Готові списки джерел за темами / Low latitude region

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Low latitude region"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Low latitude region"

Stening, R. J. "Modelling the low latitude F region." Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 54, no. 11-12 (November 1992): 1387–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(92)90147-d.

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Jensen, J. W., and B. G. Fejer. "Longitudinal dependence of middle and low latitude zonal plasma drifts measured by DE-2." Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 12 (January 2, 2007): 2551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-2551-2007.

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Abstract. We used ion drift observations from the DE-2 satellite to study for the first time the longitudinal variations of middle and low latitude F region zonal plasma drifts during quiet and disturbed conditions. The quiet-time middle latitude drifts are predominantly westward; the low latitude drifts are westward during the day and eastward at night. The daytime quiet-time drifts do not change much with longitude; the nighttime drifts have strong season dependent longitudinal variations. In the dusk-premidnight period, the equinoctial middle latitude westward drifts are smallest in the European sector and the low latitude eastward drifts are largest in the American-Pacific sector. The longitudinal variations of the late night-early morning drifts during June and December solstice are anti-correlated. During geomagnetically active times, there are large westward perturbation drifts in the late afternoon-early night sector at upper middle latitudes, and in the midnight sector at low latitudes. The largest westward disturbed drifts during equinox occur in European sector, and the smallest in the Pacific region. These results suggest that during equinox SAPS events occur most often at European longitudes. The low latitude perturbation drifts do not show significant longitudinal

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Qu, Tao, Lifeng Zhang, Yuan Wang, Xu Wang, and Jiping Guan. "Seasonal Variations in the Vertical Wavenumber Spectra of Stratospheric Gravity Waves in the Asian Monsoon Region Derived from COSMIC-2 Data." Remote Sensing 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 6336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14246336.

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We used the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate-2 (COSMIC-2) dry temperature profile data from December 2019 to November 2021 to study the vertical wavenumber spectra of the potential energy of stratospheric gravity waves (GWs Ep) in the Asian monsoon region (15–45°N, 70–150°E). The GW Ep decreases with increasing vertical wavenumber, and the spectral slope varies with wavenumber. The spectral slope becomes smaller over a wavenumber range of 0.1–0.45 km−1, and larger from 0.45–1 km−1, with increasing wavenumber. The energy density distribution at middle and low latitudes shows seasonal variations. Over a wavenumber range of 0.05–0.5 km−1, the energy density in winter is higher at middle latitudes than at low latitudes, and the opposite is observed in summer over a wavenumber range from 0.1 to 1 km−1. Both the spectral amplitude and characteristic wavelength exhibit band-like patterns, and the large-value bands and their centers vary significantly with the season. In winter, the middle latitude spectral amplitude is larger than that at low latitudes, and the significant large-value band-like distribution is at 40°N. In summer, the distribution is opposite, with large-value band regions over the Bay of Bengal and Indo-China Peninsula. The large-value region of the middle latitude spectral amplitude corresponds to a longer characteristic wavelength, while the large-value region of the low latitude spectral amplitude corresponds to a shorter characteristic wavelength. There is also significant seasonal variation in the distribution of spectral slopes. Over a wavenumber range of 0.1 to 0.5 km−1, the slope is smaller at middle latitudes and larger at low latitudes in winter; the opposite is observed in summer. There is a significant annual cycle of spectral amplitude at middle and low latitudes, and a 4.8 month cycle at middle latitudes.

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Dabas, R. S., R. M. Das, V. K. Vohra, and C. V. Devasia. "Space weather impact on the equatorial and low latitude F-region ionosphere over India." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 1 (March 7, 2006): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-97-2006.

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Abstract. For a detailed study of the space weather impact on the equatorial and low latitude F-region, the ionospheric response features are analysed during the periods of three recent and most severe magnetic storm events of the present solar cycle which occurred in October and November 2003, and November 2004. The F-layer base height (h'F), peak height (hmF2) and critical frequency (foF2) data, from Trivandrum, an equatorial station and Delhi, a low latitude location, are examined during the three magnetic storm periods. The results of the analysis clearly shows that the height of the F-region (both h'F and hmF2), at the equator and low latitude, simultaneously increases by 200 to 300 km, in association with maximum negative excursion of Dst values around the midnight hours with a large depletion of ionization over the equator, which is followed by an ionization enhancement at low latitude during the recovery phase of the storm. At Delhi, fast variations up to 200 m/s are also observed in the F-layer vertical upward/downward velocity, calculated using Doppler shifts, associated with the maximum negative excursion of Dst. This shows that during magnetic disturbances, the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) expands to a much wider latitude than the normal fountain driven by the E/F-layer dynamo electric fields. It is also observed that during the main phase of the storm, at low latitude there is generally an enhancement of F-region ionization with an increase in h'F/hmF2 but in the equatorial region, the ionization collapses with a decrease in h'F/hmF2, especially after sunset hours. In addition, at the equator the normal pre-sunset hours' enhancement in h'F is considerably suppressed during storm periods. This might be due to changes in magnitude and direction of the zonal electric field affecting the upward E×B drift and hence the plasma distribution in the form of a decrease in electron density in the equatorial region and an increase in the low latitude region. In association with disturbance electric fields, the enhanced storm-induced equatorward meridional winds in the thermosphere can also further amplify the F-layer height rise at low latitudes during the post-midnight hours, as observed in two of the storm periods.

