Статті в журналах з теми "Mathematical model of tire"
Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Mathematical model of tire.
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-50 статей у журналах для дослідження на тему "Mathematical model of tire".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте статті в журналах для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
1
Ni, E. J. "A Mathematical Model for Tire/Wheel Assembly Balance." Tire Science and Technology 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2139530.
Анотація:
Abstract A mathematical model is developed to calculate the weight required on a tire/wheel assembly to balance wheel nonuniformity effects such as the lateral runout. A finite element model of a tire mounted on a rigid wheel is used to simulate the free spinning about a skewed axis. The result showed that Euler's equation of motion in rigid body dynamics can be used to calculate the imbalance caused by wheel lateral runout. This equation is then used in a Monte Carlo model to simulate a production distribution. The model can be used to define tire and wheel specification limits, and to predict the number of assemblies that will have unacceptable imbalances. The verification of the model and results of the Monte Carlo simulation are presented.
2
Yanchevskiy, Vadim, and Elena Yanchevskaya. "Mathematical Model of Tire Life Calculation in Real Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 838 (June 2016): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.838.78.
Анотація:
In this article we answer questions on how to control tire life. We propose the method of calculating the standard mileage rate of the tires in specific conditions. We describe how to determine the remaining mileage of each tire in operation and therefore determine the date of its decommissioning. And in this way make the balanced forecast of the tires demand for the future period to replace the unusable tires.
3
Pearson, Matthew, Oliver Blanco-Hague, and Ryan Pawlowski. "TameTire: Introduction to the Model." Tire Science and Technology 44, no. 2 (April 1, 2016): 102–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.16.440203.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Tire modeling is an ever-growing area of interest for vehicles as more efficient development processes are desired in terms of time and resources. Vehicle simulations offer an opportunity for development teams to predict tire and vehicle performance before the construction of a physical prototype. Michelin has identified the need for more robust and accurate tire models that can be used for such simulations to give an accurate description of the transient mechanical and thermal behavior of a tire. Rubber's viscous and elastic properties are heavily dependent on their thermal state; when this effect is not modeled, it results in mathematical tire models that insufficiently predict tire performance. TameTire aims to fill this void for a broad range of maneuvers, track characteristics, and operating conditions based on the ability to predict tire forces and moments with physically based parameters. Some physical characteristics contained within a TameTire model include contact patch dimensions, tread, sidewall and belt stiffnesses, and rubber compound properties. Empirical tire models for handling have limited representation of tire physical properties due to the dependence on the measurement protocol and lack of identification of the thermal state of the tire. TameTire's advance modeling techniques include capturing a tire's thermal effects, thereby allowing for a more accurate and thorough analysis of tires behavior while being physically based (e.g., parameters for stiffness, rubber properties) and allowing the model to be grounded in the actual physics of a tire operating.
4
Völkl, Timo, Robert Lukesch, Martin Mühlmeier, Michael Graf, and Hermann Winner. "A Modular Race Tire Model Concerning Thermal and Transient Behavior using a Simple Contact Patch Description." Tire Science and Technology 41, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 232–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.13.410402.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The potential of a race tire strongly depends on its thermal condition, the load distribution in its contact patch, and the variation of wheel load. The approach described in this paper uses a modular structure consisting of elementary blocks for thermodynamics, transient excitation, and load distribution in the contact patch. The model provides conclusive tire characteristics by adopting the fundamental parameters of a simple mathematical force description. This then allows an isolated parameterization and examination of each block in order to subsequently analyze particular influences on the full model. For the characterization of the load distribution in the contact patch depending on inflation pressure, camber, and the present force state, a mathematical description of measured pressure distribution is used. This affects the tire's grip as well as the heat input to its surface and its casing. In order to determine the thermal condition, one-dimensional partial differential equations at discrete rings over the tire width solve the balance of energy. The resulting surface and rubber temperatures are used to determine the friction coefficient and stiffness of the rubber. The tire's transient behavior is modeled by a state selective filtering, which distinguishes between the dynamics of wheel load and slip. Simulation results for the range of occurring states at dry conditions show a sufficient correlation between the tire model's output and measured tire forces while requiring only a simplified and descriptive set of parameters.
5
Orysenko, Oleksandr, Mykola Nesterenko, Oleksiy Vasyliev, and Ivan Rohozin. "MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF PRESSURE CHANGE IN AUTOMOBILE PNEUMATICAL TIRE DEPENDING ON OPERATING TEMPERATURE." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 53 (October 31, 2019): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2019.53.1885.
Анотація:
It has been established that in the process of operation pressure ratings in the tires of many cars differs from those recommended by the production plant. Is leads to performance degradation of tires traveling properties and their loss of life.The pressure excursion from the normative value may be caused either by an error during tire inflation, or by the fact that thedifference between the operating temperature and the temperature of the inflating air has not considered. Using athematicalstatistical methods of data processing, there has been deduced the mathematical relationship between pressure in the pneumatical tire at the operating temperature and the required pressure of inflating air into the tire, if the temperatures of inflationand operation differ.
6
López, Alberto, José Luis Olazagoitia, Francisco Marzal, and María Rosario Rubio. "Optimal parameter estimation in semi-empirical tire models." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 1 (June 19, 2018): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407018779851.
Анотація:
Semi-empirical tire models are mathematical models, the parameters of which are identified after a process of error reduction to fit experimental data obtained in the laboratory. In this process, the algorithms used for estimating the model parameters are usually based on nonlinear least-squares fitting methods, in which only vertical residuals between the model and the test points are considered. Although extensively utilized, this type of fitting implicitly considers that errors in the slip data (horizontal residuals) are either nonexistent or negligible, which is not true. This paper introduces a new methodology to the identification of semi-empirical tire model parameters based on weighed orthogonal residuals, which takes into account possible errors inherent in the test measurements of dependent and independent variables. The results show that the methodology offers a reliable parameter identification providing an even fitting for all the zones of the mathematical semi-empirical tire model.
