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1
Deshaies, Yves. "Plasma lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides and lipoprotein lipase activity in epididymal white adipose tissue of rats fed high sucrose or high corn oil diets." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 64, no. 7 (July 1, 1986): 885–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y86-153.
Анотація:
The present study was undertaken to compare plasma lipoprotein lipid composition, as well as white adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity, in rats fed purified diets high in either sucrose or corn oil. The experimental diets (65% of calories as sucrose or corn oil, 15% as the opposite nutrient, and 20% as casein) were given ad libitum for 4 weeks. An additional group was fed a nonpurified diet as a reference diet. Both sucrose and oil diets were spontaneously consumed in isocaloric amounts by the animals. Despite energy intakes that were 35% lower than that of the reference group, the sucrose and oil groups exhibited final body weights that were only 6 and 9% lower, respectively, than that of the reference group, and accumulated more fat in the epididymal depots. Postprandial as well as fasting total cholesterol levels were similar in the sucrose and oil groups, while the high-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol ratio was highest in the animals fed corn oil. In both the fasted and fed states, plasma total triglyceride levels were 73% higher in the sucrose group than in the corn oil group. The largest triglyceride differences due to diet were observed in the chylomicron + very-low-density lipoprotein fraction. The oil-fed rats accumulated large amounts of triglycerides in their livers. Postprandial lipoprotein lipase activity in epididymal adipose tissue was almost twice as high in the sucrose group as in the oil group. In the fasting state, but not in the fed state, plasma insulin levels correlated negatively with plasma triglycerides and positively with liver triglyceride content, whereas no relationship was observed between insulin and lipoprotein lipase activity in either fasted or fed animals. From the present findings, it appears that the sucrose-induced hypertriglyceridemia was not partly caused by decreased activity of lipoprotein lipase in white adipose tissue. Finally, this study suggests that the level of circulating insulin following intake of sucrose or corn oil may not determine per se the extent of stimulation of white adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase by these nutrients.
2
Ellis, G. S., S. Lanza-Jacoby, A. Gow, and Z. V. Kendrick. "Effects of estradiol on lipoprotein lipase activity and lipid availability in exercised male rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 77, no. 1 (July 1, 1994): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.77.1.209.
Анотація:
The effects of 17 beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (10 micrograms.0.1 ml sunflower oil-1 x 100 g body wt-1) and exercise on tissue lipid content and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity were determined in male rats. Estradiol administration significantly (P < 0.05) increased fatty acid contents of resting adipose, plasma, and white and red vastus muscle tissues and red vastus muscle triacylglycerol. Adipose and plasma fatty acids and red and white vastus muscle triacylglycerol were significantly higher in exercised estradiol-administered animals than in exercised oil-administered animals. Estradiol administration significantly reduced resting adipocyte LPL activity by 71% and increased myocardial LPL activity by 96%. After exercise, red vastus LPL activity was significantly increased by 76% in estradiol-administered animals compared with oil-administered animals. Ratios of red vastus to adipose LPL activity and myocardial to adipose LPL activity at rest and after exercise were significantly greater in estradiol-administered than in oil-administered animals. Estradiol administration significantly increased the ratio of white vastus to adipose LPL activity of exercised animals. These data indicate that estradiol increases the availability of lipid substrate to exercising muscle from multiple sources, including adipose, plasma, and intracellular muscle triacylglycerol. The absolute increases in muscle LPL activity, combined with a greater ratio of muscle to adipose LPL activity, lead to increased distribution of plasma triacylglycerol-derived fatty acids toward muscle.
3
Kendrick, Z. V., and G. S. Ellis. "Effect of estradiol on tissue glycogen metabolism and lipid availability in exercised male rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 5 (November 1, 1991): 1694–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.5.1694.
Анотація:
The effect of 17 beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (10 micrograms.0.1 ml sunflower oil-1.100 g body wt-1) on exercise performance, tissue glycogen utilization, and lipid availability was determined in male rats. In experiment 1, estradiol or oil was administered 1 h or 1–6 days before a treadmill run to exhaustion. No differences in body weight between oil- and estradiol-administered animals were observed during the 6-day treatment. Animals receiving estradiol for 3–6 days ran significantly longer and completed more work than oil-administered animals. Significant degradation of red and white vastus muscle, myocardial, and liver glycogen was observed in all animals run to exhaustion. In experiment 2, animals were administered estradiol for 5 days and then run for 2 h. The submaximal run for 2 h significantly reduced tissue glycogen content in red and white vastus muscle, heart, and liver of oil-administered animals. The latter effect was attenuated in both vastus muscles, liver, and myocardial tissues in the estradiol-administered animals. Estradiol administration significantly increased plasma fatty acids and lowered plasma lactate during the submaximal run. These data indicate that when body weight remained constant between groups of male rats, estradiol administration for 3–6 days increased exercise performance. Furthermore, estradiol administration for 5 days resulted in greater lipid availability and less tissue glycogen utilization during submaximal running for 2 h.
4
Malinowski, Jennifer M., and Kimberly Metka. "Elevation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Concentration with Over-the-Counter Fish Oil Supplementation." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 41, no. 7-8 (July 2007): 1296–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1h695.
Анотація:
Objective: To report a case of elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration in a patient taking fish oil supplements for hypertriglyceridemia. Case Summary: A 63-year-old white woman had been taking 2.7 g of eico-sapentaenotc acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) daily in 9 g of over-the-counter (OTC) fish oil capsules for triglyceride lowering. Prior to the adverse event, she had baseline fasting triglyceride (TG) and LDL-C concentrations of 278 mg/dL and 106 mg/dL, respectively. After 6 weeks of treatment with fish oil, fasting TG levels decreased by 47.5% (-132 mg/dL) and the LDL-C increased by 75% (+80 mg/dL). Discontinuation of therapy for 6 weeks resulted in TG returning to high concentrations (334 mg/dL; +56 mg/dL change from baseline) and LDL-C decreasing toward baseline (143 mg/dL; +37 mg/dL change from baseline). Discussion: Fish oil, an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, consists of EPA and DHA. EPA and DHA are thought to inhibit the synthesis of triglycerides in the liver. Type IV dyslipidemic patients may develop increased LDL-C levels while taking fish oil to lower triglycerides due to possible down-regulation of the LDL-C receptor in hepatic cells and formation of larger LDL particles. Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicates a probable relationship between elevations in LDL-C from baseline and initiation of fish oil treatment for hypertriglyceridemia. It is unknown whether any component within this particular product could have contributed to such an unusual elevation in LDL-C. Conclusions: This case documents a much higher LDL-C elevation associated with OTC fish oil supplementation than has been previously identified in the literature. Healthcare providers should be advised that LDL-C levels may increase with use of OTC fish oil and should monitor patients periodically for such elevations. The significance of this Increase on clinical outcomes is not known.
5
Rooney, T. P., Z. V. Kendrick, J. Carlson, G. S. Ellis, B. Matakevich, S. M. Lorusso, and J. A. McCall. "Effect of estradiol on the temporal pattern of exercise-induced tissue glycogen depletion in male rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 75, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 1502–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1993.75.4.1502.
Анотація:
The effect of 17 beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (10 micrograms.01 ml of sunflower oil-1 x 100 g body wt-1) on the temporal pattern of exercise-induced tissue glycogen depletion and tissue lipid availability during submaximal treadmill running was determined in male rats. Animal were administered estradiol or oil for 5 days and were then time matched for motorized treadmill running for 30, 60, 90, or 120 min. Significant depletion of liver, soleus muscle, and red and white vastus lateralis muscle tissue glycogen occurred in oil-administered animals run between 30 and 120 min. The greatest extent of tissue glycogen depletion occurred during the first 30 min of exercise with the rate of glycogen depletion slowing between 30 and 120 min of exercise. Administration of estradiol attenuated the temporal pattern of glycogen depletion in both liver and muscle tissues. Significant depletion of red and white vastus glycogen of estradiol-administered animals did not occur until 90 and 120 min of exercise, respectively. Administration of estradiol significantly increased resting plasma free fatty acids and red and white vastus triacylglycerol content. These data indicate that estradiol administration for 5 days resulted in significant glycogen sparing of liver and muscle tissues during submaximal treadmill running for up to 120 min by altering the temporal pattern of glycogen depletion of male rats secondary to an estradiol-mediated increase in availability of lipid substrate during exercise.
6
Volovik, Valentina. "WHITE MUSTARD — MEANING, APPLICATION." Adaptive Fodder Production 2020, no. 2 (August 14, 2020): 41–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2020-2-41-67.
Анотація:
A review of the literature on the significance, biological features, and use of white mustard is presented.
White mustard is one of the most precocious crops of the cabbage family. It is used as a forage and sideral crop. It has a large yield of green mass, is unpretentious in cultivation, it can be used from early spring to late autumn. When sown as an intermediate crop, white mustard plants in the early flowering phase contain 21–25% protein, 24–27% fiber in the dry matter; the nutritional value of 1 kg of dry matter is 0.7–0.8 feed units. Great preceding crop, phytomeliorant and phytoremediate soil, improves the physical properties of soils. It is used in multicomponent mixtures for green fodder and as a supporting crop in mixed agrocenoses with legumes, and is increasingly used as a cover crop for perennial grasses. The oil is used in the food industry and for biofuel production. Seeds, cake and meal are used in the medical, cosmetic, food, chemical industries, have herbicidal and insecticidal properties when used in biological agriculture. White mustard is characterized by such positive economic signs, as the resistance to cracking of pods, the early blight, heat stress, insect pests and nematodes; used in distant hybridization with rapeseed spring with the aim of improving rapeseed on a number of sings. For 2020, 19 varieties of white mustard are allowed to be used, 4 of them are foreign, and 5 varieties are declared as non-erucic. The variety of white mustard Lugovskaya, created in the Federal Research Center "VIK named after V.R. Williams", is used for forage and sideration purposes both in the main and in intermediate crops. The vegetation period in the Center Non-Chernozem zone is from 78 to 92 days. Seed yield from 1.94 to 2.35 t/ha, yield of green mass when sown in spring from 19.9 to 23.4 t/ha, dry matter – from 2.5 to 3.9 t/ha.