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Krishna Murthy, B. V., and S. S. Hari. "Electric fields in the low latitude F-region." Advances in Space Research 18, no. 6 (January 1996): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00906-x.

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Zhou, Yun-Liang, Li Wang, Chao Xiong, Hermann Lühr, and Shu-Ying Ma. "The solar activity dependence of nonmigrating tides in electron density at low and middle latitudes observed by CHAMP and GRACE." Annales Geophysicae 34, no. 4 (April 27, 2016): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-34-463-2016.

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Abstract. In this paper we use more than a decade of in situ electron density observations from CHAMP and GRACE satellites to investigate the solar activity dependence of nonmigrating tides at both low and middle latitudes. The results indicate that the longitudinal patterns of F region electron density vary with season and latitude, which are exhibiting a wavenumber 4 (WN4) pattern around September equinox at low latitudes and WN1/WN2 patterns during local summer at the southern/northern middle latitudes. These wave patterns in the F region ionosphere can clearly be seen during both solar maximum and minimum years. At low latitudes the absolute amplitudes of DE3 (contributing to the WN4 pattern) are found to be highly related to the solar activity, showing larger amplitudes during solar maximum years. Similarly a solar activity dependence can also be found for the absolute amplitudes of D0, DW2 and DE1 (contributing to the WN1 and WN2 pattern) at middle latitudes. The relative amplitudes (normalized by the zonal mean) of these nonmigrating tides at both low and middle altitudes show little dependence on solar activity. We further found a clear modulation by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) of the relative DE3 amplitudes in both satellite observations, which is consistent with the QBO dependence as reported for the E region temperatures and zonal wind. It also supports the strong coupling of the low-latitude nonmigrating tidal activity between the E and F regions. However, the QBO dependence cannot be found for the relative amplitudes of the nonmigrating tides at middle latitudes, which implies that these tides are generated in situ at F region altitudes.

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Abe, Oladipo Emmanuel, Xurxo Otero Villamide, Claudia Paparini, Rodrigue Herbert Ngaya, Sandro M. Radicella, and Bruno Nava. "Signature of ionospheric irregularities under different geophysical conditions on SBAS performance in the western African low-latitude region." Annales Geophysicae 35, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-35-1-2017.

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Abstract. Rate of change of TEC (ROT) and its index (ROTI) are considered a good proxy to characterize the occurrence of ionospheric plasma irregularities like those observed after sunset at low latitudes. SBASs (satellite-based augmentation systems) are civil aviation systems that provide wide-area or regional improvement to single-frequency satellite navigation using GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) constellations. Plasma irregularities in the path of the GNSS signal after sunset cause severe phase fluctuations and loss of locks of the signals in GNSS receiver at low-latitude regions. ROTI is used in this paper to characterize plasma density ionospheric irregularities in central–western Africa under nominal and disturbed conditions and identified some days of irregularity inhibition. A specific low-latitude algorithm is used to emulate potential possible SBAS message using real GNSS data in the western African low-latitude region. The performance of a possible SBAS operation in the region under different ionospheric conditions is analysed. These conditions include effects of geomagnetic disturbed periods when SBAS performance appears to be enhanced due to ionospheric irregularity inhibition. The results of this paper could contribute to a feasibility assessment of a European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System-based SBAS in the sub-Saharan African region.

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Yizengaw, E., E. A. Essex, and R. Birsa. "The Southern Hemisphere and equatorial region ionization response for a 22 September 1999 severe magnetic storm." Annales Geophysicae 22, no. 8 (September 7, 2004): 2765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-22-2765-2004.

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Abstract. The ionospheric storm evolution process was monitored during the 22 September 1999 magnetic storm over the Australian eastern region, through measurements of the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) from seven Global Positioning Systems (GPS) stations. The spatial and temporal variations of the ionosphere were analysed as a time series of TEC maps. Results of our analysis show that the main ionospheric effect of the storm under consideration are: the long lasting negative storm effect during a magnetic storm at mid-latitude regions; the strong, positive disturbances during the storm's main phase at auroral latitude regions; the effects of storm-induced equatorward directed wind causing a positive disturbance at high and mid-latitude stations with appropriate time shift between higher and lower latitudes; daytime poleward movement of depleted plasma that causes temporary suppression of the equatorial anomaly during the start of the storm recovery phase; and prompt penetration of eastward electric fields to ionospheric altitudes and the production of nearly simultaneous TEC enhancement at all latitudes. In general, we found dominant negative disturbance over mid and high latitudes and positive disturbance at low latitudes. A comparison of storm-time behaviour of TEC determined from GPS satellites, and foF2 derived from ionosondes at a range of latitudes, showed reasonable agreement between the two independent measurements.

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Kumar, Edwin A., and Sushil Kumar. "Geomagnetic Storm Effect on F2-Region Ionosphere during 2012 at Low- and Mid-Latitude-Latitude Stations in the Southern Hemisphere." Atmosphere 13, no. 3 (March 15, 2022): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13030480.

