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1
Cowburn, James David. "Tetrahydrobiopterin metabolism in mental disorders." Thesis, Aston University, 1989. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/12525/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changes in DHPR activity in those aged 12 and under with a variety of mental disorders were investigated using dried blood spots on Guthrie cards. DHPR activity was found to be lowered in autism and Rett's syndrome. DHPR activity was unaffected in non specific mental retardation suggesting that the deficit seen in autism and Rett's syndrome does not arise secondary to the mental dysfunction. In Down's syndrome blood biopterin levels correlated with blood spot DHPR activity. Human brain BH4 synthetic activity was investigated in aging and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT). BH4 synthetic activity and DHPR activity decline with age in non-demented controls. In SDAT, decreases in BH4 synthetic activity were seen in temporal and visual cortices and locus coeruleus. The site of the defect is probably at 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase. Aluminium inhibits human brain BH4 synthesis in vitro and produces an `Alzheimeresque' pattern of abnormalities in rats chronically exposed to the acetate salt in drinking water. Aluminium appears to chiefly affect enzymes requiring a metal ion cofactor. Aluminium induced inhibition of BH4 synthesis can be reversed by treatment with transferrin, an aluminium chelator. Transferrin treatment improves BH4 synthetic activity in SDAT brains whilst having no effect on controls, further implicating aluminium as the key neurotoxin in SDAT. Lithium inhibits human brain BH4 synthesis in vitro and lowers rat brain total biopterins and inhibits rat brain BH4 synthesis on chronic exposure to the carbonate salt in drinking water. A possible mechanism for the anti-manic actions of lithium is suggested. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors decrease human brain BH4 synthetic activity in vitro. 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolate had no effect on human brain BH4 synthesis in vitro but methionine increased BH4 synthesis in vitro. Oxotremorine is a potent inhibitor of BH4 synthesis in man and the rat. This may prove useful as a tool for modelling BH4 deficiency.
2
Poe, Mimi Margaret. "Folk Conceptions of Mental Disorders." W&M ScholarWorks, 2007. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626544.
Повний текст джерела
3
Cooper, Rachel Valerie. "Classifying madness a philosophical examination of the diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders /." Dordrecht : Springer, 2005. http://www.netlibrary.com/urlapi.asp?action=summary&v=1&bookid=145324.
Повний текст джерела
4
Labrèche, France P. "Occupational solvent exposure and mental disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A case-referent study was designed to investigate the relationship between occupational solvent exposure and mental disorders. New cases of mental disorder (males, 40 to 69 years old), were individually matched for age and date of admission to hospital patients and neighbors. An occupational history was obtained from 91.7% of the sample (1143 subjects, or 381 'trios'), during a telephone interview or by mail.No increased risk of mental disorders was found among subjects exposed to moderate levels of solvents, but the risk was elevated--though not to a statistically significant degree--at exposure to high levels. When diagnoses were divided into psychotic (ICD-9 codes 290-299) and non-psychotic (ICD-9 codes 300-316), the latter group presented an increased risk with exposure to high levels of solvents (odds ratio = 2.43, 90% C.I. = 1.16-5.08). No systematic exposure-response relationship was demonstrated, although there was a suggestion of increased risk of mental disorders among subjects exposed to high levels for 5 to 9 years.
Various aspects of referent selection--with a specific comparison of hospital and population referents--were also examined as a methodological issue of case-referent studies.
5
Pashkovskyy, V. M. "Comorbidity in neurological and mental disorders." Thesis, БДМУ, 2020. http://dspace.bsmu.edu.ua:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/17640.
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6
Lindberg, Nina. "Sleep in mental and behavioural disorders." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 2003. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/kliin/vk/lindberg2/.
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7
Kimber, Daniel. "Mental Health Literacy for Anxiety Disorders." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17853.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Anxiety disorders are prevalent and debilitating. However, most affected individuals do not seek professional help. This treatment-seeking gap has been partly attributed to low levels of mental health literacy (MHL). Research into MHL for anxiety disorders is relatively immature and limited. To address this, this thesis examined key dimensions and predictors of MHL, for specific anxiety disorders. First, a review of the literature on MHL is presented. Second, a systematic review was conducted to comprehensively investigate two components of MHL for anxiety disorders; recognition and treatment beliefs. Findings showed that levels of recognition for all anxiety disorders were typically low, that treatment beliefs frequently differed from professional recommendations and that methodological inconsistencies were common. Third, an empirical study assessed recognition and treatment beliefs for specific anxiety disorders. A sample of 625 university students were presented with five case vignettes in an online survey, describing individuals with social anxiety disorder (SAD), generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and a life-stress scenario. Rates of recognition for all three anxiety disorders were significantly lower than those for depression, while professional help-seeking was recommended less frequently for SAD and GAD than for PD and MDD. Prior exposure to someone with a mental health condition consistently predicted disorder recognition, which in turn was a unique predictor of recommendations to seek professional help for SAD, GAD and MDD. Lastly, a discussion of findings and implications is presented. Research implications include the importance of theoretically based studies, with longitudinal and experimental designs and increased links between MHL and help-seeking behaviour. Clinical implications include greater focus on anxiety disorders in MHL interventions, with the inclusion of social contact initiatives.
8
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Katja Beesdo, and Andrew T. Gloster. "The Position of Anxiety Disorders in Structural Models of Mental Disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-112646.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
„Comorbidity“ among mental disorders is commonly observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. The robustness of this observation is rarely questioned; however, what is at issue is its meaning. Is comorbidity „noise“ – nuisance covariance that researchers should eliminate by seeking „pure“ cases for their studies – or a „signal“ – an indication that current diagnostic systems are lacking in parsimony and are not „carving nature at its joints?“ (Krueger, p. 921).
With these words, Krueger started a discussion on the structure of mental disorders, which suggested that a 3-factor model of common mental disorders existed in the community. These common factors were labeled „anxious-misery,“ „fear“ (constituting facets of a higher-order internalizing factor), and „externalizing.“ Along with similar evidence from personality research and psychometric explorations and selective evidence from genetic and psychopharmacologic studies, Krueger suggested that this model might not only be phenotypically relevant, but might actually improve our understanding of core processes underlying psychopathology. Since then, this suggestion has become an influential, yet also controversial topic in the scientific community, and has received attention particularly in the context of the current revision process of the Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-V) and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11).
Focusing on anxiety disorders, this article critically discusses the methods and findings of this work, calls into question the model’s developmental stability and utility for clinical use and clinical research, and challenges the wide-ranging implications that have been linked to the findings of this type of exploration. This critical appraisal is intended to flag several significant concerns about the method. In particular, the concerns center around the tendency to attach wide-ranging implications (eg, in terms of clinical research, clinical practice, public health, diagnostic nomenclature) to the undoubtedly interesting statistical explorations.
