LOI ratios are particularly low for top wetland soil when the LOI value is higher. The ratios are lower for surface soil samples than for subsurface soil samples because of the high LOI values in surface soil samples. Understanding soil mineral water loss and its relation to the LOI patterns from various environments is important for the accurate evaluation of soil organic matter when the LOI method is used. Key words: Mineral, structural water, loss on ignition

Cui, Yong Zhang, Yun Xia Qu, Ming Tian Tang, Peng Gao, and Guo Kai Zhang. "Hot Air Ignition Characteristics of Cotton and Corn Straw Pellet Based on TG-DTG." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.164.

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In this paper, using TG-DTG and single pellets hot air ignition experiment to study the hot air ignition characteristics of biomass forming granule, analyzes the hot air temperature, velocity, flow rate of its influence on ignition performance. It was found that the weight loss rate of surface material significantly higher than the center materials of the pellet at different heating rates through the experiment, and lignin pyrolysis accelerated leading to substantially coincide of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis, With the increase of air temperature, maximum weight loss rate increased, the pellet heating rate accelerated, sped up the pellet ignition, the ignition temperature should be above 500°C. As the increase of gas flow, the weight loss of corn stalks is reduced after increased first, little change in the final weight loss. Weight loss rate is decreased first and then increased. The maximum weight loss rate is essentially the same at low flow, but the maximum weight loss rate reduced and the time extension after more than 50ml/min.

WU, TONG-CHENG, XUAN ZHANG, and WEI-KE AN. "ENERGY DEPOSITION OF RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS IN SUPER-HOT PLASMA." Modern Physics Letters B 21, no. 27 (November 20, 2007): 1855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984907014255.

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The intense ultrashort laser interacting with the thermonuclear fuel may produce a relativistic plasma and MeV electron beam, how to fix the Lorentz factors of the particles in the plasma and model the energy deposition of MeV electron beams are important subjects. In this letter, we demonstrate the exact relation between the average Lorentz factor and the temperature of the system; and then obtained the relativistic modified formula for the energy loss of the relativistic electron-beam due to binary electron-electron collisions. Another important energy loss mechanism, the excitation of Langmuir collective plasma oscillation, is also treated within the relativistic framework. Hence, we re-examine theoretically the possibility of igniting hot spots in the super-compressed DT target and the answer is that the fast ignitor scenario is able to yield thermonuclear ignition in the target.

Nielsen, Steen. "Sludge treatment reed bed facilities – organic load and operation problems." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 5 (March 1, 2011): 941–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.273.

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The dewatering of the sludge with loss on ignition between 50 and 65% will have a maximal drainage on the order of 0.008–0.020 L/s/m2. Dewatering of the sludge with loss of ignition higher than 65% of dry solids will have a maximal drainage on the order of only 0.001–0.004 L/s/m2, approximately five to 10 times lower. It can be seen that there is a tendency for the achievable dewatering result to increase with the decrease of loss on ignition or fat in the feed sludge. The correlation shows that if the loss of ignition is higher than 65% of dry solids in the feed sludge the dewatering results in approximately 10% dry solid or lower in the sludge residue, and in approximately 5% dry solid or lower in the sludge residue if the fat concentration is above 10,000 mg/kg ds in the feed sludge. In systems treating sludge with high contents of fat (15,000–30,000 mg/kg ds) and oil (2,300–7,000 mg/kg ds) and if the loss of ignition is higher than 65% (between 65–76%) the dewatering efficiencies only achieve 5–15% dry solid in the sludge residue. In systems treating sludge with low contents of fat (4,000–8,000 mg/kg ds) and oil (50–2,000 mg/kg ds) and with loss on ignition between 50–65% contents of organic solids the dewatering efficiencies achieve 20–37% dry solid in the sludge residue.

Łądkiewicz, Katarzyna, Krystyna Jaśkiewicz, and Małgorzata Wszędyrówny-Nast. "Porównanie różnych metod oznaczania zawartości substancji organicznej." Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska 26, no. 1 (April 14, 2017): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/pniks.2017.26.1.09.

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From point of view geotechnical parameters evaluation (classifications, interpretations) it is important to determine organic matter content correctly. Most frequently approach is to use for that purpose direct method – loss on ignition at different temperatures. Key factors which influence choosing that approach are: simplicity of this method and non-complex equipment. Thereby, much less used are indirect methods – volumetric. One of indirect methods is common known Tiurin’s method. Organic matter content depends not only from applied method. In case of direct method – loss on ignition at different temperatures, temperature which is applied in examination has also influence on organic matter content. The following article presents results of examinations which gave opportunity to determine to what extent chosen method influences value of organic matter content. The authors were investigated what infl uence has applied temperature in the loss of ignition method. For that purpose as a reference Tiurin’s method was chosen, which generally outputs values lower than the method loss on ignition at different temperatures.

Alao, Felix Ilesanmi, Kolawole Sunday Adegbie, and Matthew Oluwafemi Lawal. "Effect of Thermal Radiation on Ignition Time and Critical Temperature of a Single Sodium Droplet." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/692370.

