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Статті в журналах з теми "Merino sheep Nutrition"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 8 лютого 2022

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1

Martin, Graeme B., Soedjiharti Tjondronegoro, Rachid Boukhliq, Margaret A. Blackberry, Jan R. Briegel, Dominique Blache, James A. Fisher, and Norman R. Adams. "Determinants of the annual pattern of reproduction in mature male Merino and Suffolk sheep: modification of endogenous rhythms by photoperiod." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 11, no. 6 (1999): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00005.

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In mediterranean environments, pastures are very poor during the autumn and consequently small ruminants, such as sheep, would have been losing body mass for many months so, during mating, gamete production would be depressed in both sexes. Effectively, the nutritive requirements for a photo-period-driven, annual reproductive cycle are out of phase with seasonal changes in food availability. The problem could be overcome through more flexible timing of reproduction, perhaps explaining variations in seasonality between breeds that originate from differing latitudes. To study these concepts and

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2

Santiago, L. Lomas, D. Blache, M. A. Blackberry, G. B. Martin, and A. B. Mâncio. "309. Nutrition, insulin, leptin and puberty in Merino ram lambs." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 9 (2005): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb05abs309.

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Merino sheep developed in Mediterranean regions so are well adapted to acute changes in food availability. However, restricted intake during pregnancy, especially in animals that are pregnant over the dry summer, could limit the positive effects of a winter rainy season on fetal development. In this study, we tested whether the level of nutrition during pregnancy and during pre-pubertal development affected blood concentrations of insulin and leptin, scrotal circumference and age of puberty in male Merino lambs fed with pasture. During dry weather, pregnant sheep were supplemented ad libitum w

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3

Lv, Xuefeng, Lei Chen, Sangang He, Chenxi Liu, Bin Han, Zhilong Liu, Mayila Yusupu, et al. "Effect of Nutritional Restriction on the Hair Follicles Development and Skin Transcriptome of Chinese Merino Sheep." Animals 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2020): 1058. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10061058.

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The high concentration of secondary branched wool follicles is a distinctive feature of the Merino sheep. At present, the molecular control of the development and branching of secondary wool follicles (SF) remains elusive. To reveal the potential genes associated with the development of hair follicles, we investigated the characteristics of prenatal and postnatal development of wool follicles, and the transcriptional expression profile in fetuses/lambs from dams under either maternal maintenance or sub-maintenance (75% maintenance) nutrition. The density of SF and the ratio of SF to primary wo

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4

Hötzel, Maria J., Stephen W. Walkden-Brown, James S. Fisher, and Graeme B. Martin. "Determinants of the annual pattern of reproduction in mature male Merino and Suffolk sheep: responses to a nutritional stimulus in the breeding and non-breeding seasons." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 15, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd02024.

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This study was designed to test whether an acute improvement in diet would increase gonadotrophin secretion and testicular growth in strongly photoperiod-responsive Suffolk rams and weakly photoperiod-responsive Merino rams in both the breeding (February–March) and the non-breeding (July–August) seasons. Mature rams (n = 5 or 6) of these breeds were fed a maintenance diet (0.9 kg chaff + 100 g lupin grain) or the same diet supplemented with 1.5 kg lupin grain for 42 days in each season. Lupin grain is a rich source of both energy and protein. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle

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5

Warner, R. D., D. W. Pethick, P. L. Greenwood, E. N. Ponnampalam, R. G. Banks, and D. L. Hopkins. "Unravelling the complex interactions between genetics, animal age and nutrition as they impact on tissue deposition, muscle characteristics and quality of Australian sheep meat." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 10 (2007): 1229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07229.

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The combined effects of age and genetics and Poll Dorset sire and growth path were studied in two separate experiments (n = 595 and 627, respectively). In the first experiment, containing genotype crosses typically used in Australia (Merino, Poll Dorset, Border Leicester) and sires selected for growth or muscling, sheep were slaughtered at 4, 8, 14 and 22 months. The second experiment used Poll Dorset sires selected for high muscling, fat or growth with progeny having two levels of nutrition postweaning. Border Leicesters expressed higher levels of carcass fat percentage and intramuscular fat

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6

Wheeler, JL, HI Davies, DA Hedges, and PJ Reis. "Effects of nutrition and paring on linear hoof growth in sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 1 (1990): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9900197.