7
Weber, Sandra, Karola Schrag, Gerd Mildau, Thomas Kuballa, Stephan G. Walch, and Dirk W. Lachenmeier. "Analytical Methods for the Determination of Mineral Oil Saturated Hydrocarbons (MOSH) and Mineral Oil Aromatic Hydrocarbons (MOAH)—A Short Review." Analytical Chemistry Insights 13 (January 1, 2018): 117739011877775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1177390118777757.
Анотація:
Mineral oils (such as paraffinum liquidum or white oil), which consist of mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons (MOSH) and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons (MOAH), are widely applied in various consumer products such as medicines and cosmetics. Contamination of food with mineral oil may occur by migration of mineral oil containing products from packaging materials, or during the food production process, as well as by environmental contamination during agricultural production. Considerable analytical interest was initiated by the potential adverse health effects, especially carcinogenic effects of some aromatic hydrocarbons. This article reviews the history of mineral oil analysis, starting with gravimetric and photometric methods, followed by on-line-coupled liquid chromatography with gas chromatography and flame ionization detection (LC-GC-FID), which still is considered as gold standard for MOSH-MOAH analysis. Comprehensive tables of applications in the fields of cosmetics, foods, food contact materials, and living organisms are provided. Further methods including GCxGC-MS methods are reviewed, which may be suitable for confirmation of LC-GC-FID results and identification of compound classes. As alternative to chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has recently been suggested for MOSH-MOAH analysis, especially with the possibility of detecting only the toxicologically relevant aromatic rings. Furthermore, NMR may offer potential as rapid screening especially with low-field instruments usable for raw material control.
8
AlMotwaa, Sahar M., Mayson H. Alkhatib, and Huda M. Alkreathy. "Hepatotoxic and hematotoxic effects of sage oil-loaded ifosfamide nanoemulsion in Ehrlich ascites carcinomabearing mice." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 1205–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i6.9.
Анотація:
Purpose: To investigate the hepatotoxic and hematotoxic effects of sage oil-loaded ifosfamide (IFO) nanoemulsion (NE) in Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC)-bearing mice.
Methods: Ifosfamide (IFO) was loaded into a NE containing sage oil, and its hepatotoxic and hematotoxic effects were assessed in EAC-bearing mice. Female Swiss albino mice (n = 50) weighing 25 - 30 g (mean weight = 27.5 ± 2.50 g) were randomly assigned to five groups of ten mice each. With the exception of group 1, the mice were inoculated intraperitoneally (i.p.) with 2.5 × 106 EAC/mouse for 48 h. Group I served as negative control, C (-); group II served as positive control, C (+); while groups III - V were treated i.p. with 60 mg/kg IFO in 0.3mL water (free-IFO); 0.3 mL NE (SAGE-NANO), and 60 mg/kg IFO in 0.3 mL SAGE-NANO (SAGE-IFO), respectively. The treatments were administered for three days.
Results: Treatment with 60 mg/kg bwt IFO (free-IFO) significantly elevated the activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT, p < 0.05). However, subsequent treatment with SAGE-IFO significantly reduced the activity of these liver enzymes (p < 0.05). The concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as the activities of catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) significantly increased, while malondialdehyde (MDA) level decreased significantly in SAGE-IFO group, when compared with free-IFO group (p < 0.05). Treatment with SAGE-IFO significantly restored white blood cell (WBC) count and platelet levels which were altered by free-IFO (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that loading IFO in sage oil-NE greatly reduces its hepatotoxicity and hematotoxicity.
9
Yagyeshwar Malhotra, Parul Uppal Malhotra, Neera Ohri, and Anindita Mallik. "An Absurd Concept of Self-Medication: A Case of Oral Chemical Burn." International Healthcare Research Journal 4, no. 6 (September 20, 2020): 151–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26440/ihrj/0406.09222.
Анотація:
A chemical burn is seen in oral cavity after a noxious agent is placed in direct contact with the mucosa as a mode of self treatment or iatrogenically by dentist. Mild lesions due to less irritating agents result in mild alteration in texture, while more severe lesions (soreness to outright pain) are due to more irritating agents and because of agents of longer duration of contact. Commonly used chemicals used by patients for tooth pain are aspirin which is placed next to the offending tooth and OTC preparations. The essential oil based preparations are easily available in pharmacies or are prepared by local people. These medicaments can harm a patient if not used under medical or ayurvedic supervision as they have beneficial plant extracts, essential oils etc. A case of such self inflicted chemical burn of the oral mucosa is reported due to use of clove oil preparation available locally, used with varying amount and frequency. History of using over the counter medicaments for dental ailment should be asked when patients visit the dentist with complains of burning or white patch in mouth.
10
Peachman, Kristina K., Qin Li, Gary R. Matyas, Sathish B. Shivachandra, Julie Lovchik, Rick C. Lyons, Carl R. Alving, Venigalla B. Rao, and Mangala Rao. "Anthrax Vaccine Antigen-Adjuvant Formulations Completely Protect New Zealand White Rabbits against Challenge with Bacillus anthracis Ames Strain Spores." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 1 (November 16, 2011): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05376-11.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTIn an effort to develop an improved anthrax vaccine that shows high potency, five different anthrax protective antigen (PA)-adjuvant vaccine formulations that were previously found to be efficacious in a nonhuman primate model were evaluated for their efficacy in a rabbit pulmonary challenge model usingBacillus anthracisAmes strain spores. The vaccine formulations include PA adsorbed to Alhydrogel, PA encapsulated in liposomes containing monophosphoryl lipid A, stable liposomal PA oil-in-water emulsion, PA displayed on bacteriophage T4 by the intramuscular route, and PA mixed withEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin administered by the needle-free transcutaneous route. Three of the vaccine formulations administered by the intramuscular or the transcutaneous route as a three-dose regimen induced 100% protection in the rabbit model. One of the formulations, liposomal PA, also induced significantly higher lethal toxin neutralizing antibodies than PA-Alhydrogel. Even 5 months after the second immunization of a two-dose regimen, rabbits vaccinated with liposomal PA were 100% protected from lethal challenge with Ames strain spores. In summary, the needle-free skin delivery and liposomal formulation that were found to be effective in two different animal model systems appear to be promising candidates for next-generation anthrax vaccine development.
11
Giamarellos-Bourboulis, Evangelos J., Helen Poulaki, Nikolaos Kostomitsopoulos, Ismene Dontas, Despina Perrea, Panayotis E. Karayannacos, and Helen Giamarellou. "Effective Immunomodulatory Treatment of Escherichia coli Experimental Sepsis with Thalidomide." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, no. 8 (August 2003): 2445–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.8.2445-2449.2003.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Thalidomide, an agent which inhibits biosynthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and which is used to treat a variety of chronic inflammatory conditions, was investigated as therapy for experimental sepsis. Sepsis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 107 CFU of Escherichia coli per kg of body weight to 80 Wistar rats divided into four groups. Group A consisted of 24 control animals that did not receive any pretreatment, group B consisted of 18 vehicle-treated control animals pretreated with seed oil, group C consisted of 30 rats administered thalidomide diluted in seed oil at a dose of 50 mg/kg 30 min before bacterial challenge, and group D consisted of eight animals that were not challenged with E. coli but that were used for white blood cell count determination. Sepsis was determined by measurement of vital signs before and 6 h after bacterial challenge. After 6 h the animals were killed and blood was sampled for culture; white blood cell count determination; and determination of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide), TNF-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and IL-6 levels. The levels of these cytokines were also estimated in the supernatants of human monocytes pretreated with thalidomide after exposure to the isolate. Sepsis developed in all vehicle-treated control animals and controls by 6 h after bacterial challenge but in only 10 animals (33.3%) pretreated with thalidomide (P < 0.0001). Six hours after bacterial challenge all animals had similar levels of endotoxemia, IL-1β, and IL-6. The mean white blood cell count for groups A, B, and C were 5,631.1, 2,638.9, and 8,169.3 cells/μl, respectively (P value between groups, <0.0001); the TNF-α levels were 77.3, 107.2, and 26.1 pg/ml, respectively (P values between groups, <0.0001). Pretreatment of human monocytes with thalidomide prevented the secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β but not that of IL-6. It is concluded that thalidomide exerts a considerable anti-inflammatory effect by preventing evolution to sepsis and by decreasing the level of production of TNF-α and therefore deserves to be further evaluated in research for the therapy of sepsis.
12
Ramadhan, Mukhallad Abdul Kareem, Abbas Najee Balasm, Sanaa Basher Kadhem, and Haider Faleh Al-Saedi. "Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Healing of Third-Degree Burns Infected with Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Laboratory Mice." Macedonian Veterinary Review 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2020-0032.
Анотація:
Abstract The treatment of full-thickness skin burn using nanomaterials is promising as a medical application reducing the risk of infection and severe dermal scarring. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of nanomaterials, particularly 3% silver nanoparticles containing ointment (3% SNO), on the full-thickness skin burn of laboratory mice. A total number of 36 male mice were used, equally divided into three groups: negative control (not burned and not treated); positive control (+ve) (burned and treated with castor oil and white petroleum jelly); and SNO-treated group (burned and treated with 3% SNO). The skin of the animals’ back was shaved. A 2x0.5 cm metal plate was heated on a burner to burn the skin of the animals of positive control and SNO-treated groups. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial suspension was applied to the burnt area. The application of SNO, as well as the mixture of white petroleum jelly and castor oil, was started after 6 hours of inducing burns and continued for 14 days (three times daily) in the respected groups. The SNO-treated group showed accelerated healing within 14 days demonstrated by re-epithelialization of the epidermal layer and proliferation of the fibroblasts in the dermal layer. Less healing evidence was observed in the +ve control group in the same period. In conclusion, to our knowledge, this is the first study that uses a 3% SNO formula and has found that it has a promising impact on the treatment of infected skin burns.
13
Hossain, M., D. S. Park, M. S. Rahman, S. J. Ki, Y. R. Lee, K. M. Imran, D. Yoon, J. Heo, T. J. Lee, and Y. S. Kim. "Bifidobacterium longum DS0956 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus DS0508 culture-supernatant ameliorate obesity by inducing thermogenesis in obese-mice." Beneficial Microbes 11, no. 4 (August 12, 2020): 361–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/bm2019.0179.