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The present study addresses the problem of ignition of a single sodium droplet, which is an important issue for the nuclear facilities safety. The study follows the approach of previous works and extends the results of those papers to the case of radiative heat loss. The contribution of the thermal radiation is taken into account based on the P-1 approximation for thermal radiation transfer. An extension of solutions of the existing model is obtained in the presence of radiative heat loss for ignition time and critical temperature by exploiting the sensitivity of the process to large chemical activation energy. Different qualitative effects of varying the dimensionless convective heat loss parameter with ignition time and critical temperature are presented in the graphs. The results show that the inclusion of additional heat sink mechanism, that is, radiative heat loss, causes significant delays in the ignition time and reduces the critical temperature with respect to results of previous studies.

Turekova, Ivana, Zuzana Turňová, Peter Vekony, and Martin Pastier. "Study of Polymeric Materials Burning." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 471–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.471.

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The article deals with determination of spontaneous ignition temperature and flash ignition temperature of polymeric materials and monitoring of mass loss rate during their degradation. An experiment was conducted in accordance with standard STN ISO 871: 2010 Plastics. Determination of ignition temperature using a hot-air furnace.

Yildiz, S. S., and H. Karaman. "Post-earthquake ignition vulnerability assessment of Küçükçekmece District." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 3 (May 17, 2013): 2005–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-2005-2013.

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Abstract. In this study, a Geographic Information System (GIS) based model was developed to calculate the post-earthquake ignition probability of a building, considering damage to the building's interior gas and electrical distribution system and the overturning of appliances. In order to make our model more reliable and realistic, a weighting factor was used to define the possible existence of each appliance or other contents in the given occupancy. A questionnaire was prepared to weigh the relevance of the different components of post-earthquake ignitions using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The questionnaire was evaluated by researchers who were experienced in earthquake engineering and post earthquake fires. The developed model was implemented to HAZTURK (Hazards Turkey) earthquake loss assessment software, as developed by Mid-America Earthquake Center with the help of Istanbul Technical University. The developed post-earthquake ignition tool was applied to Küçükçekmece, Istanbul in Turkey. The results were evaluated according to structure types, occupancy types, the number of storeys, building codes and specified districts. The evaluated results support the theory that post-earthquake ignition probability is inversely proportional to the number of storeys and the construction year, depending upon the building code.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Loss of ignition":

Morin, Caroline, and Jessica Sundman. "En resa tillbaka i tiden för att förstå framtiden : En undersökning av organiskt material i eoliska lössjordssediment på västra Grönland, Kangerlussuaq." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445877.

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Today's changing climate on Earth makes climate research more important than ever. By providing an understanding of the Earth's history and in particular places where large-scale climate change is taking place, for example Greenland, can one get an understanding about how the Earth will react in the future. In this report has eolian loess deposits been analyzed from the permafrost region on Greenland, near the city Kangerlussuaq (Hällberg 2018). The eolian sediment can contain organic carbon that shows climate conditions during the time when the sedimentation occurred. In this report, the organic carbon has been measured using loss of ignition (LOI). The method is well-tried and measures the loss of weight in the samples, which answers to the loss of organic carbon (Dean 1974). The samples were heated to 100°C and thereafter burned at 550°C. The results from the LOI have been analyzed and compared to other data from the same location. This includes data from carbon-14 dating, X-ray fluorescence, grain size and magnetic susceptibility. The final data set has been mapped in the geographical information system. The maps gave an overview of the changes in the area. Results shows that there are connections between organic carbon and climate change in Greenland, which also is proved by correlation to other studies.
Det rådande klimathotet och det föränderliga klimatet på jorden gör att klimatstudier är viktigare än någonsin. Genom att få en förståelse för jordens historia i synnerhet på platser där stora klimatförändringar sker, så som på Grönland, kan en uppfattning fås om hur vår jord kommer påverkas. I uppsatsen har eoliskt avsatt lössjord analyserats från permafrostområdet på Grönland, nära staden Kangerlussuaq (Hällberg 2018). Det eoliska sedimentet innehåller organiskt material som avspeglar klimatförhållanden på platsen för tiden då sedimentationen inträffade. I arbetet har innehållet av organiskt material undersökts genom metoden Loss of Ignition (LOI). Metoden är välbeprövad och går ut på att mäta förlust i vikt vilket motsvarar förlust av organiskt material (Dean 1974). Proverna har torkats i 100°C och därefter bränts i 550°C. Resultatet som gavs av LOI har analyserats och jämförts med annan data från samma lokaler. De innefattar kol 14-metoden, röntgenfluorescens, kornstorlek och magnetisk susceptibilitet. Den slutgiltiga datauppsätningen har genom kartverktyget Geografisk Informationssystem karterats. Kartorna gav övergripande bild på de rumsliga förändringarna i området. Resultaten visar att det finns samband mellan organiskt material och klimatet på Grönland vilket även bevisas av korrelation med andra studier.

