Готові списки джерел за темами / Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications":

1

Devi R., Auxeelia Packia, and Basavaraj N. Naregal. "Wernicke’s encephalopathy in pregnancy." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 4 (March 25, 2022): 1286. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20220920.

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Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a reversible neurological emergency which is a rare but known complication of hyperemesis gravidarum due to thiamine deficiency. Prolonged vomiting in pregnancy results in thiamine depletion. Most frequently Wernicke's encephalopathy is found among persons suffering from excessive drinking. Unusually it can also be seen in women presenting with hyperemesis gravidarum with pre-existing malnutrition, as avitaminosis can result from the acute malnutrition associated with prolonged pregnancy-related hyperemesis. The early recognition of its clinical signs and symptoms is essential to establish the suspected diagnosis and can be confirmed by MRI. Most patients present with the triad of ocular signs, ataxia, and confusion. It can be associated with life-threatening complication like central pontine myelinolysis. Here we stress upon the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment of WE. The aim of this report is to present cases of Wernicke's encephalopathy induced by hyperemesis gravidarum except one case which was acute in onset. The course of the disease, clinical signs, diagnostic tools, treatment and its results are presented.
2

Dolgova, Yu S., D. R. Eremeeva, and M. S. Zainulina. "Risks of reproductive loss and placenta-mediated pregnancy complications in women with antiphospholipid antibodies." Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction 14, no. 6 (January 11, 2021): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.17749/2313-7347/ob.gyn.rep.2020.181.

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Introduction. Antiphospholipid syndrome (AРS) is a multisystem disease characterized by elevated levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (AРA), arterial and/or venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, and habitual miscarriage. Various AРA types have multifactorial and indirect effects on pregnancy course from the earliest stages, leading to termination of pregnancy and putting the prerequisites for further obstetric complications. Aim: determine rate and relative risk of pregnancy complications in AРA carriers. Materials and Methods. The retrospective study, conducted between 2017 and 2019, included 268 pregnant women. All women underwent a comprehensive study consisting of clinical examination and laboratory methods. AРA of IgM and IgG classes were measured by using ELISA, lupus anticoagulant (LA) was estimated by using a coagulometer. Results. APA were detected in 213 (79.48 %) women examined; 55 (20.52 %) patients (n = 55) lacked APA. Failed in vitro fertilization attempts were 2 times more common in women with AРA (10.33 vs. 5.45 %, respectively; p < 0.001). Also, significant differences were found in this group in antenatal fetal death (4.23 vs. 1.82 %, respectively; p < 0.001) and chronic placental insufficiency without fetal malnutrition (23.47 vs. 18.18 %, respectively; p < 0.05). Of 165 women with early pregnancy loss syndrome, AРA were found in 130 (78.79 %), late pregnancy loss – in 29 (76.32 %) and antenatal fetal death – in 9 (90.0 %) women carrying serum AРA. The relative risks of unfavorable pregnancy outcomes have been identified for various AРA subtypes. Conclusion. Identifying clear-cut relative risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes for various subtypes of antiphospholipid antibodies will allow to determine risk groups and develop a special treatment algorithm for preventing pregnancy complications and perinatal losses.
3

Hechtman, Lily. "Teenage Mothers and Their Children: Risks and Problems: A Review." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 6 (August 1989): 569–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400615.

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Adolescent mothers and their offspring are a high risk group broth physically and emotionally. Poverty, malnutrition, complications of pregnancy, emotional problems such as depression, drug and alcohol use, are all risks for the mother. Children are also at greater risk for physical, cognitive and emotional problems. It is therefore important to identify factors which influence outcome on adolescent mothers and their children in order to suggest interventions which will more positively affect the physical and psychological health of this increasing population.
4

Mikhaylin, Yevgeniy Sergeyevich, Lada Anatolyevna Ivanova, and Aleksey Gennadyevich Savitskiy. "Comparative characteristic of pregnancy and delivery in adolescents and women of average reproductive age." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 63, no. 4 (September 15, 2014): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd63447-53.

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The article provides a comparative characteristic the main clinical parameters of pregnancy and delivery in adolescents and women of average reproductive age. The results of this study generally confirm the literature data on the greater frequency of complications of pregnancy and childbirth in juvenile women than in women of average reproductive age. Thus, significantly more frequently in pregnant adolescents dated anemia, preeclampsia, fetal malnutrition, during delivery more frequently dated premature rupture of membranes, perineotomy and newborn injury. At the same time, significant differences in the incidence of weakness of labor activity, hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia and maternal injury was not observed according to our data, which is not consistent with the known literature data.
5

Zhabchenko, I. A., and O. R. Sudmak. "Peculiarities of pregnancy and delivery course in women after the application of assisted reproductive technologies against obesity (Based on the retrospective analysis)." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 6(132) (July 30, 2018): 122–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2018.132.122.