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The ionospheric effects of six intense geomagnetic storms with Dst index ≤ −100 nT that occurred in 2012 were studied at a low-latitude station, Darwin (Geomagnetic coordinates, 21.96° S, 202.84° E), a low-mid-latitude station, Townsville (28.95° S, 220.72° E), and a mid-latitude station, Canberra (45.65° S, 226.30° E), in the Australian Region, by analyzing the storm–time variations in the critical frequency of the F2-region (foF2). Out of six storms, a storm of 23–24 April did not produce any ionospheric effect. The storms of 30 September–3 October (minimum Dst = −122 nT) and 7–10 October (minimum Dst = −109 nT) are presented as case studies and the same analysis was done for the other four storms. The storm of 30 September–3 October, during its main phase, produced a positive ionospheric storm at all three stations with a maximum percentage increase in foF2 (∆foF2%) of 45.3% at Canberra whereas during the recovery phase it produced a negative ionospheric storm at all three stations with a maximum ∆foF2% of −63.5% at Canberra associated with a decrease in virtual height of the F-layer (h’F). The storm of 7–10 October produced a strong long-duration negative ionospheric storm associated with an increase in h’F during its recovery phase at all three stations with a maximum ∆foF2% of −65.1% at Townsville. The negative ionospheric storms with comparatively longer duration were more pronounced in comparison to positive storms and occurred only during the recovery phase of storms. The storm main phase showed positive ionospheric storms for two storms (14–15 July and 30 September–3 October) and other three storms did not produce any ionospheric storm at the low-latitude station indicating prompt penetrating electric fields (PPEFs) associated with these storms did not propagate to the low latitude. The positive ionospheric storms during the main phase are accounted to PPEFs affecting ionospheric equatorial E × B drifts and traveling ionospheric disturbances due to joule heating at the high latitudes. The ionospheric effects during the recovery phase are accounted to the disturbance dynamo electric fields and overshielding electric field affecting E × B drifts and the storm-induced circulation from high latitudes toward low latitudes leading to changes in the natural gas composition [O/N2] ratio.

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Yamauchi, Masatoshi, Magnar G. Johnsen, Carl-Fredrik Enell, Anders Tjulin, Anna Willer, and Dmitry A. Sormakov. "High-latitude crochet: solar-flare-induced magnetic disturbance independent from low-latitude crochet." Annales Geophysicae 38, no. 6 (November 3, 2020): 1159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-38-1159-2020.

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Abstract. A solar-flare-induced, high-latitude (peak at 70–75∘ geographic latitude – GGlat) ionospheric current system was studied. Right after the X9.3 flare on 6 September 2017, magnetic stations at 68–77∘ GGlat near local noon detected northward geomagnetic deviations (ΔB) for more than 3 h, with peak amplitudes of >200 nT without any accompanying substorm activities. From its location, this solar flare effect, or crochet, is different from previously studied ones, namely, the subsolar crochet (seen at lower latitudes), auroral crochet (pre-requires auroral electrojet in sunlight), or cusp crochet (seen only in the cusp). The new crochet is much more intense and longer in duration than the subsolar crochet. The long duration matches with the period of high solar X-ray flux (more than M3-class flare level). Unlike the cusp crochet, the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) BY is not the driver, with the BY values of only 0–1 nT out of a 3 nT total field. The equivalent ionospheric current flows eastward in a limited latitude range but extended at least 8 h in local time (LT), forming a zonal current region equatorward of the polar cap on the geomagnetic closed region. EISCAT radar measurements, which were conducted over the same region as the most intense ΔB, show enhancements of electron density (and hence of ion-neutral density ratio) at these altitudes (∼100 km) at which strong background ion convection (>100 m s−1) pre-existed in the direction of tidal-driven diurnal solar quiet (Sq0) flow. Therefore, this new zonal current can be related to this Sq0-like convection and the electron density enhancement, for example, by descending the E-region height. However, we have not found why the new crochet is found in a limited latitudinal range, and therefore, the mechanism is still unclear compared to the subsolar crochet that is maintained by a transient redistribution of the electron density. The signature is sometimes seen in the auroral electrojet (AE = AU − AL) index. A quick survey for X-class flares during solar cycle 23 and 24 shows clear increases in AU for about half the > X2 flares during non-substorm time, despite the unfavourable latitudinal coverage of the AE stations for detecting this new crochet. Although some of these AU increases could be the auroral crochet signature, the high-latitude crochet can be a rather common feature for X flares. We found a new type of the solar flare effect on the dayside ionospheric current at high latitudes but equatorward of the cusp during quiet periods. The effect is also seen in the AU index for nearly half of the > X2-class solar flares. A case study suggests that the new crochet is related to the Sq0 (tidal-driven part) current.

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Дисертації з теми "Low latitude region"

Dubazane, Makhosonke Berthwell. "Modelling Ionospheric vertical drifts over the African low latitude region." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/63356.

