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Meuldijk, Denise, Erik J. Giltay, Ingrid VE Carlier, Irene M. van Vliet, Albert M. van Hemert, and Frans G. Zitman. "A Validation Study of the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ) Compared With the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus)." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): e35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.5453.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background There is a need for brief screening methods for psychiatric disorders in clinical practice. This study assesses the validity and accuracy of a brief self-report screening questionnaire, the Web Screening Questionnaire (WSQ), in detecting psychiatric disorders in a study group comprising the general population and psychiatric outpatients aged 18 years and older. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate whether the WSQ is an adequate test to screen for the presence of depressive and anxiety disorders in clinical practice. Methods Participants were 1292 adults (1117 subjects from the general population and 175 psychiatric outpatients), aged 18 to 65 years. The discriminant characteristics of the WSQ were examined in relation to the (“gold standard”) Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview-Plus (MINI-Plus) disorders, by means of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), and positive and negative predictive values (PPVs, NPVs). Results The specificity of the WSQ to individually detect depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and alcohol abuse or dependence ranged from 0.89 to 0.97 for most disorders, with the exception of post-traumatic stress disorder (0.52) and specific phobia (0.73). The sensitivity values ranged from 0.67 to 1.00, with the exception of depressive disorder (0.56) and alcohol abuse or dependence (0.56). Given the low prevalence of separate disorders in the general population sample, NPVs were extremely high across disorders (≥0.97), whereas PPVs were of poor strength (range 0.02-0.33). Conclusions In this study group, the WSQ was a relatively good screening tool to identify individuals without a depressive or anxiety disorder, as it accurately identified those unlikely to suffer from these disorders (except for post-traumatic stress disorders and specific phobias). However, in case of a positive WSQ screening result, further diagnostic procedures are required.
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Gilbert, Robert. "Mental Disorders." International Journal of Philosophical Practice 9, no. 1 (2023): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/ijpp2023916.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I hope to show that mental disorders are not analogous to physiological diseases. I hope to show that a mental disorder like bipolar disorder cannot be located in the brain in the way a physiological disease like cirrhosis can be located in the liver. Mental disorders, unlike physiological diseases, lack a locatable corporeal basis to serve as a visible fulcrum on which to be based. However, I hope to also demonstrate that it is a mistake to infer the inexistence of disorders from such an absence of a locatable corporeal basis. There are countless phenomena including the force fields pointed out by physics that lack such a basis but whose reality isn’t doubted; by the fact of such absence alone, we have no reason to doubt the existence of mental disorders, nor, for that matter, the existence of the minds thatexperience them.
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Maercker, Andreas, Rahel C. Bachem, Louisa Lorenz, Christian T. Moser, and Thomas Berger. "Adjustment Disorders Are Uniquely Suited for eHealth Interventions: Concept and Case Study." JMIR Mental Health 2, no. 2 (May 8, 2015): e15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.4157.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Adjustment disorders (also known as mental distress in response to a stressor) are among the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders in psychiatry and clinical psychology worldwide. They are also commonly diagnosed in clients engaging in deliberate self-harm and in those consulting general practitioners. However, their reputation in research-oriented mental health remains weak since they are largely underresearched. This may change when the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization is introduced, including a new conceptualization of adjustment disorders as a stress-response disorder with positively defined core symptoms. Objective This paper provides an overview of evidence-based interventions for adjustment disorders. Methods We reviewed the new ICD-11 concept of adjustment disorder and discuss the the rationale and case study of an unguided self-help protocol for burglary victims with adjustment disorder, and its possible implementation as an eHealth intervention. Results Overall, the treatment with the self-help manual reduced symptoms of adjustment disorder, namely preoccupation and failure to adapt, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions E-mental health options are considered uniquely suited for offering early intervention after the experiences of stressful life events that potentially trigger adjustment disorders.
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Monahan, R., A. Blonk, H. Middelkoop, M. Kloppenburg, T. Huizinga, N. Van der Wee, and G. M. Steup-Beekman. "POS0708 PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT PHENOTYPES OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS (NPSLE)." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 603.2–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.423.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background:Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may present with psychiatric disorders. These are important to recognize, as they influence quality of life and treatment outcomes and strategies.Objectives:We aimed to study the frequency of psychiatric morbidity as classified by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptoms of different origins.Methods:In the neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) clinic of the Leiden University Medical Center, patients undergo a standardized multidisciplinary assessment by a neurologist, neuropsychologist, vascular internal medicine, rheumatologist, physician assistant and psychiatrist. After two weeks, a multidisciplinary consensus meeting takes place, in which the symptoms are attributed to SLE requiring treatment (major NPSLE) or to minor involvement of SLE or other causes (minor/non-NPSLE). Consecutive patients visiting the NPSLE clinic between 2007-2019 were included. Data of psychiatric evaluation and current medication use were extracted from medical records. The presence of cognitive dysfunction was established during formal neuropsychological assessment.Results:371 consecutive SLE patients were included, of which 110 patients had major NPSLE (30%). Mean age was 44 ± 14 years and 87% was female.The most frequently diagnosed psychiatric disorders in the total group were cognitive dysfunction (42%) and depression (23%), as shown in Table 1. Furthermore, anxiety was present in 5% and psychotic disorders in 4% of patients. In patients with minor/non-NPSLE, especially depression (26% vs 15%) and anxiety (6% vs 2%) were more common than in major NPSLE. Cognitive dysfunction (54% vs 36%) and psychotic disorders (6% vs 4%) were more common in patients with major NPSLE than minor/non-NPSLE.Psychiatric medication was used in 33% of patients, of which antidepressants and benzodiazepines the most frequently (both: 18% in both subgroups). Antipsychotics were more often used in patients with NPSLE (10% vs 7%) and benzodiazepines more often in minor/non-NPSLE (20% vs 14%).In addition, 17 patients (5%) had a history of suicide attempt, which was more common in patients with minor/non-NPSLE than major NPSLE (6% vs 2%).Conclusion:Psychiatric morbidity, especially cognitive dysfunction and depression, are common in patients with lupus and differ between underlying cause of the neuropsychiatric symptoms (minor/non-NPSLE vs major NPSLE).Table 1.Presence of psychiatric diagnoses in patients with SLE and neuropsychiatric symptomsAll patients(n = 371)Minor/non-NPSLE(n = 261)Major NPSLE(n = 110)DSM V diagnosis, n (%)Neurodevelopmental disorder5 (1)2 (1)3 (2)Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders16 (4)10 (4)6 (6)Bipolar and related disorders7 (2)5 (2)2 (2)Depressive disorders84 (23)68 (26)16 (15)Anxiety disorders17 (5)15 (6)2 (2)Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders1 (0)1 (0)0 (0)Trauma- and Stressor-Related Disorders16 (4)12 (5)4 (3)Dissociative Disorders2 (1)2 (1)0 (0)Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders1 (0)1 (0)0 (0)Feeding and Eating Disorders0 (0)1 (0)0 (0)Elimination Disorders0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Sleep-wake disorders2 (1)2 (1)0 (0)Sexual dysfunctions0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Gender dysphoria0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Disruptive, Impulse-Control, and Conduct Disorder0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Substance-related and addictive disorders9 (2)8 (3)1 (1)Cognitive dysfunction154 (42)95 (36)59 (54)Personality disorders10 (3)9 (3)1 (1)Paraphilic disorders0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Other mental disorders12 (3)7 (3)5 (5)Medication-Induced Movement Disorders and Other Adverse Effects of Medication0 (0)0 (0)0 (0)Unknown3 (1)3 (1)0 (0)NPSLE = neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Tye, Christine S., and Paul E. Mullen. "Mental Disorders in Female Prisoners." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 3 (March 2006): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01784.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the rates of mental disorder among women in prison in Victoria, and to compare with community rates. Design: A midnight census of all women in prison in Victoria was undertaken. Respondents were interviewed with a version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), an adapted version of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire (PDQ-4+) and a demographics questionnaire. Main Outcome Measures: Twelve-month prevalence rates of ICD-10 mental disorders including depressive disorders, anxiety disorders and drug-related disorders were examined. Prevalence of personality disorders was also investigated. Results: Eighty-four per cent of the female prisoners interviewed met the criteria for a mental disorder (including substance harmful use/dependence) in the year prior to interview. This rate was reduced to 66% when drug-related disorders were excluded. Fortythree per cent of subjects were identified as cases on a personality disorder screener. For all disorders, (except obsessive-compulsive disorder and alcohol harmful use) women in prison had a significantly greater likelihood of having met the 12-month diagnostic criteria when compared to women in the community. The most prevalent disorders among the female prisoners were: drug use disorder (57%), major depression (44%), Posttraumatic stress disorder (36%), and personality disorders. Almost a quarter (24%) of respondents were identified as a ‘case’ on the psychosis screen. Conclusions: In the present study female prisoners had significantly higher rates of the mental disorders investigated (with the exceptions of OCD and alcohol harmful use) when compared with women in the community. The pattern of disorder found among female prisoners is consistent with the abuse literature, suggesting that histories of abuse among the prison population may account for part of the discrepancy. These results highlight the need for improved assessment and treatment resources to meet the demands of this population.
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Suvisaari, J., T. Aalto-Setälä, A. Tuulio-Henriksson, T. Härkänen, S. I. Saarni, J. Perälä, M. Schreck, et al. "Mental disorders in young adulthood." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 2 (May 28, 2008): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003632.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundThe effect of mental disorders may be particularly detrimental in early adulthood, and information on mental disorders and their correlates in this age group is important.MethodA questionnaire focusing on mental health was sent to a nationally representative two-stage cluster sample of 1863 Finns aged 19 to 34 years. Based on a mental health screen, all screen-positives and a random sample of screen-negatives were asked to participate in a mental health assessment, consisting of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I) interview and neuropsychological assessment. We also obtained case-notes from all lifetime mental health treatments. This paper presents prevalences, sociodemographic associations and treatment contacts for current and lifetime mental disorders.ResultsForty percent of these young Finnish adults had at least one lifetime DSM-IV Axis I disorder, and 15% had a current disorder. The most common lifetime disorders were depressive disorders (17.7%) followed by substance abuse or dependence (14.2%) and anxiety disorders (12.6%). Of persons with any lifetime Axis I disorder, 59.2% had more than one disorder. Lower education and unemployment were strongly associated with current and lifetime disorders, particularly involving substance use. Although 58.3% of persons with a current Axis I disorder had received treatment at some point, only 24.2% had current treatment contact. However, 77.1% of persons with a current Axis I disorder who felt in need of treatment for mental health problems had current treatment contact.ConclusionsMental disorders in young adulthood are common and often co-morbid, and they may be particularly harmful for education and employment in this age group.
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Kardis, Mahesa Permana, and Alifiati Fitrikasari. "Mental Disorder in Obesity." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 7 (July 30, 2021): 2029–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211572029.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Obesity is a condition of incompatibility between body weight and height that shows a value above the normal range of body mass index. Obesity has an impact on the individual's psychological developmental processes. Limitations of Research on the relationship between obesity and mental disorders lead researchers to be interested in knowing whether there are incidents and types of mental disorders in obese individuals. Objective: To investigate mental disorders in individual with obesity. Methods: This was an observational and cross-sectional study. A total of 45 respondents who met the inclusion criteria according to WHO Asia Pacific obesity criteria (BMI ≥ 25 Kg/m2) were screened using MINI ICD 10. Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney Test and Fisher’s Exact Test to determine the relationship of mental disorders incident with the demographic characteristics of respondents. Gamma and Mann-Whitney tests were used to determine the relationship between mental disorders types with the demographic characteristics of respondents. Results: There were eight of 45 respondents experiencing mental disorders. The study found that three respondents were diagnosed with general anxiety disorder, three with depression, one with distimia, and one with mania at past. There was no significant relationship between mental disorders incidents and demographic characteristics. The relationship between types of mental disorders with a history of mental disorders in the nuclear family showed significant results. Conclusion: There were mental disorders in obese individuals. Most mental disorders diagnosis were depression and general anxiety disorder. Keywords: Obesity, Mental disorder
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NA, Aliyev. "Covid-19 Pandemic And Mental Disorders." Journal of Clinical Research and Reports 5, no. 3 (September 14, 2020): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2690-1919/110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: The literature on psychiatric disorders associated with the coronavirus pandemic is scarce. In publications, indicate increased anxiety, depression, aggression of other mental disorders. However, there are practically isolated cases of mental disorders associated with a pandemic of coronavirus disease. Materials and Methods: Eligible 50 participants to meeting the DSM-5 criteria for nosophobia, anxiety, and exacerbation of the main diseases of patients with mental. Results: All examined individuals showed various mental disorders. Conclusion: despite the fact that the patients examined by us did not suffer from the disease, COVID-19, but they had mental disorders of varying degrees: from neurotic to psychotic disorders.
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Azharuddin, Syed, Katherine Vital-Daley, Victoria Mustovic, Tanya Marshall, Bob Calvin, Tiffany DuMont, Gary Swanson, and Bill Barker. "Mental Health in Women." Critical Care Nursing Quarterly 46, no. 4 (October 2023): 336–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cnq.0000000000000471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mental health illness has been increasing worldwide. The prevalence of mental illness and is higher among females than among males. It is estimated that one in 5 women experience a common mental health disorder. This article highlights gender disparities in the risk, prevalence, and presentation of different mental health disorders. Nearly all survivors of critical illness experience 1 or more domains of the post–intensive care syndrome. We review different mental health disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, psychotic disorders, and post–intensive care syndrome, and medications used to manage these disorders. Delirium in the intensive care unit can be misdiagnosed as a primary psychiatric disorder and is important to distinguish from each other. We also highlight the inadequacy of surveillance and recognition of mental health disorders in the intensive care unit, leading to missed opportunities to properly manage these important psychiatric conditions.