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Paring increased the linear hoof growth on the forefeet of Merino wethers by an average of 4.1% (P < 0.05) with a tendency for paring to promote faster growth on the medial digits. Effects of feeding these sheep with 400, 600, or 1000 g pelleted ration day-1 were assessed in a 4 X 4 Latin square design with 28-day periods using four measures of response. An extra (fifth) period was used to determine residual effects. The proportion of residual (carryover) to direct effect was much smaller for hoof growth than for wool. Hoof growth was not related to wool production. In another experiment, h

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7

van Burgel, A. J., C. M. Oldham, R. Behrendt, M. Curnow, D. J. Gordon, and A. N. Thompson. "The merit of condition score and fat score as alternatives to liveweight for managing the nutrition of ewes." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09146.

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The liveweight profile of Merino ewes is related to the production and profitability of the sheep enterprise, but few producers measure liveweight to manage the nutrition of Merino ewes. In this paper we examine the relationship between changes in liveweight and condition score using data from the Lifetimewool project and compare condition score and fat score as alternative monitoring tools. Analyses of liveweight and condition score data from 15 flocks of Merino ewes representing a range of different genotypes and environments showed that the relationship between change in liveweight and cond

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8

Hatcher, S., J. Eppleston, R. P. Graham, J. McDonald, S. Schlunke, B. Watt, and K. J. Thornberry. "Higher weaning weight improves postweaning growth and survival in young Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 48, no. 7 (2008): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07407.

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Two monitoring projects were conducted to investigate weaner mortality in commercial Merino flocks in the Yass and the Central Tablelands Rural Lands Protection Boards located in the Southern Tablelands agricultural region of New South Wales. The projects were conducted in Yass in 2005 and in the Central Tablelands in 2006. A random sample of weaners from four flocks in the Yass board and 11 flocks in the Central Tablelands board were regularly weighed, growth rates were calculated after weaning and survival was determined by the continuing presence of an individual weaner at subsequent weighi

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9

Adams, N. R., J. R. Briegel, and A. J. M. Ritchie. "Wool and liveweight responses to nutrition by Merino sheep genetically selected for high or low staple strength." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 48, no. 8 (1997): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97025.

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Анотація:

The biological mechanisms underlying differences in wool staple strength were examined in 2 groups of Merino sheep that have been genetically selected for high or low staple strength, while holding fibre diameter constant. The sheep were fed below maintenance for 87 days, and then re-fed ad libitum for 63 days with a diet containing either 9% or 23% crude protein, in a cross-over design, after which they returned to the paddock until shearing. The fleeces of the 2 groups differed in staple strength (25·2 v.17·5 N/ktex, P < 0·001) but were similar in mean fibre diameter and clean fleece weig

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10

Martin, Graeme B., Maria J. Hötzel, Dominique Blache, Stephen W. Walkden-Brown, Margaret A. Blackberry, Rachid Boukhliq, James S. Fisher, and David W. Miller. "Determinants of the annual pattern of reproduction in mature male Merino and Suffolk sheep: modification of responses to photoperiod by an annual cycle in food supply." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 14, no. 3 (2002): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd02010.

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Rams of a 'Mediterranean breed' (Merino) and a 'temperate breed' (Suffolk) were compared to determine how much of the differences between their reproductive seasons is owing to variation in their responses to photoperiodic and nutritional cues. In a previous study, both nutritional and photoperiodic inputs were held constant, and it was found that the two breeds show similar endogenous rhythms and, when the animals are challenged with a Mediterranean photoperiodic cycle, these endogenous rhythms are similarly modified. The present study tested whether an annual cycle in the supply of forage mi

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11

Foldes, Andrew, and Colin A. Maxwell. "Effect of pinealectomy and plane of nutrition on wool growth in Merino sheep." Journal of Pineal Research 15, no. 1 (August 1993): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079x.1993.tb00506.x.

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12

Peterson, A. D., A. N. Thompson, A. C. Schlink, and P. I. Hynd. "Follicle abnormalities and fibre shedding in Merino weaners fed different levels of nutrition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 8 (1998): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a98011.

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Анотація:

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between fibre shedding and staple strength in Merino weaners genetically different in staple strength and fed different levels of nutrition. Fibre shedding at the point of break along the staple was estimated using 3 different techniques: (i) a subjective scoring system of wool follicle activity, based on their morphology in transverse skin sections; (ii) the number of fibres with club-ends after differential staining to identify remnants of the shed-follicle bulb; and (iii) changes in the number of fibres in the cross-section along individual

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13

Stephenson, RGA, GR Suter, and CJ Howitt. "Wool growth responses to DL-methionine administration and factors affecting the value of supplementation." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 31, no. 4 (1991): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9910471.