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Low/equatorial latitudes vertical plasma drifts and electric fields govern the formation and changes of ionospheric density structures which affect space-based systems such as communications, navigation and positioning. Dynamical and electrodynamical processes play important roles in plasma distribution at different altitudes. Because of the high variability of E × B drift in low latitude regions, coupled with various processes that sometimes originate from high latitudes especially during geomagnetic storm conditions, it is challenging to develop accurate vertical drift models. This is despite the fact that there are very few instruments dedicated to provide electric field and hence E × B drift data in low/equatorial latitude regions. To this effect, there exists no ground-based instrument for direct measurements of E×B drift data in the African sector. This study presents the first time investigation aimed at modelling the long-term variability of low latitude vertical E × B drift over the African sector using a combination of Communication and Navigation Outage Forecasting Systems (C/NOFS) and ground-based magnetometer observations/measurements during 2008-2013. Because the approach is based on the estimation of equatorial electrojet from ground-based magnetometer observations, the developed models are only valid for local daytime. Three modelling techniques have been considered. The application of Empirical Orthogonal Functions and partial least squares has been performed on vertical E × B drift modelling for the first time. The artificial neural networks that have the advantage of learning underlying changes between a set of inputs and known output were also used in vertical E × B drift modelling. Due to lack of E×B drift data over the African sector, the developed models were validated using satellite data and the climatological Scherliess-Fejer model incorporated within the International Reference Ionosphere model. Maximum correlation coefficient of ∼ 0.8 was achieved when validating the developed models with C/NOFS E × B drift observations that were not used in any model development. For most of the time, the climatological model overestimates the local daytime vertical E × B drift velocities. The methods and approach presented in this study provide a background for constructing vertical E ×B drift databases in longitude sectors that do not have radar instrumentation. This will in turn make it possible to study day-to-day variability of vertical E×B drift and hopefully lead to the development of regional and global models that will incorporate local time information in different longitude sectors.

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Jensen, John W. "Climatology of Middle and Low-Latitude F-Region Plasma Drifts from Satellite Measurements." DigitalCommons@USU, 2007. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7444.

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We used ion drift observations from the DE-2 satellite to study for the first time the longitudinal variations of middle and low latitude F-region zonal plasma drifts during quiet and disturbed conditions. The daytime quiet-time drifts do not change much with longitude. In the dusk-premidnight period, the equinoctial middle latitude westward drifts are smallest in the European sector, and the low latitude eastward drifts are largest in the American-Pacific sector. The longitudinal variations of the late night-early morning drifts during June and December solstice are anti-correlated. During geomagnetically active time s, there are large westward perturbation drifts in the late afternoon-early night sector at upper middle latitudes and in the midnight sector at low latitudes. The largest westward disturbed drifts during equinox occur in the European sector and the smallest in the Pacific region. These results suggest that during equinox, Subauroral Polarization Streams (SAPS) events occur most often at European longitudes. The low latitude perturbation drifts do not show significant longitudinal dependence. We have used five years of measurements on board the ROCSA T-1 satellite to develop a detailed local-time, season, and longitude-dependent quiet-time global empirical model for equatorial F-region vertical plasma drifts. We show that the longitudinal dependence of the daytime and nighttime vertical drifts is much stronger than reported earlier, especially during December and June solstice. The late night downward drift velocities are larger in the eastern than in the western hemisphere at all seasons, the morning and afternoon December solstice drifts have significantly different longitudinal dependence, and the daytime upward drifts have strong wavenumber-four signatures during equinox and June solstice. The largest evening upward drifts occur during equinox and December solstice near the American sector. The longitudinal variations of the evening prereversal velocity peaks during December and June solstice are anti-correlated, which further indicates the importance of conductivity effects on the electrodynamics of the equatorial ionosphere. We have shown that disturbance dynamo largely does not affect daytime drifts. The upward perturbations during the nighttime are largely season independent, but near the prereversal enhancement, the downward perturbation drifts are largest during equinox and smallest during December.

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Maruyama, Takashi. "Experimental and Theoretical study of Ionospheric Irregularities in the F Region at Low-Latitudes." Kyoto University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/168763.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・論文博士
博士(工学)
乙第7875号
論工博第2585号
新制||工||878(附属図書館)
UT51-92-K375
(主査)教授木村磐根, 教授加藤進, 教授深尾昌一郎
学位規則第4条第2項該当

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Musa, Tajul Ariffin Surveying &amp Spatial Information Systems Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Analysis of residual atmospheric delay in the low latitude regions using network-based GPS positioning." Awarded by:University of New South Wales, 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39963.

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The atmosphere in low latitude regions is of particular interest to GPS researchers because the propagation of GPS signals becomes significantly delayed compared with other regions of the world. Hence this limits GPS positioning accuracy in equatorial regions. Although the atmospheric delay can be modelled, a residual component will still remain. Reducing, or mitigating the effect of residual atmospheric delay is of great interest, and remains a challenge, especially in equatorial regions. Analysis of relative positioning accuracy of GPS baselines has confirmed that the residual atmospheric delay is distance-dependent, even in low latitude areas. Residual ionospheric delay is the largest component in terms of both absolute magnitude and variability. However it can be largely eliminated by forming the ionosphere-free combination of measurements made on two frequencies. The residual tropospheric delay is smaller in magnitude but rather problematic due to strong spatio-temporal variations of its wet component. Introducing additional troposphere ???scale factors??? in the least squares estimation of relative position can reduce the effect of the residual. In a local GPS network, the distance-dependent errors can be spatially modelled by network-based positioning. The network-based technique generates a network ???correction??? for user positioning. The strategy is to partition this network correction into dispersive and non-dispersive components. The latter can be smoothed in order to enhance the ionosphere-free combination, and can be of benefit to ambiguity resolution. After this step, both the dispersive and non-dispersive correction components can be used in the final positioning step. Additional investigations are conducted for stochastic modelling of network-based positioning. Based on the least squares residuals, the variance-covariance estimation technique can be adapted to static network-based positioning. Moreover, a two-step procedure can be employed to deal with the temporal correlation in the measurements. Test results on GPS networks in low latitude and mid-latitude areas have demonstrated that the proposed network-based positioning strategy works reasonably well in resolving the ambiguities, assisting the ambiguity validation process and in computing the user???s position. Furthermore, test results of stochastic modelling in various GPS networks suggests that there are improvements in validating the ambiguity resolution results and handling the temporal correlation, although the positioning result do not differ compared to using the simple stochastic model typically used in standard baseline processing.