Hägglund, Emma. "Misstänkt sulfidjord i deponi vid Stöcke, Umeå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-112707.

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In the north of Sweden lots of the soil is naturally contaminated by acid sulfate. When soil gets in contact with oxygen an oxidation process begins which releases elements that may be harmful to the surroundings. When the Botniabanan was built, soil had to be transported from the railroad area to deposit sites. This study was made to investigate the suspicions a landowner had regarding if his estate had been contaminated sulphide soil soil during the building of the Botniabanan. To do that four pits were dug in the area where the soil had been deposited. Then the soil was analyzed to see the content of sulfate, iron, organic matters and water. When the results was compared to other studies it showed that the content of sulfate and organic matters was to low to classify the soil as an acid sulfate soil.

Beaulieu, Patricia. "Flammability Characteristics at Heat Fluxes up to 200 kW/m2 and The Effect of Oxygen on Flame Heat Flux." Digital WPI, 2005. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/427.

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"This dissertation documents two interrelated studies that were conducted to more fundamentally understand the scalability of flame heat flux. The first study used an applied heat flux in the bench scale horizontal orientation which simulates a large scale flame heat flux. The second study used enhanced ambient oxygen to actually increase the bench scale flame heat flux itself. Understanding the scalability of flame heat flux more fully will allow better ignition and combustion models to be developed as well as improved test methods. The key aspect of the first study was the use of real scale applied heat flux up to 200 kW/m2. An unexpected non-linear trend is observed in the typical plotting methods currently used in fire protection engineering for ignition and mass loss flux data for several materials tested. This non-linearity is a true material response. This study shows that viewing ignition as an inert material process is inaccurate at predicting the surface temperature at higher heat fluxes and suggests that decomposition kinetics at the surface and possibly even in-depth may need to be included in an analysis of the process of ignition. This study also shows that viewing burning strictly as a surface process where the decomposition kinetics is lumped into the heat of gasification may be inaccurate and the energy balance is too simplified to represent the physics occurring. The key aspect of the second study was direct experimental measurements of flame heat flux back to the burning surface for 20.9 to 40 % ambient oxygen concentrations. The total flame heat flux in enhanced ambient oxygen does not simulate large scale flame heat flux in the horizontal orientation. The vertical orientation shows that enhanced ambient oxygen increases the flame heat flux more significantly and also increases the measured flame spread velocity."

Haddad, Ola. "The effects of burn severity on soil properties : Infiltration rate, moisture, grain size distribution and carbon content Hälleskogsbrännan as an example." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-135798.

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This study focuses on soil hydrological parameters that are expected to be related to burn severity in forests; infiltration rate, soil moisture, grain size distribution and carbon content along a burn severity gradient in Västmanland Sweden, where a major fire occurred in 2014. Hälleskogsbrännan was divided into two burn severities: a moderate severity and a high severity, and a control area. Ten soil samples were taken for laboratory analyses at each severity level. Soil moisture and infiltration rate was measured in situ. Infiltration rates and soil moisture were highest in the most severely affected site, whereas fire effects on soil texture were insignificant. Soil organic carbon content was highest at the low fire severity site, followed by control and high severity fire sites. Inorganic carbon content followed the opposite trend. These results had clear trends but were insignificant, this call for more comprehensive sampling to separate possible confounding site effects.

Al, Saheb Ahmad Abdul Rahman. "Total Organic Carbon Reduction of Sorting by-Product Fractions." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-24132.

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The drive of the EU countries and most of the world towards a circular economy and togenerate zero waste raised a need to study more efficient and less costly treatment processes. The treatment of secondary and by-product fractions to convert them from what is considered waste to a resource will contribute to the movement towards zero waste and circular economy. The fines fraction of construction and demolition waste (CDW) contains high organic materials measured as total organic carbon TOC above the allowed landfilling levels that are allowed for landfilling in Sweden, yet lower organic matter than is required for energy recovery by incineration. The need for new processes to reuse and recycle materials have emphasized the work of thisstudy, this thesis research aims to develop viable, simple treatment methods and pathways ofrecycling systems to convert by-products that are considered waste to reusable and treatable fractions by reducing the total organic carbon TOC. Which have been defined in the researchquestion of this study “How can functional recycling become more effective through the development of innovative treatment pathways for by-products of the recycling system”? and its sub-questions. This study examined a fines fraction from the CDW sorting in Norway using mechanicalseparation methods including single and combined sequential processes of air classificationand float/sink density separation. Using single process batch separation of float/sink had produced a 73.80% weight of the original fines fraction, with reduced TOC from originally 35.54% DM to 4.09% DM which can be considered to be landfilled as non-hazardous provided that it meets all other leachateanalysis criterion, on the other hand, the process produced concentrated the organic carbon inthe float fraction giving a TOC of 40.14% DM to consider treating it with energy recovery. Using a single separation process of high air velocity with the zigzag air classification has lowered the TOC of 19.49% weight of the treated fraction to 1.8% DM from 35.54% DM of the original fines fraction, which can be considered to be landfilled as inert waste if it meetsall other leachate analysis criterion, or can be considered to be used in road base layers, and concentrated the organic carbon in the other fraction to TOC of 19.90% DM that which need further treatment. Using sequential air classification followed by float/sink sequentialseparation produced different low TOC fractions suitable for landfilling in the categoriesinert, non-hazardous, and hazardous waste in Sweden and concentrated the organic content toTOC levels of 20-48% DM TOC which can be considered for energy recovery recycling. The use of sequential density separation processes can lead to better results and can be controlled more to produced better fractions. The conclusion of this study, using float/sink and airclassification separation methods as single or combined sequential processes had successfully produced two fractions firstly the reduced the total organic carbon separated fraction to be suitable the landfilling requirements in Sweden at the same time concentrated the organicmaterial of the other fraction to be suitable for incineration.

