Дисертації з теми "Marginaux – Brésil – Bahia (Brésil ; État)"
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Filho, Antonio Nery Alves. "La vie dans la marginalité ou la mort dans l'institution : étude sur quatre groupes d'enfants et d'adolescents vivant de la rue à Salvador de Bahia (Brésil)." Lyon 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LYO2A001.
Palmiero, Martine. "Travail, citoyenneté active et processus de socialisation : l'exemple du budget participatif de Vitoria da Conquista (Bahia - Brésil)." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20098.
The crisis context that has affected modern industrialized societies since the 1980s, has given rise to a theoretical controversy that divides the scientific community concerning the place and central value of work in socialisation and access to citizenship. Our research aims to demonstrate that work is not the only factor for the socialisation of the adult population and that other activities may produce socialising effects. Within a systemic approach of subjects’ conduct, we wish to demonstrate that active citizenship may produce effects comparable to those of work in relation to the integration (activities outside work, social support) and the personalisation of subjects (self-esteem, affective attitude in relation to the future, projects). Our study was conducted in Brazil, in a town of the state of Bahia, Vitória da Conquista, which set up a participative budget in 1997. The study is based on a questionnaire of 214 subjects. The results show that active citizenship may not only produce socializing effects comparable to those of work but also reduce and even reverse the negative consequences that unemployment has on certain dimensions of socialisation
Pacheco, de Almeida José Antonio. "Le sertâo sisalier de Bahia-Brésil : analyse d'images spot pour une typologie dynamique de l'utilisation des terres (1986-1993)." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20044.
This study's objective is to set up a diagnostic about the transfer in lands using, from three multispectral serial spot datas, teledetected from 1986 to 1993, keyperiod for the bahia's sisaliar sertao, in the middle of the brazilian nordeste. The comparative stability between cow, sisal and caatinga, that had been realised for decades, was broken in the years 1980. In the same time, we can notice the progressive clearing of the caatinga land and the partially neglected sisal culture, as traditional or industrial one, which were replaced by pasture land. This is the result of the expansive breeding developpement. After having caracterized the radiometric answers of the different soil modalities, the visual interpretation of the monocanal multidate images permited to lay the foundation of the lands occupation use dynamism typology, whose spatial representation is attempt with supervised classifications aplied to the nine avalable canals. So, for the santa luz district, the principal transfering occurrencies have been identified and quantitatively valued
Nóvoa, Jorge Luis Bezerra. "Le Brésil dans le développement inégal du capitalisme : le cas de Bahia." Paris 7, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA070016.
Sousa, Fernando Henrique de. "O jogo de atores e a multiterritorialidade." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010603.
Labaig, Henrique. "Les associations du monde paysan : vers une nouvelle construction territoriale de l'agriculture familiale au Brésil : l'exemple du Cerrado." Toulouse 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU20027.
This PhD research intent to demonstrate that the new policies in Brazil in direction of family farms don't are only the reinforcement of previous social relations but that they correspond with a deep transformation of rural societies and of the relationship between State and peasantry. The first part presents an historical study of the development process of agriculture and of the constitution of a peasantry in Brazil. The process of modernization is analysed in the case of the Cerrados area and in particular the municipe of Rio Verde (Goiás state) and it shows that the cooperative has been the instrument of this modernisation and of the marginalisation of family farms. The second part shows that public policies in direction of family farming since 1995 are able to produce a new type of rural thanks to the associative movement that can't be summarised into a mere opportunist instrument of resource captivation from the state by clientelistic networks. The demonstration is based on the analysis of associations and farms strategies in two municipes of the states of Bahia and Goiás: Correntina and Orizona
Freitas, Antonio Fernando Guereirro de. "Au Brésil : deux Régions de Bahia (1896-1937)." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040143.
This thesis investigates the process of formation for two economic regions Sao Francisco and cacaoeira in the state of Bahia, Brazil, between 1896 and 1937. The former had its economy based on the production of a wide range of merchandises while the latter had always strengthened the monoculture of cocoa. During this period, and apart from private interests, the state played an important role in the shaping of these characteristics. The policies that were adopted had a considerable effect on their development in two different ways: in the first year of the period under study by helping to reinforce regionalization, and by the end of the period by contributing to redesign the geographical spaces
Araujo, Ubiratan Castro de. "Le politique et l'économique dans une société esclavagiste : Bahia, 1820 à 1889." Paris 4, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA040194.