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Wool growth responses to methionine administration were assessed using Peppin Merino wethers on various planes of nutrition. In experiment 1, sheep were fed 700 g/day of lucerne pellets to maintain liveweight. DL-methionine (5.8 g) administered subcutaneously resulted in 0.29 mg/cm2.day (36%) more wool (P<0.01) and a 2.5 �m (15.2%) increase in fibre diameter (P<0.05). In experiment 2, two levels (700 and 1400 g/day) of lucerne pellets were offered, with and without methionine administered subcutaneously (5.8 g). Main treatment analysis indicated a significant (P<0.01) effect of nutrit

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14

Searle, T. W., N. McC Graham, and J. B. Donnelly. "Change of skeletal dimensions during growth in sheep: the effect of nutrition." Journal of Agricultural Science 112, no. 3 (June 1989): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600085774.

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SummaryMeasurements of skeletal size were made at 2–3-month intervals on 30 Border Leicester × Merino castrate male (wether) sheep between 2 and 27 months of age. Fifteen sheep were fed ad libitum on a high-quality diet and the other 15 half the average amount consumed by the first group, age for age. The ad libitum group grew faster and were larger in all body dimensions on each occasion, except for leg length at 27 months which showed no statistical difference between groups. When the groups were compared over the live-weight range common to both (16–44 kg) the unrationed animals were consis

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15

Paganoni, B. L., C. M. Oldham, M. B. Ferguson, A. N. Thompson, P. E. Vercoe, and D. G. Gordon. "Ewe nutrition during pregnancy and birthweight of lambs has minimal impact on fat and eye muscle depth in Merino progeny." Animal Production Science 53, no. 6 (2013): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an12266.

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The hypothesis tested in this experiment was that Merino lambs with lower birthweights, due to poor ewe nutrition during pregnancy, would have more fat and less muscle than Merino lambs with higher birthweights. At two sites (Victoria and Western Australia) in each of 2 years, a wide range in the liveweight profiles of ewes was generated during pregnancy and lactation by varying the amount of supplements fed and feed on offer grazed. Progeny had fat and muscle depth at the C-site measured at various ages from 8 to 28 months of age. Across the four experiments, there were differences of 0.5 kg

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16

White, C. L., G. B. Martin, P. I. Hynd, and R. E. Chapman. "The effect of zinc deficiency on wool growth and skin and wool follicle histology of male Merino lambs." British Journal of Nutrition 71, no. 3 (March 1994): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19940149.

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The aims of this work were to quantify the requirements of Zn for wool growth in growing male Merino lambs, and to describe the histological lesions of Zn deficiency in skin and wool follicles. Four groups of male Merino lambs (n 4) weighing 22 kg were fed ad lib. for 96 d on diets that contained 4 (basal diet), 10, 17 or 27 mg Zn/kg. Sheep in a fifth group were fed on the diet containing 27 mg Zn/kg, but were pair-fed to sheep on the 4 mg Zn/kg diet. Zn was added to the basal diet as ZnSO4 to give the respective treatment concentrations. Sheep fed on the diet containing 4 mg Zn/kg showed clin

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17

Thompson, A. N., and P. I. Hynd. "Wool growth and fibre diameter changes in young Merino sheep genetically different in staple strength and fed different levels of nutrition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 49, no. 5 (1998): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/a97129.

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The wool growth response to nutrition by Merino weaners (liveweight 33· 2±0·58 kg) bred for high or low staple strength (SS) and fed to produce changes in liveweight was examined. The hypothesis tested was that genetic differences in SS are associated with differences in along-fibre variation in diameter. Sheep fed to maintain liveweight produced wool at a more constant rate with smaller and less rapid changes in fibre diameter than that produced by sheep which lost and then gained liveweight (P < 0·001). There were significant (P < 0·05) but relatively small differences in wool growth r

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18

Kelly, RW, I. Macleod, P. Hynd, and J. Greeff. "Nutrition during fetal life alters annual wool production and quality in young Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 3 (1996): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960259.