Fitzpatrick, Anne. "Igniting The Light Elements: The Los Alamos Thermonuclear Weapon Project, 1942-1952." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40431.

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The American system of nuclear weapons research and development was conceived and developed not as a result of technological determinism, but by a number of individual architects who promoted the growth of this large technologically-based complex. While some of the technological artifacts of this system, such as the fission weapons used in World War II, have been the subject of many historical studies, their technical successors -- fusion (or hydrogen) devices -- are representative of the largely unstudied highly secret realms of nuclear weapons science and engineering. In the postwar period a small number of Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's staff and affiliates were responsible for theoretical work on fusion weapons, yet the program was subject to both the provisions and constraints of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, of which Los Alamos was a part. The Commission leadership's struggle to establish a mission for its network of laboratories, least of all to keep them operating, affected Los Alamos's leaders' decisions as to the course of weapons design and development projects. Adapting Thomas P. Hughes's "large technological systems" thesis, I focus on the technical, social, political, and human problems that nuclear weapons scientists faced while pursuing the thermonuclear project, demonstrating why the early American thermonuclear bomb project was an immensely complicated scientific and technological undertaking. I concentrate mainly on Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory's Theoretical, or T, Division, and its members' attempts to complete an accurate mathematical treatment of the "Super" -- the most difficult problem in physics in the postwar period -- and other fusion weapon theories. Although tackling a theoretical problem, theoreticians had to address technical and engineering issues as well. I demonstrate the relative value and importance of H-bomb research over time in the postwar era to scientific, politician, and military participants in this project. I analyze how and when participants in the H-bomb project recognized both blatant and subtle problems facing the project, how scientists solved them, and the relationship this process had to official nuclear weapons policies. Consequently, I show how the practice of nuclear weapons science in the postwar period became an extremely complex, technologically-based endeavor.
Ph. D.

Benmouffok, Malyk. "Caractérisation théorique du plasma lors de l'application d'un courant impulsionnel : application à l'allumage des moteurs." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30159/document.

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Le contexte économique et écologique difficile ainsi que la réglementation en matière d'émissions de CO2 poussent les industriels de l'automobile à améliorer les moteurs à allumage commandé. L'une des voies d'amélioration envisagées est l'admission de mélanges pauvres ou fortement dilués par des gaz d'échappement (EGR) dans la chambre de combustion. La difficulté de ce type de fonctionnement est l'initiation de l'allumage. Afin de pallier ce problème, les systèmes d'allumage sont étudiés et tout particulièrement l'étincelle. Cette décharge est à l'origine de l'apparition d'un plasma et la compréhension des mécanismes impliqués dans le transfert d'énergie entre ce plasma et le gaz réactif environnant est essentielle. Ce travail s'intéresse à la modélisation de l'étincelle dans sa phase d'arc électrique afin de pouvoir prédire le comportement hydrodynamique de l'arc et la propagation de l'onde de choc. Les modèles transitoires bidimensionnels ou tridimensionnels utilisés sont basés sur le logiciel @ANSYS Fluent couplé à des fonctions utilisateurs développées au sein de l'équipe AEPPT. Ils s'appuient dans un premier temps sur la littérature afin de comprendre le comportement général de la décharge, puis sur des configurations expérimentales utilisées dans le cadre du projet ANR FAMAC. Les simulations sont dans un premier temps et en majorité réalisées dans l'air sur des configurations simplifiées de type pointe-pointe afin de valider le modèle. Ensuite, une étude est faite dans une configuration de réacteur où l'arc est généré entre les bornes d'une bougie d'allumage. Le modèle permet de démontrer le rôle de chacun des paramètres initiaux des simulations ainsi que leur impact sur l'écoulement du plasma. L'influence de la prise en compte du champ magnétique est montrée dans le cadre d'un arc impulsionnel nanoseconde. Enfin, le modèle a permis de montrer le rôle d'un écoulement laminaire latéral en direction d'une décharge de type conventionnelle générée par une bobine d'allumage Audi. L'ensemble de ces résultats pourront être le point de départ d'une étude énergétique sur les systèmes d'allumage ainsi que d'une réflexion concernant la compréhension de l'initiation de la combustion
The economic/ecological context and the CO2 regulation by the "euro" standards lead the automotive industry to improve the spark ignited engines. A way of improvement is the admission of a lean mixture or of a diluted mixture by recirculation of exhaust gases in the combustion chamber. The main difficulty in these conditions is to start the combustion. To overcome this problem, the ignition systems are studied and more particularly the spark. This discharge leads to the apparition of plasma and the understanding of the energy transfer mechanisms between this plasma and the reactive mixture is essential. This work is focus on the modeling of a spark during its electrical arc phase in order to predict the hydrodynamic behavior of the arc and the shock wave propagation. The 2D and 3D transient models are based on ANSYS Fluent coupled with user defined functions developed by the AEPPT team. First, the simulation is based on data from literature review in order to understand the general behavior of the discharge. Then, the model uses experimental configuration developed during the ANR FAMAC project. Simulations are mainly realized in air using simplified configurations (pin-to-pin configurations) in order to valid the model. Then, a study is done in a vessel configuration using real sparkplug geometry. This model allows us to show the role of each initial parameter as well as their impact on the plasma flow. The magnetic field influence is also determined for a nanosecond arc discharge. Finally, the model is used in order to determine the role of a cross flow on a discharge generated by a conventional Audi ignition coil. All these results could be the beginning of an energetic study on ignition systems and could lead to a discussion on the understanding of initiation of the combustion process