7
Olazagoitia, José Luis, Jesus Angel Perez, and Francisco Badea. "Identification of Tire Model Parameters with Artificial Neural Networks." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 20, 2020): 9110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10249110.
Анотація:
Accurate modeling of tire characteristics is one of the most challenging tasks. Many mathematical models can be used to fit measured data. Identification of the parameters of these models usually relies on least squares optimization techniques. Different researchers have shown that the proper selection of an initial set of parameters is key to obtain a successful fitting. Besides, the mathematical process to identify the right parameters is, in some cases, quite time-consuming and not adequate for fast computing. This paper investigates the possibility of using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to reliably identify tire model parameters. In this case, the Pacejka’s “Magic Formula” has been chosen for the identification due to its complex mathematical form which, in principle, could result in a more difficult learning than other formulations. The proposed methodology is based on the creation of a sufficiently large training dataset, without errors, by randomly choosing the MF parameters within a range compatible with reality. The results obtained in this paper suggest that the use of ANN to directly identify parameters in tire models for real test data is possible without the need of complicated cost functions, iterative fitting or initial iteration point definition. The errors in the identification are normally very low for every parameter and the fitting problem time is reduced to a few milliseconds for any new given data set, which makes this methodology very appropriate to be used in applications where the computing time needs to be reduced to a minimum.
8
Mancosu, F., R. Sangalli, F. Cheli, G. Ciarlariello, and F. Braghin. "A Mathematical-physical 3D Tire Model for Handling/Comfort Optimization on a Vehicle: Comparison with Experimental Results." Tire Science and Technology 28, no. 4 (October 1, 2000): 210–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2136001.
Анотація:
Abstract A new 3D mathematical-physical tire model is presented. This model considers not only the handling behavior of the tire but also its comfort characteristics, i.e., the dynamic properties in the lateral and the vertical planes. This model can be divided into two parts, the structural model and the contact area model. The structural parameters are identified by comparison with frequency responses of a 3D finite element model of the tire, whereas the contact parameters are directly calculated with a finite element model of the tread pattern. The 3D physical model allows predicting both steady state and transient behavior of the tire without the need of any experimental tests on the tire. The steady state analysis allows obtaining the friction circle diagram, i.e., the plot of the lateral force against the longitudinal force for different slip angles and for longitudinal slip, and the Gough plot, i.e., the diagram of the self-aligning torque versus the lateral force. The transient analysis allows obtaining the dynamic behavior of the tire for any maneuver given to the wheel. Among its outputs there are the relaxation length and the dynamic forces and torque transmitted to the suspension of the vehicle. Combining the tire model with the vehicle model it is possible to perform any kind of maneuver such as overtaking, changing of lane and steering pad at growing speed with or without braking, or accelerating. Therefore the 3D tire model can be seen as a powerful tool to optimize the tire characteristics through a sensitivity analysis performed with tire and vehicle models linked to each other without the need of building prototypes. Some preliminary comparisons with experimental data have been carried out.
9
Miller, C., P. Popper, P. W. Gilmour, and W. J. Schaffers. "Textile Mechanics Model of a Pneumatic Tire." Tire Science and Technology 13, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): 187–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2150994.
Анотація:
Abstract A mathematical model to analyze the structural behavior of a pneumatic tire is described. The model consists of a series of unidirectional layers of tire cord bonded together in a contoured shape to form a laminated structure. The number of cord layers and the properties and orientation of the cords in each layer can be varied to represent various sections such as the belt and sidewall of a radial construction. The model includes only membrane stresses, but permits large deformations and geometric rearrangement of the cords. Inputs to the model include the initial uninflated tire geometry (mold shape), properties and arrangement of cords and rubber, and the applied load distribution. Model outputs include shape, cord tension distributions, and interply shear stresses. A selection of results from the model are presented for a particular radial tire, and a comparison is made between the calculated and experimentally observed shapes. The results are interpreted in terms of the fundamental mechanical behavior of the system.
10
Gorelov, V. A., and A. I. Komissarov. "Mathematical Model of the Straight-line Rolling Tire – Rigid Terrain Irregularities Interaction." Procedia Engineering 150 (2016): 1322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.309.
11
Singh, Kanwar Bharat, and Saied Taheri. "Piezoelectric Vibration-Based Energy Harvesters for Next-Generation Intelligent Tires." Tire Science and Technology 41, no. 4 (October 1, 2013): 262–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.13.410404.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Because of access limitations inside the tire, the use of batteries for sensor nodes embedded inside an intelligent tire is not practical. The high vibration levels inside a tire have the potential to generate electrical power using vibration-based energy-harvesting techniques. In this article, the feasibility of using an inertial vibrating energy harvester unit to power a sensor module for tire use is assessed. To predict the electrical power output of the generator, a generic analytical model based on the transfer of energy within the system has been derived. The vibration measurements taken from the test conducted using accelerometers embedded in the tire have been applied as an excitation to the model to predict the power output for a device of suitable dimensions and to study the feasibility of this concept. For the tire applications, a special compact harvester design has been proposed that is able to withstand large shocks and vibrations. Suitable mathematical models for different harvester configurations have been developed to identify the best configuration suited for use inside a tire. The harvester unit demonstrates power generation over a wide speed range and provides a distinct advantage in cost and flexibility of installation while extending the lifetime of the power supply for sensor data acquisition and communication. Results indicate the viability of the procedure outlined in the article.