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The objective: to study the structure and frequency of complications of pregnancy, deliveries and perinatal outcomes in three groups of women: women with infertility and obesity, treated by application of in vitro fertilization (hereinafter IVF), pregnant women after IVF application with normal body weight, and pregnant women on the background of obesity which did not have an infertility in past history. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 221 case histories of pregnancies and labors in women who were treated and gave birth in the Pregnancy and delivery pathology Department of SI «Institute of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology named after Acad. O. M. Lukyanova of NAMS of Ukraine» for 2012 – 2016 years was carried out. Results. The overwhelming majority of pregnant women after IVF on the background of obesity are primaparas, who have a complicated obstetric history, hormonal changes in the form of progesterone deficiency predominantly and chronic inflammatory processes. Pregnancy with a combination of infertility, treated by the means of IVF application, and obesity, in most cases is accompanied by a long-term threat of termination of pregnancy (48.8%), threatening preterm deliveries (56%), placental dysfunction (41.5%), premature rupture of the amniotic membranes (41.5%), other problems during pregnancy, at the same time, every second woman (58.5%) had a combination of several complications, and required a long-term and repeated inpatient treatment (53.7%). The specific gravity of surgical delivery was 90%, and 16.2% of such deliveries were complicated by pathological blood loss. The number of preterm deliveries was 17.1%, with perinatal losses up to 11.3‰. Among full-term newborns 21.3% of newborns had malnutrition of the I degree and 17% of them had hypoxic-ischemic lesion of CNS. Conclusion. The course of pregnancy, delivery and the postpartum period in the studied contingent of women has a significant frequency of complications, mainly the coinciding ones, which affects on the consequences of perinatal outcomes and requires further study of this problem and the development of differentiated algorithms for antenatal observation. Key words: pregnancy, obesity, in vitro fertilization, complications, delivery, newborn.
6

Brohi, Sumera, Shazia Ahmed Jatoi, Saeed U. Nisa Sangi, Shaista Tabasum Abro, Rukhsana Shaikh, and Ayesha Jalbani. "Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy & Its Outcome at Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 1461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651461.

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Background: Teenage adolescent pregnancy is an important community health issue globally. Research shows that mothers in teenage period are at a higher risk of maternal death and complications related with pregnancy in comparison to the mothers who are adult. Therefore, this research was directed to examine the sociodemographic profile and fetal and maternal outcomes related with teenage pregnancy and their comparison with mothers of 20-30 years of age. Study Design: A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sheikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana for one-year duration from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: A total of 60 teenage mothers ≤19 and 60 mothers who were 20-30 years of age respectively, were nominated as controls and cases. Data on the obstetric complications, fetal outcomes and sociodemographic profile were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested, pre-designed, partially structured questionnaire. The statistics were analyzed by entering data in the excel sheet of Microsoft. Results: In this study, 18.1 years was the mean age in teenage pregnant females and 24.3 years in the control group. 17.8 years was the mean age at which teenage mothers were married and for adults it was 20.1 years. 66.7% of teenage mothers and 61.7% of the control group are of high-low socioeconomic status. 80% of teenage pregnant females and 75% of control group were from rural areas. The mainstream of teenage mothers (70%) and control mothers (58.3%) are housewives by profession. The consanguineous marriages were observed in 33.3% of adolescent pregnant females and 41.7% in the control group. In this study, 38.3% and 46.7% of the mothers in adolescent and control group respectively had ante-natal checks during their pregnancy. Stillbirth / miscarriage were reported in 13.3% of adolescent mothers and 25% in the control group. 63.3% of teenage mothers had mild anemia and 53.3% in controls. The incidence of malnutrition (40% vs 15%, p <0.05), PPH (25% vs 6.7%, p <0.05), PROM (20% vs 3.3%, p <0.05) was significant in teenage mothers in comparison to mothers who were adults. The incidence of PIH was lower significantly in mothers during adolescence in comparison to adult mothers (13.3% vs. 31.7%, p <0.05). Conclusions: Complications such as PROM, maternal malnutrition, premature delivery, PPH and low birth weight occurred more frequently in adolescent mothers than in mothers who were adults. The adult mother’s higher proportion of PIH than in teenage mothers. Keywords: Adult pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, sociodemographic factors, adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
7

Brohi, Sumera, Shazia Ahmed Jatoi, Saeed U. Nisa Sangi, Shaista Tabasum Abro, Rukhsana Shaikh, and Ayesha Jalbani. "Prevalence of Teenage Pregnancy & Its Outcome at Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 1461–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs221651461.

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Background: Teenage adolescent pregnancy is an important community health issue globally. Research shows that mothers in teenage period are at a higher risk of maternal death and complications related with pregnancy in comparison to the mothers who are adult. Therefore, this research was directed to examine the sociodemographic profile and fetal and maternal outcomes related with teenage pregnancy and their comparison with mothers of 20-30 years of age. Study Design: A comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: In the obstetrics and Gynecology department of Sheikh Zaid Women Hospital Larkana for one-year duration from March 2021 to February 2022. Methods: A total of 60 teenage mothers ≤19 and 60 mothers who were 20-30 years of age respectively, were nominated as controls and cases. Data on the obstetric complications, fetal outcomes and sociodemographic profile were collected through face-to-face interviews using a pre-tested, pre-designed, partially structured questionnaire. The statistics were analyzed by entering data in the excel sheet of Microsoft. Results: In this study, 18.1 years was the mean age in teenage pregnant females and 24.3 years in the control group. 17.8 years was the mean age at which teenage mothers were married and for adults it was 20.1 years. 66.7% of teenage mothers and 61.7% of the control group are of high-low socioeconomic status. 80% of teenage pregnant females and 75% of control group were from rural areas. The mainstream of teenage mothers (70%) and control mothers (58.3%) are housewives by profession. The consanguineous marriages were observed in 33.3% of adolescent pregnant females and 41.7% in the control group. In this study, 38.3% and 46.7% of the mothers in adolescent and control group respectively had ante-natal checks during their pregnancy. Stillbirth / miscarriage were reported in 13.3% of adolescent mothers and 25% in the control group. 63.3% of teenage mothers had mild anemia and 53.3% in controls. The incidence of malnutrition (40% vs 15%, p <0.05), PPH (25% vs 6.7%, p <0.05), PROM (20% vs 3.3%, p <0.05) was significant in teenage mothers in comparison to mothers who were adults. The incidence of PIH was lower significantly in mothers during adolescence in comparison to adult mothers (13.3% vs. 31.7%, p <0.05). Conclusions: Complications such as PROM, maternal malnutrition, premature delivery, PPH and low birth weight occurred more frequently in adolescent mothers than in mothers who were adults. The adult mother’s higher proportion of PIH than in teenage mothers. Keywords: Adult pregnancy, teenage pregnancy, sociodemographic factors, adverse fetal and maternal outcomes.
8

