Дисертації з теми "Mécanismes de densification"
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Olivi-Tran, Nathalie. "Simulations numériques des mécanismes de densification des aérogels de silice." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20171.
Повний текст джерелаCollet, Romaric. "Mécanismes de consolidation et de densification de poudres de cuivre lors d'un frittage SPS." Thesis, Dijon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DIJOS049/document.
Повний текст джерелаSpark plasma sintering is a manufacturing process that leads to dense materials with fine microstructures. SPS combines heating and uniaxial load as well as the Hot Pressing (HP) process but the material is heated using a pulsed current. The phenomena occurring during SPS are not fully understood and are still an open point: -Which densification and consolidation mechanisms are involved during SPS? -Why is sintering by SPS more efficient than sintering by traditional ways such as HP? –Does electrical current modify the sintering mechanisms? The aim of this work is to answer these questions in the case of spherical copper powder (from 10 to 50 µm). Comparisons between SPS and HP were performed using the same process conditions. The densification rate was studied macroscopically and microscopically. The evolution of the necks between particles was followed by cross sections and fractography. The densification is realized by plastic deformation due to the applied load and the temperature increase. No difference between SPS and HP was observed although sintering conditions favorable to the occurrence of specific phenomena were applied: oxide layer coating the particles, current forced through the sample, high intensity using a pulsed current. In the studied conditions, no specific effect was observed due to the current presence
Tetard, Florent. "Frittage du carbonate de calcium : mécanismes de densification et de grossissement des grains : Elaboration d'une biocéramique." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO0003.
Повний текст джерелаLu, Thanh-Chi. "Structure superficielle des poudres de superalliages base nickel et mécanismes intervenant au cours de la densification." Paris, ENMP, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ENMP0074.
Повний текст джерелаLarché, Jean-François. "Détermination des mécanismes de dégradation physico-chimique de vernis automobiles dans le but de prévoir leur durabilité." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22075.
Повний текст джерелаIt is well known that under environmental stresses impact (light, temperature,water, ...), car paints properties (color, gloss, ...) deteriorate. Improving clearcoats performance over time is one of the most important issues that car manufacturers have to solve. This necessitates an important research activity. The main objectives of this thesis were to study the mechanisms of photoageing of crosslinked polymers (acrylic-melamine and acrylic-urethane) from the molecular (chemical structure of the polymer) to the macroscopic scale (functional properties of the material). The study of the influence of individual stress (light,water, ...) independently each from other has allowed us to understand the behavior of the material under natural conditions where all these stresses overlap. We have demonstrated that the photoageing of clearcoats leads to the degradation of the chemical function formed along with the crosslinking process. We have observed that this results in a significant network densification, leading to the appearance of cracking when a threshold of internal stresses is reached. We have also demonstrated a close relationship between the degradation mechanism, the hardness values and the time required for cracks appearance. Based on comparisons between natural and artificial ageing, acceleration factors were calculated to predict clearcoats service life from an accelerated ageing
Pavia, Anthony. "Études fondamentales pour la compréhension des mécanismes de densification des matériaux par la technologie Spark Plasma Sintering." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1882/.
Повний текст джерелаThe fast sintering technology 'spark plasma sintering" (SPS) allows to consolidate and densify nanostructured materials with increased kinetics compared to conventional sintering techniques, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The study focused on the densification and reactivity of metal or ceramic materials (Al2O3, Mn and CoAl2O4). The application in the isothermal regime of the densification kinetic equation developed to describe hot pressing sintering revealed the limitations of this model and the need of its improvement for SPS treatments. Possible improvements have been proposed in this direction. The development of a specific instrumentation allowed to better understand the real thermal and electrical conditions undergone by samples having different electrical conductivity properties, and to define relevant electrical values for the determination of Joule heating. The realization of a finite element model confirms the results obtained experimentally
Guyon, Julien. "Évolution des microstructures et mécanismes de densification d'un alliage TiAl lors du frittage par Spark Plasma Sintering." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0244/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on the microstructure evolution of a TiAl alloy during sintering by a process called Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The initial powders, elaborated by atomization, consist primarily of a metastable phase. The transformations of the return to equilibrium of the latter during heating are finely characterized using SEM, TEM and EBSD. These phase transformations are then used as a thermal indicator during the SPS densification to estimate the thermal and mechanical gradients. The densification mechanisms responsible for the neck formation and the origins of the microstructure heterogeneities of fully densified samples are discussed. A comparison between the densification mechanisms and the final microstructures of a milled powder and a no milled powder is showed. Finally, the effect of the application of a dynamic stress during the compaction using an original process is presented
Ndiaye, Abibatou. "Combustible nucléaire UO2 à microstructures pilotées : compréhension des mécanismes d'élaboration et du comportement mécanique en température." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00848094.