9
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Katja Beesdo, and Andrew T. Gloster. "The Position of Anxiety Disorders in Structural Models of Mental Disorders." Technische Universität Dresden, 2009. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26858.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
„Comorbidity“ among mental disorders is commonly observed in both clinical and epidemiological samples. The robustness of this observation is rarely questioned; however, what is at issue is its meaning. Is comorbidity „noise“ – nuisance covariance that researchers should eliminate by seeking „pure“ cases for their studies – or a „signal“ – an indication that current diagnostic systems are lacking in parsimony and are not „carving nature at its joints?“ (Krueger, p. 921).
With these words, Krueger started a discussion on the structure of mental disorders, which suggested that a 3-factor model of common mental disorders existed in the community. These common factors were labeled „anxious-misery,“ „fear“ (constituting facets of a higher-order internalizing factor), and „externalizing.“ Along with similar evidence from personality research and psychometric explorations and selective evidence from genetic and psychopharmacologic studies, Krueger suggested that this model might not only be phenotypically relevant, but might actually improve our understanding of core processes underlying psychopathology. Since then, this suggestion has become an influential, yet also controversial topic in the scientific community, and has received attention particularly in the context of the current revision process of the Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-V) and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11).
Focusing on anxiety disorders, this article critically discusses the methods and findings of this work, calls into question the model’s developmental stability and utility for clinical use and clinical research, and challenges the wide-ranging implications that have been linked to the findings of this type of exploration. This critical appraisal is intended to flag several significant concerns about the method. In particular, the concerns center around the tendency to attach wide-ranging implications (eg, in terms of clinical research, clinical practice, public health, diagnostic nomenclature) to the undoubtedly interesting statistical explorations.
10
Rall, Edrich. "Cluster analysis of disorders characterized by impulsivity in patients with methamphetamine use disorder." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background
Individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (MUD) frequently present with psychiatric comorbidities with impulsive features. Little research has been conducted on comorbidity with impulsive features in MUD. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to delineate comorbid disorders with impulsivity in adult patients with a primary diagnosis of MUD.
Methods
Participants with lifetime MUD were included. Well established measures screened for comorbid psychiatric disorders with impulsive features. Illness severity was measured by the Yale Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale – adapted for drug use. The UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale was used to assess impulsivity levels. A cluster analysis (CA) of lifetime comorbid disorders with impulsive features was performed. Demographic and clinical correlates of each identified cluster were identified.
Results
Sixty five (n = 65) adults with a primary diagnosis of MUD took part in the study. They were predominantly female (44 females; 21 males), with ages ranging between 18 and 44 years (mean = 30 years; SD = 6.53). The CA rendered 4 groups. Cases (n=12) in the “alcohol cluster” presented with AUD as their only impulsive disorder other than MUD. Cases (n=19) in the “healthy cluster” had no comorbidity. Cases (n=15) in the “antisocial cluster” all had comorbid antisocial personality disorder as well as polysubstance use disorders. Cases (n=19) in the “borderline cluster” had borderline personality disorder and polysubstance use disorders. Illness severity (Y-BOCS-du: p=0.03) and impulsivity levels (UPPS-P: p=0.01) differed significantly between the clusters. The “alcohol cluster” had the highest illness severity and the “antisocial cluster reported the highest levels of impulsivity.
Conclusion
The findings of this contribute to the paucity data on impulsivity in MUD and may have implications for treatment. Understanding how these conditions cluster in MUD, and remaining cognizant of the demographic and clinical correlates of each cluster in MUD, could potentially enable clinicians to identify patients who are at higher risk for engaging in risky behaviors rendering them more vulnerable to treatment non-adherence or relapse
11
Lochan, Alicia Ruth. "E-Mental Health - Developing a general screening tool for Mental Disorders." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-133427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mental health care is critical and while governments are trying to increase awareness of the problem the available resources is not sufficient to confront the growing problem. The thesis proposes a design theory, using Gregor and Jones’s (2007) ‘Anatomy of a Design Theory’ framework, for the current mental illness dilemma that all societies are facing. The proposed solution is one of using information systems, together with domain knowledge and conventional instruments from the field of psychology to create a general screening tool. The design theory takes an ontological approach to defining the domain’s knowledge, using the MINI instrument along with expert knowledge to form the basis of the artifact. The artifact consists of four main entities: Background Information, Screening Questions, Pre-Requisite Questions and Other Questions. The thesis discusses the theoretical rationale for the screening took and then presents an instantiation of the artifact. This tool would be able to screen any person (with the exception of the mentally handicapped) to ascertain if they have a mental disorder as defined in the DSM-IV.
12
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Roselind Lieb, Hildegard Pfister, and Peter Schuster. "The waxing and waning of mental disorders: Evaluating the stability of syndromes of mental disorders in the population." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-109949.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the stability of symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of specific anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as diagnostic shifts from one syndrome to another over time. Using retrospective and longitudinal prospective data from the baseline and first follow-up investigation (19.7 months later) of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), we focus on establishing stability measures for early stages of mental disorders in a community sample of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years at baseline. The results are as follows: (1) Although only about 30% developed a full-blown DSM-IV disorder, psychopathological syndromes are widespread in adolescents: 15% of the population aged 14 to 17 at baseline were not affected by at least some clinically relevant symptoms of mental disorders either throughout their previous life or throughout the follow-up period. (2) The likelihood of staying free of symptoms and threshold disorders during follow-up was highest among subjects who were completely well at baseline. The probability of a positive outcome decreased as a function of severity of baseline diagnostic status. (3) There was a considerable degree of fluctuation not only in the diagnostic status and severity of specific disorders, but also in terms of complete remissions and shifts from one syndrome and disorder to another. (4) Anxiety disorders, overall, slightly differ with regard to the persistence and stability of the diagnostic status from depressive disorders. (5) However, there were remarkable differences between specific types of anxiety and depressive disorders. Consistent with other longitudinal epidemiological studies in the general population, this study finds that the syndromes and diagnoses of mental disorders have a strong tendency to wax and wane over time in this age group.
13
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Roselind Lieb, Hildegard Pfister, and Peter Schuster. "The waxing and waning of mental disorders: Evaluating the stability of syndromes of mental disorders in the population." Technische Universität Dresden, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26800.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article examines the stability of symptoms, syndromes, and diagnoses of specific anxiety and depressive disorders, as well as diagnostic shifts from one syndrome to another over time. Using retrospective and longitudinal prospective data from the baseline and first follow-up investigation (19.7 months later) of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP), we focus on establishing stability measures for early stages of mental disorders in a community sample of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years at baseline. The results are as follows: (1) Although only about 30% developed a full-blown DSM-IV disorder, psychopathological syndromes are widespread in adolescents: 15% of the population aged 14 to 17 at baseline were not affected by at least some clinically relevant symptoms of mental disorders either throughout their previous life or throughout the follow-up period. (2) The likelihood of staying free of symptoms and threshold disorders during follow-up was highest among subjects who were completely well at baseline. The probability of a positive outcome decreased as a function of severity of baseline diagnostic status. (3) There was a considerable degree of fluctuation not only in the diagnostic status and severity of specific disorders, but also in terms of complete remissions and shifts from one syndrome and disorder to another. (4) Anxiety disorders, overall, slightly differ with regard to the persistence and stability of the diagnostic status from depressive disorders. (5) However, there were remarkable differences between specific types of anxiety and depressive disorders. Consistent with other longitudinal epidemiological studies in the general population, this study finds that the syndromes and diagnoses of mental disorders have a strong tendency to wax and wane over time in this age group.