Martono, Ireneus Vanessa, M. Besari Adi Pramono, Herman Kristanto, and Albertus Ari Adrianto. "BREAST CANCER IN PREGNANCY AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL: A SERIAL CASE." DIPONEGORO MEDICAL JOURNAL (JURNAL KEDOKTERAN DIPONEGORO) 10, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 84–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dmj.v10i2.29172.

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Background Each year 2.1 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, being the most common type of cancer found and cancer-related cause of death in women worldwide. In Indonesia, especially in Middle Java, more than 80% women diagnosed were already in the late stage. Physiological changes in pregnancy contributes to the delay in diagnosis in pregnant women and pregnancy also resulted in a more complicated approach of therapy. Regarding only few studies were done involving pregnancy with breast cancer, the aim of the study is to provide further knowledge associated with it.Methods Medical records of pregnant women with breast cancer in year 2014-2018 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital were studied.Results Based on the 3 cases be studied, patients were referred from class B and C hospitals outside of Semarang city showing stage III (33.33%) and IV (66.67%) breast cancers. Two-third of the patients underwent mastectomy previously and one of them also underwent chemotherapy program prior her pregnancy. Comorbidities varied between patients and therapies were adjusted individually and multidisciplinary. Two of the cases went through transperitoneal caesarean section for delivery and one patient with twin pregnancy died by complications and intrauterine foetal death was also determined.Conclusion Overall, all patients were > 35 years old and the breast cancers were diagnosed at late stage. Complications by comorbidities such as anaemia, severe malnutrition, and infection, were found. Two pregnancies which were already in third trimester was terminated and a case of maternal mortality was found.Keywords Breast cancer, pregnancy
9

Jawzali, Jwan Ibrahim, Sahar Ismail Abdullah, and Nahidah Hassan Abdullah. "Nutritional status among pregnant adolescents at maternity teaching hospital." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 6, no. 14 (December 31, 2022): 186–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.6.14.186-197.

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Background: Adolescent pregnancy increases nutritional requirements and the risk of pregnancy complications. There are few studies about anthropometric measurements as predictors of the nutritional status of pregnancy. Objective: The study consisted of an assessment of nutritional status by studying the association of anthropometric index and biochemical tests with adolescent pregnancy outcomes. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study included 116 convenient samples of pregnant adolescents. An interview questionnaire was used for collecting the following data: socio-demographic, body mass index (BMI), height, mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), hemoglobin levels, and proteinuria. Pregnancy complications included; anemia, urinary tract infection, mode of delivery, preterm birth, and low birth weight. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's R test chi-square, and logistic regression were all used in statistical analysis. Results: The majority of study subjects were of late age of adolescence (≥ 17 years), housewives with primary education, and had normal obstetric history. Multigravida was only in late age of adolescence. Most 46.9% were overweight. Primigravida decrease in overweight subjects (odds ratio [OR] 0.2*; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.03-0.88). The highest percentage had normal stature, 12.1% had short stature, 46.6 % had MUAC ˃28cm, and 3.4 % had undernutrition. Short stature increased at age 17 years and the risk of multipara increased in short stature (OR 4.2*; 95% CI 1.2-14.4). The majority had normal pregnancy outcomes. Anemia risk decreased in the normal height group (OR=0.08*: 95% CI 0.01-0.73), and in MUAC ≥ 28 cm (OR 0.77*; 95% CI 0.64-0,93). The risk of low birth weight increased not significantly in late age, among MUAC 24-28 cm, and significantly in anemia (OR=2.5*, 95% 1.1-5.5). Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of the adolescents with primigravid/para status had normal nutritional status and pregnancy outcomes, as a result of growth in height, MUAC, and weight gain. malnutrition among overweight older adolescents with multigravida status affects growth, causes shorter stature, and anemia consequently increases the risk of low birth weight, preterm birth, and cesarian section. Because its effects manifest as teenage age increases in multigravida, this study supports the prevention of adolescent pregnancy. MUAC can be used to assess adolescent pregnancy complications.
10

Kaminskyi, V. V., O. I. Zhdanovich, T. V. Kolomiychenko, and A. D. Derkach. "Pregnancy after influenza in the first trimester." HEALTH OF WOMAN, no. 7(153) (September 29, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15574/hw.2020.153.14.