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&NA;, &NA;. "MENTAL DISORDERS." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 18, no. 5 (October 1997): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199710000-00025.
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Glass, Richard M. "Mental Disorders." JAMA 274, no. 19 (November 15, 1995): 1557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530190071036.
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Antunes, Ana, Diana Frasquilho, Sofia Azeredo-Lopes, Daniel Neto, Manuela Silva, Graça Cardoso, and José Miguel Caldas-de-Almeida. "Disability and common mental disorders: Results from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative Portugal." European Psychiatry 49 (2018): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.12.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBackgroundCommon mental disorders are highly prevalent and disabling, leading to substantial individual and societal costs. This study aims to characterize the association between disability and common mental disorders in Portugal, using epidemiological data from the World Mental Health Survey Initiative.MethodsTwelve-month common mental disorders were assessed with the CIDI 3.0. Disability was evaluated with the modified WMHS WHODAS-II. Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between disability and each disorder or diagnostic category (mood or anxiety disorders).ResultsAmong people with a common mental disorder, 14.6% reported disability. The specific diagnoses significantly associated with disability were post-traumatic stress disorder (OR: 6.69; 95% CI: 3.20, 14.01), major depressive disorder (OR: 3.49; 95% CI: 2.13, 5.72), bipolar disorder (OR: 3.41; 95% CI: 1.04, 11.12) and generalized anxiety disorder (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1.43, 6.90). Both categories of anxiety and mood disorders were significantly associated with disability (OR: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.86 and OR: 3.94; 95% CI: 2.45, 6.34 respectively).ConclusionsThe results of this study add to the current knowledge in this area by assessing the disability associated with common mental disorders using a multi-dimensional instrument, which may contribute to mental health policy efforts in the development of interventions to reduce the burden of disability associated with common mental disorders.
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Kharchenko, Yevhen, and Liana Onufriieva. "Psychological Rehabilitation of Combatants with Mental Disorders and Mental Trauma." Collection of Research Papers "Problems of Modern Psychology", no. 61 (September 28, 2023): 51–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32626/2227-6246.2023-61.51-73.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this article is to introduce the concept of Psychologicallysomatic stress, to describe types of military stress, to show the principles of use the method of Positive Psychotherapy for psychological rehabilitation of combatants with mental disorders. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling, generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. We also used the method of Positive Psychotherapy. The results of the research. According to combatants we distinguish the following types of stress: Chronic constant (or prolonged) stress. It is determined by a constant (or prolonged) serious load on a person and causes increased neuropsychological and physiological tension of the body. Acute situational stress is caused by a certain event or phenomenon, as a result of which a person loses his/her mental balance. Constant physiological stress is associated with physical overloads of the body and the influence of various harmful environmental factors on it (uncomfortable temperature, high noise level, etc.). Psychological stress is a consequence of: violation of the psychological stability of the person (for example, affected self-esteem, negative reasons of war, etc.); psychological overload of the person (increased responsibility, large amount of war destroyed activity, etc.). The subtype of Psychological stress is the Emotional stress, that occurs when there is a threat, danger or fear. Informative stress is determined by information overload or information vacuum. Conclusions. The solution of the problem by using the method of Positive Psychotherapy has to be in such a way, that torments, the patient must always go through five main stages: 1. Looking at the situation from a distance. 2. Careful study of each individual detail, without exception, all the nuances. 3. Situational agreements. 4. Verbalization. In Psychology, this is the formalization of feelings and emotions into verbal-logical forms. In simple words, this is a description of how a person feels when he/she is thinking about a problem. 5. Expanding boundaries, setting new goals and drawing up a plan of the action. The main goal of each session is to free a person from the burden with which he/she came. And you need to do it right now, at the current moment in time. Interestingly, according to this scheme, specialists in Positive Psychology build communication with absolutely all their clients, regardless of their problem.
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de Jonge, Peter, Klaas J. Wardenaar, Carmen C. W. Lim, Sergio Aguilar-Gaxiola, Jordi Alonso, Laura Helena Andrade, Brendan Bunting, et al. "The cross-national structure of mental disorders: results from the World Mental Health Surveys." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 12 (December 19, 2017): 2073–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291717003610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBackgroundThe patterns of comorbidity among mental disorders have led researchers to model the underlying structure of psychopathology. While studies have suggested a structure including internalizing and externalizing disorders, less is known with regard to the cross-national stability of this model. Moreover, little data are available on the placement of eating disorders, bipolar disorder and psychotic experiences (PEs) in this structure.MethodsWe evaluated the structure of mental disorders with data from the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, including 15 lifetime mental disorders and six PEs. Respondents (n= 5478–15 499) were included from 10 high-, middle- and lower middle-income countries across the world aged 18 years or older. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were used to evaluate and compare the fit of different factor structures to the lifetime disorder data. Measurement invariance was evaluated with multigroup CFA (MG-CFA).ResultsA second-order model with internalizing and externalizing factors and fear and distress subfactors best described the structure of common mental disorders. MG-CFA showed that this model was stable across countries. Of the uncommon disorders, bipolar disorder and eating disorder were best grouped with the internalizing factor, and PEs with a separate factor.ConclusionsThese results indicate that cross-national patterns of lifetime common mental-disorder comorbidity can be explained with a second-order underlying structure that is stable across countries and can be extended to also cover less common mental disorders.
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Emmelkamp, Paul M. G., and Katharina Meyerbröker. "Virtual Reality Therapy in Mental Health." Annual Review of Clinical Psychology 17, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 495–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-081219-115923.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Initially designed for the treatment of phobias, the use of virtual reality in phobic disorders has expanded to other mental health disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder, substance-related disorders, eating disorders, psychosis, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of this review is to provide an accessible understanding of why this approach is important for future practice, given its potential to provide clinically relevant information associated with the assessment and treatment of people suffering from mental illness. Most of the evidence is available for the use of virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is hardly any evidence that virtual reality therapy is effective in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. There is increasing evidence that cue exposure therapy is effective in addiction and eating disorders. Studies into the use of virtual reality therapy in psychosis, autism spectrum disorder, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are promising.