12
Curtosi, Gabriel N., Pablo N. Zitelli, and Jorge Kuster. "Viscoelastic Material Calibration Procedure for Rolling Resistance Calculation." Tire Science and Technology 47, no. 3 (July 1, 2019): 232–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.19.170157.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT As tire engineers, the authors are interested in predicting rolling resistance using tools such as numerical simulation and tests. When a car is driven along, its tires are subjected to repeated deformation, leading to energy dissipation as heat. Each point of a loaded tire is deformed as it completes a revolution. Most energy dissipation comes from the cyclic loading of the tire, which causes the rolling resistance in addition to the friction force in the contact patch between the tire and road. Rolling resistance mainly depends on the viscoelastic energy dissipation of the rubber materials used to manufacture the tires. To obtain an accurate amount of dissipated energy, a good understanding of the material mathematical model and its behavior is mandatory. For this reason, a calibration procedure was developed. To obtain a good method for calculating rolling resistance, it is necessary to calibrate all rubber compounds of the tire at different temperatures and strain frequencies. Thus, to validate the calibration procedure, simulations were performed to evaluate the error between the tests and models at material sample and tire levels. For implementation of the calibration procedure in the finite element models of rolling tires, a procedure is briefly described that takes into account the change in properties caused by the temperature during the simulations. Linear viscoelasticity is used to model the properties of the materials and is found to be a suitable approach to tackle energy dissipation due to hysteresis for rolling resistance calculation.
13
Kikuuwe, Ryo. "A Brush-Type Tire Model with Nonsmooth Representation." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (December 17, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9747605.
Анотація:
This paper proposes a brush-type tire model with a new mathematical representation. The presented model can be seen as a generic model that describes the distributed viscoelastic force and Coulomb-like friction force, which are balancing each other at each point, in the contact patch. The model is described as a partial differential algebraic inclusion (PDAI), which involves the set-valuedness to represent the static friction. A numerical integration algorithm for this PDAI is derived through the implicit Euler discretization along both space and time. Some numerical comparisons with Magic Formula and a LuGre-based tire model are presented. The results show that, with appropriate choice of parameters, the proposed model is capable of producing steady-state characteristics similar to those of Magic Formula. It is also shown that the proposed model realizes a proper static friction state, which is not realized with a LuGre-based tire model.
14
Chong, B. W., R. Othman, P. J. Ramadhansyah, S. I. Doh, and Xiaofeng Li. "Mathematical modelling of concrete compressive strength with waste tire rubber as fine aggregate." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 8344–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.3.2021.12.0656.
Анотація:
With the increasing number of vehicle due to the boom of population and rapid modernisation, the management of waste tire is growing problem. Reusing grinded tire rubber in concrete is a green innovation which provide an outlet for reusing waste tire. While providing certain benefits to concrete, incorporation of tire rubber results in significant loss of concrete compressive strength which hinders the potential of rubberised concrete. This paper aims to develop mathematical models on the influence of tire rubber replacement on the compressive strength of concrete using design of experiment (DoE). 33 data sets are gathered from available literature on concrete with waste tire rubber as partial replacement of fine aggregate. Response surface methodology (RSM) model of rubberised concrete compressive strength shows great accuracy with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9923 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.368. Regression analysis on the strength index of rubberised concrete shows that rubberised concrete strength loss can be expressed in an exponential function of percentage of replacement. The strength loss is attributed to morphology of rubber particles and the weak bonds between rubber particles and cement paste. Hence, tire rubber replacement should be done sparingly with proper treatment and control to minimise concrete strength loss.
15
Seipel, Gunther, Frank Baumann, Ralf Hermanutz, and Hermann Winner. "Analysis of the Influence of Vehicle Dynamic Parameters on Tire Marks." Tire Science and Technology 41, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 196–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/tire.13.410302.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Tire marks play a central role in the reconstruction of traffic accidents, since they can provide valuable information about the vehicle's trajectory, initial speed, or the steering and braking input of the driver. The research project described in this paper focuses on the analysis of tire marks under controlled conditions using a monowheel setup to enable a selective variation of different vehicle dynamic parameters without mutual influence. The long-term goal is to find a model for the development of tire marks to predict the influence of specific vehicle dynamic parameters on the generation of tire marks. This model may be applied in accident reconstruction tools. A literature review has been performed to find evidence for the development of tire marks and to identify relevant parameters for their generation. Currently, no explicit physical or mathematical model showing the influence of tire forces or slip on the generation of tire marks is available. In the literature, it is often assumed that tire marks occur at the limit of traction. A physically motivated formula has been developed to calculate the friction force within the contact patch as a function of the tire forces, the longitudinal slip, and the side slip angle. The main hypothesis deduced from this formula is that the intensity of a tire mark depends on the magnitude of this friction force independent of the varying parameter. To verify this hypothesis, experiments have been conducted with variations in longitudinal slip, side slip angle, and tire type. First results agree with the model, showing a correlation between the intensity of tire marks and friction force, depending on the tribological and optical tire and road properties. This correlation is introduced as tire-marking sensitivity.
16
Nanthakumar, A. J. D., Debopriyo Baisya, and Saksham Shrivastava. "Development of mathematical model for real time estimation and comparison of individual lateral tire force generation." Materials Today: Proceedings 45 (2021): 6755–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.12.665.
17
Bobo, S. N. "Fatigue Life of Aircraft Tires." Tire Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (October 1, 1988): 208–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2148807.