Анотація:
Excessive body fat and the related dysmetabolic diseases affect both developed and developing countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the beneficial role of a bacterial culture supernatant (hereafter: BS) of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium and their potential mechanisms of action on white-fat browning and lipolysis. For selection of four candidates among 55 Lactic acid producing bacteria (LAB) from human infant faeces, we evaluated by Oil Red O staining and Ucp1 mRNA quantitation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The expression of browning and lipolysis markers was examined along with in vitro assays. The possible mechanism was revealed by molecular and biological experiments including inhibitor and small interfering RNA (siRNA) assays. In a mouse model, physiological, histological, and biochemical parameters and expression of some thermogenesis-related genes were compared among six experimental groups fed a high-fat diet and one normal-diet control group. The results allow us to speculate that BS treatment promotes browning and lipolysis both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the BS may activate thermogenic programs via a mechanism involving PKA-CREB signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. According to our data, we can propose that two LAB strains, Bifidobacterium longum DS0956 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus DS0508, may be good candidates for a dietary supplement against obesity and metabolic diseases; however, further research is required for the development as dietary supplements or drugs.
14
Faber, Joyce, Marloes Berkhout, Arjan P. Vos, John W. C. Sijben, Philip C. Calder, Johan Garssen, and Ardy van Helvoort. "Supplementation with a Fish Oil-Enriched, High-Protein Medical Food Leads to Rapid Incorporation of EPA into White Blood Cells and Modulates Immune Responses within One Week in Healthy Men and Women." Journal of Nutrition 141, no. 5 (March 23, 2011): 964–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/jn.110.132985.
15
Rivas, Daniel, Rahima Akter та Gustavo Duque. "Inhibition of Protein Farnesylation Arrests Adipogenesis and Affects PPARγExpression and Activation in Differentiating Mesenchymal Stem Cells". PPAR Research 2007 (2007): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/81654.
Анотація:
Protein farnesylation is required for the activation of multiple proteins involved in cell differentiation and function. In white adipose tissue protein, farnesylation has shown to be essential for the successful differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes. We hypothesize that protein farnesylation is required for PPARγ2 expression and activation, and therefore for the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into adipocytes. MSCs were plated and induced to differentiate into adipocytes for three weeks. Differentiating cells were treated with either an inhibitor of farnesylation (FTI-277) or vehicle alone. The effect of inhibition of farnesylation in differentiating adipocytes was determined by oil red O staining. Cell survival was quantified using MTS Formazan. Additionally, nuclear extracts were obtained and prelamin A, chaperon protein HDJ-2, PPARγ, and SREBP-1 were determined by western blot. Finally, DNA binding PPARγactivity was determined using an ELISA-based PPARγactivation quantification method. Treatment with an inhibitor of farnesylation (FTI-277) arrests adipogenesis without affecting cell survival. This effect was concomitant with lower levels of PPARγexpression and activity. Finally, accumulation of prelamin A induced an increased proportion of mature SREBP-1 which is known to affect PPARγactivity. In summary, inhibition of protein farnesylation arrests the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs and affects PPARγexpression and activity.
16
Harrison, Holt, Pattison, and Elton. "Who and How Many People Are Taking Herbal Supplements? A Survey of 21923 Adults." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 74, no. 3 (May 1, 2004): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831.74.3.183.
Анотація:
Background: There is little information on the number and characteristics of adults taking herbal supplements and the relationship of this with other health and lifestyle factors. These were examined in the current study. Methods: Information on herbal supplement use and health and lifestyle characteristics was obtained by postal questionnaire, sent to a sample of the adult population in Northwest England. Results: In summer 2001, 70.5% (15,465/21,923) of questionnaires were returned. The mean age of responders was 49.8 years (SD 17.57) and 45.2% (6,986/15,465) were men. The percentage taking at least one herbal supplement was 12.8% (1,987/15,465). Users of herbal supplements were more likely to be younger, female, white, and to own their home. Herbal supplement use was not strongly associated with any health and lifestyle variables examined. Weak associations were found with physical activity, psychiatric caseness, and use of prescribed medications. The most common herbal supplement was evening primrose oil, taken by 7.7% (1,186/ 15,465) of respondents (12.7% of women and 1.1% of men). Conclusions: More than one in ten adults were taking herbal supplements, with evening primrose oil, the most common supplement, used mainly by women. Individual characteristics such as age, sex, ethnicity, and social class influenced the use of herbal supplements, but there was no evidence that this substituted for conventional medical care. The evidence base to support some popular herbal supplements is weak. Large well-designed trials are needed to quantify the value of herbal supplements to health and well-being.
17
Kendrick, Z. V., C. A. Steffen, W. L. Rumsey, and D. I. Goldberg. "Effect of estradiol on tissue glycogen metabolism in exercised oophorectomized rats." Journal of Applied Physiology 63, no. 2 (August 1, 1987): 492–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1987.63.2.492.
Анотація:
The effect of both physiological and pharmacological doses of estradiol on exercise performance and tissue glycogen utilization was determined in oophorectomized estradiol-replaced (ER) rats. Doses of beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (0.02, 0.04, 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, 4, or 10 micrograms.0.1 ml of sunflower oil-1.100 g body wt-1) were injected 5 days/wk for 4 wk. Controls were sham injected (SI). After treatment, the animals were run to exhaustion on a motorized treadmill. ER animals receiving the 0.02-microgram dose ran significantly longer and completed more total work than the SI group. ER animals receiving doses of greater than or equal to 0.04 microgram ran longer and performed more work than the 0.02-microgram group. At exhaustion, myocardial glycogen content was significantly decreased in animals that were ER with less than or equal to 0.1 microgram, whereas those replaced with doses greater than 0.1 microgram utilized significantly less glycogen. With the 10-micrograms dose no significant decrease in heart glycogen content was observed at exhaustion. A submaximal 2-h run significantly reduced glycogen content in heart, red and white portions of the vastus lateralis, and the livers of SI animals. The latter effect was attenuated in skeletal muscle and liver, and there was no effect in the hearts of the ER animals receiving 2 micrograms. These data indicate that estradiol replacement in oophorectomized rats influenced myocardial glycogen utilization during exhaustive exercise and spared tissue glycogen during submaximal exercise. These glycogen sparing effects may have contributed to the significant improvements in exercise performance observed in this study.
18
Wang, Mengxi, Yaoyao Guo, Yumeng Zhou, Wanwan Yuan, Huixia Li, Shaofeng Xiong, Kun Wang, Guohua Zeng, and Qiren Huang. "Secreted-Osteopontin Contributes to Brown Adipogenesis In Vitro via a CD44-Dependent Pathway." Hormone and Metabolic Research 51, no. 11 (July 11, 2019): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0926-3991.
Анотація:
AbstractOsteopontin (OPN), a secreted glycoprotein, is involved in various pathophysiological processes including immune response, inflammation, tumor formation, and metabolism. OPN exists in 2 forms, secreted-OPN (sOPN) and intracellular-OPN (iOPN). While they might have different biological activities, it remains largely unknown whether sOPN and iOPN induce the differentiation of brown adipocytes. To test this possibility, 3T3-L1 cells were induced by DMI induction with or without recombinant human OPN (rhOPN, 10, 50, 100, 200 μM), respectively. Meanwhile, another batch of 3T3-L1 cells were infected with Ad-GFP-ap2-OPN and followed by DMI differentiation. Subsequently, the infected cells were treated with either anti-CD44 antibody or immunoglobulin G (Ig G). Accumulation of lipid droplets was visualized by Oil red O staining and protein levels were assayed by western blotting analysis. The results showed that sOPN and not rhOPN, notably increased the accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression of brown adipocyte-related genes. Moreover, neutralization of CD44 partially abrogated the effects induced by sOPN. These data demonstrate that sOPN and not rhOPN has the capacity to induce the differentiation of white preadipocytes into brown adipocytes through a CD44-dependent mechanism. The findings might provide a potential target for sOPN to combat obesity.
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Hadnadjev-Kostic, Milica, Arpad Kiralj, and Dunja Sokolovic. "Wettability investigation of stainless steel fibers with mineral oils using the modified method for liquid penetration kinetics." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 49 (2018): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt1849053h.
Анотація:
The modified Washburn equation and the lipophilic/hydrophilic (L/H) ratio are most commonly used for the wettability characterization of fibers. Therefore, this liquid penetration method was applied for the wettability investigation of stainless steel fibers with mineral oils and the lipophilic/hydrophilic (L/H) ratio was obtained. As test liquids mineral oils and water were used. It was found that the range of L/H ratio values was vastly broad (from 1048340 to 37802) concluding that this liquid penetration method was not suitable for these particular fibers. Consequently, in this study a modified method was developed defining a novel route to filter media wettability characterization and establishing the lipophilic/lyophobic ratio (LLR). As the new reference liquid the medical, white oil was selected. By using polar mineral oils the interval of the LLR ratio for stainless steel fibers ranged from 1 to 28. It can be concluded that the suggested LLR ratio, was adequately selected as a measure of wettability for stainless steel fibers with mineral oils. The LLR ratio exponentially increased with the increase of the neutralization number and viscosity of investigated mineral oils.
20
M, Vimalan, and Antony Duraichi R. "Scientific Validation on Siddha Sashtric Polyherbal Formulation “Raasa Amirthathy Chooranam” for Tuberculosis – A Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 197–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210426.
Анотація:
Siddha medicines include 32 types of internal medicines and 32 types of external applications. Herbal drugs are given in the forms like choornam (powder), ilagam, Mathirai (tablets), thylam (oil) and mineral preparations in the form of parpam (white calcinated powder), chendooram (red in color) etc. The siddha formulation ‘Raasa amirthathy chooranam’ is a polyherbal formulation consists of 21 herbal ingredients. According to siddha literature, the ingredients in this formulation have therapeutic effects on Uzhzhurukki can be correlated with tuberculosis in modern medical science. Present review focuses on the composition, traditional uses of the Siddha sashtric polyherbal formulation “Raasa amirthathy chooranam” along with the scientific analysis of its pharmacological action. The current review provides a background for the various pharmacological actions of the ingredients of the formulation. Analyzing various research articles, the ingredients of this formulation possesses Anti tuberculosis, Anti microbial, Hepato protective, Anti inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immuno modulatory activity which will improve the symptoms of illness as well as prevent the complications of disease. This review explains the phyto constituents and pharmacological actions of each ingredients of Raasa amirthathy chooranam that has been mentioned in Vaiththiya Saarasangirakam, 1968, Page No 433 classical siddha literature. Key words: Raasa amirthathy chooranam, tuberculosis, polyherbal formulation.