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The effect of maintenance v, submaintenance diets of pregnant ewes in 1991 and 1992 on establishment of the wool follicle population in their progeny, and its effect on the progeny's wool production (quantity, quality and variation across the body of the animal) to 1.4 years of age was examined. The experimental protocol used cloned animals created by bisecting embryos at day 6 of pregnancy. Each clone was placed in a ewe, which was subsequently fed from about day 50 to 140 of pregnancy at maintenance or submaintenance. Ewes on maintenance nutrition maintained liveweight throughout pregnancy,

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19

Leury, BJ, PJ Murray, and JB Rowe. "Effect of nutrition on the response in ovulation rate in Merino ewes following short-term lupin supplementation and insulin administration." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 41, no. 4 (1990): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9900751.

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In experiment 1, groups of Merino ewes, 4-6 years old, were given daily wheat chaff 500 g plus vitamin and mineral supplements, or wheat chaff 800 g and pelleted feed containing lucerne, lupin and barley 350 g plus mineral and vitamin supplements. Diets provided 0.5 and 1.2 times maintenance requirements. On each plane of nutrition, lupins 750 g were given or not given 10 days before oestrus. In experiment 2, the same planes of nutrition were used and sheep were injected daily with insulin 15 IU, or left untreated. Ovulation rate increased in response to lupin feeding at both planes of nutriti

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20

Marshall, T. "Effect of month of birth and first summer's nutrition on the productivity of Merino wethers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 25, no. 4 (1985): 777. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9850777.

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Liveweight and greasy wool production of Merino wethers born in either mid-May, late June or early September in each of 2 years and subjected to three nutritional regimes (high, normal and low) over their first summer were studied over 4 years. Differences in liveweight of up to 9.0 kg between treatments due to month of birth persisted for 48 months while liveweight differences of as much as 15 3 kg due to nutritional treatment lasted only 24-30 months. Similarly, differences in greasy wool production of up to 0.8 kg between times of birth lasted for the duration of the study but differences b

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21

Adams, N. R., J. R. Briegel, and J. C. Greeff. "Responses of wool growth rate and body reserves to nutrition in Merino ewes: a potential biological link between production and fitness." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 9 (2007): 913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06386.

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This study examined whether the low body-fat reserves in sheep with high estimated breeding values (EBVs) for clean fleece weight (CFW) reported previously are affected by nutritional history, and second whether the effect may be related to differences in the variation in fibre diameter (CVfd). Groups of 11 20-month-old Merino ewes with high and low EBVs for CFW and for CVfd were compared in a 2 × 2 design at low bodyweight, then fed ad libitum for 100 days and re-measured. The response of wool growth rate to feed supply (WRF) was estimated as the slope of the regression against time of clean

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22

Blumer, S. E., G. E. Gardner, M. B. Ferguson, and A. N. Thompson. "Environmental and genetic factors influence the liveweight of adult Merino and Border Leicester × Merino ewes across multiple sites and years." Animal Production Science 56, no. 4 (2016): 775. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an14419.

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Variation in liveweight change in the ewe flock during periods of poor nutrition can affect farm profitability through the effects of liveweight loss on potential stocking rate, management interventions including supplementary feeding, and ewe and lamb survival and productivity. There is variation between individual animals in their ability to manage periods of poor nutrition, but the links between liveweight change and breeding values in the adult ewe flock have not been quantified. We analysed 5216 liveweight profiles for 2772 ewes managed over 3 years at eight sites across Australia, to def

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23

Evavianto, Dwi Fiky, Dimas Puri Astuti Hadiyani, and Waluyo Edi Susanto. "Pengaruh pemanfaatan ampas kedelai dan onggok terfermentasi rhizopus sp dalam konsentrat domba Merino terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan konsumsi pakan." Jurnal Sains Peternakan 6, no. 2 (December 29, 2018): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jsp.v6i2.2887.

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ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the benefits of soybean husk and onggok fermented rhizopus sp in feed merino sheep concentrate of body weight gain and feed intake. Materials used in the study is as much as 12 merino sheep and the methods used by the randomized trial (RAK) using the PO as controls (100% concentrate); P1 (AOT concentrate 90% + 10%); P2 (AOT concentrate 80% + 20%); P3 (AOT Concentrate 70% + 30%). The results of the study with 30% of AOT gift giving weight increase of 25.3 g / tail significantly different (F count> F table) and feed consumption P0 :. 215, 27g / tail

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24

DIXON, R. M., R. THOMAS, and J. H. G. HOLMES. "Interactions between heat stress and nutrition in sheep fed roughage diets." Journal of Agricultural Science 132, no. 3 (May 1999): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859698006248.