Two strictly political circumstances that explain two realities of the sugar economy in the Brazilian province of Bahia have not yet been deeply analyzed : on the one hand, the sudden burst of the sugar during the years 1820-1855, despite the stubbornness of the sugar planters in maintaining old exploitation structures using servile manpower and little progress in cultivation methods of the sugar cane or in the production of sugar and, on the other, the region’s economics collapse from the end of the 50's on. Thus, after the expulsion of the Portuguese tradesmen in 1823 the political alliances between the sugar planters of the Reconcavo and the tradesmen of Salvador, descendants from the same social group although politically and economically controlled them, succeeded in overcoming the slave rebellions and the apathy of the progressive forces of the lower classes of the bahianese population. The period of the Brazilian independence and that of the slavery abolition are interesting to study the politics and the economy of Bahia in the nineteenth-century
Da, Silva Gomes Andrea. "Dynamique du système agraire de la région cacaoyère de l'Etat de Bahia, Brésil." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AGPT0007.
The cocoa growing region of Bahia State, Brazil has been experiencing important transformations in its agrarian system as a consequence of a grave socioecomical crisis. Initiated in the last 80s years, this crisis was principally caused by the decline of cocoa cultivation, the dominant economic activity in the region until the 90s. Some of the resulting transformations occurring in the region are: the exodus of rural labor force to the nearest cities, increased rural and urban poverty, the appearance of new forms of work organization and agricultural production systems, technological innovations and increased deforestation. In light of this regional scenario, our research aimed to contribute to the understanding of the agricultural system dynamic of the studied region, with an economic and social approach. A dynamic pattern system was created based on field research performed in a cocoa growing micro-region, in the municipalities of Itajuípe and Coaraci. The model shows relations between agricultural investments in cocoa farms, agricultural employment generation, land tenure, labor force employment (sharecroppers or wage-workers), agrarian structure and productive unit typology. This last factor is related to the adoption of different cropping and animal raising systems in addition to different types of workers. From the interaction of the distinct sub-models, a regional development model was constructed. Several scenarios for the regional agrarian system were shown and public policy proposals that promote agricultural development intervention were made
Vatin, Xavier. "Etude comparative de différentes nations de candomblé à Bahia, Brésil." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0223.
Souty, Jérôme. "Du regard détaché à la connaissance initiatique : oeuvre-vie de Pierre Fatumbi Verger." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0248.
After fifteen years of long distance travels, practising a spontaneous style of photography, Pierre Verger (1902-1996) arrived in 1946 in Salvador de Bahia. In 1948 he went to Africa, researching the origines of the afro-brazilian cult (candomblé) in the yoruba and fon traditions of Benin and Nigeria. Ritualy initiated on both parts of the black Atlantic, he has dedicated fifty years of research (ethnography, botany, history) to these cultures. This essay analyses his work and life, insisting on several points : the relation to the Other both as a photographer and as an ethnographer; the place of the image in the research; the limits of a written science of oral cultures and the caracteristics of yoruba orality; the question of "tradition" and the invention of an afro-brazilian collective memory; the importance of silence in Verger's works and the secret's social function in candomblé; the stakes of initiation and of a double cultural identity of the researcher
Glaisen, Sarah. "Le développement culturel et artistique de Bahia / Brésil dans les années 1950 : la formation d’un patrimoine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100017/document.