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The endpoint of the negative impact of adverse processes in the mother’s body with influenza is the formation of placental insufficiency, the basis of which is a violation of the uteroplacental blood flow. The objective: to study the features of the course of pregnancy, the state of the fetus and the newborn after the influenza in the first trimester of pregnancy. Materials and methods. 120 women who had the influenza in the first trimester of pregnancy were examined. In 68 (56.7%) pregnant women signs of feto-placental dysfunction were observed, 2 groups were distinguished: the main group - 68 patients with feto-placental dysfunction, the comparison group – 52 pregnant women without signs of feto-placental insufficiency. Results. 3 times more often than women without manifestations of placental insufficiency (42.6% versus 15.4%; p<0.05) a severe course of influenza was observed, it accompanied by a high frequency of clinical manifestations, including in almost all patients (95.6% versus 67.3%; p<0.05), body temperature rose to 38 °C and higher, and in 61.7% of women it stayed for 4–6 days (versus 11.5%; p<0.05). Among the complications of influenza: bronchitis (25.0% versus 9.3%; p<0.05), pneumonia (17.6% versus 5.7%; p<0.05), sinusitis (17.6% versus 7.7%; p<0.05). The threat of abortion was noted in 57.4% of cases, the threat of preterm birth was observed in 39.7% of women. Most often, placental dysfunction was associated with fetal distress (76.5% versus 13.5%; p<0.05) and growth retardation (54.4% versus 3.8%; p<0.05). 32.4% versus 13.5% of women had preeclampsia (p<0.05). The frequency of both polyhydramnios (17.6%) and low water (10.3%) is significantly higher. By cesarean section, 35.3% women were delivered (versus 15.4%, (p<0.05). Delivery was preterm in 17.6% of women versus 7.7% (p<0.05). Premature discharge of amniotic fluid (17.6%) and pathological blood loss during childbirth (16.2%), fetal distress during childbirth (48.5% versus 9.6%; p<0.05) were noted. Maternal placental dysfunction, fetal distress, prematurity (17.6%) and malnutrition (22.1%) led to a high incidence of birth asphyxia (46.5% versus 19.2%, p <0.05). Half (51.5%) of children had disadaptation syndromes, most often neurological disorders (32.4% versus 11.5%; p<0.05) and respiratory disorders (27.9% versus 7.7%; p<0.05). Conclusion. Influenza in early pregnancy with a severe course and a high frequency of complications is associated with a high frequency of feto-placental dysfunction and other obstetric and perinatal complications, which requires a more detailed study to determine risk factors and develop tactics for managing this category of pregnant women. Keywords: pregnancy, influenza, feto-placental dysfunction, obstetric and perinatal complications, newborn.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications":

1

Edwards, Lisa J. "Maternal undernutrition and fetal blood pressure and the hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the late gestation fetal sheep." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe2654.pdf.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 228-257). Aims to determine the impact of maternal undernutrition during late gestation and during the periconceptional and gestational periods on fetal growth, fetal blood pressure and the fetal hypothalamo-pituitary adrenal axis in the sheep.
2

Benton, Samantha Jayne. "Angiogenic factors in placentally-mediated pregnancy complications." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50014.

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Placentally-mediated pregnancy complications include pre-eclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), placental abruption and some causes of stillbirth. These complications are believed to arise from abnormal placental development in early gestation that leads to compromised placental function in later pregnancy which can adversely affect both mother and fetus. It is a priority in obstetrics to identify these pregnancies early and accurately so that appropriate monitoring and intervention can optimise outcomes for these mothers and babies. Novel biomarkers such as angiogenic factors in the maternal circulation may improve the prediction and/or diagnosis of these complications by adding to the information gained from tools already used in clinical practice. In this thesis, I investigated angiogenic factors in 1) the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia using new clinical immunoassays, 2) the prediction of placentally-mediated complications in a high-risk pregnancy cohort and 3) the diagnosis of placental IUGR in pregnancies with small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses. Additionally, I investigated the association between levels of circulating angiogenic factors and the presence of histopathological lesions of dysfunction in the placenta after delivery. I found that angiogenic factors, particularly low circulating placental growth factor (PlGF), had high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of pre-eclampsia but all markers had poor performance as predictive markers for placentally-mediated complications. In pregnancies with SGA fetuses, low maternal PlGF discriminated between fetuses with placental IUGR (defined by the presence of histological lesions of placental dysfunction) from constitutionally small fetuses (no pathological lesions present) with high sensitivity and high negative predictive value. Additionally, low maternal PlGF in the second trimester was associated with the presence of lesions of placental dysfunction in pregnancies at high-risk for placentally-mediated complications. Low maternal PlGF was also associated with lesions of placental dysfunction as well as altered placental morphology in pregnancies with SGA fetuses. Taken together, these findings suggest that PlGF may be an antenatal marker of placental dysfunction and may provide a novel clinical tool to identify pregnancies with placental dysfunction. This work improves our understanding of angiogenic factors in placentally-mediated complications and contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting their integration in clinical practice.
Medicine, Faculty of
Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Department of
Graduate
3

ElMoursi, Mohamed Saad Elsayed. "Quantification of placental dysfunction in pregnancy complications." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17262/.