21
Markworth, James F., Randall F. D'Souza, Kirsten M. M. Aasen, Sarah M. Mitchell, Brenan R. Durainayagam, Andrew J. Sinclair, Jonathan M. Peake, et al. "Arachidonic acid supplementation transiently augments the acute inflammatory response to resistance exercise in trained men." Journal of Applied Physiology 125, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00169.2018.
Анотація:
Strenuous exercise can result in skeletal muscle damage, leading to the systemic mobilization, activation, and intramuscular accumulation of blood leukocytes. Eicosanoid metabolites of arachidonic acid (ARA) are potent inflammatory mediators, but whether changes in dietary ARA intake influence exercise-induced inflammation is not known. This study investigated the effect of 4 wk of dietary supplementation with 1.5 g/day ARA ( n = 9, 24 ± 1.5 yr) or corn-soy oil placebo ( n = 10, 26 ± 1.3 yr) on systemic and intramuscular inflammatory responses to an acute bout of resistance exercise (8 sets each of leg press and extension at 80% one-repetition maximum) in previously trained men. Whole EDTA blood, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs), and skeletal muscle biopsies were collected before exercise, immediately postexercise, and at 2, 4, and 48 h of recovery. ARA supplementation resulted in higher exercise-stimulated serum creatine kinase activity [incremental area under the curve (iAUC) P = 0.046] and blood leukocyte counts (iAUC for total white cells, P < 0.001; neutrophils: P = 0.007; monocytes: P = 0.015). The exercise-induced fold change in peripheral blood mononuclear cell mRNA expression of interleukin-1β ( IL1B), CD11b ( ITGAM), and neutrophil elastase ( ELANE), as well as muscle mRNA expression of the chemokines interleukin-8 ( CXCL8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 ( CCL2) was also greater in the ARA group than placebo. Despite this, ARA supplementation did not influence the histological presence of leukocytes within muscle, perceived muscle soreness, or the extent and duration of muscle force loss. These data show that ARA supplementation transiently increased the inflammatory response to acute resistance exercise but did not impair recovery.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Daily arachidonic acid supplementation for 4 wk in trained men augmented the acute systemic and intramuscular inflammatory response to a subsequent bout of resistance exercise. Greater exercise-induced inflammatory responses in men receiving arachidonic acid supplementation were not accompanied by increased symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage. Although increased dietary arachidonic acid intake does not appear to influence basal inflammation in humans, the acute inflammatory response to exercise stress is transiently increased following arachidonic acid supplementation.
22
Prociuk, M. A., A. L. Edel, M. N. Richard, N. T. Gavel, B. P. Ander, C. M. C. Dupasquier, and G. N. Pierce. "Cholesterol-induced stimulation of platelet aggregation is prevented by a hempseed-enriched dietThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue Bridging the Gap: Where Progress in Cardiovascular and Neurophysiologic Research Meet." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 86, no. 4 (April 2008): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y08-011.
Анотація:
Hypercholesterolemia indirectly increases the risk for myocardial infarction by enhancing the ability of platelets to aggregate. Diets enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been shown to reduce the detrimental effects of cholesterol on platelet aggregation. This study investigated whether dietary hempseed, a rich source of PUFAs, inhibits platelet aggregation under normal and hypercholesterolemic conditions. Male New Zealand white rabbits were fed one of 6 dietary interventions: regular control diet (RG); control diet + 10% hempseed (HP); control diet + 10% partially delipidated hempseed (DHP); control diet + 0.5% cholesterol (OL); control diet + 0.5% cholesterol + 10% hempseed (OLHP); control diet + 5% coconut oil (CO). After 8 weeks, blood was collected to measure ADP- and collagen-induced platelet aggregation and plasma levels of fatty acids, cholesterol, and triglycerides. The hempseed-fed animals (HP and OLHP) displayed elevated plasma levels of PUFAs and a prominent enhancement in 18:3n-6 (γ-linolenic acid, GLA) levels, a unique PUFA found in hempseed. The cholesterol-supplemented groups (OL and OLHP) had significantly elevated plasma levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, but platelet aggregation was significantly augmented only in the OL group. The addition of hempseed to this diet (OLHP) normalized aggregation. The direct addition of GLA to the OL platelet samples blocked the cholesterol-induced stimulation of platelet aggregation. The results of this study demonstrate that when hempseed is added to a cholesterol-enriched diet, cholesterol-induced platelet aggregation returns to control levels. This normalization is not due to a reduction in plasma cholesterol levels, but may be partly due to increased levels of plasma GLA.
23
Daud, Nur Saadah, Achnis Jum Akbar, Eny Nurhikma, and Karmilah Karmilah. "Formulation of Snail Slime (Achatina Fulica) Anti-Acne Emulgel using Tween 80-Span 80 as Emulsifying and HPMC as Gelling Agent." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 1, no. 2 (October 10, 2018): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v1i2.369.
Анотація:
Acne is the condition of abnormal skin which is indicated by inflammation caused by the bacterial infection of Propionibacterium acnes. The natural one which can be used for the medical treatment of acne is the snail mucus (Achatina fulica). The achasin protein of it has antibacterial activity. That snail mucus was made to the emulgel form. This research has used an experimental method and the emulgel formulation used the various concentration of emulsifying agents and the gelling agent. They were Tween 80 1.76%, 2.44%, 3.12%, Span 80 2.24%, 4.06%, 5.88% and HPMC 3.5%, 4.5%, 5.5%. Other additives were propylene glycol, Methylparaben, Propylparaben, paraffin liquid, menthol, and aquadest. Those formulations were tested in physical evaluation during 4 weeks of storage in room temperature, irritation test, hedonic test, and cycling test. The organoleptic test showed that the emulgel were the milk-white color with a distinctive smell. All emulgel were homogenous, non-irritant, with emulsion type oil in water (o/w). This emulgel also met the normal skin of pH value and spread ability�s range. The emulgel viscosity shift was < 10%, with the viscosity value inversely proportional to spreadability. Formula C with 3.12% of Tween 80, 5.88% of Span 80 and 5.5% of HPMC was claimed as the most stable formula both in room temperature and after cycling test. It was also the most preferred by the panelist.
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Watts, Stephanie W., Samantha Shaw, Robert Burnett, and Anne M. Dorrance. "Indoleamine 2,3-diooxygenase in periaortic fat: mechanisms of inhibition of contraction." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 301, no. 4 (October 2011): H1236—H1247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00384.2011.
Анотація:
Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolizes l-tryptophan to l-kynurenine, promotes immunosuppression, and has been described as a consumer of superoxide. We discovered IDO expression in periaortic fat and tested the hypothesis that periarterial IDO functionally reduces agonist-induced contraction. Our model was the thoracic aorta, abdominal aorta, and superior mesenteric artery of the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Periaortic fat from the thoracic aorta stained intensely for IDO, the brown fat marker uncoupling protein-1, and oil red O as a general lipid marker. White fat around the mesenteric artery and abdominal aorta stained less for IDO; brown fat was less abundant. IDO activity (kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio via HPLC) was detected in visceral and mesenteric artery fat (ratio: ∼4) but was highest in perithoracic aortic fat (ratio: 10 ± 1.1). In isometric contractile experiments, periadventitial fat reduced ANG II-induced thoracic aortic (with fat: 34% of without fat) and mesenteric artery (with fat: 63% of without fat) maximal contraction. In contrast, periadventitial fat did not reduce agonist-induced contraction in the abdominal aorta. The IDO inhibitor 1-l-methyltryptophan (1-MT) reversed the fat-induced reduction of ANG II-induced contraction in the thoracic aorta but not in the mesenteric artery. The IDO metabolite kynurenine relaxed the thoracic aorta only at high (9 mM) concentrations, whereas the downstream metabolite quinolinic acid (1 mM) relaxed the contracted thoracic aorta (∼80%). 1-MT did not correct the reduction in basal superoxide levels observed in the presence of perithoracic aortic fat. We conclude that IDO is an enzyme active primarily in brown fat surrounding the thoracic aorta and depresses aortic contractility.
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Yusuf, Evi Silvia, Waqiah Nuryani, Ika Djatnika, Hanudin, Suhardi, and Budi Winarto. "Potensi Beberapa Fungisida Nabati dalam Mengendalikan Karat Putih (Puccinia horiana Henn.) dan Perbaikan Mutu Krisan." Jurnal Hortikultura 22, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jhort.v22n4.2012.p385-391.