The present thesis examines a remarkable period in contemporary Brazilian history, namely the emergence and development of a dynamic and vibrant cultural scene in the state of Bahia and its capital Salvador from the 1950s to the early 1960s. What makes this resurgence so unique is the key role that institutions, university and museums played in bringing together international avant-garde movements and local popular cultures. At the forefront were the University of Bahia, the Museum of Modern Art of Bahia and the Museum of Popular Art. Under the visionary leadership of the then dean, Edgard Santos, the University of Bahia adopted a highly innovative approach by opening various schools of performing arts and several cultural institutions. With architect Lina Bo Bardi at the helm, the Museum of Modern Art of Bahia developed a unique programme that was open to all artistic disciplines. Established in 1963 and closed in 1964, the Museum of Popular Art, which boasted an extremely uncoventional design, contributed to a greater appreciation and the institutionalisation of the popular cultures of the Nordeste region. The aim of this research is to understand the stakes that this unprecedented period of growth posed in terms of heritage and cultural/artistic renewal. The study also examines how these developments became embedded in the territorial and conceptual spaces of the region, the nation and the wider world. By means of a comprehensive and descriptive approach, the present thesis addresses the cultural, historical, political and social factors, the legacies and influences which fostered the cultural and artistic resurgence of Bahia
Tonneau, Jean-Philippe. "Modernisation des espaces ruraux et paysannerie : le cas du Nordeste du Brésil." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100096.
The present work wants to help define agrarian policy for an arid region. The Brazilian nordeste. In this region, under-development has relation to land owners ‘social, economic and political domination which has, in a manner, kept productive investment off for almost 500 years. The experience, gained on a local development scheme conducted in the state of Baia since 1987, has been taken as reference. The assumption -both for the operation and the thesis- is that harmonious development cannot be achieved at rural level unless there is a strong peasant community, which supposes new relationships between the actors involved. Voluntarism and protest actions are needed. Nevertheless, to be successful, such actions must prove realistic and according with the economic reality of the market characterized by competitive features. For a given historical time, comparative advantages will depend on geographical and social situations (with regard to a center of development and to a decision-making body, respectively). Showing up such situations and making them understandable by the actors becomes a priority for developmental structures. Such objective results difficult to achieve because of the rapid changes induced by external factors and internal actions by man who continuously builds both the space and social relationships, and sometimes the market. To solve such problem, any structure intended to support development must combine the following functions: observing (to identify space and social organizations); experimenting (local development and organization of the market); and planning
Santos, Lage Creuza. "Les milieux naturels de la haute vallée du Vaza Barris (Bahia-Brésil) et leur aménagement." Bordeaux 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986BOR30016.
The upper vaza-barris valley presents a very complexe morpho-structural set in semiarid bahia state (brazil). Previous erosion cycles (valbas and paraguacu), associated with recent quaternary prenomence, created a real landscape mosaic. Pedologie and phytogeographie characteristies produce three different landscape units : uana pediplaine, cocorobo depression and the jeremoaba chapada. The upper vaza barris valley ecogeodynamie environment degree. The environmental landuse restrietions are closely linked to regional water deficiency. The "albos pelados" processes and soil salinization involve hazards of unrenewable degradation of this region, which abready tends to desertification. Un planned human actions take part in the damage of this prexarious equilibrium. The present trends of environment evolution were not considered in the upper valley development plar. Yet the mostly damaged environmental conditions should induce new sets of procedures to be defined through an integrated shedy of the landscapes
Bittencourt, Machado Gustavo. "Multifonctionnalité de l’agriculture familiale et diversification des activités dans le sertão semi-aride de l’État de Bahia (Brésil)." Paris, AgroParisTech, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AGPT0003.
This thesis intends to understand the multifunctionality of the familial agriculture by the theoretical, conceptual and juridical approach according to the public policies that recognize the agricultural public functions or tasks for the semi-arid regions. The case study is the brazilian semi-arid sertão, specially the Sisal Territory, in the State of Bahia, using the Agrarian System Analysis-diagnostic. The agricultural multifonctionality is studied with their public functions, considering the territorial, economic, social, environmental and cultural approaches. Other public function is demonstrated: the educational function, typical of the familial agriculture (small scale agriculture). The territory notion is comprehended in the regional perspective, how an institutional approach, how territorial projects of the solidary economic enterprises. The Associação de Desenvolvimento Sustentavel e Solidário da Região Sisaleira (APAEB)’s experience is the case study. The “Identity Territory”, a brazilian category, is compared with the “pays”, a french category. The historical development process of the familial agriculture and the decadence of the latifundium with the sisal monoculture crise are analysed. The latifundium were abandoned or sent to the small farmers or expropriated by INCRA to do the agrarian reform. Many big sisal farms were changed by the cattle breeding farms
Mougeot, Rémy. "Etude de la limite archéen-protérozoi͏̈que et des minéralisations Au,+U associées : exemples des régions de Jacobina (Etat de Bahia, Brésil) et de Carajas (Etat de Para, Brésil)." Montpellier 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON20131.