14
Ginley, Meredith K. "Comorbid Mental Health and Substance Use Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/8886.
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15
Jorm, A. F. "Contributions to the study of mental disorders." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141647.
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16
Topor, Alain. "Managing the contradictions : Recovery from severe mental disorders." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2001. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-37506.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the assumptions made when mental problems are defined as a medical problem is that certain problems, certain diagnoses, are chronic. Nevertheless, a substantial number of follow-up studies have shown that the course of development in patients with these diagnoses is neither uniform nor chronic. The aim of this dissertation is to summarise the state of the art in the knowledge about recovery from severe mental disorders and to examine in depth which factors people who have recovered regard as having helped them in their recovery, and in which ways. These two aims have resulted in two separate but complementary presentations of results. The review of the state of the art, which focuses on the diagnosis schizophrenia, shows that some two-thirds of the patients who received this diagnosis have recovered, either totally or socially. The variation in the percentage of persons who have recovered is explained in the study by such factors as fluctuations in national and local unemployment rates, in definitions of the diagnoses and in access to psychiatric care. On the other hand, the introduction of various treatment interventions seems to have had no noticeable effect on the recovery rate, although it has affected the relapse frequency. There is still a long way to go towards understanding the recovery process and how it can be facilitated. The interview study with persons who have been treated for severe mental disorders and recovered show the patients themselves to be a crucial factor in their own recovery. Throughout the whole course of the disorder, they struggle to find ways to manage both their symptoms and the factors that cause them. What appears to others as symptoms might instead be theperson’s unsuccessful attempts to manage existential problems. Entering into and maintaining relationships with other people is another crucial factor in recovery work. Professionals from a variety of backgrounds as well as family members and other laypersons can contribute to recovery, first and foremost in that they represent continuity between diverse facets of the person’s life; they engage with the person in his/her full complexity, not as someone reduced to a diagnosis and a given patient role, nor by denying the fact of the person’s suffering. Still another factor in recovery work is material conditions which impact on the person’s possibility to regain an identity as a full member of the community. Lastly, the descriptions that the respondents give of their recovery practice have certain constructed meanings in common. These meanings can be categorised as medical, therapeutic, spiritual and interactional. In many of the life stories collected in this study, several of these categories of meaning appear in unison, co-existing in one and the same life story. There is a recurrent theme running through these practice stories of recovery: that people in their everyday lives are not reducible to their problems, but at the same time these problems must not be denied. That people have both weaknesses and strengths, sometimes existing within the same spheres of life and occurring simultaneously; but that in relationships with other people they are given scope to manage and live with these contradictions is of central importance for recovery practice.
17
Kuelker, Eric. "Helping and stigmatization of persons with mental disorders." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq23621.pdf.
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18
Temple, Patricia. "Substitute family care for people with mental disorders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.294544.
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19
Hardwick, Kristy L. "Apostolic Pentecostal Clergy Beliefs Regarding Mental Health Disorders." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1367943471.
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20
Botsford, Janina M. [Verfasser]. "Interpersonal Trust in Mental Disorders / Janina Madelaine Botsford." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219070084/34.
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21
Botsford, Janina Madelaine [Verfasser]. "Interpersonal Trust in Mental Disorders / Janina Madelaine Botsford." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1219070084/34.
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22
Dominguez, Alva M. "SCHOOL-BASED MENTAL HEALTH REFERRALS’ REPRESENTATION OF ACTUAL MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS AMONG ADOLESCENTS." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Increasingly, health providers are recognizing the importance of providing behavioral and mental health services to children and adolescents. As a result, school districts are adopting the School-Based Mental Health Program approach to provide mental health services to their students. The purpose of this study is to test if there is a disparity between children being referred due to externalizing behavior versus internalizing behaviors. The data was collected from archival sources, and it was analyzed utilizing the SPSS software for a quantitative and descriptive study. The findings indicated that students experiencing Internalizing and/or Externalizing behaviors are almost equally receiving services. This study found that most of the referrals were made by school counselors, only a few by parents and even less by students themselves. For this reason, the study’s recommendation is for social workers to engage in providing training for parents and students in identifying mental health issues before they become a significant problem.
23
Rice, Judy A. "Dissociative Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2014. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Book Summary:This is the only advanced practice guide to provide an overview of the major DSM-5 disorders across the lifespan and complete clinical guidelines for their psychopharmacologic management. It has been compiled by expert practitioners in psychiatric care and is designed for use by nurse practitioners and other primary caregivers in clinical practice.
The guide is organized in an easy-to-access format with disorders for which drugs can play a significant therapeutic role. The listing for each disorder includes clinical features and symptoms, as well as information about the most current and effective drugs for management. A clearly formatted table identifies the first and second lines of drug therapy along with adjunctive therapies for each disorder. Drugs are organized according to classification, and each listing provides the essential information needed to safely prescribe and monitor a patient's response to a particular drug. Brand and generic names, drug class, customary dosage, side effects, drug interactions, pharmacokinetics, precautions, and management of special populations are addressed. Convenient, practical, and portable, this guide will be a welcome and frequently used resource.
24
Rice, Judy A. "Dissociative Disorders." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Book Summary: This quick reference serves as an authoritative clinical guide to diagnostic treatment and monitoring recommendations for patients with mental disorders in the primary care setting. It offers fast and efficient access to evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines for managing psychiatric and mental health conditions. The book guides family and adult advanced practice nurses in making clinical decisions that are supported by the best available evidence, reflecting current research and expert consensus. Additionally, researchers may use this book to identify important clinical questions where more research could be conducted to improve treatment decision making.
This comprehensive text is organized by major diagnostic categories, such as anxiety disorders, with specific diagnoses organized alphabetically within each category. It supports informed practice, which increases confidence in differential diagnosis, safe and effective treatment decision making, reliable treatment monitoring and, ultimately, improved patient outcomes. Additionally, DSM-IV-TR diagnostic standard summaries and ICD-9 codes are incorporated for use in the clinical setting. It is an essential resource in everyday practice for all health care providers.
25
Börjesson, Karin. "Mental illness : relation to childbirth and experience of motherhood /." Stockholm, 2005. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2005/91-7140-521-6/.
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26
Candini, Valentina. "Metacognition, mental disorders and aggressive behaviour: a longitudinal study." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3423276.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Metacognitive functions play a key role in understanding which elements might lead a person with severe mental disorder to commit violent acts against others. Indeed, understanding internal states such as thoughts, emotions, desires, fears and goals, both their own and those of others and differentiating between them, is needed in order to guide behaviour towards the resolution of interpersonal conflict. This is a fundamental aspect of affronting the risk of committing aggressive acts.