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Background The pathogenetic mechanisms behind placental dysfunction-related complications like preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction have remained perplexing till now, in part because of lack of well-defined structural and functional molecular characterisation. There is growing evidence that links trophoblast debris and the existence of syncytial nuclear aggregates (SNA) to the pathogenesis of gestational diseases. Characterisation and quantification of structural and functional parameters of placental dysfunction may give researchers a clearer picture of the mechanisms underlying the development of high risk pregnancy. Methods Placental samples were obtained from normal term pregnancies, preterm controls, as well as from pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia (PET), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and PET-IUGR. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections were visualised with H&E, stained using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and digitally scanned. Using stereological methodology, volumes of placental SNAs, trophoblasts, villi and capillaries were measured. Three dimensional (3D) volume reconstructions of terminal placental villi with SNAs and fibrinoid degenerations were created. IHC-labelled slides were analysed by image analysis algorithms. Differential expression of placental genes and miRNAs, hypothesised to regulate cell death in placental dysfunction, were quantified using RT-qPCR. BeWo cell lines were carried out for in vitro validation of the effects miRNAs regulating programmed cell death (PCD) using flow cytometry and western blotting. Results Specific morphometric patterns of villous, trophoblasts, SNA and capillary volumes were demonstrated with characteristic higher SNAs and lower capillary volumes in PET placentae with reciprocal patterns in IUGR placentae showing a negative correlation pattern between nuclear aggregates and capillary volumes. Image analysis of immune-labelled slides showed a higher autophagy marker expression in PET and a positive correlation to SNAs as well as a balanced reciprocal expression patterns with apoptosis. Moreover, miR-204 transfected BeWo cells showed a similar balanced reciprocal regulation of autophagy and apoptosis expressions. Conclusion We have demonstrated that applying stereology-based and image analysis on digitised placental sections can be useful in quantifying and dissecting structural and functional patterns in normal and abnormal placental function. 3D reconstruction model are a novel approach towards placental characterisation in normal and complicated pregnancies. The study also showed that miR-204 plays a vital role in the regulation of placental autophagy and apoptosis, critical in the pathophysiology of placental dysfunction.
4

Rodie, Vanessa Angela. "Metabolic complications of pregnancy and cardiovascular disease risk." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421118.

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5

Demetriou, Charalambos. "Investigating genetic factors associated with complications of pregnancy." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/30728.

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This PhD project sets out to investigate the role of genetic factors associated with fetal growth restriction and recurrent miscarriage (RM), two of the most common complications of pregnancy. This work studied large cohorts of patients collected from specialist clinics in West London with the aim of better understanding their underlying molecular aetiology. The first part of this project focused on the paternally expressed, maternally imprinted gene, IGF2, which is a key growth hormone critical for in utero growth in mice. Its role in human fetal growth has remained ambiguous, as it has only been studied in term tissues. mRNA expression levels of IGF2 and other genes were investigated in 260 chorionic villus samples collected at 11-13 weeks' gestation. Transcript levels of IGF2 revealed a significant positive correlation with birth weight (P=0.009). Critically, small for gestational age neonates had significantly lower IGF2 levels than appropriate for gestational age neonates (P=3.6x10-7). Next a study was undertaken to investigate a potential role for disturbed imprinting in products of conception (POC). This work first involved a detailed analysis of the POC DNA to establish levels of maternal cell contamination. POCs could then be more accurately evaluated to investigate the status of known imprinted genes. Interestingly, in a number of POCs, known maternally expressed genes were found to be paternally expressed and vice versa. This suggested that some miscarriages might be associated with or even caused by abnormal imprinting. Two approaches were then used to study genetic factors associated with RM. The first involved a genetic association study with a placental anti-coagulant protein Annexin A5 that contains four nucleotide substitutions (M2 haplotype) in its promoter. Patient and control haplotypes were determined and compared in 500 White European pairs that had RMs and 250 control trios. Carriers of the M2 haplotype were found to exhibit higher RM risk than non-carriers, which was in agreement with previous studies. However, this is only true for the patients who suffered with early miscarriages. The second study involved analysis of a single family where the patient had experienced a total of 29 miscarriages but had no successful pregnancies. Next-generation exome sequencing was carried on family members to search for a potential rare genetic variant gene causative of the RM phenotype. Two candidate genes with potentially damaging mutations were investigated in more depth by sequencing them in cohorts of Asian RM patients (n=100) and White European RM patients (n=120). In one of the genes, three novel variants and one very rare SNP, which were all predicted to be damaging by different prediction programs, were identified in a total of four Asian patients. Future studies to further investigate these potential mutations, involves functional analysis of each variant such as site-directed mutagenesis and protein-protein interactions.
6

Björklund, Anders. "Hypoglycaemia in pregnancy : hypoglycaemic clamp studies during and after pregnancy in women with IDDM /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/search/diss.se.cfm?19980605bjor.

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7

Wilkerson, Diana Sue. "Perinatal complications as predictors of infantile autism." Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/833467.

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This study investigated the impact of perinatal complications on the developing child and the relationship of those complications to the development of autism in an individual. The biological mothers of autistic children (N = 183) completed the Maternal Perinatal Scale, a maternal selfreport which surveys complications of pregnancy and medical conditions of the mother. Archival data on normals (N = 209), obtained during previous perinatal investigations, was utilized as a control group.Previous research in this area has been limited, with no definitive conclusions. All previous investigators have declined to state that events identified in previous research were definitely related to the development of autism.An overall multivariate test was performed to determine if significant differences existed between the autistic and normal subjects. Following this exploration of the data, previously identified complications were entered into a stepwise discriminant analysis in the order of theirtheoretical importance to determine the extent of their contribution to autism. Following this analysis, medical conditions of the mothers (items 27-47 as included on the MPS) were entered into the stepwise analysis to determine their contribution, if any, to autism in the sample.The results of this analysis revealed that the two groups differed significantly on three of the ten factors of the MPS. The overall multivariate test was highly significant and revealed that the groups differed on Factor 2 (Gestational Age), Factor 4 (Maternal Morphology), and Factor 8 (Intrauterine Stress). Moreover, five of the six previously identified items were found to be significant. These were: prescriptions raken during pregnancy, length of labor, viral infection,, abnormal presentation at delivery, and low birthweight. Three of the maternal medical conditions examined were also highly significant and contributed to separation between groups. These were: urinary infection, high temperatures, and depression. These were items which have not been identified in previous investigations.Based on discriminant analysis of the 10 factors of the MPS, 65% of the cases were correctly grouped. The MPS would be a useful clinical tool in identification of those children who are at risk for development of autism.
Department of Educational Psychology
8

Cheung, Tung-fai. "Maternal malnutrition : effects on growth and development of rat pups /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1971256X.