Le, Bouler Pavelic Santos Nathalie. "Aprender e ensinar com os Outros : a educação como meio de abertura e de defesa na aldeia Tupinambáde Serra do Padeiro (Bahia, Brasil)." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0091.
The subject of this doctoral thesis is the process, and its subsequent consolidation as a project, of indigenous school education in the Tupinambá community of Serra do Padeiro (Terra Indígena Tupinambá de Olivença, Bahia-Brazil). The different phases and transitions of the Tupinambá trajectory of struggle are examined by the implementation of a differentiated educational system, which has required constant reorganization from the loss of the indigenous territory and the desire to provide a formal education to the new generations as a means of reversion, positive, of the contemporary situation. The thesis also seeks to highlight the violation of legal frameworks regarding indigenous peoples as an extremely important dimension for the understanding of this educational project. In this context, interethnic relations have a direct effect on the process in question. It emphasizes the particularity represented by the formal education project of the Serra do Padeiro community, as it is guided by the encantados - main entities of their worldview - who act as "educational agents" and, complementarily, by welcoming the Other, in this case, non-indigenous students. In addition to the Tupinambá discourses about the advantages of the Colégio Estadual Indígena Tupinambá de Serra do Padeiro (CEITSP) for the region, it is described, how day-to-day teaching is developed and understood as "doubly differentiated" - being indigenous and welcoming non-indigenous- and how the "traditional" and the “western” knowledge are chosen and systematized in this context. Finally, the thesis aims to show that the community of Serra do Padeiro transmits its teachings in the course of the struggle for their rights, configuring an educational model that could be expanded beyond its own borders, through adaptation to other contexts under new parameters of interethnic relations
Etchevarne, Carlos Alberto. "Etude de l'appropriation des ressources du milieu : les populations pre-coloniales sanfranciscaines, dans l'état de Bahia (Brésil)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0021.
Monteiro, Tania Penido. "La voix d'Itapuã : images du passé et vision du changement : ethnotextes d'un réseau de culture populaire dans l'Etat de Bahia, Brésil." Aix-Marseille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX10014.
The subject of this thesis is the memory of an ancient fishermen's village of the north-east of brazil. This village, called itapua, was incorporated to the city of salvador in the second half of our century, when the capital of bahia tripled its size becoming an important industrial center. It's a study of oral history : the interviws were recorde between 1987 and 1991. Old residents of theplace were interviwed, especially men and women who are members of traditional fishermen's families. For collecting and analysing oral material we followed the principles of the research based on the concept of ethnotexts. The most important themes that are constantly repeted by those who were interviwed gives us certains insights about the community and its collective memory. We have also analysed how the transformations of the city were felt by the people of itapua who in many ways keep alive the traditions of the popular culture of bahia
Da, Silva Gomes Andréa. "Dynamique du systÈme agraire de la rÉgion cacaoyÈre de l´État de bahia, brÉsil." Phd thesis, AgroParisTech, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00004595.
Saback, Velloso Ignez. "Enseignement agricole et développement : une étude évaluative comparée entre l'Etat de Bahia (Brésil) et la région de Bourgogne (France)." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080907.