Ru, Jang Horng, and 張宏如. "THE EFFECT OF WATER SPRAYING ON IGNITION LOSS OF FIRE-DAMAGED CONCRETE." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/13773957464756311321.

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碩士
國立臺灣科技大學
營建工程技術學系
81
Evalution of fire temperature that imposed on concrete in fire site by the Ignition Loss Method is proven feasible from a provious research. It is known that water spraying is the most common fire extinguish measure, however water will cause a rehydration of cement and affect the amount of ignition loss of concrete. Moreover the sudden contact of water with burned concrete will also result in an uneven retraction of concrete and hence affect its residual strength. This research makes an in-depth investigation on the effect of water on the damage assessment of concrete due to high temperature. A number of concrete specimens were first heated in a tube furnace up to the designed temperature and then moved out for water spraying to simulate the fire fighting situation. After cooling down of the specimens, compression test and ignition loss test followed. The test results indicate that water will cause an increase of ignition loss and decrease of residual strength of fire-damaged concretes.

張宏如. "The effect of water spraying on the ignition loss of fire-damaged concrete." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35765017366711811441.

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Shih, Neng-Hao, and 施能豪. "Effects of the Loss on Ignition of Fly Ash on the Properties of High-Volume Fly Ash Concrete." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/eghrer.

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博士
國立中興大學
土木工程學系所
107
Two series of concrete mixtures (S20 and S30 series) were prepared with a 28-day target compressive strength of 20 ± 5 MPa and 30 ± 5 MPa, respectively. The low-calcium fly ash with loss on ignition (LOI) of 5% was used in S20 series and two kinds of low-calcium fly ash with loss on ignition (LOI) of 5% and 8% were used in S30 series as replacement for cement and/or fine aggregate of 0% (control), 20%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% by weight of the total cementitious materials. The properties of fresh concrete tested included the slump, air content, unit weight and setting time; those of hardened concrete determined included compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, flexural strength and drying shrinkage. Test results of fresh concrete indicate that at the same fly ash substitution ratio, the amount of SP required for high-LOI (8%) fly ash concrete (1.5 to 10.0 kg/m3) was higher than that of low-LOI of fly ash concrete (0.8 to 4.9 kg/m3) but it still could achieve good workability with a slump value between 220 and 250 mm. The low-LOI (5%) fly ash concrete has an air content between 2.6% to 3.4%, while the high-LOI (8%) fly ash concrete has between 2.6% and 6.6%. It can be seen that the concrete with high fly ash substitution ratio (>50%) and the high-LOI (8%) fly ash concrete tended to have a high air content. Test results indicate that the higher the substitution rate of fly ash, the longer the initial and final setting time. Taking the fly ash substitution ratio of 60% as an example, the initial setting time of the fly ash concrete was 2.6 to 3.7 times that of the control concrete. At the same substitution ratio, the high-LOI (8%) fly ash concrete had a longer setting time than that of the low-LOI (5%) fly ash concrete. The high-LOI (8%) fly ash concrete could have an appropriate early strength and a larger late strength gain compared to those of the 28-day strength. The ratios of 7-day to 28-day and 28-day to 365-day strength were 0.53 to 0.69 and 1.34 to 2.10, respectively. The development trend of flexural strength of fly ash concrete over time was similar to the results of compressive strength. At 7 days, the flexural strength of fly ash concrete was lower than that of the control concrete. At 28-days, the flexural strength of fly ash concrete was relatively close to the control concrete mixtures, most of the concrete with low-LOI (5%) fly ash had higher flexural strength than those with high-LOI (8%) fly ash. Test results indicated that when only the fly ash was used to replace part of the cement (20% to 60%), it could improve the elastic modulus of the concrete. In concrete with a fly ash substitution ratio of 80%, the fly ash was not only used to replace the cement but further replaced the fine aggregate, which greatly reduced the amount of fine aggregate with a significantly lower elastic module than that of the control concrete. In addition, under the same age and fly ash substitution ratio, the elastic modulus of the concretes with high-LOI (8%) fly ash were lower than those concretes with low-LOI (5%) fly ash. Conforming to the literature results, the dry shrinkage of fly ash concrete was lower than that of the control concrete, and the dry shrinkage of the concrete decreased with the increase of the fly ash substitution ratio. At 224 days, the control concrete had a dry shrinkage of 718 μ, and the low-LOI (5%) fly ash concrete mixtures was between 504 and 613 μ and the high-LOI (8%) fly ash concrete was between 590 and 632 μ. The dry shrinkage of high-LOI fly ash concrete was slightly higher than that of the low-LOI fly ash concrete. In addition to reducing the dry shrinkage of concrete, the high-LOI fly ash of high-volume fly ash concrete has higher air content and good workability, and its compressive strength and flexural strength of late ages are higher than the control concrete. Although the development of early strength is slow, when the strength is required at early ages can be achieved by using a water-reducing admixture, increasing the total cementitious content of the mix. The retarding effect of setting time can be reduced by using set-accelerating admixtures or by increasing the initial temperature of the concrete during production. High-volume fly ash concrete is an economical, durable and environmentally friendly concrete. Some of the fly ash currently produced in Taiwan does not meet the upper limit of the CNS 3036 on LOI (6%), thus limiting the utilization of fly ash. The research results show that high-LOI fly ash of high-volume fly ash concrete still have good performance, subsequent considerations should be taken to moderately relax the upper limit of LOI.