Анотація:
<p>Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan patogen penting penyebab penyakit karat putih yang menimbulkan kerugian signifikan dalam budidaya krisan, baik bunga potong atau tanaman pot. Aplikasi fungisida sintetik yang sering diandalkan oleh petani dan pengusaha tidak hanya memerlukan biaya yang lebih mahal, namun juga berdampak pada kerusakan lingkungan. Oleh karena itu pemanfaatan fungisida nabati yang lebih murah dan ramah terhadap lingkungan dapat menjadi alternatif pemecahannya. Beberapa fungisida nabati seperti Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E berbahan aktif minyak atsiri cengkih, nimba, kayu manis, serai wangi, dan asam salisilat telah diproduksi dan dikomersialisasikan oleh Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat. Aplikasi fungisida tersebut diduga berpengaruh positif dalam menekan penyakit karat putih. Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keefektifan empat produk fungisida nabati tersebut dalam mengendalikan penyakit karat putih dan meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan krisan. Penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Plastik di Poncokusumo, Malang, Jawa Timur sejak Bulan Januari hingga Desember 2010. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan ialah Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana. Perlakuan yang diuji ialah 3 ml/l untuk Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E, serta 1,5 ml/l Amistartop 35 EC sebagai kontrol positif dan air sebagai kontrol negatif. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua fungisida nabati yang diuji efektif mengendalikan penyakit karat pada krisan. Perlakuan tersebut menurut uji statistik memiliki kemampuan yang sebanding dengan Amistartop. Penurunan intensitas karat putih oleh perlakuan Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, dan Amistartop berturut-turut sebesar 49; 37,74; 32,43; 29,78; dan 48,33%. Aplikasi Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, dan Sitron-E tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, diameter bunga, dan vaselife bunga. Aplikasi hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi manfaat untuk petani dan pengusaha dalam menurunkan biaya produksi serta meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan pengusaha karena harga keempat biofungisida murah dan tanpa dampak negatif terhadap kelestarian lingkungan.</p><p> </p><p>Controlling white rust disease (Puccinia horiana Henn.) on chrysanthemum with some biofungicides P. horiana Henn. is important pathogen causing white rust disease that may lead to a significant lost in chrysanthemum cultivation (both for cut flower and pot plant). Synthetic fungicide commonly applied by farmers are causing not only high production costs, but also endangering the environment. Confronting to this situation, the use of biofungicide that are considered cheaper and more environmental friendly has become a relevant and promising alternative. Several biofungicides such as Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E with active ingredient of clove oil, neem, cinnamon, citronella, and salicylic acid have been commersialized by the Indonesian Medical and Spice Crops Research Institute. In this study those biofungicides were hypothesized to have great potential in control the white rust disease. The main objective of this study was to obtain information regarding the efficacy of four biofungicides in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted at Plastichouse in Poncokusumo, Malang, East Java from January to December 2010 by using Dendranthema grandiflora cv. Swarna Kencana as planting materials. The treatments were consisted of 3 ml/l application of Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, and Sitron-E 1.5 ml/l application of difenokonazol + azoxistrobin (Amistartop 35 EC) as a positive control and water as negative control. The experiment was set up using a randomized block design with six treatments and four replications. The results showed that all tested biofungicides were quite effective in controlling white rust disease on chrysanthemum and had similar effectiveness in reducing disease intensity compared to Amistartop. Cees EC, Neem-plus, Cekam EC, Sitron-E, and Amistartop had been able to reduce the white rust disease intensity by 49; 37.74; 32.43; 29.78; and 48.33% respectively. In the meantime, those biofungicides did not show significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, flower diameter, and flower vaselife. The use of biofungicides seems potentially promising to increase farmers income because the price of biofungicides were cheap and maintain environmental sustainability.</p>
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Ramella, Alberto, Gabriella Roda, Radmila Pavlovic, Michele Dei Cas, Eleonora Casagni, Giacomo Mosconi, Francisco Cecati, Paola Minghetti, and Carlo Grizzetti. "Impact of Lipid Sources on Quality Traits of Medical Cannabis-Based Oil Preparations." Molecules 25, no. 13 (June 30, 2020): 2986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25132986.
Анотація:
The feasibility of the use of two lipid sources and their impact on the cannabinoid profile, terpene fingerprint, and degradation products in medical cannabis oil preparations during 3 months of refrigerated storage time were investigated. LCHRMS-Orbitrap® and HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS for the investigation of targeted and untargeted cannabinoids, terpenes, and lipid degradation products in Bedrocan® and Bediol® macerated oils were used as analytical approaches. As regards the cannabinoid trend during 90 days of storage, there were no differences between PhEur-grade olive oil (OOPH) and medium-chain triglycerides oil (MCT oil) coupled to a good stability of preparations for the first 60 days both in Bedrocan® and Bediol® oils. MCT lipid source extracted a significant concentration of terpenes compared to olive oil. Terpenes showed a different scenario since MCT oil displayed the strongest extraction capacity and conservation trend of all compounds during the shelf life. Terpenes remained stable throughout the entire storage period in MCT formulations while a significant decrease after 15 and 30 days in Bediol® and Bedrocan® was observed in olive oil. Therefore, MCT oil could be considered a more suitable lipid source compared to olive oil involved in the extraction of medical cannabis for magistral preparations.
27
JIANG, TIANPENG, LIZHOU WANG, XING LI, JIE SONG, XIAOPING WU, TIANZHI AN, and SHI ZHOU. "Experimental research of Fuaile medical adhesive for portal vein embolization in white rabbit models." Oncology Letters 9, no. 6 (April 23, 2015): 2609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/ol.2015.3142.
28
James Chinaka, Ehiem. "Viscosity and biodiesel characteristics of wild Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit oil." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 4 (December 31, 2018): 169–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/99/2017-rae.
Анотація:
The viscosity of two varieties of Canarium schweinfurthiiEngl. fruits oil (large and long) were studied at four different temperatures (30, 40, 50 and 60<sup>o</sup>C) and three shear rates (7.91, 15.82 and 39.54 s<sup>–1</sup>). SurgiFriend Medical (model NDJ-5S) viscometer was used to carry out the study. Biodiesel characteristics of the oil were also investigated. The results showed that variety had no effect (P < 0.05) on the viscosity of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruit while temperature had especially at 50<sup>o</sup>C and above. The shear rate of 15.82 s<sup>–1 </sup>(12 rps) gave the lowest oil viscosity for both varieties. The oil from large fruit had the best temperature stability, low percentage viscosity (6.33%) variation and least activation energy (796.51 J·mol<sup>–1</sup>·K<sup>–1</sup>) while long variety had best biodiesel characteristic for safe handling. Temperature had no significant (P < 0.05) effect on the consistency coefficient (C) and flow behaviour index (n) of both varieties of Canarium schweinfurthii Engl. fruits oil. Besides, oil from both fruit varieties is Newtonian fluids.
29
Obranović, Marko, Joanna Bryś, Maja Repajić, Sandra Balbino, Dubravka Škevin, Andrzej Bryś, Petra Tonković, Ana Marija Medved, Verica Dragović Uzelac, and Klara Kraljić. "Fatty Acid and Sterol Profile of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and Star Anise (Illicium verum) Extracted Using Three Different Methods." Proceedings 70, no. 1 (November 9, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods_2020-07687.
Анотація:
Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans) and star anise (Illicium verum) are popular spices worldwide originally from South East part of Asia. In addition to as food condiment, they have been used extensively in traditional medicine and lately as a subject of research in the field of pharmacology and medical sciences. Most research has been done on the subject of essential oils, especially for star anise, while data on seed oil properties are much scarcer. The main problem in the oil extraction of nutmeg is the hardness of the nut, while, for star anise seed, it is relatively low oil yield (around 10%). This presents a significant problem for screw press production and demands different methods of extraction for better oil yield and quality. The aim of this research was to compare three different methods of oil extraction with n-hexane agitation-assisted extraction (AAE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), and accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) at 25 and 100 °C and to compare the processes on the basis of invested time, oil yield, and fatty acid and sterol profile of the oils. The determination of fatty acid composition was carried out by GC–flame ionization detection (FID) analysis of fatty acid methyl esters, while the sterol composition was determined with GC–MS. The highest yield of oil was obtained using the Soxhlet method, while the best results combining time and yield were obtained with the ASE method at 100 °C. The main fatty acid in star anise seed oil was lauric acid (average 62.30%) with significant differences across extraction methods (p < 0.05), while myristic acid (average 75.69%) was the most abundant in all samples of nutmeg oil. The main sterol in all samples was β-sitosterol.
30
Zarnowski, Robert, Anna Jaromin, Milan Certik, Tibor Czabany, Joël Fontaine, Tibor Jakubik, Mohamed C. M. Iqbal, Anne Grandmougin-Ferjani, Arkadiusz Kozubek, and Stanislaw J. Pietr. "The Oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. Seeds and its Emulsions." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 59, no. 5-6 (June 1, 2004): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-2004-5-605.
Анотація:
The oil of Adenanthera pavonina L. seeds was analysed by chromatographic and instrumental means. The oil was found to be rich in neutral lipids (86.2%), and low in polar lipids (13.8%). The neutral lipids consisted mainly of triacylglycerols (64.2%). Unsaturated fatty acids were found as high as 71%, while the percentage of saturated fatty acids was only 29%. GC and GC/MS analyses revealed linoleic, oleic and lignocerotic acid to be predominant among all fatty acids in the A. pavonina oil, whereas stigmasterol was the major steroid identified within this study. Subsequently, the oil was used for preparation of submicron oilin- water (o/w) lipid emulsions. Lipid emulsions were formulated by using soybean lecithin (SL) to investigate their particle size, Zeta potential and stability at the different oil and SL ratios. The results obtained indicate possible applications of the tested oil in pharmaceutical and medical fields as drug and cosmetic active ingredient carriers.
31
Zhao, MP, XC Liu, QZ Liu, and ZL Liu. "Gas Chromaotography-Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Insecticidal Essential Oil Derived from Chinese Ainsliaea fragrans Champ ex Benth (Compositae)." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 14, no. 9 (October 11, 2015): 1685–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v14i9.20.
Анотація:
Purpose: To investigate the chemical composition and insecticidal activity of the essential oil of the aerial parts of Ainsliaea fragrans against maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais).Methods: The essential oil of A. fragrans aerial parts was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromaotography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Contact toxicity of the essential oil and its major constituents was determined by topical application against S. zeamais.Results: A total of 30 components of the essential oil were identified. The major constituents were myristicin (41.3 %), elemicine (11.9 %), cis-isosafrole (11.5 %), borneol (9.1 %) and caryophyllene (8.8 %). The essential oil of A. fragrans exhibited contact toxicity against S. zeamais with LC50 value of 50.7 μg/adult. Elemicine possessed the strongest contact toxicity (LC50 = 13.5 μg/adult) while cis-isosafrole, myristicin, caryophyllene and borneol had LC50 values of 31.2 μg/adult, 43.4 μg/adult, 57.9 μg/adult, and 98.4 μg/adult, respectively.Conclusion: The study indicates that the essential oil of A. fragrans aerial parts and its major constituents have a potential for development into natural insecticides for the control of grain storage insects.Keywords: Ainsliaea fragrans, Sitophilus zeamais, Contact toxicity, Elemicine, Essential oil, Grain storage
32
Rui-Hua, Qian, Zhu Xiao-Huan, Hao Jun-Mei, Hao Jun-Mei, Li Hai-Ying, Song Bo-Han, Ren Qiu-Rong, et al. "Essential oil from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. induces mitochondrial-mediated pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress-related apoptosis in human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 837–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i4.23.