THIS PIECE OF research RESTS ON THE ASSUMPTION THAT EDUCATION IS POWERFUL FACTOR OF DEVELOPMENT. THE METHOD FOLLWED HAS BEEN THAT OF COMPARATIVE EDUCATION STUDIES. THROUGHT IT, IT HAS BEEN POSSIBLE TO ANALYSE THE FEATURES OF EACH OF THE TWO EDUCATION SYSTEMS, THEIR DIFFERENCES AND LIKENESSES, THE AIM HAVING BEEN TO EXTRACT SUCH FITTING PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES AS MAY BE APPLIED TO AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN GENERAL AND MORE SPECIFICALLY TO AGRICULTURAL EDUCATION IN THE BAHIA STATE. THE APPRAISAL HAS BEEN MADE THROUGH AN EXAMINATION OF THE VARIOUS STAGES OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS : PLANING, ORGANIZING, IMPLEMENTING, MONITORING AND ASSESSING. ON THIS BASIS, THE CONCLUSION HAS BEEN REACHED THAT BOTH EDUCATION SYSTEMS ARE GEARED TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ONLY, AND SO CALL FOR A NEW DEFINITION OF THEIR OBJECTIVES SO AS TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT IN THE WIDER SENCE, THAT IS INCLUDING SOCIAL, CULTURAL AND POLITICAL IMPLICATIONS
Araujo, Ana Lucia. "MÉMOIRES DE L'ESCLAVAGE ET DE LA TRAITE DES ESCLAVES DANS L'ATLANTIQUE SUD : ENJEUX DE LA PATRIMONIALISATION AU BRÉSIL ET AU BÉNIN." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24943/24943_1.pdf.
Sepúlveda, Cecília de Alencar Serra e. "O progresso a cidade e as letras : o intelectual e a transiçâo do século XIX para o XX em Salvador da Bahia." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0166.
This research on documentary sources investigates the way five intellectuals from Bahia, Brazil, lived and interpreted the process of modernization in the passage from the 19th century to the 20th century, evidenced in measures of urbanization that interfered not only in the urban fabric as well as in customs, practices and social interactions that gave meaning to the space. It deals with the sociology of intellectual which analyzes the performance of Silva Lima (1826-1910), Anna Bittencourt (1844-1930), Manuel Querino (1851-1923), Xavier Marques (1861-1942) and Cardoso de Oliveira (1865-1962) in the following works, respectively:/4 Bahia de Hâ 66 Anos (1907); Longos Serôes do Campo (1920); A Bahia de Outrora (1916); Boto e Cia /O Feiticeiro (1897/1922) and Dois Métros e Cinco (1905). The sample gathered five writers with distinct lives in ethnie, social and professional terms, composing a rich picture about the intellectual life of Bahia in the period in question. It was stimulated by previous studies which highlighted the relation between intellectual production and urban transformations. This field of research raises the problem of conceptual reification in the methodological sphere, confronted in the construction of "intellectual" as an analysis category and in the approach of the texts as data sources. On one side, it was observed the volubility of the statusof intellectual, conditioned by the access to certain groups and by criteria of récognition, and, on the other side, the dynamic nature of memoirs and of the novels produced by thèse writers that, beyond the imprisonment on media materials such as books and serial novels, constituted actions in the public sphere, claiming to be examinedfrom a historical perspective. Thus, the research isn't constrained to a conceptual definition of intellectuality, tracing instead the intellectual profile of Bahia, analyzing the spaces they frequented — their societies and their distinction criteria, the means of publication, the auditoriums, the audience, the editors and directors of newspapers. The research approached the texts of these writers as historical events, political actions in the printed media rather than as passive information sources. The first part of this thesis investigates the passage of intellectuals through abolitionists and republican groups, writers' coteries, in the Geographical and Historical Institute of Bahia and in the main periodicals of the city. The second part is devoted to the analysis of contents of a publication of each author, dealing with the thorough transformations that occurred in the dynamics of coexistence among citizens in the city of Salvador, thus outlining the sens of rupture which defines, from the perspective of local intellectuality, the coming of progress and modernity. The texts revealed not only the opinions of writers about the damage or benefits of modernization, but theirliving experience in the city, contributing to the phenomenology of the process abstractly understood as "modernity", emphasizing relevant aspects of changes in the forms of sociality such as the extinction of religious customs, the weakening of popular festivals, the adoption of Carnival replacing the "Entrudo", and new ways of meeting in open public spaces (streets, commercial spaces and squares) — aspects related to the process of socio-spatial segregation which interfered in the coexistence between rich and poor
Rudowski, Luc. "Pétrologie et géochimie des granites transamazoniens de Campo Formoso et Carnaiba (Bahia, Brésil), et des phlogopites à émeraudes associées." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1989. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067133.