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9

Nevin, James. "Pregnancy-associated cervical cancer." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26272.

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10

Walker, Kate Frances. "Late pregnancy complications in women of advanced maternal age." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.718852.

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The age of childbearing is rising in women living in industrialised nations. Advanced maternal age is associated with a small increased risk of term antepartum stillbirth. Labour induction would likely reduce stillbirth, but might also increase Caesarean delivery, already high for older women. The aim of this thesis was to design and conduct a randomised controlled trial of induction of labour at 39 weeks versus expectant management for nulliparous women aged over 35 years. In total 619 women participated and the trial showed that induction of labour has no adverse short-term effects on maternal or neonatal outcomes. In particular, it does not increase caesarean section rate. A cost-utility analysis of the trial was performed and demonstrated that induction of labour is associated with a small gain in QALYs and is not more expensive than expectant management. One key secondary outcome of the trial was maternal satisfaction. There is a lack of a robust validated tool for evaluating labour experience in the UK therefore a study of 350 women was performed to validate a Swedish instrument (Childbirth Experience Questionnaire) in the UK. This study demonstrates that the Childbirth Experience Questionnaire is a valid and reliable measure of childbirth experience in the UK population. A study examining the causes of 2850 cases of antepartum stillbirth in women of advanced maternal age using anonymised national data found that stillbirths in women over 35 years old are more likely to be due to major congenital anomalies, mechanical causes, maternal disorders or associated obstetric factors than women less than 35. In 2013, a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of induction of labour versus expectant management at term found that a policy of induction was associated with a 17% reduction in the risk of caesarean section. An IPD meta-analysis of induction of labour versus expectant management at term in women with intact membranes by subgroups of maternal age has shown that induction in women of advanced maternal age has no statistically significant effect on caesarean section rates.
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Книги з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications":

1

N, Canfield Richard, ed. Infectious pregnancy complications. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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2

1933-, Burrow Gerard N., and Ferris Thomas F. 1930-, eds. Medical complications during pregnancy. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1988.

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3

1933-, Burrow Gerard N., Duffy Thomas P, and Copel Joshua A, eds. Medical complications during pregnancy. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2004.

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4

Peeters, L. L. H., P. W. de Leeuw, and E. D. Post Uiterweer. Pathophysiology of pregnancy complications. Houten: Bohn Stafleu van Loghum, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-368-2571-9.

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5

D, Craigo Sabrina, and Baker Emily R, eds. Medical complications in pregnancy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2005.

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6

1933-, Burrow Gerard N., and Ferris Thomas F. 1930-, eds. Medical complications during pregnancy. 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1995.

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7

World Congress of Gynecology and Obstetrics (12th 1988 Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). Pregnancy and labor. Carnforth, Lancs, UK: Parthenon Pub. Group, 1989.

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8

Farquharson, Roy G., and Mary D. Stephenson. Early pregnancy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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9

Keith, Louis G., Margaret Rees, and Mahantesh Karoshi. Obesity and pregnancy. London: Royal Society of Medicine Press, 2008.

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10

Augustin, Goran. Acute appendicitis in pregnancy. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2010.

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Частини книг з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications":

1

Roy, Deblina. "Pregnancy Complications." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16999-6_730-1.

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2

Roy, Deblina. "Pregnancy Complications." In Encyclopedia of Evolutionary Psychological Science, 6128–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19650-3_730.

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3

Vizzini, Angela, and Jaime Aranda-Michel. "Malnutrition in Patients with Cirrhosis." In Complications of Cirrhosis, 289–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13614-1_30.

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4

Lefebvre, Cedric W., Jay P. Babich, James H. Grendell, James H. Grendell, John E. Heffner, Ronan Thibault, Claude Pichard, et al. "Pregnancy, Infectious Complications." In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1803–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_93.

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5

Mathiesen, Elisabeth R., Lene Ringholm, and Peter Damm. "Complications in Pregnancy." In A Practical Manual of Diabetes in Pregnancy, 257–68. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119043805.ch20.

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6

Palomba, Stefano, and Bart C. J. M. Fauser. "Complications of Pregnancy." In Infertility in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, 305–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45534-1_22.

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7

Dewey, Kayla, Kathryn Voss, and Carolyn Phillips. "Early Pregnancy Complications." In Emergency Department Management of Obstetric Complications, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54410-6_1.

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8

Pat, Susan. "Ectopic Pregnancy and Complications of Pregnancy." In When Doctors Get Sick, 413–17. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2001-0_46.

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9

Quinlan, Jeffrey D. "Obstetric Complications During Pregnancy." In Family Medicine, 165–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_13.