The aims of the study were the following: (a) to investigate the differences between patients with a poor metacognitive functioning and patients with a good metacognitive functioning in relation to history of violence; (b) to explore the differences between patients with a poor metacognitive functioning and patients with a good metacognitive functioning in relation to other important aspects potentially involved in aggressive behaviour such as personality traits, anger, impulsiveness, hostility and emotion recognition; (c) to investigate the differences between patients with a poor metacognitive functioning and patients with a good metacognitive functioning in relation to aggressive behaviour displayed by patients during the one year follow-up; (d) to analyse the predictors of aggressive behaviour and evaluate if the metacognitive functions associated with other investigated aspects are related to aggressive behaviour during the one-year follow-up.
The sample included 180 patients: 56% outpatients and 44% inpatients, the majority were male (75%) with a mean age of 44 (+9,8) years and half of them had a history of violence. The sample was split into two groups: Poor Metacognition (PM) group and Good Metacognition (GM) group, according to MAI evaluation scores.
The PM patients reported a history of violence more frequently than GM patients (considering MAI total score), and in particular patients with poor monitoring, differentiating and decentering. Furthermore, PM patients showed less ability in emotion recognition and more frequently paranoid and narcissistic personality traits compared to GM patients. Concerning hostility, impulsivity and anger, no significant differences were found, except for ‘Negativism’ (i.e., BDHI subscale) that was higher in PM patients. During the 1-year follow-up, no differences between the PM group and the GM group in aggressive behaviours (verbal, against objects, self-aggression, against people) were found. The strongest predictors of aggressive behavoiur were: Borderline and Passive-Aggressive personality traits, history of violence, anger and hostility. The metacognitive functions alone did not predict aggressive behaviour, but metacognitive functions interacted with hostility manifested through direct and indirect aggression (two BDHI subscales) and with angry reaction through aggressive behaviour (one STAXI-2 subscale) in predicting aggressive behaviour. Indeed, these aspects predicted aggressive behaviour only in PM patients and not in GM patients.
This study leads to important conclusions: (a) certain aspects closely related with violence (e.g., hostility, anger) are predictive of aggressive behaviour only in patients with poor metacognition, thus good metacognition is a protective factors; (b) poor metacognition is associated with history of violence, which in turn increases the risk of committing aggressive behaviour. For this reason and considering that research in this field is still very limited, further studies are needed to deepen the role of metacognitive functions in relation to aggressive behaviour and to investigate whether psychotherapy focused on metacognitive functions is effective to prevent and/or reduce interpersonal violence.Le funzioni metacognitive svolgono un ruolo chiave nella comprensione di quali elementi potrebbero indurre una persona con gravi disturbi mentali a commettere atti violenti contro altre persone. Risulta, infatti, essenziale comprendere gli stati interni quali pensieri, emozioni, desideri, paure e obiettivi, sia propri che altrui, ed essere capaci di differenziarli tra loro, per poter guidare il proprio comportamento verso la risoluzione dei conflitti interpersonali. Per tale ragione, questo aspetto diviene fondamentale nell'affrontare il tema del rischio di violenza, cercando di comprendere ciò che discrimina persone con disturbi mentali che commettono agiti aggressivi e pazienti con gli stessi disturbi che non commettono tali atti. Gli obiettivi dello studio erano i seguenti: (a) indagare le differenze tra pazienti con uno scarso funzionamento metacognitivo e pazienti con un buon funzionamento metacognitivo in relazione alla storia di violenza; (b) esplorare le differenze tra pazienti con uno scarso funzionamento metacognitivo e pazienti con un buon funzionamento metacognitivo in relazione ad altri importanti aspetti potenzialmente coinvolti in comportamenti aggressivi come i tratti della personalità, la rabbia, l'impulsività, l'ostilità e il riconoscimento delle emozioni; (c) investigare le differenze tra pazienti con uno scarso funzionamento metacognitivo e pazienti con un buon funzionamento metacognitivo in relazione al comportamento aggressivo manifestato durante l’anno di follow-up; (d) analizzare i fattori predittivi del comportamento aggressivo e valutare se le funzioni metacognitive associate ad altri aspetti indagati sono correlate al comportamento aggressivo agito durante il follow-up. Il campione è costituito da 180 pazienti: 56% ambulatoriali e 44% residenziali, la maggior parte erano maschi (75%) con un'età media di 44 anni (+9,8) e metà di essi aveva una storia di violenza. Il campione è stato diviso in due gruppi: il gruppo Scarsa Metacognizione (PM) e il gruppo Buona Metacognizione (GM), in base ai punteggi ottenuti nella valutazione dell’intervista metacognitiva (MAI). I pazienti con scarsa metacognizione hanno riportato più frequentemente una storia di violenza rispetto ai pazienti con buona metacognizione (considerando il punteggio totale MAI), e in particolare i pazienti con scarsa metacognizione nelle specifiche funzioni di monitoraggio, differenziazione e decentramento. Inoltre, i pazienti con scarsa metacognizione presentavano meno abilità nel riconoscimento delle emozioni e più frequentemente tratti di personalità paranoidi e narcisistici rispetto ai pazienti con buona metacognizione. Per quanto concerne l'ostilità, l'impulsività e la rabbia, non sono state riscontrate differenze significative tra i due gruppi, ad eccezione del "Negativismo" (sottoscala del BDHI), che era più alto nei pazienti con scarsa metacognizione. Anche nel caso dei comportamenti aggressivi (verbali, contro oggetti, auto-aggressivi, contro le persone) manifestati durante l’anno di follow-up, non sono emerse differenze significative tra i due gruppi. I dati rivelano che i predittori del comportamento aggressivo sono i seguenti: tratti di personalità borderline e passivo-aggressivi, storia di violenza, rabbia e ostilità. Le funzioni metacognitive da sole non predivano il comportamento aggressivo, ma esse interagivano con le seguenti dimensioni in tale predizione: l'ostilità manifestata attraverso aggressioni dirette e indirette (due sottoscale del BDHI) e le reazioni rabbiose agite tramite il comportamento aggressivo (una sottoscala della STAXI-2). Infatti, questi aspetti emergevano come predittori dei comportamenti aggressivi solo nei pazienti con scarsa metacognizione e al contrario, non risultavano più predittori nei pazienti con buona metacognizione. Questo studio porta a importanti riflessioni: (a) alcuni aspetti strettamente correlati alla violenza (ad esempio, ostilità, rabbia) sono predittivi di comportamenti aggressivi solo in pazienti con scarsa metacognizione, facendo risutare la buona metacognizione come fattore protettivo; (b) la scarsa metacognizione è associata alla storia di violenza, la quale a sua volta aumenta il rischio di commettere comportamenti aggressivi. Per tale ragione e considerando che la ricerca in questo campo è ancora molto limitata, sono necessari ulteriori studi al fine di approfondire il ruolo delle funzioni metacognitive in relazione al comportamento aggressivo, e per indagare se la psicoterapia orientata al miglioramento delle funzioni metacognitive può rivelarsi efficace nel prevenire e/o ridurre la violenza interpersonale .