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Jonah, Olusegun Folarin. "A study of daytime MSTIDs over equatorial and low latitude regions during tropospheric convection: observations and simulations." Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 2017. http://urlib.net/sid.inpe.br/mtc-m21b/2017/02.02.15.30.

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Medium Scale Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (MSTIDs) are the highly dynamical phenomenona covering all latitudes in the F region ionosphere and they propagate a long distance, often in the form of wave-fronts. Their presence in a wide region pose threat to the radio propagation and trigger the equatorial plasma bubble which disrupts the GNSS navigation system. Atmospheric Gravity Wave (AGW) is believed to be the cause of these MSTIDs during daytime. However, the seeding mechanism of these AGWs is still a research question. The objective of this thesis is to study the dynamics of daytime MSTIDs over Brazil using detrended TEC, with focus on understanding their propagation characteristics. In addition, this thesis also presents novel results on daytime MSTIDs geomagnetic conjugate mapping characteristics and mechanisms responsible. Both observational and theoretical tools are employed to pursue these objectives. Observational data obtained using instruments such as a network of GNSS receivers, digisonde, low-orbiting satellites (COSMIC) and meteorological satellites (GOES Satellite) are analyzed to identify the driving source of MSTIDs-AGW. Interesting characteristics associated with the widely pursued convective-AGWs driven generation mechanism from past literatures, are investigated. This mechanism is further studied theoretically, by adapting a Convectional-Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Coupled model (CAI-CM) to incorporate the dynamics of convectively generated AGWs and their coupling to the ionosphere. The numerical simulation work also utilizes the SAMI3 (Sami3 is Another Model of the Ionosphere) model to capture the fundamental physics of the ionosphere. The SAMI3 model is used to simulate a large region of the ionosphere for the self-consistent development of MSTIDs. Finally the simulated MSTIDs from both CAI-CM and SAMI3 model are compared with the observed MSTIDs.
Os Distúrbios ionosféricos propagantes de média escala (MSTIDs) são fenômenos altamente dinâmicos que cobrem todas as latitudes na ionosfera da região F e propagam uma longa distância, geralmente sob a forma de frentes de onda. Suas presenças em uma região ampla afetam a propagação de rádio e podem gerar a bolha de plasma equatorial, a qual por sua vez pode interromper o sistema de navegação GNSS. Acredita-se que a Onda de Gravidade Atmosférica (AGW) seja a causa destes MSTIDs durante o dia. No entanto, o mecanismo de geração destas AGWs ainda é uma questão de pesquisa. O objetivo desta tese é estudar a dinâmica das MSTIDs diurnas sobre o Brasil utilizando TEC após a remocão da tendência, com foco na compreensão de suas características de propagação. Além disso, esta tese também apresenta novos resultados sobre as características de mapeamento do conjugado geomagnético do MSTID diurno e os mecanismos responsáveis. Ambos instrumentos observacionais e teóricos são empregados para atingir esses objetivos. Os dados observacionais obtidos usando instrumentos como uma rede de receptores GNSS, digissonda, satélites de baixa órbita (COSMIC) e satélites meteorológicos (GOES) são analisados para identificar os mecanismos de geração das MSTIDs-AGW. São investigadas características interessantes associadas ao mecanismo de geração por AGWs convectivas amplamente persquisadas em literaturas passadas. Este mecanismo é ainda estudado teoricamente, adaptando um modelo Convectional-Atmosphere- Ionosphere-Coupled (CAI-CM) para incorporar a dinâmica de AGWs convectivamente geradas e seu acoplamento com a ionosfera. O trabalho de simulação numérica também utiliza o modelo SAMI3 (Sami3 é Outro Modelo da Ionosfera) para capturar a física fundamental da ionosfera. O modelo SAMI3 é usado para simular uma grande região da ionosfera para o desenvolvimento auto-consistente de MSTIDs. Finalmente, as MSTIDs simuladas do modelo CAI-CM e SAMI3 são comparadas com as MSTIDs observadas.

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López, Mendoza Patricio. "Tafonomía en la Costa Meridional del Norte Semiárido de Chile (IV Región). Alcances Culturales y Paleoecológicos hacia el Pleistoceno Final en la Comuna de los Vilos (31° Latitud S)." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106136.

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Liu, Chung-Cheng, and 劉仲政. "Low- and Middle- Latitude Ionosphere F-region using DE-2 Data." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73255834653106670478.

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碩士
國立中央大學
太空科學研究所
84
The Retarding Potential Analyzer (RPA) and Ion Drift Meter (IDM) onboard DE-2 satellite have provided the measurements of ion density and ion drift velocity at F-region ionosphere altitudes. Using the IDM data,we examine the average characteristics of the zonal and vertical plasma flows in the low-latitude region (< 50°MLAT) under the quiet geomagnetic conditions (Kp < 3). The data reveal that the zonal ion drifts are generally easrward at night, and westward at day in both hemispheres. The night time ion drift speeds are much larger than those of the day time. However, asymmetry in vertical drift patterns exist between the two hemispheres. Further,inspections on field-aligned components of the drift patterns,we found that the hemispheric asymmetry in vertical drift can be explained in terms of the interhemispheric transport. Analyses of the RPA ion density measurements are also carried out to study the latitudinal and local time variations of the ion density distribution. Of particular interesting observation is that the equatorial anomaly density structures are most obviously seen in the evening local time sector. The density peaks are located at ±(13 °- 21°) magnetic latitudes , consistent with the peaked density locations as indicated in the IRI density profiles. Finally, the advantage of using high resolution IDM on 35° inclination ROCSAT-1 satellite to study the low-latitude ionosphere dynamics will be discussed.