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Intake, digestion and growth were examined in young Merino×Border Leicester wether sheep held for 44 days in either cool (13–15°C, thermal humidity index 56–58) or hot (32–40°C, 50–70% relative humidity, thermal humidity index minimum 83–84, maximum 83–88) environments. The sheep were offered diets of medium quality hay ad libitum alone (Con) or supplemented with either 22 g air-dry/kg metabolic liveweight (W0·75) of barley grain fortified with urea and sulphur (Bar/N) or 10 g air-dry/kg W0·75 of fishmeal (FM). Intake of the Con diet by the sheep in the cool environment was high at 79 g DM/kg

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25

Denney, GD. "Phenotypic variance of fibre diameter along wool staples and its relationship with other raw wool characters." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 30, no. 4 (1990): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9900463.

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The variance of fibre diameter along the staple was estimated in a flock of 198 two-year-old Merino sheep, whose management and nutrition were typical of grazing sheep in central-western New South Wales. In a subgroup of this flock, it was found that the estimated variance of fibre diameter along the staple was highly repeatable between duplicate staples sampled from the same sheep, and variation in fibre diameter along the mid-side sample was representative of that variation in the whole fleece. In the main flock, variance of fibre diameter along the staple varied from 0.74 to 6.98 �m2 betwee

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26

Langlands, JP, JE Bowles, GE Donald, and AJ Smith. "Trace element nutrition of grazing ruminants. 2. Hepatic copper storage in young and adult sheep and cattle given varying quantities of oxidized copper particles and other copper supplements." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 37, no. 2 (1986): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9860189.

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Hepatic copper (Cu) storage was determined by biopsy after oxidized Cu wire was given to sucking lambs at 0-43 days of age, and to weaned Merino sheep and Hereford cattle varying in age. Cu-calcium edetate (Cu-EDTA) and soluble glass pellets were also evaluated as Cu supplements. A dose of 45 mg oxidized particles/kg liveweight was predicted to induce a mean maximum response of 84 and 179 mg Cu/kg DM in hepatic concentrations in weaned Merino sheep and Hereford cattle at 49 and 100 days from dosing respectively; these responses should not result in unacceptable hepatic concentrations in cattle

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27

Hynd, PI. "Effects of nutrition on wool follicle cell kinetics in sheep differing in efficiency of wool production." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 40, no. 2 (1989): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9890409.

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Wide phenotypic variation in fibre output per follicle was generated by selecting sheep (five South Australian strongwool Merinos, one finewool Merino and one Corriedale) on this basis, and by offering these sheep a low-protein diet for 9 weeks, followed by a high-protein diet for a further 8 weeks. Clean wool production was measured over the final 3 weeks of each period, while fibre diameter, the rate of length growth of fibres and a number of follicle characters were measured over the last 7 days of each period. The rate of division of follicle bulb cells and the total volume of the germinat

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28

Zhang, Song, Dominique Blache, Margaret A. Blackberry, and Graeme B. Martin. "Dynamics of the responses in secretion of luteinising hormone, leptin and insulin following an acute increase in nutrition in mature male sheep." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 8 (2004): 823. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04086.

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Анотація:

In Merino rams, an increase in the plane of nutrition increases the frequency of luteinising hormone (LH) pulses within a few days and this response is correlated with changes in the circulating concentrations of metabolic hormones. To analyse early dynamic aspects of these responses, we studied mature rams fed with diets that contained either low or high amounts of energy and protein. Jugular blood was sampled every 20 min for 96 h, including a control period of 24 h before the change of diet in the high-diet group. In the high-diet group, a significant increase in LH pulse frequency was firs

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29

Adams, N. R., S. M. Liu, J. R. Briegel, and J. C. Greeff. "Protein metabolism in skin and muscle of sheep selected for or against staple strength." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 51, no. 5 (2000): 541. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar99143.

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Анотація:

Two experiments were carried out to determine the mechanisms underlying the reduced effect of nutritional status on wool growth rate in Merino sheep that have been selected for high staple strength (SS). In Expt 1, each group of 6 young sheep of SS+ and SS– genotypes were fed at 0.4 or 1.1 times maintenance, and in Expt 2, groups of 8 sheep of each genotype were fed at 1.1 and 1.8 times maintenance. In both experiments, rates of protein synthesis in skin, muscle, gut, rumen, and liver were determined using a flooding dose of labelled phenylalanine. Feed intake and the digestibility of feed wer

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30

Morcombe, PW, and JG Allen. "Improving production from September-born Merino lambs with a lupin grain supplement and phomopsis-resistant lupin stubbles." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 33, no. 6 (1993): 713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9930713.