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Whitcomb-Smith, Stacy. "The Role of Cognitive Factors in the Development of Seasonal Affective Disorder Episodes." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/Whitcomb-SmithS2003.pdf.
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Ballester, Coma Laura. "Mental disorders among Spanish university students: a longitudinal study." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672295.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives were to estimate the frequency of mental disorders among Spanish university students, their association with role impairment and the use of treatment. Also, to identify risk and protective factors. The thesis is based on the UNIVERSAL project (2,118 first-year university students completed the baseline online survey and 1,253 completed at least 40% of the 12-month follow-up survey). The online measures had an adequate agreement with the MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. The 12-month prevalence of any mental disorder was 35.7%. Twelve-month mental disorders were associated with role impairment (29.2%); only 12.6% of students with mental disorder received mental health treatment in the last year. At the 12-month follow-up, the first onset of major depressive episode and/or generalized anxiety disorder (MDE-GAD) was 13.3%; and persistence (among those with MDE-GAD at baseline) was 46.7%. Factors associated with MDE-GAD were prior suicidal ideation and lifetime symptoms of MDE and GADEls objectius són estimar la freqüència dels trastorns mentals entre estudiants universitaris espanyols, la seva associació amb discapacitat i ús de tractament. També, identificar factors de risc i de protecció. Es basa en el projecte UNIVERSAL (2.118 universitaris de primer curs van completar l'enquesta en línia basal i 1.253, almenys el 40% de l'enquesta de seguiment 12-mesos). Els instruments en línia van tenir una concordança adequada amb la MINI-Entrevista Neuropsiquiàtrica Internacional. La prevalença 12-mesos de qualsevol trastorn mental va ser del 35,7%. Els trastorns mentals 12-mesos es van associar amb discapacitat (29,2%); només el 12,6% dels estudiants amb trastorn mental va rebre tractament de salut mental en l'últim any. Al seguiment, la incidència d’episodi depressiu major i/o trastorn d'ansietat generalitzada (EDM-TAG) va ser del 13,3%; i la persistència (entre aquells amb EDM-TAG basal), del 46,7%. Factors associats amb EDM-TAG van ser ideació suïcida prèvia i símptomes previs d'EDM i TAG.
Programa de Doctorat en Psicologia, Salut i Qualitat de Vida
29
Kirkbride, James Bowes. "Towards an understanding of mental disorders in urban areas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265484.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The prevailing aetiological paradigm for schizophrenia and other psychotic syndromes suggests these disorders are a characteristic of the human condition and ubiquitous with respect to the environment. This is based on an erroneous belief that the incidence of schizophrenia does not vary geographically. Since the seminal work of Faris and Dunham (1939), the increased risk of schizophrenia associated with urbanicity has presented one of the most frequently replicated findings within psychiatric epidemiology. Despite the exclusion of several potential confounders, few specific socioenvironmental risk factors, which presumably underpin the 'urbanicity' effect, have yet to be identified. Findings for the affective psychoses are contradictory. Ethnic minority status also increases the risk of psychoses, independent of 'urbanicity', suggesting risk factors associated with migration or post-migratory experiences are also aetiologically relevant. It is unclear whether this risk is independent of socioeconomic status or interacts with generation status or neighbourhood-level risk factors. Using two large, first episode UK datasets I tested whether the incidence of psychoses varied between and within urban areas. I investigated heterogeneity in the incidence of psychoses by age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and place. I hypothesised that neighbourhood-level socioenvironmental risk factors, including social capital, ethnic density, ethnic fragmentation and deprivation were associated with the incidence of psychoses; perhaps interacting with individual-level risk factors, such as ethnicity. Considerable variation in the non-affective psychoses was demonstrated between and within urban areas. This variation was independent of age, sex and ethnicity. Approximately one quarter of this variation was attributable to neighbourhood-level risk factors, including social capital, ethnic density and ethnic fragmentation, independent of socioeconomic deprivation. No evidence of variation in the affective psychoses by place was observed. Ethnic minority status independently increased the risk of all psychoses, irrespective of socioeconomic status, but this risk was conditional upon generation status. Non-affective psychoses were unlikely to be solely a characteristic of the human condition. It was proposed that socioenvironmental factors at the neighbourhood-level, including social capital, mediated the risk of psychoses for the individual, probably interacting with genetic susceptibility.
30
Lieb, Roselind, Christian G. Schuetz, Hildegard Pfister, Kirsten von Sydow, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Mental disorders in ecstasy users: a prospective-longitudinal investigation." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-109967.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between ecstasy use and mental disorders in a representative sample of adolescents and young adults.
Method: Data for this investigation were drawn from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study, an epidemiological-longitudinal study in which 14-24 year-olds were examined prospectively over a period of about 4 years.
Results are based on N=2462 participants who completed the whole study period and for whom drug use behavior could be determined. Results: (1) Ecstasy users, compared with non-users, were at significantly increased risk of DSM-IV substance related disorders, including alcohol use disorders (52.6 vs. 15.6%; OR=5.6, 95% CI=3.8-8.1). Further, ecstasy users also had a higher risk of alcohol use disorders, when compared with users of other illicit substances (52.6 vs. 40.3%; OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.4). (2) Ecstasy users had significantly higher rates for almost all DSM-IV mental disorders examined when compared with non-users (any non-substance use disorder: 68.7 vs. 44.5%; OR=3.1, 95% CI=2.1-4.4) and compared with users of other illicit drugs (any non substance use disorder: 68.7 vs. 55.5%; OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.6). (3) Ecstasy users also reported significantly higher rates of prescription medicine use, though they did not use more medical services than non-drug users. (4) Analyses of temporal patterns of ecstasy use and disorder onset revealed that the first use of ecstasy was secondary to the onset of DSM-IV mental disorders in the majority of cases. Still, subjects with mental disorders at baseline also showed a significantly increased risk for initiation of ecstasy use during the 4-year follow-up period.
Conclusions: Care should be taken in cross sectional studies in interpreting mental disorder signs and symptoms merely as a consequence of ecstasy use, as ecstasy use might be associated with the use of multiple substances, and onset of mental disorder is more likely to precede rather than to follow use of ecstasy and related substances.
31
Cheng, Tai Ann. "A community study of minor mental disorders in Taiwan." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1986. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-community-study-of-minor-psychiatric-morbidity-in-taiwan--a-community-study-of-minor-mental-disorders-in-taiwan(db94e823-21ba-4b90-ad6c-5302f7b51a51).html.
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32
Winn, S. "The geography of old age mental disorders in Nottingham." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370533.
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Barkataki, Ian. "Violence in mental disorders : structural and functional brain correlates." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.423161.