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Книги з теми "Low latitude region"

Zhang, Zhihua, Nabil Khélifi, Abdelkader Mezghani, and Essam Heggy, eds. Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01599-2.

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Symposium, COSPAR International Scientific. Low and equatorial latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI): Proceedings of the COSPAR International Scientific Symposium held in New Delhi, India, 9-13 January 1995 / edited by K. Rawer ... [et al.]. Oxford, Eng: Published for the Committee on Space Research [by] Pergamon, 1996.

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Yang, Kun. Observed Regional Climate Change in Tibet over the Last Decades. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.587.

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The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is subjected to strong interactions among the atmosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, and biosphere. The Plateau exerts huge thermal forcing on the mid-troposphere over the mid-latitude of the Northern Hemisphere during spring and summer. This region also contains the headwaters of major rivers in Asia and provides a large portion of the water resources used for economic activities in adjacent regions. Since the beginning of the 1980s, the TP has undergone evident climate changes, with overall surface air warming and moistening, solar dimming, and decrease in wind speed. Surface warming, which depends on elevation and its horizontal pattern (warming in most of the TP but cooling in the westernmost TP), was consistent with glacial changes. Accompanying the warming was air moistening, with a sudden increase in precipitable water in 1998. Both triggered more deep clouds, which resulted in solar dimming. Surface wind speed declined from the 1970s and started to recover in 2002, as a result of atmospheric circulation adjustment caused by the differential surface warming between Asian high latitudes and low latitudes.The climate changes over the TP have changed energy and water cycles and has thus reshaped the local environment. Thermal forcing over the TP has weakened. The warming and decrease in wind speed lowered the Bowen ratio and has led to less surface sensible heating. Atmospheric radiative cooling has been enhanced, mainly through outgoing longwave emission from the warming planetary system and slightly enhanced solar radiation reflection. The trend in both energy terms has contributed to the weakening of thermal forcing over the Plateau. The water cycle has been significantly altered by the climate changes. The monsoon-impacted region (i.e., the southern and eastern regions of the TP) has received less precipitation, more evaporation, less soil moisture and less runoff, which has resulted in the general shrinkage of lakes and pools in this region, although glacier melt has increased. The region dominated by westerlies (i.e., central, northern and western regions of the TP) received more precipitation, more evaporation, more soil moisture and more runoff, which together with more glacier melt resulted in the general expansion of lakes in this region. The overall wetting in the TP is due to both the warmer and moister conditions at the surface, which increased convective available potential energy and may eventually depend on decadal variability of atmospheric circulations such as Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation and an intensified Siberian High. The drying process in the southern region is perhaps related to the expansion of Hadley circulation. All these processes have not been well understood.

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Mitra, A. P., Kanti K. Mahajan, D. Bilitza, K. K. Mahajan, A. P. Mitra, and K. Rawer. Low and Equatorial Latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI). Elsevier Science Pub Co, 1996.

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Crichton, Michael. Pirate Latitudes Low Price CD. HarperAudio, 2010.

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Eileen, Denza. Diplomatic Law. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198703969.001.0001.

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Diplomatic Law was first published in 1976. The book places each provision of the Convention in its historical context; provides commentary on the application of the Convention by the UK, the US, and other States; and thoroughly examines topical problems in the field including the abuse of diplomatic immunity and terrorist violence. This updated edition also highlights important new trends in the application of the Convention regime. It explores the interaction between State and diplomatic immunity (as shown in the Pinochet case), examines methods of establishing and conducting diplomatic relations under conditions of physical danger, and looks at increased evidence of disregard for the rules of secrecy in diplomatic communications. The book also explores the greater latitude for diplomats to ‘interfere’ in the internal affairs of the receiving State in the interest of protecting human rights and evaluates the impact of adoption of the UN Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property.

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Zhang, Zhihua, Essam Heggy, Nabil Khélifi, and Abdelkader Mezghani. Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions: Proceedings of the 1st Springer Conference ... in Science, Technology & Innovation). Springer, 2019.

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Benestad, Rasmus. Climate in the Barents Region. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.655.