Повний текст джерелаKherici, Amar. "Contribution à l'étude des mécanismes de densification en compression isostatique à chaud : simulations et essais sur des empilements de fils." Poitiers, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002POIT2336.
Повний текст джерелаHot isostatic pressing (H. I. P. ) is a forming and consolidating process for metallic or ceramic powders, specially used when a complete elimination of residual pores must be achieved. This study is devoted to the mechanisms which control the densification following a methodological approach based on the comparison between experimental measures and simulations. In order to overcome some difficulties related to the geometrical description of random granular media, we have recourse to a modelling material such as regular wire packings, which also allow unbiased measures of the contact width or the pore size using image analysis methods. The different contributions to densification (plastic deformation, creep, boundary diffusion) have been modelled and an algorithm was carried out in order to calculate the resulting densification curves according to the CIC parameters and the various physical and mechanical arameters being in the equations. The comparison between previsions and results of real tests shows that time depending mechanisms (creep, diffusion) could lead to a strong contribution to densification during the pressurizing and the heating steps of C. I. C. Cycles, that was generally neglected in previous simulations. The results show what parameters which must be known with a maximum precision to avoid potentially large disagreements between measures and previsions. The boundary diffusion contribution at wire contacts have been valuated in comparing results obtained for pure iron wires and those for coated iron wires with a thin copper layer. Finally, the results allow to envisage some improvements for simulations related to C. I. C. Densification of granular packings
Trzaska, Zofia. "Etude des mécanismes activés par SPS dans un alliage TiAl et dans le système Ag-Zn." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30311/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study reports on the densification mechanisms in metallic systems by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. In this emerging powder metallurgy process, the powder is densified under pressure in presence of electric current pulses of high intensity. The sintering kinetics being much faster than that of the conventional techniques, many studies aim at exploring the potentially original mechanisms involved. Thus, sparks and plasma between powder particles, local overheating phenomena, electromigration and electroplasticity mechanisms, are postulated to occur during densification by SPS. In this study, electric conductors, TiAl and Ag-Zn, have been selected to evidence such effects. Focused ion beam lift-outs of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) thin foils at the necks between TiAl powder particles showed the absence of overheating in these zones, and that the plasticity mechanisms identified were classical. Comparisons with the classical hot pressing technique showed no acceleration of these mechanisms by the current. Model studies of deformation at high temperature of bulk samples indicated that, in the thermomechanical conditions of solicitation of the powder particles, plasticity occurred by mechanisms of twinning, glide and climb of the dislocations, accompanied by dynamic recovery and recrystallization, and that the resulting kinetics was controlled by volume diffusion of Al. Finally, electromigration studies in Ag-Zn diffusion couples showed that currents, even very intense, did not have an effect on diffusion mechanism. These results, showing no electromigration and no specific phenomena at the necks between the powder particles, provide decisive answers about the controversial SPS densification mechanisms
Guillard, François. "Densification des carbures de silicium et de zirconium par un procédé innovant : le spark plasma sintering." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30178.