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10

Davison, John M., Adrian I. Katz, and Marshall D. Lindheimer. "Renal Complications of Pregnancy." In Suki and Massry’s THERAPY OF RENAL DISEASES AND RELATED DISORDERS, 561–603. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-6632-5_35.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications":

1

Tagieva, F. A. "On the risk of pregnancy complications." In General question of world science. "Science of Russia", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-31-07-2019-35.

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2

Schmitt, S., T. Meller, F. Stein, K. Brosch, S. Meinert, D. Grotegerd, U. Dannlowski, A. Krug, I. Nenadíc, and T. Kirchner. "The impact from complications of pregnancy on gyrification." In Abstracts of the 2nd Symposium of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie (AGNP) and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Biologische Psychiatrie (DGBP). Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3403026.

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3

Verdezoto, Nervo, Francisca Carpio-Arias, Valeria Carpio-Arias, Nicola Mackintosh, Parisa Eslambolchilar, Verónica Delgado, Catherine Andrade, and Galo Vásconez. "Indigenous Women Managing Pregnancy Complications in Rural Ecuador." In NordiCHI '20: Shaping Experiences, Shaping Society. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3419249.3420141.

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4

Konnaiyan, Karthik Raj, Surya Cheemalapati, Anna Pyayt, and Michael Gubanov. "mHealth dipstick analyzer for monitoring of pregnancy complications." In 2016 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2016.7808968.

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5

Bartkeviciute, A., and D. Bartkevičienė. "P217 The impact of Ureaplasma infections on pregnancy complications." In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.304.

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6

Marin, Iuliana, and Nicolae Goga. "LEARNING ANALYTICS SOFTWARE FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS REGARDING PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS." In 13th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.0870.

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7

"Trans-biobank genome-wide association analysis of pregnancy complications." In Bioinformatics of Genome Regulation and Structure/Systems Biology (BGRS/SB-2022) :. Institute of Cytology and Genetics, the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/sbb-2022-225.

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8

"Evaluation of maternal and fetal complications arising from pregnancy trauma." In International Conference on Medicine, Public Health and Biological Sciences. CASRP Publishing Company, Ltd. Uk, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18869/mphbs.2016.209.

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9

Rodrigues Nóbrega, Matheus, Laura Oliveira Rolim de Carvalho, Lucas Meneses Alverga, Maria Gabriela Gondim Gomes, Talinny Zubisarrannya Teoclaudylyanny Teotônio de Farias, Alice Maria Câmara, and Camilla Nobrega Rolim. "PREGNANCY COMPLICATIONS IN PATIENTS WITH SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." In Congresso Brasileiro de Reumatologia 2020. Sociedade Brasileira de Reumatologia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47660/cbr.2020.17597.

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10

Nechaeva, Y. V., and N. А. Kozelko. "FEATURES OF COMPLICATIONS OF THE PERIOD OF PREGNANCY AND POSTNATAL CONDITIONS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2021: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2021-1-304-307.

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The results of the study showed that among women attending the antenatal clinic “Borisov Central District Hospital”, urinary tract infections (26.9-32.3%) are the most frequently recorded . Anemia (16.3-18.2%) and venous complications (8.5-14.1%) are often recorded. Least of all of the considered complications in the third trimester is diabetes mellitus (5.2-5.4%). Bleeding in the follow-up and postpartum period for 2016-20 was 11.7% of cases. As a result of the analysis of the dynamics of the health status of women registered with the dispensary in the residential complex “Borisovskaya CRH” for the period from 2016-20, it was found that the dynamics of complications during pregnancy and the postpartum period is characterized by a pronounced steady downward trend (R2> 0.7).

Звіти організацій з теми "Malnutrition in pregnancy Complications":

1

Hsiao, Ming-Yen, Yoo Jin Choo, I.-Chun Liu, Boudier-Revéret Mathieu, and Min Cheol Chang. Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Post-stroke Dysphagia: Meta-analysis of Stimulation Frequency, Stimulation Site, and Timing of Outcome Measurement. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0005.

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Review question / Objective: Dysphagia is one of the most frequent sequelae after stroke. It can result in various complications, such as malnutrition, dehydration, aspiration pneumonia, and poor rehabilitation outcomes. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is reported to improve dysphagia after stroke; however, the details remain unclear. We evaluated the following rTMS parameters on post-stroke dysphagia: stimulation frequency (high frequency [≥3 Hz] or low frequency [1 Hz]), stimulation site (ipsilesional mylohyoid cortex or contralesional mylohyoid cortex), and outcome measurement timing (immediately, 3 weeks, and 4 weeks after the rTMS session).
2

Brännström, Mats, Ylva Carlsson, and Henrik Hagberg. Obstetric outcome after uterus transplantation. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0052.

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Review question / Objective: Is delivery by elective cesarean section as safe for the mother and the neonate after uterus transplantation as after delivery by elective cesarean section for reasons such as breech and psychological indication regarding stillbirth/neonatal mortality, neonatal morbidity, maternal mortality, and morbidity? Rationale: To compare pregnancy, obstetrical and neonatal complications at delivery by cesarean section in patients that have undergone uterus transplantation and in a normal groups of women.
3

Huntington, Dale. Meeting women's health care needs after abortion. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1036.