Анотація:
Purpose: To evaluate the cytotoxic effect of essential oil derived from Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in Sichuan Province on human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells, as well as its possible molecular mechanisms.Methods: Cytotoxicity was characterized by MTT assay and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of SMMC-7721 cells ultrastructure. The apoptotic effect of the essential oil was evaluated by changes in mitochondrial membrane potential and Western blot assay.Results: MTT assay data indicate that the essential oil was cytotoxic to SMMC-7721 cells, while TEN revealed that there were vacuoles and nucleus fragmentation in the SMMC-7721 cell cytosol, cell swelling, and a large amount of leakage. Mitochondrial membrane potential assay and Western Blot data indicate that the essential oil induced cell apoptosis.Conclusion: The essential oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. in Sichuan Province seems to induce apoptosis of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells via the mitochondrial-mediated pathway and endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thus, this plant requires further investigation as a potential source of ananti-liver cancer drug.
Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides Essential oil; Anti-tumor activity, Liver cancer Apoptosis, SMMC-7721 cells
33
Artemyeva, A. A. "ANALYSIS OF SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF MORBIDITY OF POPULATION, ECONOMIC AND HEALTH-ENVIRONMENTAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE MUNICIPALITIES OF THE UDMURTIA." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Biology. Earth Sciences 30, no. 2 (July 30, 2020): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9518-2020-30-2-223-230.
Анотація:
The paper deals with the problem of the combined impact of socio-economic, medical and environmental factors on the level, structure and dynamics of morbidity of various age categories of the population of Udmurt municipalities. In the predominantly agricultural municipalities of the Udmurt Republic, the highest levels of population morbidity are observed, while in areas where the economy of the region is dominated by the oil industry, the level of population morbidity is low. Analysis of statistical data for 1995-2018 showed that the oil-producing regions had the highest levels of wages, budgeting and development of medicine and training of medical workers, which had an impact on improving the quality of life of the population and reducing its incidence in comparison with mainly agricultural areas. A high significant correlation (more than 0.8) was determined between the studied indicators. However, due to the increased load on the environment, which is manifested primarily in the largest mass of emissions of pollutants into the air in comparison with agricultural areas, the structure of the population's morbidity in oil-producing areas showed the highest levels of respiratory diseases (1.8 times more than in agricultural areas).
34
Ahmed, Abdulmalek, Ahmed Abdulhamid Mahmoud, Salaheldin Elkatatny, and Weiqing Chen. "The Effect of Weighting Materials on Oil-Well Cement Properties While Drilling Deep Wells." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 6776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236776.
Анотація:
In deep hydrocarbon development wells, cement slurry with high density is required to effectively balance the high-pressure formations. The increase in the slurry density could be achieved by adding different heavy materials. In this study, the effect of the weighting materials (barite, hematite, and ilmenite) on the properties of Saudi Class G cement matrix of vertical homogeneity, compressive strength, porosity, and permeability was evaluated. Three cement slurries were weighted with barite, hematite, and ilmenite, and cured at 294 °F and 3000 psi for 24 h. All slurries have the same concentration of the different additives except the weighting material. The amount of weighting material used in every slurry was determined based on the targeted density of 18 lbm/gal. The results of this study revealed that the most vertically homogenous cement matrix was the ilmenite-weighted sample with a vertical variation of 17.6% compared to 20.2 and 24.8% for hematite- and barite-weighted cement, respectively. This is attributed to the small particle size of the ilmenite. The medical computerized tomography (CT) scan confirmed that the ilmenite-weighted sample is the most homogeneous, with a narrow range of density variation vertically along the sample. Hematite-weighted cement showed the highest compressive strength of 55.3 MPa, and the barite- and ilmenite-weighted cement compressive strengths are each 18.4 and 36.7% less than the compressive strength of the hematite-weighted cement, respectively. Barite-weighted cement has the lowest porosity and permeability of 6.1% and 18.9 mD, respectively. The maximum particle size of ilmenite used in this study is less than 42 μm to ensure no abrasion effect on the drilling system, and it minimized the solids segregation while maintaining a compressive strength that is higher than the minimum acceptable strength, which is the recommended weighting material for Saudi Class G cement.
35
Kanclerz, Piotr, Andrzej Grzybowski, Stephen G. Schwartz, and Paweł Lipowski. "Complications of cataract surgery in eyes filled with silicone oil." European Journal of Ophthalmology 28, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 465–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672117753700.
Анотація:
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate complications of cataract surgery in eyes filled with silicone oil. Methods: This retrospective, noncomparative, consecutive case series analyzed medical files of patients with eyes filled with silicone oil undergoing cataract surgery. Phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation was conducted with or without concurrent silicone oil removal. Results: In this study, 121 eyes of 120 patients were included. In 32 eyes (26.4%) with evident silicone oil microemulsification or silicone oil–associated open-angle glaucoma, silicone oil was removed prior to phacoemulsification through a pars plana incision and no cases of posterior capsular rupture occurred during the subsequent cataract surgery. In the remaining 89 eyes, phacoemulsification was performed with silicone oil in the vitreous cavity. In these eyes, the rate of posterior capsular rupture was 9/89 (10.1%) and the rate of silicone oil migration into the anterior chamber through an apparently intact posterior capsule was 5/89 (5.6%). In 94 eyes (77.7%), an intraocular lens was inserted into the capsular bag, in 3 eyes (2.5%) into the sulcus, and in 1 eye (0.8%) a transscleral suturing was performed. Conclusions: In this series, complications related to the silicone oil were not uncommon during cataract surgery. In the majority of patients without evident silicone oil microemulsification or silicone oil–associated open-angle glaucoma, cataract surgery and posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation were performed while leaving the silicone oil in place.
36
Ayyildiz, Hamide Filiz. "Evaluation of Chemical Properties of Cold Pressed Ficus Carica Seed Oil." Pakistan Journal of Analytical & Environmental Chemistry 22, no. 1 (June 23, 2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21743/pjaec/2021.06.05.
Анотація:
Free fatty acid, peroxide value , conjugated diene and triene, chlorophyll, β-carotene, fatty acid composition, triglyceride, tocol (tocopherol and tocotrienol) compositions, sterol, wax and total polymeric compound amounts of cold pressed Ficus carica seed oil were evaluated by using chromatographic and spectrometric methods in this study. While the % free fatty acid of cold pressed ficus carica seed oil was 0.76±0.06, the peroxide value was found as 1.06 ± 0.09 meqO2/kg. It also had low content of conjugated diene and triene amounts, chlorophyll, wax and total polymeric compounds. The obtained results demonstrated that cold pressed ficus carica seed oil had rich linolenic and linoleic acid, and contained high amounts of Linoleic- Linolenic- Linolenic, Linolenic- Linolenic- Linolenic, Olenic- Linoleic– Linolenictriglycerides. Cold pressed ficus carica had a high content of β-carotene (4114.9 ppm), total tocol (1006 ppm) and sterol (7250.83 ppm). The obtained results showed that ficus carica seed oil is a product with superior properties due to its high nutritional value and beneficial phytochemicals. Therefore this oil can be an alternative to vegetable oils and used as a medical product.
37
Li, Jiao, Xiao Yang, Jing Yu, Zhimin Li, Qiuyue Deng, Yanling Cao, Xiu Chen, Hong Zhang, and Yu Wang. "Chemical composition of the volatile oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Mianyang in Sichuan Province of China and its sub-chronic toxicity in mice." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 19, no. 9 (November 24, 2020): 1985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v19i9.26.
Анотація:
Purpose: To determine the chemical constituents of the volatile oil of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. from Mianyang in Sichuan Province of China, and assess the sub-chronic toxicity of the volatile oil in mice.Methods: The volatile chemical components were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixty Kunming mice were divided into six groups of ten mice each. One group served as control (no treatment), two groups were orally administered ρ-cymene at doses of 3 and 7 mg/kg, respectively, for 27 days, while three groups received the volatile oil at doses of 10, 25 and 40 mg/kg, respectively, for the same duration. Sub-chronic toxicity in the mice was evaluated by observing their general behavior, measuring serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), evaluating liver, heart, kidney and thymus indices, and assessing the histological morphology of the organs.Results: The volatile oil contained 14 chemical components, of which α-terpinene and ρ-cymene accounted for 32.89 and 24.25 %, respectively. The volatile oil caused significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver index, and serum AST and ALT levels, and also induced distinct morphological changes in mouse liver, heart and kidney.Conclusion: The main volatile components of the oil are α-terpinene and ρ-cymene. The volatile oil showed dose-dependent toxicity in mice, thus lending some support for the safe use of C. ambrosioides in traditional medicine.
Keywords: Chenopodium ambrosioides, Volatile oil, Oral toxicity, AST and ALT, Histopathological changes
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Hussein, J. B., J. O. Y. Ilesanmi, H. A. Yahuza, and I. Nkama. "Effect of Extraction Methods and Storage Time on the Yield and Qualities of Neem Seed (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Oil." Nigerian Journal of Technological Development 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtd.v18i1.8.
Анотація:
The effects of extraction methods and time of storage on the yield and qualities of neem seed oil were investigated. Three extraction methods: cold water, hot water, and n-hexane were used while the extracted oils were stored at room temperature for six months. The yield, chemical properties, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analysis of the fresh and stored oils were evaluated at every two-month interval using standard methods. The results showed that n-hexane gave the highest oil yield (62 %), followed by hot water (49 %), and cold water (42 %). The chemical properties ranged as follows; peroxide value: (7.02–25.56, 6.30–26.76 and 8.99–24.16 Meq/kg), saponification value: (133.95–245.26, 114.09–288.09 and 141.11–250.12 mg KOH/g oil), iodine value: (51.69–6.98, 56.73–7.88 and 54.87–9.51 mg/wij’s) and acid value: (18.01–55.99, 11.34–85.12 and 14.62–56.88 mg KOH/g oil) for cold water, hot water, and n-hexane respectively. The qualitative phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of flavonoids, coumarins, terpenoids, triterpenoid, and steroid contents. Conclusively, the extraction methods and storage time affect the yield and qualities of the extracted neem seed oil, while the chemical and phytochemical results revealed that the extracted oils were good for both medical and industrial applications.
Keywords: Neem seeds, oils, extraction methods, storage time, chemical and phytochemical properties
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Balázs, Viktória Lilla, Barbara Horváth, Erika Kerekes, Kamilla Ács, Béla Kocsis, Adorján Varga, Andrea Böszörményi, et al. "Anti-Haemophilus Activity of Selected Essential Oils Detected by TLC-Direct Bioautography and Biofilm Inhibition." Molecules 24, no. 18 (September 11, 2019): 3301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183301.