Grossi, Gabriele. "Ici nous sommes tous parents : les Pataxó de Barra Velha, Bahia, Bresil." Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004EHES0163.
For a long time the Pataxó tribe living in their native reserve of mountain Pascal which lies to the extreme south of the Bahia state, have grown accustomed to dressing like the other habitants of the region, speaking Portuguese and earning a living through agriculture, fishing and selling traditional produce to tourists during the high season. Despite the apprent cultural homogeneity with the surrounding white society, the Pataxó's define themselves as Indians. The increase in symbolic affiliations to their certai ethnic group takes the form of clothing, native body art, ritual dances, typical artisan goods and the use of their native language. These ritual and religious aspects contribute to the claims of a separate cultural identity, where school becomes like a laboratory both producing and disclosing ethnic traditions. However our understanding of the Pataxó's ethnic identity derives more from the articulation between "the land" as a place of enchanted ancestors and "blood ties". The base of the socio-political and religious organisation of the village is formed from a belief in blood ties transcending from the first generation: "here everyone has blood ties". The criteria's of membership, identity and ethnic differentiation, which define the way they interact with other, are a result of a shared history and a process of restraining any innovations to their traditions
Pamplona, Le Bail Marise Almeida. "Les techniques et les savoirs ruraux au prime de l'appartenance sociale et territoriale : le cas de Nova Itapecerica (Litoral Norte de Bahia, Brésil)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAG012/document.
Nova Itapecerica is a rural locality of recent settlement, situated on the Litoral Norte of Bahia whose hamlets are widely determined by the arrivals of four main groups. These hamlets are divided between their traditions and a modernity that is fast approaching. Despite the extension of eucalyptus plantations on one hand, and the pressures that tourism development on the other hand exerts on resources, the families maintain a privileged relation with the nature which surrounds them, especially the palm tree piaçava. They maintain and develop know-how in the use of this one while practicing forms of horticulture. From the oral history, this thesis traces the constitution of this rural locality with the arrival of several waves of migrants, a history marked by numerous and violent conflicts. The development of the analyzes brings to light the variability of the relations between conflicts and sociability of cooperation. We explore how the techniques and the different local know-how implemented in the management of the environment play a significant role in the complex feelings of territoriality, belonging, cooperation and exclusion of these families
Nova Itapecerica é uma comunidade rural recentemente constituída, situada no Litoral Norte da Bahia e formada pela migração de quatro grupos divididos entre suas tradições e uma modernidade aparente. Apesar da pressão exercida de uma parte pelas plantações de eucaliptos e de outra pelo desenvolvimento da indústria do turismo, essas familias conservam uma relação privilegiada com a natureza, principalmente coma palmeira de piaçava. Elas mantêm e desenvolvem seus saberes locais na utilização desta palmeira ao mesmo tempo que praticam uma agricultura de subsistência. A partir da história oral, esta tese retrata a constituição dessa comunidade rural formada por um processo de migração marcado por violentos conflitos. O desenvolvimento das análises colocam em evidência a variabilidade das relações entre conflitos e sociabilidade. Exploraremos como as técnicas e os diferentes saberes locais intervêm de forma significativanos complexos sentimentos de territorialide, pertencimento, cooperação e exclusão destas familias
Silva, Gisélia Castro. "Culture populaire et communication contemporaine au Brésil : la télévision et le téléjournalisme à bahia et Maranhao-années : années 2001/2012." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100093.