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The Barents Sea is a region of the Arctic Ocean named after one of its first known explorers (1594–1597), Willem Barentsz from the Netherlands, although there are accounts of earlier explorations: the Norwegian seafarer Ottar rounded the northern tip of Europe and explored the Barents and White Seas between 870 and 890 ce, a journey followed by a number of Norsemen; Pomors hunted seals and walruses in the region; and Novgorodian merchants engaged in the fur trade. These seafarers were probably the first to accumulate knowledge about the nature of sea ice in the Barents region; however, scientific expeditions and the exploration of the climate of the region had to wait until the invention and employment of scientific instruments such as the thermometer and barometer. Most of the early exploration involved mapping the land and the sea ice and making geographical observations. There were also many unsuccessful attempts to use the Northeast Passage to reach the Bering Strait. The first scientific expeditions involved F. P. Litke (1821±1824), P. K. Pakhtusov (1834±1835), A. K. Tsivol’ka (1837±1839), and Henrik Mohn (1876–1878), who recorded oceanographic, ice, and meteorological conditions.The scientific study of the Barents region and its climate has been spearheaded by a number of campaigns. There were four generations of the International Polar Year (IPY): 1882–1883, 1932–1933, 1957–1958, and 2007–2008. A British polar campaign was launched in July 1945 with Antarctic operations administered by the Colonial Office, renamed as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS); it included a scientific bureau by 1950. It was rebranded as the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) in 1962 (British Antarctic Survey History leaflet). While BAS had its initial emphasis on the Antarctic, it has also been involved in science projects in the Barents region. The most dedicated mission to the Arctic and the Barents region has been the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), which has commissioned a series of reports on the Arctic climate: the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) report, the Snow Water Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic (SWIPA) report, and the Adaptive Actions in a Changing Arctic (AACA) report.The climate of the Barents Sea is strongly influenced by the warm waters from the Norwegian current bringing heat from the subtropical North Atlantic. The region is 10°C–15°C warmer than the average temperature on the same latitude, and a large part of the Barents Sea is open water even in winter. It is roughly bounded by the Svalbard archipelago, northern Fennoscandia, the Kanin Peninsula, Kolguyev Island, Novaya Zemlya, and Franz Josef Land, and is a shallow ocean basin which constrains physical processes such as currents and convection. To the west, the Greenland Sea forms a buffer region with some of the strongest temperature gradients on earth between Iceland and Greenland. The combination of a strong temperature gradient and westerlies influences air pressure, wind patterns, and storm tracks. The strong temperature contrast between sea ice and open water in the northern part sets the stage for polar lows, as well as heat and moisture exchange between ocean and atmosphere. Glaciers on the Arctic islands generate icebergs, which may drift in the Barents Sea subject to wind and ocean currents.The land encircling the Barents Sea includes regions with permafrost and tundra. Precipitation comes mainly from synoptic storms and weather fronts; it falls as snow in the winter and rain in the summer. The land area is snow-covered in winter, and rivers in the region drain the rainwater and meltwater into the Barents Sea. Pronounced natural variations in the seasonal weather statistics can be linked to variations in the polar jet stream and Rossby waves, which result in a clustering of storm activity, blocking high-pressure systems. The Barents region is subject to rapid climate change due to a “polar amplification,” and observations from Svalbard suggest that the past warming trend ranks among the strongest recorded on earth. The regional change is reinforced by a number of feedback effects, such as receding sea-ice cover and influx of mild moist air from the south.

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Maglioni, Carolina. Expertos, actores locales estatales y hogares titulares. Teseo, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55778/ts878809861.

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<p>Este libro nos aproxima a una parte de la historia reciente de los programas sociales de transferencia monetaria, es decir, aquellas políticas sociales centradas en entregas de dinero en efectivo dirigidas a los hogares de los sectores más vulnerables que han modificado hacia los albores del siglo XXI la agenda de protección y provisión de bienestar.</p><p>La propuesta aquí presente implica, por un lado, una reconstrucción histórica y contextualizada de diferentes intervenciones monetarias de nuestra región y otras latitudes. Por otro lado, el objetivo es avanzar en la construcción de un enfoque relacional sobre los programas de transferencia monetaria: una perspectiva que nos permita visibilizar cómo estas entregas de dinero impartidas por el Estado se han convertido en iniciativas monetarias con múltiples formas y funciones, capaces de conectar actores sociales y saberes plurales en las nuevas formas de provisión de bienestar.</p>

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Fábregas Puig, Andrés, Dolores Camacho Velázquez, Arturo Lomelí González, María del Rosario Hernández Ramírez, Celia Ruiz de Oña Plaz, Amanda Ursula Torres Freyermuth, José Enrique Sánchez Lima, and Antonio Castellanos Navarrete. ¿Fronteras marginales? Vida cotidiana y problemáticas actuales en la franja fronteriza Chiapas-Guatemala. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Centro de Investigaciones Multidisciplinarias sobre Chiapas y la Frontera Sur, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cimsur.9786073050920p.2021.

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A lo largo de los trabajos expuestos en este libro se aprecia la diversidad de maneras en que se pueden observar y desentrañar las relaciones fronterizas en los límites de dos Estados nacionales. Como los autores señalan, todo depende de qué se quiere ver y señalar. El libro es el resultado final de un proyecto de investigación colectivo y multidisciplinario; los trabajos están integrados por el eje conductor de la vida cotidiana en la franja fronteriza Chiapas-Guatemala y cómo se percibe la idea de esta entre sus habitantes. Tales preocupaciones tratan de ser expuestas y analizadas en cada uno de los capítulos. La frontera sur ha sido tema de investigaciones desde las ciencias sociales, pero en los últimos años el interés por el territorio fronterizo se ha incrementado y esto se debe a la importancia geopolítica que ha cobrado. Esta frontera es la entrada hacia Centroamérica, región de indudable interés económico y político de las potencias internacionales. También es la puerta de una cada vez mayor cantidad de personas centroamericanas y de otras latitudes que intentan llegar hacia los Estados Unidos. Un dato que abona interés al tema es que hasta hace dos siglos Chiapas era parte de Guatemala. Esta situación tiene diversas formas de funcionar a lo largo del territorio fronterizo. Hay espacios en los que prácticamente no es perceptible dónde termina un país y dónde empieza el otro y hay tramos en lo que está claramente marcada la división por la presencia del Estado nacional a través de sus instituciones. Los trabajos contenidos en este libro desde las diversas temáticas abordadas proporcionan una imagen de la vida en la frontera en un momento específico en que fue recorrida, pero también interpretan las significaciones que tiene la frontera para las múltiples relaciones sociales y comerciales que se desarrollan en estos territorios, es decir, la complejidad fronteriza.