Повний текст джерелаMaterials research for suitable utilization in IVth generation nuclear plants needs new ways to densify testing components. Two carbides, silicon and zirconium carbide seems to be the most suitable choice due to their mechanical, thermal and neutron-transparency properties against next nuclear plant specifications. Nevertheless one main difficulty remains, which is densifying them even at high temperature. Spark Plasma Sintering a new metal-, ceramic- and composite-sintering process has been used to densify both SiC and ZrC. Understanding bases of mass transport mechanisms in SPS have been studied. Composites and interfaces have been processed and analyzed. This manuscript reports original results on SiC and ZrC ceramics sintered with commercial powder started, without additives
Viers, Lucas. "Approche des mécanismes de frittage non conventionnel et des propriétés spectroscopiques de céramiques transparentes dopées holmium pour des lasers émettant dans le moyen infrarouge." Thesis, Limoges, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIMO0012.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the development of transparent ceramics for high power laser applications in the mid-infrared for the medical field and gas detection. The studied compound is lutetium oxide Lu2O3, which exhibits better thermomechanical properties than YAG. The luminescence ion is the Ho3+ ion, with main light emission around 2.1 μm. Lu2O3:Ho ceramic powders are produced by the chemical route of co-precipitation, from commercial oxide powders judiciously chosen for their purity. A calcination study is carried out to determine the best thermal conditions in order to have powders with the most homogeneous particle size, and therefore good sinterability. A study of the effect of the ionic radius of a co-dopant (Sc3+, Y3+, Gd3+) is also carried out, using dilatometric analyzes under vacuum and SPS. A study of the mechanisms of densification by Spark Plasma is performed on a nanoscale powder by using two approaches of the creep equation during pressure-assisted sintering. Knowledge of the evolution of these mechanisms during heat treatment allows the best adaptation of the application of temperature and stress profiles in future tests, thus allowing laser quality samples to be obtained. These transparent samples are studied with transmission measurements and then in photoluminescence spectroscopy in order to highlight the different electronic transitions and possible relaxations at high doping rates. The data obtained for Lu2O3:Ho are compared to YAG:Ho, the current reference material. In parallel, laser gain measurements were performed on YAG: Ho ceramics
Pintault, Bruno. "Réalisation par métallurgie des poudres d'alliages à base cuivre associant plusieurs modes de durcissement : études des mécanismes de densification des poudres et du comportement plastique de divers alliages expérimentaux." Poitiers, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991POIT2307.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Lucie. "Approche du frittage et du co-frittage de matériaux céramiques et métalliques pour l'élaboration par le procédé d'impression jet d'encre de composants magnétiques." Limoges, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIMO4005.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the study of the sintering of ceramic and metallic materials to allow their co-sintering for the development of a magnetic component shaped by ink-jet printing. The study and understanding of the sintering of the dielectric material (composed of silica) with or without additives such as TiO2, Bi2O3, ZnO relied on the in situ characterizations by ESEM and XRD of the phase transformations, the mechanisms of densification occurring during the heat treatment. It has been shown that these additives could act either as former or modifier of the vitreous silica network and lead to large variations in the crystallization température and densification. The densification kinetics and shrinkage amplitude of the dielectric, conductive and magnetic materials are very different, several improvement possibilities were advocated for their co-sintering: doping of the conductive material, calcination température of the magnetic material. . . . These solutions allowed the élaboration of bimaterial components shaped by ink-jet printing with designs close to the one of the final component
Lesturgez, Grégory. "Densification des sols sableux sous culture mécanisée : cas du Nord-Est Thaïlandais." Nancy 1, 2005. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2005_0008_LESTURGEZ.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis focuses on sandy soils of Northeast Thailand. A compact and resistant layer developed at low depth is a main constraint for agriculture. The thesis follows a sequence of studies that investigates (i) the physical properties of these soils in various situation natural or cultivated, (ii) the main mechanisms explaining the different physical states recorded and (iii) the research of methods for rehabilitation of damaged soils. Results highlighted the aeolian origin of the soils. This origin gives them a striking textural homogeneity and unique mechanical characteristics. Very sensitive to compaction, they collapse at low water content and under low mechanical pressure. Conventional tillage practices are not suitable as they induce structural instability. However alternative techniques as slotting or biological drilling are efficient
Reuge, Nicolas. "Modélisation globale de l'infiltration chimique en phase vapeur (CVI) et étude de la chimie du dépôt de pyrocarbone en CVD/CVI." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003765.
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