Книги з теми "Loss of ignition":

Slee, Roger H. High output engine design with performance and loss approximations. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Bonnke, Reinhard. Evangelism by fire: Igniting your passion for the lost. Dallas: Word Pub., 1990.

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Precision Estimates of AASHTO T267: Determination of Organic Content in Soils by Loss on Ignition. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/22921.

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An Exploratory Study on a High-Energy Flux (HEF) Calorimeter to Characterize Flammability of Advanced Engineered Polymers: Phase 1 - Ignition and Mass Loss Rate. Storming Media, 1999.

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U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission. Characterization of Thermal-Hydraulic and Ignition Phenomena in Prototypic, Full-Length Boiling Water Reactor Spent Fuel Pool Assemblies After a Postulated Complete Loss-of-Coolant Accident. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2014.

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Bonnke, Reinhard. Evangelism by Fire: Igniting Your Passion for the Lost. Full Flame Gmbh, 2002.

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Miller-Davenport, Sarah. Gateway State. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181233.001.0001.

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This book explores the development of Hawaiʻi as a model for liberal multiculturalism and a tool of American global power in the era of decolonization. The establishment of Hawaiʻi statehood in 1959 was a watershed moment, not only in the ways Americans defined their nation's role on the international stage but also in the ways they understood the problems of social difference at home. Hawaiʻi's remarkable transition from territory to state heralded the emergence of postwar multiculturalism, which was a response both to independence movements abroad and to the limits of civil rights in the United States. Once a racially problematic overseas colony, by the 1960s, Hawaiʻi had come to symbolize John F. Kennedy's New Frontier. This was a more inclusive idea of who counted as American at home and what areas of the world were considered to be within the U.S. sphere of influence. Statehood advocates argued that Hawaiʻi and its majority Asian population could serve as a bridge to Cold War Asia—and as a global showcase of American democracy and racial harmony. In the aftermath of statehood, business leaders and policymakers worked to institutionalize and sell this ideal by capitalizing on Hawaiʻi's diversity. Asian Americans in Hawaiʻi never lost a perceived connection to Asia. Instead, their ethnic difference became a marketable resource to help other Americans navigate a decolonizing world. As excitement over statehood dimmed, the utopian vision of Hawaiʻi fell apart, revealing how racial inequality and U.S. imperialism continued to shape the fiftieth state—and igniting a backlash against the islands' white-dominated institutions.

Частини книг з теми "Loss of ignition":

Gooch, Jan W. "Ignition Loss." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 381. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_6195.

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Plater, Andrew J., Jason R. Kirby, John F. Boyle, Timothy Shaw, and Hayley Mills. "Loss on ignition and organic content." In Handbook of Sea-Level Research, 312–30. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118452547.ch21.

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Schulte, E. E., and B. G. Hopkins. "Estimation of Soil Organic Matter by Weight Loss-On-Ignition." In Soil Organic Matter: Analysis and Interpretation, 21–31. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaspecpub46.c3.

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Crouch, L. K., Sarah Dillon, and Marcus L. Knight. "Tennessee Lime-Fly Ash-Stabilized Base Using a High Loss-on-Ignition Fly Ash." In Lime: Building on the 100-Year Legacy of The ASTM Committee C07, 60–75. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp104326.