This thesis investigates audiovisual narratives on African-Brazilian religions, namely Candomblé and Tambor de Mina in the Brazilian northeastern states of Bahia and Maranhão, which were aired on TV news of Rede Globo de Televisão’s affiliated stations, as part of the local programming of the largest private media conglomerate of contemporary Brazil. Based on a study sample of eleven (11) news, including one special coverage, it was noticed that such narratives, stories broadcast between 2011 and 2012, reinforce the festive perception and the mixed nature of cultural-religious syncretism, foundation of the dominant ideology shaped in social classes and ethnic relations that conceives culture as intercrossing as well as conflict-free. This is a conservative view emerging in the production of a type of TV journalism that remains as part of the present social order, while promising to provide a public and cultural service. The relationship between TV journalism and Candomblé / Tambor de Mina temples, be it mediated by the State, intellectuals or social, economic and cultural interests, are also survival and poetic renewal strategies for groups pertaining to the African-Brazilian popular culture. Therefore, this study attempts to understand and place the insertion strategies of Candomblé and Tambor de Mina in TV journalism, and the meanings of popular culture brought out through voices, images and sounds of audiovisual narratives of festivals, events and characters related to the African-Brazilian religions
Esta tese analisa narrativas audiovisuais sobre cultos afro-brasileiros, especialmente, candomblé e tambor de mina, nos estados Bahia e Maranhão, da região nordeste do Brasil, que foram veiculadas em jornais televisivos de emissoras afiliadas da Rede Globo de Televisão, como parte da grade de programação local do maior conglomerado midiático do segmento privado de comunicação do Brasil contemporâneo. Observou-se, na mostra de onze (11) reportagens, incluindo uma edição de telejornal com cobertura especial, que tais narrativas, difundidas em diferentes datas entre os anos 2002 e 2013, reforçam a visão festiva e o caráter de mistura e de sincretismo cultural-religioso, base do pensamento dominante forjado em relações de classes sociais e raciais que concebe cultura como entrecruzamento e esvaziada de conflitos. Visão conservadora que emerge na produção de um jornalismo televisivo que se mantém como parte da ordem social vigente, enquanto promessa de prestação de serviço público-cultural. A relação entre jornalismo televisivo e terreiros de candomblé e de tambor de mina, mediada pelo estado, por intelectuais ou por interesses sócio-econômico-culturais, constitui-se também como estratégias de sobrevivência e de renovação poética para grupos participantes da cultura popular afro-brasileira. Buscou-se, nesse sentido, compreender e situar as estratégias de inserção do candomblé e do tambor de mina no telejornalismo e os sentidos difundidos de cultura popular por intermédio de vozes, de imagens e de sonoridades de narrativas audiovisuais sobre festas, eventos e personagens alusivos aos cultos afro-brasileiros
Cerqueira, Barbosa Valéria. "L'image de l'enfant noir dans la littérature de jeunesse au Brésil : des politiques scolaires aux usages dans les écoles publiques de Salvador de Bahia." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB210.
Children's literature, one of the most widely used aids in a school context, is also considered a child's cultural object. This dissertation focuses specifically on children's books in which the main character is a black child. The Brazilian public schools receive this material from the Department of Education in an aim to promote "education in ethnic-racial relationships" which is present in the school policies that were promulgated in 2003 and 2004, and that made mandatory "the teaching of history and of African-Brazilian and African cultures" in every educational institution as well as "the inclusion of black characters [...] in educational aids" (Brazil, 2005). Numerous Brazilian researchers in the fields of education and sociology have, since the 1950's, studied the representation of this character. Nonetheless, the different subjects to which it is today associated, and the way educators make use of these books inside the classroom, remain yet to be researched. We will therefore, study here, the image of the black child through the analysis of textual and iconographic contents of 80 contemporary children's books, but also the usage that educators of eight public schools of Salvador de Bahia make of these books, while using two complementary approaches: collective interviews and direct observation of a CE2 class. We will focus particularly on the concept of race, which on the one hand, is at the heart of these school policies, of these books and of their usage on children. On the other hand, it constitutes a category of analysis, allowing us to report on social relations. Consequently, this will be the opportunity to bring to light the interests and limitations that these school policies and books entail, as a way to support new educational approaches for the learning of the above mentioned ethnic-racial relationships at school