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Bolsoni, Lívia Maria, Leonardo Moscovici, João Mazzoncini De Azevedo Marques, and Antonio Waldo Zuardi. "Specific mental disorder screening compilation may detect general mental disorders." Revista Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade 13, no. 40 (April 30, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5712/rbmfc13(40)1685.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To evaluate whether a short compilation of screening tools for specific disorders could identify Mental or Emotional Disorders (MEDs) in the general population. Methods: We selected validated screening tools for the most prevalent MEDs. In order to be selected, these tools should maintain the psychometric properties of the complete instrument with a reduced number of items. These instruments were: Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-2 (GAD-2), item 3 of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), and three items on the Adolescent Psychotic-Like Symptom Screener (APSS-3). We called this compilation of screening tools Mini Screening for Mental Disorders (Mini-SMD). The study was divided in two phases. Firstly, 545 subjects were interviewed with the Mini-SMD and COOP/WONCA-Feelings at their residences. Subsequently, subjects who had agreed to participate (230) were reinterviewed with Mini-SMD, COOP/WONCA-Feelings and MINI interview. Test-retest reliability was calculated by Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were generated for the analysis of discriminative validity. Concurrent validity was calculated by analyzing the correlation between Mini-SMD and COOP/WONCA-Feelings. Results: The joint administration of screening tools for specific disorders showed sensitivities that ranged from 0.76 to 0.88 and specificities from 0.67 to 0.85. The ICC value for the total score of Mini-SMD was 0.78. The area under the curve was 0.84, with a sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.76 (for a cutoff ≥ 4). Conclusion: This study showed that a short compilation of screening tools for specific disorders can detect MEDs in general population.
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Oevreboe, Tom Henning, Andreas Ivarsson, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen, Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen, Anne Reneflot, and Anne Marte Pensgaard. "Mental health problems in elite sport: the difference in the distribution of mental distress and mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes." BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine 9, no. 3 (July 2023): e001538. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2023-001538.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ObjectivesTo, based on diagnostic interviews, investigate the distribution of mental disorders among a sample of Norwegian elite athletes with ‘at-risk scores’ on a self-report questionnaire measuring symptoms of mental health problems. Then, to investigate the relationship between ‘at-risk scores’ and diagnosed mental disorders.MethodsA two-phase, cross-sectional design was used. In phase 1, 378 elite athletes completed a questionnaire, including validated self-report psychiatric instruments assessing symptoms of mental disorders. In phase 2, we assessed the 30-day presence of the same disorders through diagnostic interviews with the athletes with ‘at-risk scores’ using the fifth version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview.ResultsTwo hundred and eighty athletes (74.1%) had an ‘at-risk score,’ and 106 of these athletes (37.9%) completed diagnostic interviews. Forty-seven athletes (44.3%) were diagnosed with a mental disorder. Sleep problems (24.5%) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and OCD-related disorders (18.9%), mainly represented by body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), were most common. Anxiety disorders (6.6%), eating disorders (5.7%) and alcohol use disorder (≤4.7%) were less frequent. Affective disorders, gambling and drug use disorder were not present. Results from self-report questionnaires did not, in most cases, adequately mirror the number of mental disorders identified using diagnostic interviews.ConclusionsUsing self-report questionnaires to map mental distress among elite athletes can be beneficial. If the aim, however, is to investigate mental disorders, one should move beyond self-report questionnaires and use diagnostic interviews and diagnostic instruments. In our study, sleep problems and BDD were the most prevalent. Longitudinal studies are needed to investigate these findings further.
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Baxter, Joanne, Te Kani Kingi, Rees Tapsell, Mason Durie, and Magnus A. Mcgee. "Prevalence of Mental Disorders Among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 10 (October 2006): 914–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01911.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: To describe the prevalence of mental disorders (period prevalence across aggregated disorders, 12 month and lifetime prevalence) among Māori in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey. Method: Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey, undertaken between 2003 and 2004, was a nationally representative face-to-face household survey of 12 992 New Zealand adults aged 16 years and over, including 2595 Māori. Ethnicity was measured using the 2001 New Zealand census ethnicity question. A fully structured diagnostic interview, the World Health Organization World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0), was used to measure disorder. The overall response rate was 73.3%. This paper presents selected findings for the level and pattern of mental disorder prevalence among Māori. Results: Māori lifetime prevalence of any disorder was 50.7%, 12 month prevalence 29.5% and 1 month prevalence 18.3%. The most common 12 month disorders were anxiety (19.4%), mood (11.4%) and substance (8.6%) disorders and the most common lifetime disorders were anxiety (31.3%), substance (26.5%) and mood (24.3%) disorders. Levels of lifetime comorbidity were high with 12 month prevalence showing 16.4% of Māori with one disorder, 7.6% with two disorders and 5.5% with three or more disorders. Twelvemonth disorders were more common in Māori females than in males (33.6% vs 24.8%) and in younger age groups: 16–24 years, 33.2%; 25–44 years, 32.9%; 45–64 years, 23.7%; and 65 years and over, 7.9%. Disorder prevalence was greatest among Māori with the lowest equivalized household income and least education. However, differences by urbanicity and region were not significant. Of Māori with any 12 month disorder, 29.6% had serious, 42.6% had moderate and 27.8% had mild disorders. Conclusion: Mental disorders overall and specific disorder groups (anxiety, mood and substance) are common among Māori and measures of severity indicate that disorders have considerable health impact. Findings provide a platform for informing public health policy and health sector responses to meeting mental health needs of Māori.
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Gaebel, W. "E-Mental Health for Mental Disorders–Focus on Psychotic Disorders and PTSD." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
IntroductionE- mental health technologies have developed rapidly over the past years and may support finding solutions to challenges like scarce resources or the treatment gap in psychiatry.ObjectivesProvision of guidance on eMental health technologies in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder and psychotic disorders.MethodsTwo evidence- and consensus-based EPA Guidance papers on eMental health technologies for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and psychotic disorders were developed.ConclusionsThe evidence on the efficacy of e-mental health interventions for the treatment of PTSD and psychotic disorders is promising. However, more research is needed in the field.Disclosure of interestUnterstützung bei Symposien/Symposia Support− Janssen-Cilag GmbH, Neuss− Aristo Pharma GmbH, Berlin− Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Bad Homburg− Servier Deutschland GmbH, MünchenFakultätsmitglied/Faculty Member− Lundbeck International Neuroscience Foundation (LINF), Dänemark
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Joubert, Callie. "Are Mental Disorders Brain Disorders?" Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 17, no. 3 (2015): 185–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1559-4343.17.3.185.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The mission of the U.S. National Institute of Mental Health is to transform understanding and treatment of mental disorders. According to its former director, Dr. Thomas Insel, fundamental to its mission is the proposition that “mental illnesses are brain disorders.” The aim of this article is to examine this proposition and to argue that it does not make sense. As a scientific proposition, it is based on contentious empirical claims, and as a metaphysical proposition, it is consistent with those who claim that a person is a brain. A conceptual analysis is employed as a tool to show that it is a category mistake to ascribe psychological properties of a person to a brain. The article concludes with a brief indication of the ethical implications of Insel’s proposition for mental health care.