Повний текст джерела
34
Wheeler, Mark. "Managing common mental disorders and PTSD in the community." Thesis, University of Essex, 2018. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/23629/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis initially focuses on primary mental health provision within the community across common mental health disorders. It analyses a data set of Improved Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) service users from the North East Essex IAPT service Health in Mind. The analysis initially focuses on identifying predictors for referrals, non-attendance (did not attend/DNA) and levels of engagement. Following on from this examination of the data further analysis is undertaken on success assessment for the service users in the data set. An alternative assessment criterion is proposed and explored. Next, in response to increased pressure on NHS resources and services and to explore why certain client groups have high levels of non-engagement, the thesis then explores the specific mental health disorder of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in a client group of British Military Veterans. A series of three pilot studies (angling, falconry/archery and equine intervention) are carried out to explore the validity of a proposed new intervention to reduce PTSD symptomology, Peer Outdoor Exposure Therapy (POET). To extrapolate the learning achieved through the pilot studies a Random Control Trial (RCT) was executed looking at the efficacy of POET when utilising the most effective of the pilot study formats, angling. To enhance the knowledge obtained through the RCT a thematic analysis of four in depth interviews with participants from the study, thirty three months after their attendance, was utilised to help formulate a psychological model of the effect of POET.
35
Villamil, Maria-Elena. "The epidemiology of common mental disorders around retirement age." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614365.
Повний текст джерела
36
Lieb, Roselind, Christian G. Schuetz, Hildegard Pfister, Kirsten von Sydow, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Mental disorders in ecstasy users: a prospective-longitudinal investigation." Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objectives: To investigate the relationship between ecstasy use and mental disorders in a representative sample of adolescents and young adults.
Method: Data for this investigation were drawn from the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study, an epidemiological-longitudinal study in which 14-24 year-olds were examined prospectively over a period of about 4 years.
Results are based on N=2462 participants who completed the whole study period and for whom drug use behavior could be determined. Results: (1) Ecstasy users, compared with non-users, were at significantly increased risk of DSM-IV substance related disorders, including alcohol use disorders (52.6 vs. 15.6%; OR=5.6, 95% CI=3.8-8.1). Further, ecstasy users also had a higher risk of alcohol use disorders, when compared with users of other illicit substances (52.6 vs. 40.3%; OR=1.7, 95% CI=1.1-2.4). (2) Ecstasy users had significantly higher rates for almost all DSM-IV mental disorders examined when compared with non-users (any non-substance use disorder: 68.7 vs. 44.5%; OR=3.1, 95% CI=2.1-4.4) and compared with users of other illicit drugs (any non substance use disorder: 68.7 vs. 55.5%; OR=1.8, 95% CI=1.2-2.6). (3) Ecstasy users also reported significantly higher rates of prescription medicine use, though they did not use more medical services than non-drug users. (4) Analyses of temporal patterns of ecstasy use and disorder onset revealed that the first use of ecstasy was secondary to the onset of DSM-IV mental disorders in the majority of cases. Still, subjects with mental disorders at baseline also showed a significantly increased risk for initiation of ecstasy use during the 4-year follow-up period.
Conclusions: Care should be taken in cross sectional studies in interpreting mental disorder signs and symptoms merely as a consequence of ecstasy use, as ecstasy use might be associated with the use of multiple substances, and onset of mental disorder is more likely to precede rather than to follow use of ecstasy and related substances.
37
Gilbert, Noah Aaron. "PRESERVICE TEACHERS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS INDIVIDUALS WITH MENTAL HEALTH DISORDERS." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1555437639723371.
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38
Crouse, Jacob Jeffrey. "Mapping the Early Functional Course of Emerging Mental Disorders." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/23974.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mental disorders cause profound functional impairment among young people during foundational socio-developmental phases. Most studies have examined predictors of impairment in adults with chronic disorders, and much less is known about the causes of impairment in young people in early illness phases. Accordingly, the overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the relationships between functioning and several candidate predictors, including substance use, symptoms, and neurocognition, in a cohort of young people accessing mental health services. In Chapter 2, latent class analysis is used to show that subgroups of young people with earlier and later relative onsets of substance use have distinct functional courses for around four years, with lower functioning over time in contact with services among the earlier onset subgroup. In Chapter 3, mixed effects modelling is used to reveal an association between impairment in cognitive flexibility and a lower rate of functional recovery over time. In Chapter 4 and Chapter 5, cluster analysis is used to demonstrate that neurocognitive subgroups are differentially related to functioning cross-sectionally and over time. Specifically, Chapter 4 shows that a subgroup characterised by global neurocognitive impairment has the lowest functioning cross sectionally, and Chapter 5 extends this finding to show that global neurocognitive impairment is related to persistently lower functioning over three years. Finally, bivariate latent change score modelling is used in Chapter 6 to demonstrate that changes in global symptoms are negatively correlated with changes in functioning, such that a reduction in overall symptom load is related to functional improvement. Altogether, the findings of this thesis highlight the enduring functional consequences of specific and global neurocognitive impairment, and to a lesser extent earlier substance use, and supports global symptom reduction as a strategy for encouraging functional recovery.
39
Henderson, Scott. "Studies in social psychiatry and epidemiology of mental disorders." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141557.
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CRAPAROTTA, FRANCESCA LINA. "THREE ESSAYS ON MENTAL DISORDERS, STRATEGIC THINKING AND TRUST." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/271311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This doctoral dissertation is the conclusion of an extended research season during which we investigated three behavioral topics: the role of economic games in elucidating the mechanisms that underlie mental disorders; the determinants of strategic thinking and the determinants of trusting and trustworthy behavior. The dissertation is composed of three chapters, each of which is dedicated to the discussion of one of these topics.
In the first chapter, we illustrate the utility of behavioural economic games in providing paradigms for targeting and measuring dysfunctional interpersonal dynamics that accompany psychiatric disorders. To this purpose, we systematically review the studies which use behavioural economic games as benchmarks quantitative measures of social function in order to explore social difficulties in psychiatric subjects. We conclude that behavioural economic games can be considered valid tools to study social dysfunction in mental disorders.
In the second chapter, we investigate the determinants of strategic thinking. To this purpose, we consider the influence of three important abilities: mentalizing, empathizing, and cognitive reflection. We compare performances of typical developed and autistic young adults, who are supposed to be impaired in mentalizing, in a Beauty Contest and in a set of Coordination games, two tasks in which a certain level of strategic sophistication is required in order to win. We do not find any significant difference in the performances of our two samples. For this, we argue that the slight impairment registered by our autistic sample in mentalizing seems to be compensated by a decreased empathy and increased cognitive reflection ability, which we both measured through apposite tasks. In fact, as shown in our econometric analysis, empathy and deliberative thinking style dislpay a significant negative and positive impact on strategic thinking, respectively.