Анотація:
Essential oils (EOs) are becoming increasingly popular in medical applications because of their antimicrobial effect. Direct bioautography (DB) combined with thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a screening method for the detection of antimicrobial compounds in plant extracts, for example, in EOs. Due to their lipophilic character, the common microbiological assays (etc. disk diffusion) could not provide reliable results. The aim of this study was the evaluation of antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties of the EO of cinnamon bark, clove, peppermint, thyme, and their main components against Haemophilus influenzae and H. parainfluenzae. Oil in water (O/W) type Pickering nano-emulsions stabilized with silica nanoparticles from each oil were prepared to increase their water-solubility. Samples with Tween80 surfactant and absolute ethanol were also used. Results showed that H. influenzae was more sensitive to the EOs than H. parainfluenzae (except for cinnamon bark oil). In thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-DB) the ethanolic solutions of thyme oil presented the best activity against H. influenzae, while cinnamon oil was the most active against H. parainfluenzae. Pickering nano-emulsion of cinnamon oil inhibited the biofilm formation of H. parainfluenzae (76.35%) more efficiently than samples with Tween80 surfactant or absolute ethanol. In conclusion, Pickering nano-emulsion of EOs could inhibit the biofilm production effectively.
40
Zhang, Yan, Hui Zhang, Fang Wang та Li-Xia Wang. "Preparation and Properties of Ginger Essential Oil β-Cyclodextrin/Chitosan Inclusion Complexes". Coatings 8, № 9 (29 серпня 2018): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8090305.
Анотація:
The ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin (GEO/β-CD) composite, ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) particles and ginger essential oil/β-cyclodextrin/chitosan (GEO/β-CD/CTS) microsphere were prepared with the methods of inclusion, ionic gelation and spray drying. Their properties were studied by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetry analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the particle size of GEO/β-CD composite was smaller than that of β-CD and GEO/β-CD/CTS particles were loose and porous, while the microsphere obtained by spray drying had certain cohesiveness and small particle size. Besides, results also indicated that β-CD/CTS could modify properties and improve the thermal stability of GEO, which would improve its application value in food and medical industries.
41
Ismail, Maznah, Abdulsamad Alsalahi, Mustapha Umar Imam, Der Jiun Ooi, Huzwah Khaza’ai, Musheer A. Aljaberi, Mad Nasir Shamsudin, and Zulkifli Idrus. "Safety and Neuroprotective Efficacy of Palm Oil and Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction from Palm Oil: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 12, no. 2 (February 18, 2020): 521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12020521.
Анотація:
Background: Several natural products have been reported to elicit beneficial effects against neurodegenerative disorders due to their vitamin E contents. However, the neuroprotective efficacy of palm oil or its tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from the pre-clinical cell and animal studies have not been systematically reviewed. Methods: The protocol for this systematic review was registered in “PROSPERO” (CRD42019150408). This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) descriptors of PubMed with Boolean operators were used to construct keywords, including (“Palm Oil”[Mesh]) AND “Nervous System”[Mesh], (“Palm Oil”[Mesh]) AND “Neurodegenerative Diseases”[Mesh], (“Palm Oil”[Mesh]) AND “Brain”[Mesh], and (“Palm Oil”[Mesh]) AND “Cognition”[Mesh], to retrieve the pertinent records from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect from 1990 to 2019, while bibliographies, ProQuest and Google Scholar were searched to ensure a comprehensive identification of relevant articles. Two independent investigators were involved at every stage of the systematic review, while discrepancies were resolved through discussion with a third investigator. Results: All of the 18 included studies in this review (10 animal and eight cell studies) showed that palm oil and TRF enhanced the cognitive performance of healthy animals. In diabetes-induced rats, TRF and α-tocotrienol enhanced cognitive function and exerted antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory activities, while in a transgenic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model, TRF enhanced the cognitive function and reduced the deposition of β-amyloid by altering the expression of several genes related to AD and neuroprotection. In cell studies, simultaneous treatment with α-tocotrienols and neurotoxins improved the redox status in neuronal cells better than γ- and δ-tocotrienols. Both pre-treatment and post-treatment with α-tocotrienol relative to oxidative insults were able to enhance the survival of neuronal cells via increased antioxidant responses. Conclusions: Palm oil and its TRF enhanced the cognitive functions of healthy animals, while TRF and α-tocotrienol enhanced the cognitive performance with attenuation of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis in diabetes-induced or transgenic AD animal models. In cell studies, TRF and α-tocotrienol exerted prophylactic neuroprotective effects, while α-tocotrienol exerted therapeutic neuroprotective effects that were superior to those of γ- and δ-tocotrienol isomers.
42
Carvalho, Flavia Cortines, Marluce Rodrigues Godinho, and Aldo Pacheco Ferreira. "Cardiovascular risk factors among oil refinery workers: ecological study." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho 18, no. 1 (July 17, 2020): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/z1679443520200476.
Анотація:
Background: Monitoring the health of workers is indispensable to develop indicators to identify potential risk factors and the workload impact on illness and characterize their morbidity profile. Objective: To identify modifiable and non-modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among employees of an oil refinery with fixed work schedule or allocated to shifts. Methods: Ecological, exploratory, descriptive and quantitative study with data retrieved from the company’s record system. We performed time series analysis of the prevalence of risk factors in the period from 2008 through 2017. Results: We found an increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes and a decreasing trend for high cholesterol, high LDL, low HDL, smoking and coronary artery risk. The prevalence of hypertension increased, while that of all other risk factors, except for diabetes, decreased in 2017 by comparison to 2008. Conclusion: The analyzed sample is at medium risk for cardiovascular disease despite their young age, high educational level and available resources. We call attention to the need to systematize workplace health promotion programs.
43
Abdul Nour, Ayaat Nasser, and Amal Abdul Latif Rashid. "Evaluating the Effect of Artemisia Aerial Parts Extracts on Candida albicans growth and Shear Bond Strength of Soft Denture Liner." Journal of Techniques 3, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 86–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51173/jt.v3i2.321.
Анотація:
After a period of use in the oral cavity the bond between denture base and soft denture liner weaken or fails creating a suitable environment for fungal colonization. Traditional medical plants that have antifungal agents are considered more safe and with few side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of oil and ethanol extracts of Artemisia aerial parts on Candida albicans growth and shear bond strength of soft denture liner. Candida albicans species were isolated and diagnosed, oil and ethanol extracts of Artemisia were prepared, the effect of the extracts on Candida albicans were tested by agar well diffusion test and micro dilution test. Finally, 30 specimens of soft denture liner were prepared for testing shear bond strength by Universal Instron machine before and after incorporation of the extracts. The results showed that all the concentrations of oil extract inhibit the growth of Candida albicans except (12.5 mg/ml) and there were significant differences (P≤0.05) between all concentrations compared with Nystatin except between (100 and Nystatin) mg/ml in which there were no significant difference. In ethanol extract only the concentrations (100 and 75) mg/ml inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and there were significant differences between all concentrations (P≤0.05) with Nystatin, while shear bond strength was increased in ethanol extract and there were significant differences with the control (P≤0.05), but it was not affected in oil extract and there were no significant differences with the control (P>0.05). Interestingly, it’s concluded that oil and ethanol extracts of Artemisia aerials parts had an effect on Candida albicans, while shear bond strength was not affected by oil extract but increased in ethanol extract.
44
Škorić, Dragan, Siniša Jocić, Zvonimir Sakač, and Nada Lečić. "Genetic possibilities for altering sunflower oil quality to obtain novel oilsThis article is one of a selection of papers published in the special issue Bridging the Gap: Where Progress in Cardiovascular and Neurophysiologic Research Meet." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 86, no. 4 (April 2008): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y08-008.
Анотація:
The sunflower is one of the four most important oilseed crops in the world, and the nutritional quality of its edible oil ranks among the best vegetable oils in cultivation. Typically up to 90% of the fatty acids in conventional sunflower oil are unsaturated, namely oleic (C 18:1, 16%–19%) and linoleic (C 18:2, 68%–72%) fatty acids. Palmitic (C 16:0, 6%), stearic (C 18:0, 5%), and minor amounts of myristic (C 14:0), myristoleic (C 14:1), palmitoleic (C 16:1), arachidic (C 20:0), behenic (C 22:0), and other fatty acids account for the remaining 10%. Advances in modern genetics, most importantly induced mutations, have altered the fatty acid composition of sunflower oil to a significant extent. Treating sunflower seeds with γ- and X-rays has produced mutants with 25%–30% palmitic acid. Sunflower seed treatment with X-rays has also resulted in mutants having 30% palmitoleic acid, while treatments with mutagenic sodium azide have produced seeds containing 35% stearic acid. The most important mutations have been obtained by treatment with dimethyl sulfate, which produced genotypes with more than 90% oleic acid. Mutants have also been obtained that have a high linoleic acid content (>80%) by treating seeds with X-rays and ethyl methanesulfonate. Of the vitamin E family of compounds, sunflower oil is known to predominantly contain α-tocopherol (>90%). Spontaneous mutations controlled by recessive genes have been discovered that significantly alter tocopherol forms and levels. The genes in question are tph1 (50% α- and 50% β-tocopherol), tph2 (0%–5% α- and 95%–100% γ-tocopherol), and tph1tph2 (8%–40% α-, 0%–25% β-, 25%–84% γ-, and 8%–50% δ-tocopherol). The existence of (mutant) genes for increased levels of individual fatty acids and for different forms and levels of tocopherol enables the development of sunflower hybrids with different oil quality. The greatest progress has been made in developing high-oleic hybrids (>90% oleic acid). There has been considerable work done recently on the development of high-oleic hybrids with altered tocopherol levels, the oil of which will have 10–20 times greater oxidative stability than that of conventional sunflower oil. While sunflower breeders work on developing hybrids with altered oil quality, medical scientists in general and nutritionists in particular will determine the parameters for the use of these novel types of oil that can improve human nutrition and be used in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
45
Frink, Lynne, and Mary Jane Dalton. "ESTABLISHING A WILDLIFE RESPONSE AFTER THE ASHLAND OIL SPILL." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1989, no. 1 (February 1, 1989): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1989-1-77.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT On January 2, 1988, an Ashland Oil Company storage tank in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, ruptured, spilling about 750,000 gallons of No. 2 diesel fuel into the Monongahela River. This spill, the largest documented inland oil spill in history, occurred in an area that was unprepared for this kind of environmental disaster. Tri-State Bird Rescue & Research, Inc., was requested by state and federal authorities to establish a wildlife response plan, set up a treatment center, and train professionals and volunteers to treat contaminated wildlife. Using previously developed training packets and supplies lists, Tri-State personnel established task forces, trained volunteers in tested medical protocols, equipped a center, and began treating birds within 12 hours of their arrival at the scene. While only 5 percent of the birds affected could be retrieved, 94 percent of the birds retrieved were successfully treated, released, and subsequently monitored in the wild. This paper focuses on the need for rapid response, adherence to protocols, interagency communication, and hands-on experience in establishing a successful response to wildlife contaminated by oil.