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Galiullina, L. K., and D. M. Mendelevich. "Mental disorders with voice disorders." Neurology Bulletin XXXIV, no. 1-2 (April 15, 2002): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb87575.
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The first mention of the relationship of voice disorders with the mental state of a person was made back in 1890 by F.E. Ingals, who viewed aphonia as a form of hysteria. R. Jane in 1920. in his work "The main symptoms of hysteria" he considered "sudden paralysis or loss of voice" as one of the "salutary ways out of the situation", when patients can show "a perverse attitude towards reality through the demonstration of their incapacity." D.K. Wilson (1990) notes the influence of a person's mental state on such parameters of a voice as loudness, pitch, pitch variation and voice quality. Curtis (1967) considered one of the causes of voice disorders in children to be poor adaptability to the environment and poor relationships between parents and children, lack of mutual understanding in interpersonal contacts. According to Andrews (1988), when testing patients with vocal disorders, a significant increase in the so-called cases of "conflict in expressing one's feelings through speech" was found.
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Bandmann, Oliver, and Wolfgang H. Oertel. "Mental disorders in movement disorders." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (May 1998): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199805000-00014.
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Riemann, Dieter, and Mathias Berger. "Sleep disorders and mental disorders." Current Opinion in Psychiatry 11, no. 3 (May 1998): 327–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001504-199805000-00016.
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Vasilieva, S. N., G. G. Simutkin, E. D. Schastnyy, E. V. Lebedeva, and N. A. Bokhan. "Bipolar Disorder: Comorbidity with Other Mental Disorders." Psikhiatriya 19, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/2618-6667-2021-19-3-15-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Failure to diagnose bipolar disorder (BD) in time leads to an increase in suicide risk, worse prognosis of the disease, and an increase in the socioeconomic burden. Aim: to assess the incidence of comorbidity of bipolar disorder (BD) and other mental and behavioral disorders, as well as the sequence of formation of this multimorbidity. Patients and methods: in the Affective States Department of the Mental Health Research Institute TNRMC, 121 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were selected for the study group according to the ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. The predominance of women in the study group was revealed (n = 83; 68.6%; p < 0.01). Median age of male patients was 36 [30; 54] years, for females — 47 [34; 55] years. Results: data were obtained on a high level of comorbidity in the study group: in 46.3% of patients, BD was combined with another mental disorder. It was found that personality disorders as a comorbid disorder in type I bipolar disorder are less common than in type II bipolar disorder. Gender differences were found in the incidence of anxiety-phobic spectrum and substance use disorders in bipolar disorder. The features of the chronology of the development of bipolar disorder and associated mental disorders have been revealed. Conclusion: in the case of bipolar disorder, there is a high likelihood of comorbidity with other mental disorders. Certain patterns in the chronology of the formation of comorbid relationships between BD and concomitant mental and behavioral disorders were revealed.
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Plana-Ripoll, Oleguer, Natalie Momen, Nanna Weye, and John McGrath. "O7.1. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PATTERNS OF COMORBID MENTAL DISORDERS AND MORTALITY-RELATED ESTIMATES. A NATIONWIDE, REGISTER-BASED COHORT STUDY BASED ON 7.5 MILLION INDIVIDUALS LIVING IN DENMARK." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa028.036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Background Comorbidity within mental disorders is common – individuals with one type of mental disorder are at increased risk of subsequently developing other types of disorders. Previous studies are usually restricted to temporally-ordered pairs of disorders. While more complex patterns of comorbidity have been described (e.g. internalizing and externalizing disorders), there is a lack of detailed information on the nature of the different sets of comorbid mental disorders. Additionally, mental disorders are associated with premature mortality, and people with two or more types of mental disorders have a shorter life expectancy compared to those with exactly one type of mental disorder. The aims of this study were to: (a) describe the prevalence and demographic correlates of combinations of mental disorders; and (b) estimate the excess mortality for each of these combinations. Methods We conducted a population-based cohort study including all 7,505,576 persons living in Denmark in 1995–2016. Information on mental disorders and mortality was obtained from national registers. First, we described the most common combinations of mental disorders defined by the ICD-10 F-subchapters (substance use disorders, schizophrenia spectrum disorder, mood disorders, neurotic disorders, etc.). Then, we investigated excess mortality using mortality rate ratios (MRRs) and differences in life expectancy after disease diagnosis compared to the general population of same sex and age. Results At the end of the 22-year observation, 6.2% individuals were diagnosed with exactly one type of disorder, 2.7% with exactly two, 1.1% with exactly three, and 0.5% with four or more types. The most prevalent mental disorders were neurotic disorders (4.6%) and mood disorders (3.8%), even when looking particularly at persons with a specific number of disorders (exactly one type, exactly two types, etc.). We observed 616 out of 1,024 possible sets of disorders, but the 52 most common sets (with at least 1,000 individuals each) represented 92.8% of all persons with diagnosed mental disorders. Mood and/or neurotic disorders, alone or in combination with other disorders, were present in 64.8% of individuals diagnosed with mental disorders. People with all combinations of mental disorders had higher mortality rates than those without any mental disorder diagnosis, with MRRs ranging from 1.10 (95% CI 0.67 – 1.84) for the two-disorder set of developmental-behavioral disorders to 5.97 (95% CI 5.52 – 6.45) for the three-disorder set of schizophrenia-neurotic-substance use disorders. Additionally, any combination of mental disorders was associated with shorter life expectancies compared to the general population, with estimates ranging from 5.06 years [95% CI 5.01 – 5.11] for the one-disorder set of organic disorders to 17.46 years [95% CI 16.86 – 18.03] for the three-disorder set of schizophrenia-personality-substance use disorders. Discussion Within those with mental disorders, approximately 2 out of 5 had two more types of mental disorders. Our study provides prevalence estimates of the most common sets of mental disorders – mood disorders (e.g. depression) and neurotic disorders (e.g. anxiety) commonly co-occur, and contribute to many different sets of comorbid mental disorders. The association between mental disorders comorbidity and mortality-related estimates revealed the prominent role of substance use disorders with respect to both elevated mortality rates and reduced life expectancies. Substance use disorders are relatively common, and these disorders often feature in sets of mental disorders. In light of the substantial contribution to premature mortality, efforts related to the ‘primary prevention of secondary comorbidity’ warrant added scrutiny.