In the third chapter, we investigate the root of trustworthy behavior, which is hardly explainable by the selfish profit-maximizing perspective. We discuss several theories that tried to give a ratio to trustworthy behavior and we devise an experiment to test if the willingness to repay trust increases with the degree of perceived kindness, as predicted by the kindness-reciprocity theories. For this purpose, we use three variants of the trust game in which the same trustful action from the trustor signals different degrees of kindness: negative, null and positive. According to “reciprocating-kindness” hypothesis, the proportion of repayment should rise across these three games. In addition, since rational first movers should be able to anticipate this outcome, the proportion of trusting actions should similarly rise. Our main findings are that the trustworthy and trustful choices are not statistically different in all three games and this implies that the “reciprocating-kindness” hypothesis is falsified. Our design is also a test for menu dependence hypothesis, according to which we should observe different trustee’s choices depending on the payoff that she would get in case the trustor decides to not to trust her, which corresponds to an unreachable node of the game for her and which differs in each variant of the trust game. Since we find no changes in the proportion of trustworthy choices across the three versions of the trust game, our study fails to report menu dependence. Evidence from our econometric analysis is compatible with guilt-aversion theories which describe the tendency to fulfil others’ manifest expectations in order to avoid the sense of guilt arising from opportunism.
41
Read, R. J. "Professionals' attitudes towards mental disorder." Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2012. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/11185/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Whilst differing perspectives can be an asset, they have also been found to lead to conflict and misunderstanding in multidisciplinary practice. Evidence suggests that different mental health disciplines hold differing attitudes towards mental disorder, reflecting differing implicit models held. To contribute to our understanding of this problem the present study investigates psychologists’ concepts of mental disorder, building on a pilot study conducted by Harland et al. with psychiatrists (2009). The Maudsley Attitude Questionnaire was used in an online survey of trainee clinical psychologists (N = 288). Principal components analysis was used to investigate implicit models. It was hypothesised that psychologists’ understandings of mental disorder would differ from psychiatrists'. The findings showed that psychologists endorsed different models for different diagnostic categories of mental disorder. Psychologists favoured the social realist model overall. Principal components reflecting a biological-psychosocial continuum, and scales of cognitive/behavioural and psychodynamic/spiritual model endorsement were revealed. The study concluded that, when compared to the findings of Harland et al. (2009), psychologists appear to make more use of psychosocial and less use of biological factors in their understanding of mental disorder than do psychiatrists. There appear to be fundamental differences in psychologists' and psychiatrists’ implicit models of mental disorder. A greater emphasis on multidisciplinary training initiatives is recommended.
42
Sherba, R. Thomas. "Associations among Violence Exposure, Mental Disorder, SUD and HIV." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1228442858.
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Chipps, Esther M. "Influence of diagnoses, race, medicaid enrollment status on health service utilization among the seriously mentally disabled population." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1054149270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 338 p.; also includes graphics Includes bibliographical references (p. 318-336). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
44
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Frank Jacobi, Jürgen Rehm, Anders Gustavsson, Mikael Svensson, Bengt Jönsson, Jes Olesen, et al. "The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-112831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU.
Method: Stepwise multi-method approach, consisting of systematic literature reviews, reanalyses of existing data sets, national surveys and expert consultations. Studies and data from all member states of the European Union (EU-27) plus Switzerland, Iceland and Norway were included. Supplementary information about neurological disorders is provided, although methodological constraints prohibited the derivation of overall prevalence estimates for mental and neurological disorders. Disease burden was measured by disability adjusted life years (DALY).
Results: Prevalence: It is estimated that each year 38.2% of the EU population suffers from a mental disorder. Adjusted for age and comorbidity, this corresponds to 164.8 million persons affected. Compared to 2005 (27.4%) this higher estimate is entirely due to the inclusion of 14 new disorders also covering childhood/adolescence as well as the elderly. The estimated higher number of persons affected (2011: 165 m vs. 2005: 82 m) is due to coverage of childhood and old age populations, new disorders and of new EU membership states. The most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders (14.0%), insomnia (7.0%), major depression (6.9%), somatoform (6.3%), alcohol and drug dependence (> 4%), ADHD (5%) in the young, and dementia (1–30%, depending on age). Except for substance use disorders and mental retardation, there were no substantial cultural or country variations. Although many sources, including national health insurance programs, reveal increases in sick leave, early retirement and treatment rates due to mental disorders, rates in the community have not increased with a few exceptions (i.e. dementia). There were also no consistent indications of improvements with regard to low treatment rates, delayed treatment provision and grossly inadequate treatment.
Disability: Disorders of the brain and mental disorders in particular, contribute 26.6% of the total all cause burden, thus a greater proportion as compared to other regions of the world. The rank order of the most disabling diseases differs markedly by gender and age group; overall, the four most disabling single conditions were: depression, dementias, alcohol use disorders and stroke.
Conclusion: In every year over a third of the total EU population suffers from mental disorders. The true size of “disorders of the brain” including neurological disorders is even considerably larger. Disorders of the brain are the largest contributor to the all cause morbidity burden as measured by DALY in the EU. No indications for increasing overall rates of mental disorders were found nor of improved care and treatment since 2005; less than one third of all cases receive any treatment, suggesting a considerable level of unmet needs. We conclude that the true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past. Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research in order to identify better strategies for improved prevention and treatment for disorders of the brain as the core health challenge of the 21st century.
45
Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Frank Jacobi, Jürgen Rehm, Anders Gustavsson, Mikael Svensson, Bengt Jönsson, Jes Olesen, et al. "The size and burden of mental disorders and other disorders of the brain in Europe 2010." Technische Universität Dresden, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aims: To provide 12-month prevalence and disability burden estimates of a broad range of mental and neurological disorders in the European Union (EU) and to compare these findings to previous estimates. Referring to our previous 2005 review, improved up-to-date data for the enlarged EU on a broader range of disorders than previously covered are needed for basic, clinical and public health research and policy decisions and to inform about the estimated number of persons affected in the EU.
Method: Stepwise multi-method approach, consisting of systematic literature reviews, reanalyses of existing data sets, national surveys and expert consultations. Studies and data from all member states of the European Union (EU-27) plus Switzerland, Iceland and Norway were included. Supplementary information about neurological disorders is provided, although methodological constraints prohibited the derivation of overall prevalence estimates for mental and neurological disorders. Disease burden was measured by disability adjusted life years (DALY).
Results: Prevalence: It is estimated that each year 38.2% of the EU population suffers from a mental disorder. Adjusted for age and comorbidity, this corresponds to 164.8 million persons affected. Compared to 2005 (27.4%) this higher estimate is entirely due to the inclusion of 14 new disorders also covering childhood/adolescence as well as the elderly. The estimated higher number of persons affected (2011: 165 m vs. 2005: 82 m) is due to coverage of childhood and old age populations, new disorders and of new EU membership states. The most frequent disorders are anxiety disorders (14.0%), insomnia (7.0%), major depression (6.9%), somatoform (6.3%), alcohol and drug dependence (> 4%), ADHD (5%) in the young, and dementia (1–30%, depending on age). Except for substance use disorders and mental retardation, there were no substantial cultural or country variations. Although many sources, including national health insurance programs, reveal increases in sick leave, early retirement and treatment rates due to mental disorders, rates in the community have not increased with a few exceptions (i.e. dementia). There were also no consistent indications of improvements with regard to low treatment rates, delayed treatment provision and grossly inadequate treatment.