A literatura infantojuvenil, um dos suportes mais utilizados no contexto escolar, é considerada como um objeto cultural da criança. Esta tese se interessa especificamente sobre os livros ilustrados infantojuvenis cuja personagem principal é uma criança negra. Estes livros são enviados para as escolas públicas brasileiras pelo Ministério da Educação a fim de atender a "Educação das Relações Étnico-Raciais" prevista nas políticas educacionais promulgadas em 2003 e 2004, tornando obrigatório "o ensino da história e da cultura afro-brasileira e africana" em todos os estabelecimentos de ensino, assim como "a inclusão de personagens negros [...] nos materiais de ensino" (BRASIL, 2005). Se, desde 1950 alguns pesquisadores brasileiros em educação e em sociologia estudaram a representação desses personagens, as diferentes temáticas pelas quais eles são atualmente associados e a maneira como os professores-as fazem uso desses livros em sala de aula têm, porém, sido pouco investigada. Estudamos aqui a imagem da criança negra através da análise de conteúdo textual e iconográfica de 80 livros contemporâneos, mas também os usos que os professores de oito escolas públicas de Salvador - Bahia fazem desses livros através de duas metodologias complementares: entrevistas coletivas e observações diretas em uma turma do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental. Nos apoiaremos particularmente no conceito de raça que, de um lado, se encontra no interior dessas políticas educacionais, desses livros e nos seus usos com as crianças, e por outro lado, constitui uma categoria de análise permitindo observar as relações sociais. Esta será uma ocasião para destacar as perspectivas e limites dessas políticas educacionais e os usos desses livros como suportes de novas modalidades pedagógicas para a aprendizagem da dita diversidade étnico-racial na escola
La literatura infantil, uno de los recursos más utilizados en el contexto escolar, es considerada como un objeto cultural del niño. Esta tesis se enfoca más precisamente en los álbumes infantiles en los que el personaje principal es un niño negro. El Ministerio de Educación envía estos libros a las escuelas públicas brasileñas con el objetivo de promulgar "la educación para las relaciones étnico-raciales" prevista en las políticas escolares promulgadas en los años 2003 y 2004, haciendo obligatoria "la enseñanza de la historia y de la cultura afro-brasileña y africana" en todos los establecimientos escolares, así como "la inclusión de personajes negros [...] en los recursos de enseñanza" (Brasil, 2005). Si bien, desde los años cincuenta, algunos investigadores brasileños en ciencias de la educación y en sociología han estudiado la representación de este personaje, las diferentes temáticas a las que está actualmente ligado y la manera en que los educadores hacen uso de estos libros dentro de la clase han sido poco investigada. Estudiaremos así la imagen del niño negro a través del análisis del contenido textual e iconográfico de 80 álbumes contemporáneos, así como también los usos que los educadores de ocho escuelas públicas de Salvador de Bahía hacen de estos textos, utilizando dos metodologías complementarias: entrevistas colectivas y observaciones directas dentro de una clase de CE2. Nos apoyaremos particularmente en el concepto de raza la cual, por un lado, se encuentra en el núcleo de estas políticas escolares, de estas obras y de su uso con los niños; y, por otro lado, constituye una categoría de análisis, permitiendo informar sobre las relaciones sociales. De este modo, tendremos la oportunidad de poner de relieve los intereses y las limitaciones de estas políticas escolares, así como de los usos de estos libros, como recursos para nuevas modalidades pedagógicas que facilitan el aprendizaje de dicha diversidad étnico-racial en la escuela
Bragard, Romain. "Urbanité et sentiment de nature : ethnographies comparées de la randonnée pédestre Corse – Chapada Diamantina (Brésil)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20076/document.
This research is articulated around a founding hypothesis: the feeling of nature that motivates the hikers is an urban feeling. Loving the nature, searching for a physical contact with it, spending energy and money to go through it and experience extraordinary feelings are all elements of the modern cultural weft. Tourists at the GR20 (Corsica) and at the Chapada Diamantina (Bahia, Brazil) inherited from the history of the idea of nature, from the history of the individual and from the history of free time in western civilization. They are moved by the desire of nature, which is worked out in the urban routine, and which emergence conditions are similar in both countries. However, the features of the « hiking ritual » in each of these places change according to their social structures and their « national myths ». In one hand, we can see how French tourists in Corsica experience and act the « myth of the individual » (Miguel Benasayag), fulfilled by equality and autonomy values. On the other hand, Brazilian tourists perform a hierarchical social scene, which places them between the guide who serves them and the natural divinity that overwhelms them. In both cases, a political question can be asked: does the feeling of nature hide and legitimate a « selective democracy » (Jessé Souza) that is connected to a depoliticization of nature as raw material ?