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Hsieh, Ming-Hong, Po-Chung Ju, Jeng-Yuan Chiou, Yu-Hsun Wang, Jong-Yi Wang, and Cheng-Chen Chang. "Spousal Concordance and Cross-Disorder Concordance of Mental Disorders: A Nationwide Cohort Study." Psychiatry Investigation 19, no. 10 (October 25, 2022): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30773/pi.2022.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective Although both partners of a married couple can have mental disorders, the concordant and cross-concordant categories of disorders in couples remain unclear. Using national psychiatric population-based data only from patients with mental disorders, we examined married couples with mental disorders to examine spousal concordance and cross-disorder concordance across the full spectrum of mental disorders.Methods Data from the 1997 to 2012 Taiwan Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claims data set were used and a total of 662 married couples were obtained. Concordance of mental disorders was determined if both spouses were diagnosed with mental disorder of an identical category in the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification; otherwise, cross-concordance was reported.Results According to Cohen’s kappa coefficient, the most concordant mental disorder in couples was substance use disorder, followed by bipolar disorder. Depressive and anxiety disorders were the most common cross-concordant mental disorders, followed by bipolar disorder. The prevalence of the spousal concordance of mental disorders differed by monthly income and the couple’s age disparity.Conclusion Evidence of spousal concordance and cross-concordance for mental disorders may highlight the necessity of understanding the social context of marriage in the etiology of mental illness. Identifying the risk factors from a common environment attributable to mental disorders may enhance public health strategies to prevent and improve chronic mental illness of married couples.
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Maiese, Michelle. "Are All Mental Disorders Affective Disorders?" Passion: Journal of the European Philosophical Society for the Study of Emotions 1, no. 1 (June 9, 2023): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.59123/passion.v1i1.12728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A growing number of theorists have looked to the enactivist approach in philosophy of mind or the affordance-based approach from ecological psychology to make sense of a wide variety of phenomena; some theorists believe that these theoretical accounts can offer rich insights about the nature of mental disorders, their etiology, and their characteristic symptoms. I argue that theorists who adopt such approaches also should embrace the further claim that all mental disorders are affective disorders. First, enactivist accounts of mental disorder push us toward such a view insofar as they characterize such conditions in terms of disordered sense-making and conceptualize sense-making as fundamentally affective. Second, conceptions of mental disorder that emphasize affordance perception likewise motivate such a view insofar as they highlight the role that affectivity plays in the disclosure of action possibilities. What is more, both sense-making and affordance disclosure are best understood as processes of selective attention and responsiveness that rely heavily on affectivity. To illustrate and support these claims, I discuss how (a) language disturbances in schizophrenia and (b) “context blindness” in autism both result from disruptions to affectivity and selective attention that make it difficult for subjects to engage effectively with relevant affordances.
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Volel, B. A., D. S. Petelin, and D. O. Rozhkov. "Chronic back pain and mental disorders." Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics 11, no. 2S (June 22, 2019): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14412/2074-2711-2019-2s-17-24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chronic back pain is a significant biomedical problem due to its high prevalence and negative impact on quality of life and socioeconomic indicators. Mental disorders play a substantial role in the genesis of chronic pain. This review discusses the issues of back pain comorbid with depressive, anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and somatoform disorder. It also considers the features of the clinical manifestations of pain associated with mental disorders. There are data on the neurobiological relationship between pain and mental disorders and on the personality traits of patients with chronic back pain.
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Popper, Charles W., Glen R. Elliott, and Shervert H. Frazier. "What's "Mental" about Mental Disorders?" Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology 1, no. 4 (January 1990): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cap.1990.1.261.
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Glass, Richard M. "Mental Health vs Mental Disorders." JAMA 303, no. 19 (May 19, 2010): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.618.
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Szabó, Kornélia, Ferenc Túry, and Edit Czeglédi. "Eating disorders and the media — magazine reading habits and their possible relationship to eating disorders." Mentálhigiéné és Pszichoszomatika 12, no. 4 (December 2011): 353–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/mental.12.2011.4.4.
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Gomes, Ana Paula, Ana Luiza G. Soares, Christian Kieling, Luis Augusto Rohde, and Helen Gonçalves. "Mental disorders and suicide risk in emerging adulthood: the 1993 Pelotas birth cohort." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (October 22, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.20190530012356.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of some mental disorders and suicide risk, and the association between them in youths. METHODS: Data from the 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort (Brazil) was used. The prevalence of mental disorders at 22 years [major depressive disorder (MDD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder (SAD), attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorders type 1 and 2 (BD1; BD2), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and antisocial personality disorder (APD)] and of suicide risk were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (n = 3,781). Comorbidity between disorders was also assessed. Association of each mental disorder and the number of disorders with suicide risk was assessed using Poisson regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of any mental disorder was 19.1% (95%CI 17.8–20.3), and GAD was the most prevalent (10.4%; 95%CI 9.5–11.4). The prevalence of current suicide risk was 8.8% (95%CI 5.9–9.7). All disorders (except APD) and the suicide risk were higher among women. Mental disorders were associated with a higher suicide risk, with the highest risks being observed for MDD (RR = 5.6; 95%CI 4.1–7.8) and PTSD (RR = 5.0; 95%CI 3.9–6.3). The higher the number of co-occurring mental disorders, the higher the risk of suicide. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings showed that about 20% of the youths had at least one mental disorder. However, this prevalence is underestimated since other relevant mental disorders were not assessed. Mental disorders were associated with higher suicide risk, especially the comorbidity between them
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Sander, Lasse, Leonie Rausch, and Harald Baumeister. "Effectiveness of Internet-Based Interventions for the Prevention of Mental Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 3 (August 17, 2016): e38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.6061.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Mental disorders are highly prevalent and associated with considerable disease burden and personal and societal costs. However, they can be effectively reduced through prevention measures. The Internet as a medium appears to be an opportunity for scaling up preventive interventions to a population level. Objective The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the current state of research on Internet-based interventions for the prevention of mental disorders to give a comprehensive overview of this fast-growing field. Methods A systematic database search was conducted (CENTRAL, Medline, PsycINFO). Studies were selected according to defined eligibility criteria (adult population, Internet-based mental health intervention, including a control group, reporting onset or severity data, randomized controlled trial). Primary outcome was onset of mental disorder. Secondary outcome was symptom severity. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Meta-analytical pooling of results took place if feasible. Results After removing duplicates, 1169 studies were screened of which 17 were eligible for inclusion. Most studies examined prevention of eating disorders or depression or anxiety. Two studies on posttraumatic stress disorder and 1 on panic disorder were also included. Overall study quality was moderate. Only 5 studies reported incidence data assessed by means of standardized clinical interviews (eg, SCID). Three of them found significant differences in onset with a number needed to treat of 9.3-41.3. Eleven studies found significant improvements in symptom severity with small-to-medium effect sizes (d=0.11- d=0.76) in favor of the intervention groups. The meta-analysis conducted for depression severity revealed a posttreatment pooled effect size of standardized mean difference (SMD) =−0.35 (95% CI, −0.57 to −0.12) for short-term follow-up, SMD = −0.22 (95% CI, −0.37 to −0.07) for medium-term follow-up, and SMD = −0.14 (95% CI, -0.36 to 0.07) for long-term follow-up in favor of the Internet-based psychological interventions when compared with waitlist or care as usual. Conclusions Internet-based interventions are a promising approach to prevention of mental disorders, enhancing existing methods. Study results are still limited due to inadequate diagnostic procedures. To be able to appropriately comment on effectiveness, future studies need to report incidence data assessed by means of standardized interviews. Public health policy should promote research to reduce health care costs over the long term, and health care providers should implement existing, demonstrably effective interventions into routine care.