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Women who seek emergency treatment for abortion complications—bleeding, infection, and injuries to the reproductive tract system—should be a priority group for reproductive health care programs. These women often receive poor-quality services that do not address their multiple health needs. They may be discharged without counseling on postoperative recuperation, family planning (FP), or other reproductive health (RH) issues. Women who have had an induced abortion due to an unwanted pregnancy are likely to have a repeat abortion unless they receive appropriate FP counseling and services. Preventing repeat unsafe abortions is important for RH programs because it saves women's lives, protects women’s health, and reduces the need for costly emergency services for abortion complications. At the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development, the world's governments called for improvements in postabortion medical services. As part of the resulting international postabortion care initiative, the Population Council’s Operations Research and Technical Assistance projects worked collaboratively to conduct research on interventions to improve postabortion care. This brief summarizes the major findings of this research and relevant studies by other international organizations.
4

Gebregziabher, Hadush, Amaha Kahsay, Fereweini Gebrearegay, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Alem Gebremariam, and Gebretsadkan Gebremedhin Gebretsadik. Food taboos and their perceived reasons among pregnant women in Ethiopia: A Systematic review, 2022. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2023.1.0078.

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Review question / Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to synthesize the available evidence on food taboos and their perceived reasons among pregnant women in Ethiopia to posit comprehensive and precise evidence for decision making. The systematic review has addressed the following two questions: What are the various foods considered taboos by pregnant women in Ethiopia? What are the perceived reasons for food taboos by pregnant women in Ethiopia? Condition being studied: Undernutrition among pregnant women has been one of the serious public health challenges in Ethiopia. Food taboos prevent eating certain food items thus compromising one’s dietary diversity and quality which, in turn, would lead to poor health and nutritional outcomes. Evidence shows that food taboos are largely associated with maternal and fetal malnutrition during pregnancy and could have consequences on the mothers and their children later in life. Realizing such associations between food taboos and maternal undernutrition which in turn has fatal consequences, this systematic review synthesized evidence on food taboos and their perceived reasons among pregnant women in Ethiopia.
5

Foreit, James R. Postabortion family planning benefits clients and providers. Population Council, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh16.1006.

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A woman’s fertility can return quickly following an abortion or miscarriage, yet recent data show high levels of unmet need for family planning (FP) among women who have been treated for incomplete abortion. This leaves many women at risk of another unintended pregnancy and in some cases subsequent repeated abortions and abortion-related complications. It is thus vital for programs to provide a comprehensive package of postabortion care (PAC) services that includes medical treatment, FP counseling and services, and other reproductive health services such as evaluation and treatment for sexually transmitted infections, HIV counseling and/or testing, and community support and mobilization. Providing FP services within PAC benefits clients and programs. Facilities that can effectively treat women with incomplete abortions can also provide contraceptive services, including counseling and appropriate methods. As stated in this brief, any provider who can treat incomplete abortion can also provide selected FP methods. Clients, providers, and programs benefit when FP methods are provided to postabortion clients at the time of treatment.
6

Cao, Xianling, Xuanyou Zhou, Naixin Xu, Songchang Chang, and Chenming Xu. Association of IL-4 and IL-10 Polymorphisms with Preterm Birth Susceptibility: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0044.

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Review question / Objective: The aim of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the effects of IL-4 and IL-10 gene polymorphism and clarify their possible association with PTB. Condition being studied: World Health Organization (WHO) defines preterm birth (PTB) as babies born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. The new estimates show that the prevalence of PTB during 2014 ranged from 8.7% to13.4% of all live births, about 15 million preterm babies born each year. Besides, PTB is the leading cause of death worldwide for children below 5 years of age. Babies born preterm are at an increased risk of short-term and long-term complications attributed to immaturity of multiple organ systems, such as cerebral palsy, intellectual disabilities, vision and hearing impairments, and impaired cognitive development. PTB has become a worldwide public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Accumulating evidence shows that PTB is a syndrome that can be attributed to a variety of pathological processes(5). Inflammatory diseases and genetic background are known risk factors for PTB, many studies had shown that genetic variations in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 α (IL-1 α) are associated with increased risk of PTB, but the relationship between genetic polymorphism in anti-inflammatory cytokines and risk of PTB remains controversial.
7

Donor eggs may be linked to higher risk of pregnancy complications following IVF. National Institute for Health Research, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/signal-000243.

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8

Management of complications, pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period in the presence of FGM/C. Population Council, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh14.1065.

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9

Meet women's health needs with postabortion care. Population Council, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh2000.1035.

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Worldwide, one in eight pregnancy-related deaths result from complications of unsafe abortion such as bleeding, infection, or internal injuries. Many of these deaths could be prevented if women had the means to avoid unplanned pregnancy. At the 1994 United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, 180 governments identified postabortion care (PAC) as a high-priority public health issue. As part of the resulting global PAC initiative, the Population Council and other international organizations collaborated with governments and nongovernmental organizations in a worldwide program of operations research on interventions to improve postabortion care. This brief highlights the major findings of this research.
10

Chipatala cha pa Foni, Malawi's 'Health Center by Phone,' improving information giv ving information given about pr en about pregnancy-r egnancy-related sympt elated symptoms. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh15.1086.

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The Health Center by Phone, or "Chipatala cha pa Foni" (CCPF), was developed by Malawi’s Ministry of Health and VillageReach as a community-based hotline in the Balaka district of Malawi. CCPF was identified as an existing national health strategy with potential for providing Malawi’s women and their families important postpartum hemorrhage information. Because CCPF archives de-identified audio recordings of all calls, 28 telephone transcripts were qualitatively examined to assess whether women experiencing pregnancy-related complications such as postpartum bleeding call CCPF, and how hotline workers respond to them.

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