Анотація:
Abstract A study was conducted to determine if a safe upper service limit can be set for aircraft tires, based on an operation profile of the aircraft using the tires. The study consisted of three parts: development of a tire heating model, experimental confirmation, and determination of tire degradation as a function of time at temperature. Three operational profiles were identified: long, intermediate, and short haul; these stressed tires in different ways. The mathematical model, which calculated temperature as a function of time for various axial and lateral forces at different speeds, was developed and confirmed by experiment. It predicted the time at temperature of the hottest part of a tire that is exposed to the operating environment of the profiles. The impact of heating was found from a determination of ply adhesion as a function of time at temperature. The end of tire life was judged to occur when ply adhesion was degraded by 50%.
18
Arslan, M. Selçuk. "A Hysteresis-Based Steering Feel Model for Steer-by-Wire Systems." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/2313529.
Анотація:
A mathematical model of steering feel based on a hysteresis model is proposed for Steer-by-Wire systems. The normalized Bouc-Wen hysteresis model is used to describe the steering wheel torque feedback to the driver. By modifying the mathematical model of the hysteresis model for a steering system and adding custom parameters, the availability of adjusting the shape of steering feel model for various physical and dynamic conditions increases. Addition of a term about the tire dynamics to the steering feel model renders the steering wheel torque feedback more informative about the tire road interaction. Some simulation results are presented to establish the feasibility of the proposed model. The results of hardware-in-the-loop simulations show that the model provides a realistic and informative steering feel.
19
Porkhalov, V. F., and B. M. Petrov. "Construction of a mathematical model of the complex for the manufacture of tire cases." Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 22, no. 5 (May 1986): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01150298.
20
Popper, P., C. Miller, D. L. Filkin, and W. J. Schaffers. "A Simple Model for Cornering and Belt-edge Separation in Radial Tires." Tire Science and Technology 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2148765.
Анотація:
Abstract A mathematical analysis of radial tire cornering was performed to predict tire deflections and belt-edge separation strains. The model includes the effects of pure bending, transverse shear bending, lateral restraint of the carcass on the belt, and shear displacements between belt and carcass. It also provides a description of the key mechanisms that act during cornering. The inputs include belt and carcass cord properties, cord angle, pressure, rubber properties, and cornering force. Outputs include cornering deflections and interlaminar shear strains. Key relations found between tire parameters and responses were the optimum angle for minimum cornering deflections and its dependence on cord modulus, and the effect of cord angle and modulus on interlaminar shear strains.
21
Belluzzo, D., F. Mancosu, R. Sangalli, F. Cheli, and S. Bruni. "New Predictive Model for the Study of Vertical Forces (up to 250 Hz) Induced on the Tire Hub by Road Irregularities." Tire Science and Technology 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 2–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135245.
Анотація:
Abstract A physical model has been developed in order to study the forces induced on the tire by road irregularities. It works in a range of frequencies 0–250 Hz, i.e. up to frequencies that are felt by the passengers as noise and vibrations, but it can be easily improved to 400 Hz. The model can resolve road irregularities with wavelength greater than 5 cm (pavement megatexture). The parameters of this model have been identified by comparison with special virtual tests performed on a 3D finite element model of the tire, i.e. without using any experimental data. Once built, the model can be used to analyze the forces transmitted by the tire to the vehicle while passing over various pavement textures for testing both the tire-vehicle system and the pavement textures. Since the model doesn't require any experimental data, it can be used to predict the dynamical characteristics of tires which haven't been built yet, speeding up the optimization process of tires under development. Due to its characteristics, this model appears to be a powerful tool for a joint analysis of vehicle and tire, but it would require vehicle models with a similar frequency response range, currently not reported in literature. Comparisons with the results of indoor cleat tests and with measurements on a test car with an instrumented wheel hub have shown that the mathematical model reproduces with good accuracy the behavior of the tire in the frequency range of interest.
22
Alexa, Octavian, Marin Marinescu, Marian Truta, Radu Vilau, and Valentin Vinturis. "Analyzing the Interdependence between a 4x4 Automobile’s Slip and the Self-Generated Torque within its Transmission." Advanced Materials Research 1036 (October 2014): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1036.529.
Анотація:
This paper presents an analysis that aims at identifying the interdependence between the wheels slip and the self-generated torque that occurs at the inter-axle level of a 4x4 automobiles driveline. We consider that this paper has a high degree of novelty since it succeeds in establishing causality relationships between different automotive typical parameters. Moreover, the paper provides the specific mathematical, theoretical equations as well as an example of a generalized mathematical model derived from time or frequency analysis.The theoretical mathematical elements consist of terms referring to the rigid wheels kinematics and specific working conditions of the vehicle when it runs with tire radii differences at the inter-axle level. To achieve the goal of our work we developed a large experimental research work that involved an extended instrumentation of an all-wheel driven military vehicle in such a manner that allowed getting information concerning different shafts torque and angular speed. The vehicle has transfer case, involving a longitudinal differential. The tests were developed with the locking device of the differential working in the engaged mode. Aiming at revealing the connection between the tire radii and the self-generated torque, we have subjected the vehicle to different tire radii running modes. The rolling radius of the wheels that were on the same axle was the same. The bigger the tire radii difference the bigger the self-generated torque; hence the interdependence started to reveal itself as far as the tire slip also followed the behavior of the self-generated torque. In order to determine the wheels slip we also measured the vehicles speed with a GPS. The results are graphically presented.Following the results of the data processing stage, we concluded that the interdependence between wheels slip and the self-generated torque exists and a relationship between these two phenomena can be mathematically expressed, using a generalized model. We consider that a kind of model like this proves its utility in simulating similar conjectures; thus, the experimental research effort can be significantly reduced either by lacking either in torque measuring or wheels slip measuring. Such a determination could have a positive impact by optimizing the vehicle exploitation or even its modernization.
23
Shao, Ya Jun, Qin He Gao, and Hong Jie Cheng. "Research on Vibration Model of Special Vehicle Based on Dual-Mass System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 385-386 (August 2013): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.385-386.89.