Disability: Disorders of the brain and mental disorders in particular, contribute 26.6% of the total all cause burden, thus a greater proportion as compared to other regions of the world. The rank order of the most disabling diseases differs markedly by gender and age group; overall, the four most disabling single conditions were: depression, dementias, alcohol use disorders and stroke.
Conclusion: In every year over a third of the total EU population suffers from mental disorders. The true size of “disorders of the brain” including neurological disorders is even considerably larger. Disorders of the brain are the largest contributor to the all cause morbidity burden as measured by DALY in the EU. No indications for increasing overall rates of mental disorders were found nor of improved care and treatment since 2005; less than one third of all cases receive any treatment, suggesting a considerable level of unmet needs. We conclude that the true size and burden of disorders of the brain in the EU was significantly underestimated in the past. Concerted priority action is needed at all levels, including substantially increased funding for basic, clinical and public health research in order to identify better strategies for improved prevention and treatment for disorders of the brain as the core health challenge of the 21st century.
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Slaughter, Mary E. "Examining Substance Use Disorders and Mental Health Comorbidities in Patients Hospitalized for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorders." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1517851653320388.
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Sene, Lidiane Vieira de. "Assistência à saúde mental de mulheres em cidade do interior de Minas Gerais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22131/tde-08052015-171301/.
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A assistência à saúde mental da mulher constitui-se em uma questão de dupla intervenção, em especial para aquelas em idade reprodutiva, visto que, a própria condição de maternidade traz riscos à mulher de desenvolver patologias importantes, repercutindo no cuidado com os filhos. O escopo do adoecimento mental além dos componentes biológicos envolvem as relações entre as pessoas e entre as pessoas e seus contextos de vida e, nesse sentido os profissionais da área têm ampliado suas ações além do tratamento por meio de medicamentos. E não é sem grandes dificuldades que a proposição desses serviços tem sido colocada em prática. A legislação diz que os municípios devem apresentar projetos para os serviços que pretendem implantar e, no que dizem respeito à saúde mental, os serviços abertos têm sido incentivados, em consonância com as políticas estabelecidas a partir do movimento de reforma na assistência. No presente trabalho investigou como se deu a entrada de mulheres no serviço de uma cidade do interior do estado de MG. Foram escolhidas aleatoriamente 30 mulheres conforme critérios de inclusão e exclusão de um total de 79. Destas 30, foi possível contatar e entrevistar 21. Foi utilizado o recurso da entrevista semiestruturada com foco nos seguintes tópicos: razões para busca de assistência, situações de vida relacionadas aos sintomas, repercussões do adoecimento mental em suas vidas e percepções sobre a assistência recebida. Os resultados foram apresentados considerando-se a caracterização das participantes e em conformidade com os objetivos, foram apresentados os dados relativos aos temas abordados nas entrevistas. Quanto às características sócio demográficas verificou-se que a maior parte das participantes vive com companheiro, têm de 1 a 5 filhos com idades entre 4 meses a 20 anos de idade não trabalha fora de casa atualmente, mas já trabalhou; a faixa etária predominante foi de 30 a 34 anos; escolaridade ensino fundamental incompleto, cor da pele auto declarada branca, oriundas do próprio município onde o estudo foi realizado. Os sintomas iniciais referidos pelas participantes que as levaram a buscar pela assistência foram alterações físicas, dores de cabeça, aceleração dos batimentos cardíacos, entre outros; psicológicas, tristeza, desânimo e comportamentais, buscar isolamento, negligenciar cuidados aos filhos, dentre outros. Os diagnósticos recebidos foram predominantemente transtornos de ansiedade e de depressão. As situações da vida que, na percepção das participantes, estiveram relacionadas a seu adoecimento foram conflitos conjugais, adoecimento e uso de drogas de pessoas da família. Como este repercutiu em suas vidas esteve ligado a conflitos no trabalho e na família. A assistência recebida é vista como muito boa, mas limitada por ter apenas um profissional responsável por ela. É centrada no medicamento embora seja vista também como um espaço em que podem ser escutadas e orientadas. Ao lado do recurso médico especializado aparece também o contexto religioso como meio de apoio para o enfrentamento dos problemas. O trabalho encontrou resultados semelhantes aos de outros estudos e também pode oferecer elementos ao contexto específico em que ele foi desenvolvido para a organização de serviços de assistênciaThe mental health care of women is an issue in dual intervention especially for those of reproductive age as the very condition of motherhood brings risks to women of developing major diseases impacting the care of the children. The scope of mental illness in addition to biological components involve the relationships between people and between people and their life contexts and, accordingly, the practitioners have expanded their actions beyond treatment through medication. And it is not without great difficulty that the proposition of these services has been put into practice. The law says that municipalities must submit projects for the services they intend to deploy and, with regard to mental health, open services have been encouraged, in line with the policies established from the reform movement in assistance. In the present study investigated how was the entry of women in the service of a city in the state of Minas Gerais. We randomly selected 30 women as criteria for inclusion and exclusion of a total of 79. Of these 30, we were able to contact and interview 21 was used feature of semi structured interviews with focus on the following topics: reasons for seeking assistance related life situations the symptoms of mental illness impact on their lives and perceptions about the care received. The results were presented considering the characterization of participants and in accordance with the objectives; the data on the topics covered in the interviews were presented. As for socio demographic characteristics found that most participants living with partner, have 1-5 children aged 4 months to 20 years old do not work outside the home today, but has worked; the predominant age group was 30-34 years; education incomplete primary education, self-declared white skin color, derived from the same town where the study was conducted. The initial symptoms reported by participants which led them to seek the assistance were physical changes, headache, rapid heartbeat, among others; psychological, sadness, depression and behavioral seek isolation, neglect care for children, among others. The diagnoses received were predominantly anxiety disorders and depression. Life situations that, in the perception of the participants, were related to marital conflicts, illness and drug use of family members. How this impacted on their lives was linked to conflicts at work and in the family. The assistance received is seen as very good, but limited by only having one professional responsible for it. It is centered in the medicine but is also seen as a space that can be listened to and oriented. Beside the specialized medical resource also appears the religious context as a means of support for dealing with problems. The study found similar results to those of other studies and can also provide elements to the specific context in which it was developed for the organization of medical care
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Stoep, Ann Vander. "Transition to adulthood for adolescents with psychiatric disorder /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10944.
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Gräsbeck, Anne. "The epidemiology of anxiety and depressive syndromes a prospective, longitudinal study of a geographically defined, total population : the Lundby study /." Lund : Dept. of Psychiatry, Lund University Hospital, 1996. http://books.google.com/books?id=sw9sAAAAMAAJ.
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Keaney, Christine V. "Mental disorders in college : a qualitative study of lived experience /." Norton, Mass. : Wheaton College, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/15511.
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