46
Puvača, Nikola, Jovana Milenković, Tamara Galonja Coghill, Vojislava Bursić, Aleksandra Petrović, Snežana Tanasković, Miloš Pelić, Dragana Ljubojević Pelić, and Tatjana Miljković. "Antimicrobial Activity of Selected Essential Oils against Selected Pathogenic Bacteria: In Vitro Study." Antibiotics 10, no. 5 (May 8, 2021): 546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050546.
Анотація:
The worldwide problem of infectious diseases has appeared in recent years, and antimicrobial agents are crucial in reducing disease emergence. Nevertheless, the development and distribution of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains in pathogenic bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhi and Citrobacter koseri, has become a major society health hazard. Essential oils could serve as a promising tool as a natural drug in fighting the problem with these bacteria. The current study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial effectiveness of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia (Maiden and Betche) Cheel), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus obliqua L’Hér.), and lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill) essential oils. The antimicrobial properties of essential oils were screened against four pathogenic bacteria, E. coli, S. aureus, S. Tyhpi, and C. koseri, and two reference bacterial strains, while for the testing, the agar well diffusion method was used. Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometric (GC–MSD) analyses were performed on essential oils. The obtained results showed that M. alternifolia essential oil is the richest in terpinen-4-ol, R. officinalis and E. oblique essential oils in 1,8-cineole, and L. angustifolia essential oil in α-terpinyl acetate. In addition, the main bioactive compounds present in the essential oil of tea tree are rich in α-pinene (18.38%), limonene (7.55%) and γ-terpinene (14.01%). The essential oil of rosemary is rich in α-pinene (8.38%) and limonene (11.86%); eucalyptus essential oil has significant concentrations of α-pinene (12.60%), p-cymene (3.24%), limonene (3.87%), and γ-terpinene (7.37%), while the essential oil of lavender is rich in linalool (10.71%), linalool acetate (9.60%), α-terpinyl acetate (10.93%), and carbitol (13.05%) bioactive compounds, respectively. The obtained results from the in vitro study revealed that most of the essential oils exhibited antimicrobial properties. Among the tested essential oils, tea tree was discovered to demonstrate the strongest antimicrobial activity. The recorded MIC of S. Typhi was 6.2 mg/mL, 3.4 mg/mL of C. koseri, 3.1 mg/mL of E. coli, and 2.7 mg/mL of E. coli ATCC 25922, compared to M. alternifolia. Similarly, only S. aureus ATCC 25923 showed antimicrobial activity towards R. officinalis (1.4 mg/mL), E. oblique (2.9 mg/mL), and L. angustifolia (2.1 mg/mL). Based on the obtained results, it is possible to conclude that tea tree essential oil might be used as an ecological antimicrobial in treating infectious diseases caused by the tested pathogens.
47
Reibel, D. K., M. A. Holahan, and C. E. Hock. "Effects of dietary fish oil on cardiac responsiveness to adrenoceptor stimulation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 254, no. 3 (March 1, 1988): H494—H499. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1988.254.3.h494.
Анотація:
The effect of dietary fish oil on cardiac function and responsiveness to alpha- and beta-adrenergic receptor agonists was examined in isolated perfused rat hearts. Rats were fed either a standard laboratory diet (SD) or diets containing 5% corn oil (CO) or 5% menhaden oil (MO) for 4 wk. When perfused as working preparations at varying preloads and afterloads, the peak aortic pressures, aortic outputs, and coronary flows were comparable in hearts of rats fed the three experimental diets. Inotropic responsiveness to phenylephrine was examined by infusing graded doses of the drug into the heart while monitoring changes in the rate of left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dt). Prior to phenylephrine administration +dP/dt was not different among the three groups of hearts. However, at each dose of phenylephrine employed, delta +dP/dt was approximately 50% less in hearts of rats fed MO when compared with either SD or CO. Thus cardiac inotropic responsiveness to this alpha-agonist was reduced by dietary fish oil. In contrast, cardiac inotropic responsiveness to isoproterenol was not altered with MO feeding. The data demonstrate that dietary fish oil results in alterations in alpha- but not beta-adrenoceptor mediated changes in cardiac inotropy.
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Abdelwahab, Siddig Ibrahim, Manal Mohamed Elhassan Taha, Hassan Ahmed Alhazmi, Waquar Ahsan, Zia ur Rehman, Mohammed Al Bratty, and Hafiz Makeen. "Phytochemical profiling of Costus (Saussurea lappa Clarke) root essential oil, and its antimicrobial and toxicological effects." Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 18, no. 10 (July 5, 2021): 2155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v18i10.22.
Анотація:
Purpose: To carry out gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the phytochemical content of the root essential oil of Saussurea lappa Clarke Asteraceae (Costus, SLEO), and to evaluate its physicochemical, antimicrobial and cytoxic properties.
Methods: The oil was extracted from the plant’s roots by steam distillation using a Clevenger system. Various physicochemical parameters for the oil including refractive index, color, acid value, saponification number, ester and peroxide values were measured. Flavonoid content was assessed using thin layer chromatography (TLC). Thermoscientific trace ultra gas chromatograph equipped with a Thermoscientific capillary TR-5MS column was utilized to determine the volatile components of SLEO. Antimicrobial activity of SLEO was performed against various Gram (+ve) and Gram (-ve) microorganisms, viz, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans, while cytotoxic effect was monitored using Artemia salina (brine shrimp) lethality assay.
Results: Essential oil yield was good (3 %). Concentration-dependent antimicrobial effects were observed on all test microorganisms and no marked difference in lethality levels was observed among the tested SLEO concentrations on brine shrimp (p < 0.05). The main component of SLEO was costunolide or eudesma-5,11(13)-dien-8,12-olide (52.01 %).
Conclusion: The results indicate the promising therapeutic properties of S. lappa. However, further phytochemical and biological investigations are required to establish the mechanism of action and toxicological the extract.
49
Merad, Nadjiya, Vanessa Andreu, Slimane Chaib, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, David Duval, Cédric Bertrand, Yacine Boumghar, André Pichette, and Nassim Djabou. "Essential Oils from Two Apiaceae Species as Potential Agents in Organic Crops Protection." Antibiotics 10, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10060636.
Анотація:
Chemical composition and herbicidal, antifungal, antibacterial and molluscicidal activities of essential oils from Choukzerk, Eryngium triquetrum, and Alexander, Smyrnium olusatrum, from western Algeria were characterized. Capillary GC-FID and GC/MS were used to investigate chemical composition of both essential oils, and the antifungal, antibacterial, molluscicidal and herbicidal activities were determined by % inhibition. Collective essential oil of E. triquetrum was dominated by falcarinol (74.8%) and octane (5.6%). The collective essential oil of S. olusatrum was dominated by furanoeremophilone (31.5%), furanodiene+curzurene (19.3%) and (E)-β-caryophyllene (11%). The E. triquetrum oil was tested and a pure falcarinol (99%) showed virtuous herbicidal and antibacterial activities against potato blackleg disease, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, and Gram-negative soil bacterium, Pseudomonas cichorii (85 and 100% inhibition, respectively), and high ecotoxic activity against brine shrimp, Artemia salina, and the freshwater snail, Biomphalaria glabrata, with an IC50 of 0.35 µg/mL and 0.61 µg/mL, respectively. Essential oil of S. olusatrum showed interesting antibacterial and ecotoxic activity and good herbicidal activity against watercress seeds, Lepidium sativum (74% inhibition of photosynthesis, 80% mortality on growth test on model watercress), while the furanoeremophilone isolated from the oil (99% pure) showed moderate herbicidal activity. Both oils showed excellent antifungal activity against Fusarium. Both oils and especially falcarinol demonstrated good potential as new biocontrol agents in organic crop protection.
50
Lin, Lin, Todd Rideout, Natalia Yurkova, Haifeng Yang, Peter Eck, and Peter J. H. Jones. "Fatty acid ethanolamides modulate CD36-mRNA through dietary fatty acid manipulation in Syrian Golden hamsters." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 38, no. 8 (August 2013): 870–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2012-0289.
Анотація:
Fatty acids convert to fatty acid ethanolamides which associate with lipid signalling, fat oxidation, and energy balance; however, the extent to which dietary fatty acids manipulation can impact such control processes through fatty acid ethanolamides-related mechanisms remains understudied. The objective was to examine the impact of diets containing 6% corn oil, high oleic canola oil, docosahexaenoic acid + high oleic canola oil, and fish oil on plasma and organ levels of fatty acid ethanolamides, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α regulatory targets, and lipid metabolism in Syrian Golden hamsters. After 29 days, in plasma, animals that were fed fish oil showed greater (p < 0.05) oleoylethanolamide and lower (p < 0.05) arachidonoylethanolamide and palmitoylethanolamide levels compared with other groups, while animals fed canola oil showed higher (p < 0.05) oleoylethanolamide levels in proximal intestine and liver than groups that were fed coin oil and fish oil. The canola oil group showed elevated (p < 0.01) fat oxidation (%) and over 3.0-fold higher (p < 0.05) hepatic-CD36 expression compared with the corn oil group. Hepatic-lipogenesis was lower (p < 0.05) in hamsters that were fed DHA-canola oil compared with the corn oil group. To conclude, dietary fatty acids produced shifts in plasma and organ levels of arachidonoylethanolamide, oleoylethanolamide, and palmitoylethanolamid, which were accompanied by changes in gene expression, lipogenesis, and energy expenditure, suggesting mechanisms through which dietary fatty acids influence disease risk.