Анотація:
Taking a special vehicle vibration system as the research object, according to the actual structure of the chassis, the spring damping and stiffness of the nonlinear characteristics and the tire vertical elastic accounted, a nonlinear vibration model of special vehicle based on dual-mass-system is set up. The tire radial stiffness value is analyzed in Ansys, a simulation is performed by leading the mathematical model of suspension system into Adams, a characteristic curve of stiffness and damping of suspension system is obtained.
24
Chen, Huang Ming, and Kong Hui Guo. "Research on the Effects of Tires on the Vehicle Handling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 744–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.744.
Анотація:
It is very important for vehicle handling to match right tires. Mechanics characteristic test is done for the different type tire, the mathematical model is set up according to test data. A dynamic model of vehicle is set up to study the effect of tire performance to vehicle handling stability. Vehicle dynamic response is researched on sinusoidal input of the steering wheel angle. Linear fitting of vehicle dynamic response is done in linear region. According to the difference between the simulation value and linear fitting, different tires are rated.
25
Efimov, A., S. Kireev, M. Korchagina, and A. Lebedev. "Mathematical model of the vehicle taking into account the turn and reduction of tire friction." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 918 (October 7, 2020): 012161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/918/1/012161.
26
Louis, Lawrence, and Dieter Schramm. "Nonlinear State Estimation of Tire-Road Contact Forces Using a 14 DoF Vehicle Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 165 (April 2012): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.165.155.
Анотація:
The knowledge of the wheel forces is fundamental to the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) such as Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and Anti-Roll Control (ARC). However the direct measurement of the wheel forces has been very difficult. To overcome this drawback, it has been a common practice in the industry to estimate the forces at the tire-road contact using mathematical vehicle models and estimators, especially the Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). In this contribution, the performance of the EKF is evaluated using a complete spatial model with 14 degrees of freedom.
27
McGinty, R. D., T. B. Rhyne, and S. M. Cron. "Analytical Solution for the Stresses Arising in +/− Angle Ply Belts of Radial Tires." Tire Science and Technology 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 244–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2999704.
Анотація:
Abstract Stresses arising in the belts of radial ply tires, particularly those at the belt edge, are known to be critical to tire durability. Belt edge stresses are commonly calculated using finite element (FE) methods that provide estimates of the levels but do not necessarily give significant insight into the underlying mechanics. In contrast, analytical models can provide physical insight into the mechanisms affecting tire durability but are currently incomplete due to the challenges faced in obtaining closed-form mathematical solutions. Nevertheless, analytical solutions remain important to tire design and development because they can expose the entire design space, show the mathematical relationships between the variables, and allow rapid parameter studies. This work develops an analytical description of the belt deformations and stresses, particularly at the belt edge. The formulation captures all the first-order mechanics pertinent to finite width, antisymmetric +/− angle belt packages present in radial tires. It incorporates interply shear stresses already recognized in the literature and adds to that a new mechanism controlling the interaction of the plies via a Poisson effect. The analytical model is validated by comparison to FE simulations and is also contrasted with a classical analytical model in the literature. The design space for the belt composite is then explored by parameter variation. Finally, since all these solutions depend on homogenization of the belt layers, the analytical solution is compared to a FE model of discrete cables embedded in rubber to explore the accuracy of the homogenization step.
28
Lupker, H., F. Cheli, F. Braghin, E. Gelosa, and A. Keckman. "Numerical Prediction of Car Tire Wear." Tire Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (July 1, 2004): 164–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2186780.
Анотація:
Abstract Due to their many economic and ecological implications, the possibility to predict tire wear is of major importance to tire manufacturers, fleet owners and governments. Based on these observations, in 2000, a three-year project named TROWS (Tire and Road Wear and Slip assessment) was started. One of the TROWS objectives is to provide a tool able to numerically predict tire global wear as well as to qualitatively determine the wear distribution. The proposed methodology combines a mathematical model of the tire with an experimentally determined local friction and wear law. Thus, tire abrasion due to each single maneuver can be determined. Full-scale experimental tests were carried out with two Peugeot 406 cars on a public road course in Italy. Each car was equipped with a different set of tires: one car was equipped with four all-season tires (from now on called A tires) and the other car was equipped with four winter tires (from now on called B tires). Both sets of tires had a 195/65 R15 size. The collected data was used to validate the model. The methodology proved to give qualitatively good tire wear predictions.
29
Wei, Y. T., Z. H. Tian, and X. W. Du. "A Finite Element Model for the Rolling Loss Prediction and Fracture Analysis of Radial Tires." Tire Science and Technology 27, no. 4 (October 1, 1999): 250–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135987.
Анотація:
Abstract With the development of tire mechanics and computer technology, tire deformation, rolling resistance, and temperature distribution under rolling conditions may be predicted accurately through finite element analysis (FEA). Deep knowledge of tire fracture and failure behavior may also be obtained by FEA. During the past years, an in-house finite element program has been developed in our research laboratory which can analyze the tire deformation, stress, and strain under the static inflation and footprint load conditions and can predict the tire rolling resistance and temperature distribution as well. This paper gives a brief description of the mathematical and mechanical foundations of the developed FEA code and the computing procedures, emphasizing the tire material loss model and the calculation procedure of strain energy release rate in tire fracture analysis. Two characteristics of the presented model compared with the published literature are the three-dimensional anisotropic properties included in the loss model of cord-rubber materials and a new VCCT (Virtual Crack Closure Technique), which is simple and physically direct, saves on the amount of computation, and is developed to compute the fields of strain energy release rates (Serrs) in the crack front to analyze tire fracture behavior.
30
Glasko, A. V., and L. G. Sadykhova. "A Mathematical Model of Mental Time." Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology 46, no. 2 (December 18, 2015): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11055-015-0214-5.