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Частини книг з теми "Low latitude region"

Watanabe, Shigeto, and Tsutomu Kondo. "Ionosphere–Thermosphere Coupling in the Low-Latitude Region." In Aeronomy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Ionosphere, 375–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_28.

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Bromage, B. J. J., D. Alexander, A. Breen, J. R. Clegg, G. Del Zanna, C. Deforest, D. Dobrzycka, N. Gopalswamy, B. Thompson, and P. K. Browning. "Structure of a Large Low-Latitude Coronal Hole." In Physics of the Solar Corona and Transition Region, 181–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0860-0_12.

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Maute, Astrid, and Arthur D. Richmond. "F $F$ -Region Dynamo Simulations at Low and Mid-Latitude." In Earth's Magnetic Field, 479–501. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-1225-3_16.

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Kavitha, D., P. Naveen Kumar, and K. Praveena. "Comparison of VTEC Due to IRI-2016 Model and IRNSS over Low Latitude Region." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems, 320–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24318-0_39.

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Dawelbeit, Ahmed, Etienne Jaillard, and Ali Eisawi. "Paleoclimate Evolution of the Kordofan Region (Sudan), During the Last 13 ka." In Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions, 25–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01599-2_6.

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Ahmad, Sheikh Saeed, Javeria Saleem, and Marria Ghalib. "Appraising Climate Change and Its Influence on Glaciers of South Asian Himalayan Region." In Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions, 163–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01599-2_38.

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Lei, Jing, and Wenqi Wu. "Simulation and Algorithm Verification for Polar Region Inertial Navigation Based on Low Latitude Test Sailing." In Theory, Methodology, Tools and Applications for Modeling and Simulation of Complex Systems, 516–23. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2672-0_53.

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Taibi, Sabrina, Imane Messelmi, Mohamed Meddi, and Mohamed Amine Feddal. "Recent Rainfall Variability in the South-West Mediterranean Region and Links with Teleconnection Patterns." In Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions, 111–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01599-2_26.

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Jalali, Bassem, and Marie-Alexandrine Sicre. "The 4.2 ka Event in the Euro-Mediterranean Region—A Study from the MISTRALS/PALEOMEX Program." In Patterns and Mechanisms of Climate, Paleoclimate and Paleoenvironmental Changes from Low-Latitude Regions, 13–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01599-2_3.

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Harris, Stuart A. "The Qinghai–Tibetan Railroad: Innovative Construction on Warm Permafrost in a Low-Latitude, High-Elevation Region." In Engineering Earth, 747–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9920-4_43.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Low latitude region"

Jagiwala, Darshna D., Shweta N. Shah, and Mehul V. Desai. "Case study: NavIC Performance Observation on Low Latitude Region." In 2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icort52730.2021.9581415.

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Tongkasem, Napat, Lin M. M. Myint, and Pornchai Supnithi. "Precise total electron content map monitoring in low latitude region." In 2022 37th International Technical Conference on Circuits/Systems, Computers and Communications (ITC-CSCC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itc-cscc55581.2022.9895007.

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Jiang, Ping, Haixia Li, Chuiwei Lu, Hua Cheng, and Jiejie Chen. "Meshing Scheme Research of Our National Mid-low Latitude region." In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8866255.

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Zhang, DH, YQ Hao, and Z. Xiao. "The temporal dependence of GPS cycle slip in low-latitude region." In 2015 1st URSI Atlantic Radio Science Conference (URSI AT-RASC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursi-at-rasc.2015.7303129.

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Dey, Abhijit, and Nirvikar Dashora. "Low latitude ionospheric effects: GNSS positioning at ionospheric anomaly peak region." In 2015 International Conference on Computers, Communications, and Systems (ICCCS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccoms.2015.7562882.

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"LEO satellite communications system for the countries in the low-latitude region." In 15th International Communicatons Satellite Systems Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-973.

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Sunda, Surendra, B. M. Vyas, P. V. Khekale, K. S. Parikh, S. V. Satish, C. R. Sudhir, A. S. Ganeshan, and V. Gera. "Statistically characterizing the L-band scintillation over Indian equatorial and low latitude region." In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929754.

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Hein, Win Zaw, Yoshitaka Goto, Su Su Yi Mon, and Khin Sandar Linn. "Measurement of Ionospheric TEC Variation Over Low Latitude Region Using Single Frequency GNSS Receiver." In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursiap-rasc.2019.8738517.

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Kumar, P. Naveen, K. C. T. Swamy, A. Swetha, and A. D. Sarma. "VTEC estimation with Taylor Series Expansion model using GPS data for low latitude region." In 2012 Annual IEEE India Conference (INDICON). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/indcon.2012.6420650.

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Le Minh Tan. "Observation of tweek atmospherics in Vietnamese low latitude region using a simple VLF receiver." In 2013 International Conference on Space Science and Communication (IconSpace). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconspace.2013.6599468.

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