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Scott, Kate M., Magnus A. McGee, Mark A. Oakley Browne, and J. Elisabeth Wells. "Mental Disorder Comorbidity in Te Rau Hinengaro: The New Zealand Mental Health Survey." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 10 (October 2006): 875–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01906.x.
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Objective: To show the extent and patterning of 12 month mental disorder comorbidity in the New Zealand population, and its association with case severity, suicidality and health service utilization. Method: A nationwide face-to-face household survey was carried out in October 2003 to December 2004 with 12 992 participants aged 16 years and over, achieving a response rate of 73.3%. The measurement of mental disorder was with the World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI 3.0). Comorbidity was analysed with hierarchy, consistent with a clinical approach to disorder count. Results: Comorbidity occurred among 37% of 12 month cases. Anxiety and mood disorders were most frequently comorbid. Strong bivariate associations occurred between alcohol and drug use disorders and, to a lesser extent, between substance use disorders and some anxiety and mood disorders. Comorbidity was associated with case severity, with suicidal behaviour (especially suicide attempts) and with health sector use (especially mental health service use). Conclusion: The widespread nature of mental disorder comorbidity has implications for the configuration of mental health services and for clinical practice.
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Reale, L., and M. Bonati. "Mental disorders and transition to adult mental health services: A scoping review." European Psychiatry 30, no. 8 (October 21, 2015): 932–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.07.011.
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AbstractBackgroundData are progressively accumulating regarding the transition to adult services.MethodsA comprehensive search using the MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases up until 16 March 2015 was conducted in order to summarize recent evidence on the transition from child to adult mental health services for patients with mental disorders. Authors extracted data and assessed study quality independently.ResultsThe main findings of the 33 included studies were discussed taking into consideration four aspects: experiences of patients, carers, and clinicians, accounts of transition, current services models and protocols, and outcomes of transition. Of the 33 studies, 17 focused on a specific mental disorder: seven on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, four on intellectual disability, three on eating disorders, two on serious emotional disorders and one on autism spectrum disorder. An attempt was also made to integrate the studies’ conclusions in order to improve transitional care.ConclusionsThe review reveals an evident need for longitudinal, controlled, health services research to identify and evaluate optimal service models with systematic and seamless transition protocols for patients with mental disorders requiring continuity of care into adult mental services.
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Alibudbud, Rowalt. "Impact of Mental Health Legislation on Public Interest and Awareness of Common Mental Disorders." Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 211, no. 10 (October 2023): 791–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0000000000001691.
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Abstract This study explored online public interest using search volumes for various mental disorders using an infodemiological design. Google Trends search volumes for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and substance abuse from January 2004 to December 2021 in the Philippines were described and compared. In addition, interrupted time series and mean comparisons were done to determine the impact of the Philippine Mental Health Act. Findings show that public interest was highest for major depressive disorder, followed by anxiety disorder, substance abuse, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Among them, public interest in schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and substance abuse improved following the Act's legislation. The uneven stigma of mental disorders and the incomplete implementation and unequal focus of Philippine mental health promotion programs can explain these findings. Thus, mental disorders with low public interest should be given attention in mental health awareness activities.
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Sandi, Rosalina, Sudirman Nasir, Apik Indarty Moedjiono, and Erniwati Ibrahim. "Knowledge and Understanding of Mental Disorders in Families of People with Mental Disorders." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, T2 (September 15, 2020): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.5210.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BACKGROUND: Utilization barriers of mental health services are the lack of knowledge about mental health.
AIM: This study aimed to identify the knowledge and understanding of the families of people with mental disorders about mental disorders.
METHODS: This study is a qualitative research with phenomenological approach. Data were obtained by interview, unstructured observation, and documentation on seven informants in Puskesmas Larompong Luwu, South Sulawesi. Content analysis was used to identify topics or categories in the data.
RESULTS: The family of people with mental disorders still has negative views about people with mental disorders. People with mental disorders are often called the term “lunatic,” insane, scary, and dangerous. In addition, people with mental disorders regarded as a person who has a disease that makes people uncomfortable because of behavior that is unnatural. Families have an understanding that the causes of mental disorders associated with the occult and mystical or supernatural events. The factors that cause families have minimal understanding of the appropriate handling for people with mental disorders.
CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the knowledge and understanding of mental disorder which is owned by the family of people with mental disorders as the holder of a healing role in supporting people with mental disorders are lacking.
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Weye, Nanna, Natalie Momen, Maria Christensen, Kim Iburg, John McGrath, and Oleguer Plana-Ripoll. "S130. ALTERNATIVE METRICS TO QUANTIFY PREMATURE MORTALITY IN MENTAL DISORDERS. A POPULATION-BASED COHORT STUDY." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S84—S85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.196.
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Abstract Background The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study uses Years of Life Lost (YLLs) to quantify premature mortality. This is a useful metric from many perspectives, however because GBD acknowledges only a small number of mental disorders as causes of death (CoDs), the true impact of mental disorders on premature mortality is underestimated. Recently, methods have been introduced that compare people with a disorder to the general population by estimating Life Years Lost (LYLs). The aim of this study was to present register-based estimates of both YLLs and LYLs related to mental disorders. Methods We used nationwide registers to examine a cohort of all 6,989,627 people aged 0–94 years living in Denmark in 2000–2015. Using the GBD approved set of mental health-related CoDs (eating disorders, drug use disorders, alcohol use disorder and suicide), YLLs were estimated. In addition, we calculated all-cause and cause-specific differences in life expectancy after a mental disorder diagnosis as excess LYLs between those with a specific mental disorder and the age- and sex-matched general Danish population. The disorders of interest were alcohol use disorder, drug use disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, eating disorders, personality disorders, developmental intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorders, ADHD and conduct disorder. Excess LYLs related to counts of comorbid mental disorders were also examined (i.e. those diagnosed with at least two, three or four disorders). Results Alcohol use disorder and suicide were the leading causes of YLLs (alcohol use disorder: Men 568.7 YLLs, women 155.5 YLLs per 100,000 person-years; suicide: Men 590.1 YLLs, women 202.3 YLLs per 100,000 person-years). However, all mental disorders were associated with shorter life expectancies using LYLs. Men and women diagnosed with any mental disorder had 11.22 (95% CI 11.09; 11.35) and 7.89 (95% CI 7.76; 8.01) years shorter life expectancies respectively, and the difference increased in those with comorbid mental disorders. Drug use disorders were associated with the largest excess LYLs (17.99 (95% CI 17.49; 18.53) in men and 15.29 (95% CI 14.70; 15.88) in women), however common disorders such as depressive disorders and anxiety disorders were also associated with substantive premature mortality (e.g. in men, 8.27 and 7.52 LYLs, respectively). Schizophrenia was associated with 13.80 (95% CI 13.47; 14.14) excess LYLs in men and 11.77 (95% CI 11.38; 12.13) in women. Discussion Register-based studies allow the calculation of precise individual YLLs and LYLs. The novel LYL metric seems to better capture the true impact of mental disorders on premature mortality and also facilitates the exploration of comorbidity and specific CoDs in those with mental disorders.