31
Crnoja, Andjelko. "Panels made from recycled tire-application of linear model to test the tensile force." Croatian Regional Development Journal 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/crdj-2021-0001.
Анотація:
Abstract Background: Number of used tires is increasing every day and the accumulation of such waste is a serious problem in terms of environmental protection and in terms of delay and deposition (End-of-LifeTires, 2019). Over the last twenty years the study of new ways to use products from recycled tires has been intensified. When developing new products, it is important to investigate how certain properties of the materials used change. According to the available literature, different variants of material composition and processing approaches have been investigated (Kowalska, Chmielewski, Guleira & Dutta, 2017; Zaoiai, Makani, Tafraoui & Benmerioul, 2015). Objectives: The aim of this work, based on the evaluation of an experiment using a mathematical model, is to determine the required structure of the material. The possibility and correctness of using the linear model was determined. Methods/Approach: The experiment was conducted to check the magnitude of the deformation depending on the stress. Results: Based on the obtained results, the accuracy of the applied linear model and the influence of individual factors on the results of the experiment were evaluated. Conclusions: Mathematical linear model estimation refers to the determination of quantitative parameters in the structure of a material. If the required deformation is defined or acceptable, other material parameters can be determined with some accuracy.
32
Wach, Wojciech, and Jakub Zębala. "Striated Tire Yaw Marks—Modeling and Validation." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 17, 2021): 4309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144309.
Анотація:
Tire yaw marks deposited on the road surface carry a lot of information of paramount importance for the analysis of vehicle accidents. They can be used: (a) in a macro-scale for establishing the vehicle’s positions and orientation as well as an estimation of the vehicle’s speed at the start of yawing; (b) in a micro-scale for inferring among others things the braking or acceleration status of the wheels from the topology of the striations forming the mark. A mathematical model of how the striations will appear has been developed. The model is universal, i.e., it applies to a tire moving along any trajectory with variable curvature, and it takes into account the forces and torques which are calculated by solving a system of non-linear equations of vehicle dynamics. It was validated in the program developed by the author, in which the vehicle is represented by a 36 degree of freedom multi-body system with the TMeasy tire model. The mark-creating model shows good compliance with experimental data. It gives a deep view of the nature of striated yaw marks’ formation and can be applied in any program for the simulation of vehicle dynamics with any level of simplification.
33
Wang, Qiang, and Li Jiang. "Bearing Grounding Mechanical Properties of Engineering Vehicle Retreaded Tire." E3S Web of Conferences 198 (2020): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202019801026.
Анотація:
In this study, a multivariate composite layer model, computer geometry models, contact pair models, finite element analysis (FEA) models, and bearing grounding mechanical property test system were constructed. FEA and experimental study on the bearing grounding mechanical properties of retreaded tires of engineering vehicles were processed. Therefore, features and rules of load grounding pressure, load grounding mark, load grounding area, load grounding coefficient, and load grounding hardness coefficient of retreaded tires under the static grounding working condition were summarized, from which load-bearing grounding mathematical models of 26.5R25 engineering vehicle retreaded tire were constructed. Analysis results show that the grounding pressure at the tread center of grounding pressure and grounding friction, which increased along the tire width and rolling direction at different degrees, were the smallest under the static grounding working condition. The shape of the earthing marks turned from circular to elliptical, and then close to the rectangle with the load increase, and finally into an approximate saddle shape. When the tire pressure was certain, the earthing area increased gradually with the increasing load and the increasing trend was nonlinear. The ground pressure and grounding force on the tire shoulder of the engineering re-treaded tire was the largest, which could be damaged easily.
34
Revenko, V. Yu, S. S. Frolov, A. N. Tkachenko, and A. B. Ivanov. "Refined method for determining the current agricultural machinery tire wearing surface area." Machinery and Equipment for Rural Area, no. 7 (July 26, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33267/2072-9642-2021-7-10-15.
Анотація:
It has been established that the predictive assessment of the level of impact on the soil of tractors and agricultural machines is based on the calculation of the specific pressure equal to the ratio of the vertical load to the propeller contact surface area. A mathematical model is proposed that has been developed based on the results of field tests of a large number of samples of agricultural tires. The adequacy of the model was assessed using the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient.
35
Loo, M. "A Model Analysis of Tire Behavior Under Vertical Loading and Straight-Line Free Rolling." Tire Science and Technology 13, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2150989.
Анотація:
Abstract A structural analog, consisting of a flexible circular ring under tension with a nest of radially arranged linear springs and dampers, is developed as a pneumatic tire model. The model is concerned with the prediction of the tire's vertical load-deflection characteristics and its free rolling resistance. The mathematical formulation of the boundary of the model's region of contact with a smooth hard surface is based on approximations made using the theory of a tensioned string supported by an elastic foundation. Forces developed within the contact region are computed from geometrical considerations. The model's ring tension and radial foundation stiffnesses, as related to the tire's inflation pressure, are obtained experimentally by performing contact patch length measurements and static point-load tests on the specific tire modeled. Further, by prescribing a loss factor in the radial dampers, the model's free rolling resistance characteristics may be computed. Experimental verification conducted on a radial tire shows general agreement between the predicted and experimental vertical load-deflection characteristics for the normal working range of inflation pressure, deflection, and interacting surface curvature. The predicted rolling resistance characteristics are also found to be in good accord with experimental measurements.
36
O. N., Arunkumar, Divya D., and Tony Mathew. "Goal Programming Model for Optimizing Working Capital Management: Case of Tire Retreading Company." Journal of Operations and Strategic Planning 1, no. 2 (November 4, 2018): 148–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2516600x18801435.