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Crouch, L. K., Sarah Dillon, and Marcus L. Knight. "Tennessee Lime-Fly Ash-Stabilized Base Using a High Loss-on-Ignition Fly Ash." In Lime: Building on the 100-Year Legacy of The ASTM Committee C07, 1–16. 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959: ASTM International, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1520/stp104326t.

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"Ignition loss." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 514. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30160-0_6100.

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"loss on ignition." In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik, 820. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_122356.

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"Water Content and Loss on Ignition." In Handbook of Soil Analysis, 3–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-31211-6_1.

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Schwenzfeuer, Klaus, Martin Glor, and Andreas Gitzi. "Relation between Ignition Energy and Limiting Oxygen Concentration for powders." In Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, 909–16. Elsevier, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-044450699-3/50011-2.

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"B1. Hyperbaric ignition and combustion behaviour for some selected diving chamber specific materials." In Management and Engineering of Fire Safety and Loss Prevention, 184–93. Routledge, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203975176-14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Loss of ignition":

Bickford, James A., Michael Y. Feng, Mitchell Hansberry, Daniel Harjes, Eric Balles, Joe Estrada, Chris Hill, and Bill Kirkenir. "Automated, On-Line Loss-on-Ignition (LOI) Sensor." In 2012 20th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering and the ASME 2012 Power Conference. ASME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone20-power2012-54238.

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Liu, Jia, Haina Liu, Jinjun Jin, Zhexi He, Xuefeng Wang, and Junlong Wang. "Research of loss detection of optic path for laser ignition application." In Selected Proceedings of the Chinese Society for Optical Engineering Conferences held November 2015, edited by Weimin Bao and Yueguang Lv. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2228468.

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Tsurushima, Tadashi, Eiji Kunishima, Yasuo Asaumi, Yuzo Aoyagi, and Yoshiteru Enomoto. "The Effect of Knock on Heat Loss in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines." In SAE 2002 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-0108.

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Oh, Hee-Keun, and Kwi-Young Lee. "The Effect of Piston Motion on Time Loss in a Spark Ignition Engine." In 1989 Conference and Exposition on Future Transportation Technology. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/891675.

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Franklin, Matthew L., and Thomas E. Murphy. "A Study of Knock and Power Loss in the Automotive Spark Ignition Engine." In SAE International Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/890161.

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Shehata, M. S. "Combustion Characteristics of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled by LPG." In ASME 2001 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2001-ice-422.

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Abstract Experimental studies have been carried out for investigating engine performance parameters, cylinder pressure, emissions and engine thermal balance of spark ignition engine (S.I.E.) using either gasoline or Liquefied Petroleum Gases (LPG) as a fuel at maximum brake torque (MBT) ignition timing. MBT ignition timing for LPG is found to be 2 to 10 degrees crank angle more advance than for gasoline. Maximum cylinder pressure locations for gasoline and LPG are shifted towards top dead center (TDC) with increase engine speed. At low engine speed, maximum cylinder pressure for gasoline fuel is higher than for LPG fuel. At high engine speeds maximum cylinder pressure for LPG is nearly the same as for gasoline. Maximum pressure for ignition timing 35 crank angle (CA) before top dead center (BTDC) is greater than for 45 and 25 CA respectively. Engine produces more brake power with gasoline than with LPG. Engine brake thermal efficiency (ηbth) and volumetric efficiency (ηv) with LPG is less than for gasoline. When S.I.E converted from gasoline to LPG the loss in maximum power is nearly 14% and the loss in maximum efficiency is nearly 8%. UHC and CO concentrations for LPG are nearly one-tenth of that produced by gasoline at the same ignition timing and the same engine speed. For low engine speed exhaust and oil temperatures for gasoline and LPG increase with increase engine speed but for high engine speed exhaust and oil temperature decreases with increase engine speed. For gasoline and LPG cooling water temperature decreases with increase engine speed. Lubricating oil and cooling water temperatures for gasoline and LPG increase with increase ignition timing BTDC but exhaust gas temperature decreases with increase ignition timing. LPG has higher exhausted gas temperature than gasoline but gasoline has higher oil temperature than LPG. At different ignition timing exhaust loss for LPG is greater than for gasoline but cooling water loss for gasoline is greater than for LPG.

Kang, Mingxin, and Tielong Shen. "Modeling and optimal control for torque tracking of spark-ignition engines with low pumping loss." In 2016 35th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2016.7554787.

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Vickery, Caroline Elizabeth, Claire Campbell, and C. Brannon Andersen. "CONSTRAINTS OF LOSS ON IGNITION AS A PREDICTOR OF SOIL ORGANIC CARBON IN PIEDMONT SOILS." In Joint 69th Annual Southeastern / 55th Annual Northeastern GSA Section Meeting - 2020. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020se-345092.

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Lackner, Maximilian, Franz Winter, Soren Charareh, Kurt Iskra, Theo Neger, Herbert Kopecek, Ernst Wintner, Johann Klausner, and Gu¨nther Herdin. "Optical Diagnostics of Laser Ignition for Future Advanced Engines." In ASME 2004 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2004-0872.