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Chong, Siow Ann, Edimansyah Abdin, Luo Nan, Janhavi A. Vaingankar, and Mythily Subramaniam. "Prevalence and Impact of Mental and Physical Comorbidity in the Adult Singapore Population." Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 41, no. 3 (March 15, 2012): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v41n3p105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction: This study aims to assess the prevalence rates of mental disorders and chronic medical conditions in the Singapore resident population, and examine their association and respective impact on the quality of life. Materials and Methods: A household survey was carried out on a nationally representative sample of the adult (18 years and above) resident population. The main instrument used to establish the diagnosis of mental disorders is the World Mental Health Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI). The mental disorders included in study were major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, generalised anxiety disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence. Respondents were asked if they had any of the chronic medical conditions from a list of 15 conditions. Health-related quality of life was assessed with the EQ-5D. Results: Of the 6616 respondents, the lifetime prevalence of mental disorders was 12.0%, and that of chronic medical disorders were 42.6% and those with comorbid mental and medical disorders was 6.1%. The prevalence of any physical disorder in this population was high (42.6%). Among those with chronic physical disorders, 14.3% also had a mental disorder, and among those with mental disorders, more than half (50.6%) had a medical disorder. Most of the mental disorders were not treated. Males, Indians, older people, and those who were separated or divorced were more likely to have comorbidity. The health-related quality of life was significant worse in those with both mental and medical disorders compared to those with either mental or medical disorder. Conclusion: Our study re-emphasised the common occurrence of mental and medical disorders and the importance for an integrated care system with the capability to screen and treat both types of disorders. It also identified certain subpopulations which are more likely to have comorbidity for which a more targeted intervention could be planned. Key words: Chronic conditions, Ethnicity, Health-related quality of life, Marital status
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Waszkiewicz, Napoleon. "Mentally Sick or Not—(Bio)Markers of Psychiatric Disorders Needed." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2020): 2375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082375.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Psychiatric disorders, also called mental illnesses or mental disorders, constitute a wide group of disorders including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and other psychoses, anxiety disorders (ANX), substance-related disorders (SRD), dementia, developmental disorders e [...]
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Rymaszewska, J., J. Jarosz-Nowak, A. Kiejna, T. Kallert, M. Schützwohl, S. Priebe, D. Wright, P. Nawka, and J. Raboch. "Social disability in different mental disorders." European Psychiatry 22, no. 3 (April 2007): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2006.11.006.
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AbstractObjectiveTo assess the social disability of people with different psychiatric disorders.MethodsCross-site survey in five psychiatric hospitals (Dresden, Wrocław, London, Michalovce and Prague). Working-aged patients diagnosed (ICD-10) with schizophrenia and related disorders (F2), affective disorders (F3), anxiety disorders (F4), eating disorders (F5) and personality disorders (F6), were assessed at admission (n = 969) and 3 months after discharge (n = 753) using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and the Groningen Social Disability Schedule. The main outcome measure was Interviewer-rated social disability.ResultsDuring acute episodes patients with personality, eating and schizophrenic disorders functioned less effectively than those with affective or anxiety disorders. After controlling for age and severity of psychopathology, there was no significant effect of the diagnosis (during remission), sex, education and history of disorder on disability. Site, employment and partnership were significant factors for the level of social disability in both measure points.ConclusionSeverity of psychopathological symptoms, not the diagnosis of a mental disorder, was the most significant factor in determining the level of social functioning, particularly during the remission period. Site, employment and partnership appeared as significant factors influencing the level of social disability.
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Borges, Guilherme, Corina Benjet, Ricardo Orozco, Yesica Albor, Eunice V. Contreras, Iris R. Monroy-Velasco, Praxedis C. Hernández-Uribe, et al. "Internet Gaming Disorder Does Not Predict Mood, Anxiety or Substance Use Disorders in University Students: A One-Year Follow-Up Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 3 (January 23, 2023): 2063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We seek to evaluate whether Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) among university students in Mexico during their first year at university predicts a long list of mental disorders a year later, controlling for baseline mental health disorders as well as demographics. This is a prospective cohort study with a one-year follow-up period conducted during the 2018–2019 academic year and followed up during the 2019–2020 academic year at six Mexican universities. Participants were first-year university students (n = 1741) who reported symptoms compatible with an IGD diagnosis at entry (baseline). Outcomes are seven mental disorders (mania, hypomania, and major depressive episodes; generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder; alcohol use disorder and drug use disorder), and three groups of mental disorders (mood, anxiety, and substance use disorders) at the end of the one-year follow-up. Fully adjusted models, that included baseline controls for groups of mental disorders, rendered all associations null. The association between baseline IGD and all disorders and groups of disorders at follow-up was close to one, suggesting a lack of longitudinal impact of IGD on mental disorders. Conflicting results from available longitudinal studies on the role of IGD in the development of mental disorders warrant further research.
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Kuruppuarachchi, K. A. L. A., and A. Hapangama. "Postnatal mental disorders." Ceylon Medical Journal 54, no. 2 (July 24, 2009): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/cmj.v54i2.792.
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Anonymous. "Mental Health Disorders*." Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services 35, no. 1 (January 1997): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0279-3695-19970101-10.
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MAEDA, Kiyoshi. "Traumatic Mental Disorders." Zen Nihon Shinkyu Gakkai zasshi (Journal of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion) 51, no. 1 (2001): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3777/jjsam.51.2.
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Wahlström, J. "Inherited mental disorders." Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 80, no. 2 (August 1989): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb01311.x.
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Oliver, R., and T. Thayer. "Mental health disorders." British Dental Journal 227, no. 7 (October 2019): 539–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-0844-z.
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Tu, T. T. H., Y. Abiko, and A. Toyofuku. "Mental health disorders." British Dental Journal 227, no. 12 (December 2019): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-019-1054-4.
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Oliver, R. "Mental health disorders." British Dental Journal 228, no. 9 (May 2020): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41415-020-1590-y.
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SCHWARTZ, MICHAEL ALAN, and OSBORNE P. WIGGINS. "Organic Mental Disorders." American Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 11 (November 1992): 1616—b—1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.11.1616-b.
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