Анотація:
This article discusses goal programming model for optimizing working capital management (WCM) of a tire manufacturing company. The mathematical model is run for the years 2008–2009 to 2012–2013 and values of the respective goals are taken from it. The validation for the model values with the actual values from the financial data are carried out to check the significance of the model values. The significance test is carried out in one sample t-test. It is observed that all the values got from the model are significant. The sales of the company for the year 2013–2014 is forecasted from the past data by linear regression using Microsoft Excel as a trend line. The model is used to 2analyze the values of variables of WCM for the year 2013–2014 to achieve a 30 percent return on assets (ROA) for the forecasted sales.
37
Raup, David M. "Mathematical models of cladogenesis." Paleobiology 11, no. 1 (1985): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300011386.
Анотація:
The evolutionary pattern of speciation and extinction in any biologic group may be described by a variety of mathematical models. These models provide a framework for describing the history of taxonomic diversity (clade shape) and other aspects of larger evolutionary patterns. The simplest model assumes time homogeneity: that is, speciation and extinction probabilities are constant through time and within taxonomic groups. In some cases the homogeneous model provides a good fit to real world paleontological data, but in other cases the model serves only as a null hypothesis that must be rejected before more complex models can be applied. In cases where the homogeneous model does not fit the data, time-inhomogeneous models can be formulated that specify change, regular or episodic, in speciation and extinction probabilities. An appendix provides a list of the most useful equations based on the homogeneous model.
38
Хафизов, Камиль, Kamil Khafizov, Рамиль Хафизов, Ramil Khafizov, Азат Нурмиев, Azat Nurmiev, Ильгиз Галиев, and Ilgiz Galiev. "THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF CREATING A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF TRACTOR TRACTION EFFICIENCY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 14, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5db9748fc053c2.28431294.
Анотація:
To identify the main parameters of the tractor - its mass, engine power, wheel diameter and its profile width (four-parameter optimization) using the optimization criterion - the total energy costs (taking into account the energy of the crop lost due to the non-optimality of these parameters), it is necessary to have a mathematical model for calculation of engine power through the traction coefficient of performance of the tractor. The traction efficiency of the tractor is calculated through f is the coefficient of resistance to rolling of the tractor wheel and d is the coefficient of slipping of the tractor wheel. An analysis of the applied theory developed by previous researchers showed that the values f and d depend on the weight of the tractor coming to one wheel G, the diameter D and the width of the profile of the wheel B, the pressure in its tires ρw, the hardness of the soil H, the effort on the tractor hook Pkp and its speed V. During the analysis, it was found that the larger the diameter of the wheel, the width of the tire profile, the less the vertical load on the wheel and the pressure in the tires, the less the resistance to rolling the wheel over the soil being compacted. It is concluded that the study of the nature of the change in the coefficient of resistance to rolling wheels f and their slipping d from the above factors must be carried out jointly, because they influence each other. The absence of acceptable mathematical dependences for calculating the indicated coefficients, with the simultaneous action of all identified factors, leads to the need for a seven-factor experiment to identify the dependencies f =j (G, D, b, ρw, H, Ркр, V) and δ =ψ (G, D, b, ρw, H, Ркр, V), which is very difficult in operating conditions, therefore, using the similarity theory, it is necessary to reduce the number of factors in the experiment to four.
39
Dehghani, Dana, Azli Yahya, Nor Hisham Khamis, and Ali Idham Alzaidi. "EDM process through mathematical model." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 874. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i2.pp874-881.
Анотація:
<span>EDM is a well-established hole machining option with various advantages due to non-contact characteristics of the process. However, knowledge about the process is not enough for its more improvements. Exprimenal studies are costly and time consuming because of the complex nature of process. Therefore, process modeling is a good alternative to reduce the experimental expense related to the technology. This paper studys EDM process through mathematical model, which includes the precise insight into the interactive behavior of EDM system. The ignition, discharge and recovery phases of the model have been developed through MATLABs time domain analysis. Simulation result shows good agreement with expected profile of EDM spark. To verify the model, simulated material removal rates (MRRs) from series of simulation are compared with the experimental ones reported by previous researcher. Ability of the model to predict the dynamic behavior profile of the EDM system is successfully confirmed by low average percentage error in predicting MRR.</span>
40
BOCCARA, NINO. "VOTERS' FICKLENESS: A MATHEMATICAL MODEL." International Journal of Modern Physics C 21, no. 02 (February 2010): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012918311001494x.
Анотація:
This paper presents a spatial agent-based model in order to study the evolution of voters' choice during the campaign of a two-candidate election. Each agent, represented by a point inside a two-dimensional square, is under the influence of its neighboring agents, located at a Euclidean distance less than or equal to d, and under the equal influence of both candidates seeking to win its support. Moreover, each agent located at time t at a given point moves at the next timestep to a randomly selected neighboring location distributed normally around its position at time t. Besides their location in space, agents are characterized by their level of awareness, a real a ∈ [0, 1], and their opinion ω ∈ {-1, 0, +1}, where -1 and +1 represent the respective intentions to cast a ballot in favor of one of the two candidates while 0 indicates either disinterest or refusal to vote. The essential purpose of the paper is qualitative; its aim is to show that voters' fickleness is strongly correlated to the level of voters' awareness and the efficiency of candidates' propaganda.
41
Beltrami, Edward. "A Mathematical Model of the Brown Tide." Estuaries 12, no. 1 (March 1989): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1351445.
42
Godfrey, K. R. "A Mathematical Model for Time-Varying Pharmacokinetics." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 21, no. 1 (April 1988): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)57541-2.
43
Khan, Faisal I., and S. A. Abbasi. "Mathematical model for HAZOP study time estimation." Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 10, no. 4 (July 1997): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0950-4230(97)00010-7.