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A laser-based system should be advantageous to a spark-plug based ignition system. Free choice of the ignition spot and precise timing constitute two major advantages. Multi point laser ignition could lead to higher efficiencies, and laser ignition as such is capable of igniting leaner mixtures than a spark plug, thereby decreasing thermal NOx and soot emissions. This paper is devoted to advances in optical diagnostics of laser ignition for future internal combustion engines. The focus of this paper is on diagnostics at high pressures, that is engine-like conditions. Laser ignition tests were performed with the fuels methane, hydrogen and biogas in static combustion cells with dimensions comparable to stationary engines. A Nd:YAG laser (5 ns pulse duration, wavelength 1064 nm, 1–20 mJ pulse energy) was used to ignite gaseous fuel/air mixtures at initial pressures of 1–3 MPa. Schlieren photography and laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) were used for optical diagnostics (flame kernel development, shock wave propagation). The lean burn characteristics were investigated. Schlieren photography was used to determine the velocity of the shock wave and to study the influence of the shock wave on temperature rise and energy loss. Using planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF), the spatial distribution of the combustion intermediates OH and formaldehyde were recorded. The temporally resolved imaging shows that the initial stages of the flame front evolution closely follows the turbulence and density fluctuations caused by the shock and pressure wave induced by the laser spark. In this paper, results from LIF spectroscopy and Schlieren photography are compared. Depending on the laser pulse energy and focus size, at later stages after the ignition the flame front propagation approaches the laminar burning regime and flame front speed decrease. Flame front break up at lean conditions indicates the limit of the ignitable mixture fraction when the speed due to spark-induced convection exceeds the flame propagation rate.

Peters, Nathan, Michael Bunce, and Hugh Blaxill. "The Impact of Engine Displacement on Efficiency Loss Pathways in a Highly Dilute Jet Ignition Engine." In WCX SAE World Congress Experience. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-0330.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Loss of ignition":

Winstead, M. L. Loss/gain on ignition test report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/463562.

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De Vries, M. L. Loss/gain on ignition testing for HC-21C. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10116412.

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JOHNSON, D. C. Loss on Ignition Furnace Acceptance and Operability Test Procedure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804227.

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JOHNSTON, D. C. Loss on Ignition Furnace Acceptance and Operability Test Procedure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/804753.

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Click, D. R. Measurement of Coal in Sludge Batch 3 Simulant by Weight Loss on Ignition (LOI) Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/806912.

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Tewarson, Archibald, Wai Chin, and Richard Shuford. An Exploratory Study on a High-Energy Flux (HEF) Calorimeter to Characterize Flammability of Advanced Engineered Polymers: Phase 1 - Ignition and Mass Loss Rate. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada369237.

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Lindgren, Eric Richard, and Samuel G. Durbin. Characterization of thermal-hydraulic and ignition phenomena in prototypic, full-length boiling water reactor spent fuel pool assemblies after a complete loss-of-coolant accident. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1250761.

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Fitzpatrick, Anne C. Igniting the Light Elements: The Los Alamos Thermonuclear Weapon Project, 1942-1952. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10596.

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Baral, Aniruddha, Jeffery Roesler, and Junryu Fu. Early-age Properties of High-volume Fly Ash Concrete Mixes for Pavement: Volume 2. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-031.

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High-volume fly ash concrete (HVFAC) is more cost-efficient, sustainable, and durable than conventional concrete. This report presents a state-of-the-art review of HVFAC properties and different fly ash characterization methods. The main challenges identified for HVFAC for pavements are its early-age properties such as air entrainment, setting time, and strength gain, which are the focus of this research. Five fly ash sources in Illinois have been repeatedly characterized through x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, and laser diffraction over time. The fly ash oxide compositions from the same source but different quarterly samples were overall consistent with most variations observed in SO3 and MgO content. The minerals present in various fly ash sources were similar over multiple quarters, with the mineral content varying. The types of carbon present in the fly ash were also characterized through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, loss on ignition, and foam index tests. A new computer vision–based digital foam index test was developed to automatically capture and quantify a video of the foam layer for better operator and laboratory reliability. The heat of hydration and setting times of HVFAC mixes for different cement and fly ash sources as well as chemical admixtures were investigated using an isothermal calorimeter. Class C HVFAC mixes had a higher sulfate imbalance than Class F mixes. The addition of chemical admixtures (both PCE- and lignosulfonate-based) delayed the hydration, with the delay higher for the PCE-based admixture. Both micro- and nano-limestone replacement were successful in accelerating the setting times, with nano-limestone being more effective than micro-limestone. A field test section constructed of HVFAC showed the feasibility and importance of using the noncontact ultrasound device to measure the final setting time as well as determine the saw-cutting time. Moreover, field implementation of the maturity method based on wireless thermal sensors demonstrated its viability for early opening strength, and only a few sensors with pavement depth are needed to estimate the field maturity.