44
Gevertz, Jana L., Stanley M. Dunn, and Charles M. Roth. "Mathematical model of real-time PCR kinetics." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 92, no. 3 (2005): 346–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.20617.
45
Zeng, Xian Kui, Shu Hong Zhao, Na Ren, Dong Wang, and Chang He Yang. "Study of the Mathematical Model for Online Predicting Dispersion on the Rubber Open Mill." Key Engineering Materials 561 (July 2013): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.561.91.
Анотація:
Using the intelligent open mill mixing experimental platform, in the light of the all-steel radial tire tread formula, according to the experimental results and using regression analysis method and analysis software, we completed the establishment of the dispersion mathematical model about the open mill rubber. And through the inspection and verification of the model, we know that the multiple correlation coefficient of the model was 0.773 and the level of significance of the t-statistic and F-statistic are less than 0.01, also the absolute error between the predicted value of this model and the measured value is less than 0.7. It shows that the model is quite significant and can be applied.
46
Ji, Jie, Yun Wu Li, and He Peng. "Effects of Driveline and Tire Model on the Performance of Active Differential: Modeling and Simulation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 97-98 (September 2011): 771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.97-98.771.
Анотація:
An active differential is introduced with its basic structure and working principle, it consists of a couple of slip clutches for torque transfer and some planetary gears which generate the differential speeds of the slip clutches. A mathematical model of active differential dynamics is developed and it is used for a theoretical analysis of torque transfer and energy loss. Modeling and simulation of the active differential are carried out by using MATLAB/Simulink, the results demonstrate that active differential generates the direct yaw moment by torque transfer between right and left tires and is possible to improve the overall performance of vehicle dynamics properties.
47
Olds, T. S., K. I. Norton, and N. P. Craig. "Mathematical model of cycling performance." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 2 (August 1, 1993): 730–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.2.730.
Анотація:
A model of cycling performance is presented. The model is based on equating two expressions for the total amount of work performed. One expression is deduced from biomechanical principles deriving energy requirements from total resistance. The other models the energy available from aerobic and anaerobic energy systems, including the effect of oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise. The equation can then be solved for any of the variables. Empirically derived field and laboratory data were used to assess the accuracy of the model. Model estimates of 4,000-m individual pursuit performance times showed a correlation of 0.803 (P < or = 0.0001) with times measured in 18 high-performance track cyclists, with a mean difference (predicted--measured) of 4.6 s (1.3% of mean performance time). The model enables estimates of the performance impact of alterations in physiological, biomechanical, anthropometric, and environmental parameters.
48
Xu, Nan, Konghui Guo, Xinjie Zhang, and Hamid Reza Karimi. "An Analytical Tire Model with Flexible Carcass for Combined Slips." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/397538.
Анотація:
The tire mechanical characteristics under combined cornering and braking/driving situations have significant effects on vehicle directional controls. The objective of this paper is to present an analytical tire model with flexible carcass for combined slip situations, which can describe tire behavior well and can also be used for studying vehicle dynamics. The tire forces and moments come mainly from the shear stress and sliding friction at the tread-road interface. In order to describe complicated tire characteristics and tire-road friction, some key factors are considered in this model: arbitrary pressure distribution; translational, bending, and twisting compliance of the carcass; dynamic friction coefficient; anisotropic stiffness properties. The analytical tire model can describe tire forces and moments accurately under combined slip conditions. Some important properties induced by flexible carcass can also be reflected. The structural parameters of a tire can be identified from tire measurements and the computational results using the analytical model show good agreement with test data.
49
Tsai, Wen-Hsien. "Carbon Taxes and Carbon Right Costs Analysis for the Tire Industry." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 2121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082121.
Анотація:
As enterprises are the major perpetrators of global climate change, concerns about global warming, climate change, and global greenhouse gas emissions continue to attract attention, and have become international concerns. The tire industry, which is a high-pollution, high-carbon emission industry, is facing pressure to reduce its carbon emissions. Thus, carbon prices and carbon trading have become issues of global importance. In order to solve this environmental problem, the purpose of this paper is to combine mathematical programming, Theory of Constraints (TOC), and Activity-Based Costing (ABC) to formulate the green production decision model with carbon taxes and carbon right costs, in order to achieve the optimal product mix decision under various constraints. This study proposes three different scenario models with carbon taxes and carbon right used to evaluate the effect on profit of changes in carbon tax rates.
50
Stutts, D. S., W. Soedel, and S. K. Jha. "Fore-Aft Forces in Tire-Wheel Assemblies Generated by Unbalances and the Influence of Balancing." Tire Science and Technology 19, no. 3 (July 1, 1991): 142–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2141713.
Анотація:
Abstract When measuring bearing forces of the tire-wheel assembly during drum tests, it was found that beyond certain speeds, the horizontal force variations or so-called fore-aft forces were larger than the force variations in the vertical direction. The explanation of this phenomenon is still somewhat an open question. One of the hypothetical models argues in favor of torsional oscillations caused by a changing rolling radius. But it appears that there is a simpler answer. In this paper, a mathematical model of a tire consisting of a rigid tread ring connected to a freely rotating wheel or hub through an elastic foundation which has radial and torsional stiffness was developed. This model shows that an unbalanced mass on the tread ring will cause an oscillatory rolling motion of the tread ring on the drum which is superimposed on the nominal rolling. This will indeed result in larger fore-aft than vertical force variations beyond certain speeds, which are a function of run-out. The rolling motion is in a certain sense a torsional oscillation, but postulation of a changing rolling radius is not necessary for its creation. The model also shows the limitation on balancing the tire-wheel assembly at the wheel rim if the unbalance occurs at the tread band.