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As a means of providing nutrition on dry pasture in the wheatbelt of Western Australia, supplements of lupin grain were fed to late-born Merino lambs and their dams before weaning onto lupin stubble. Each ewe-lamb pair consumed an average 19.5 kg lupin grain over the 46 days before weaning. This produced an extra 3.6 kg (P<0.01) liveweight gain by these lambs compared with their unsupplemented cohorts at weaning. The growth of the weaned lambs grazing phomopsis-resistant lupin stubbles was primarily influenced by the amount of residual lupin grain available to each sheep and liver injury ca

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Blache, Dominique, Pietro Celi, Margaret A. Blackberry, Robyn A. Dynes, and Graeme B. Martin. "Decrease in voluntary feed intake and pulsatile luteinizing hormone secretion after intracerebroventricular infusion of recombinant bovine leptin in mature male sheep." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 12, no. 8 (2000): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00102.

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The aim of the present study was to determine whether leptin might play a role in the gonadotrophic response of mature merino rams to changes in the level of nutrition in rams fed ad libitum. Recombinant bovine leptin was infused intracerebroventricularly and voluntary food intake (VFI) and luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency were measured. In Experiment 1, rams (n = 5) were infused for 24 h per day for 5 days with vehicle or with leptin (0.04, 0.4 and 4.0g h –1 ). All doses decreased both VFI and LH pulse frequency. In Experiment 2, rams were infused for 24 h per day for 5 days with vehi

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Liu, S. M., T. L. Smith, D. G. Palmer, L. J. E. Karlsson, R. B. Besier, and J. C. Greeff. "Biochemical differences in Merino sheep selected for resistance against gastro-intestinal nematodes and genetic and nutritional effects on faecal worm egg output." Animal Science 81, no. 1 (August 2005): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/asc50180149.

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AbstractThe faecal egg count (FEC) and total egg output is reduced in parasite-resistant sheep and breeding sheep for resistance should reduce infective larval contamination of pastures. This research compares lambs and rams from the parasite-resistant flock, Rylington Merinos, with unselected controls at the same level of larval challenge and the same level of food supply in an animal-house environment. The sheep were penned individually. The parasite resistant sheep excreted 0·85-fold less eggs than the control animals after infection with Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circum

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33

Li, L., S. M. Liu, V. H. Oddy, and J. V. Nolan. "Protein synthesis rates in skin components and skeletal muscle of sheep selected for divergent clean fleece weight in response to below- and above-maintenance nutrition." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 58, no. 11 (2007): 1031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar06373.

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Protein metabolism in skin and muscle was studied in Merino wethers selected for high (F+, n = 10) or low (F–, n = 10) estimated breeding values for clean fleece weight, but with similar estimated breeding values for liveweight and fibre diameter, raised to 20 months of age under the same conditions, and then offered two levels of nutrition (0.8 or 1.8 × maintenance) for 37 days. Over 37 days, F+ sheep had greater rate of wool production, liveweight gain, and had greater eye-muscle and fat depth than F– sheep (P < 0.05). Fractional synthesis rates of protein (%/day) in the epidermis, dermis

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34

Atasoglu, Cengiz, Gotthold Gäbel, and Jörg R. Aschenbach. "Apical sodium–glucose co-transport can be regulated by blood-borne glucose in the ruminal epithelium of sheep (Ovis aries, Merino breed)." British Journal of Nutrition 92, no. 5 (November 2004): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041265.

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The intestinal Na-dependent D-glucose co-transporter (SGLT)-1 in sheep is under dietary regulation by luminal substrates. The aim of the present study was to find out whether the SGLT-1 in the forestomach of sheep is also regulated by sugars. Furthermore, the location of a possible glucosensor (luminalv.intracellularv.basolateral) was to be elucidated. Ruminal epithelia of sheep (Ovis aries, Merino breed) were pre-incubated in Ussing chambers with various substrates on the mucosal (i.e. luminal) or serosal (i.e. blood) side. This pre-incubation period was followed by a second pre-incubation pe

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35

Kilminster, Tanya F., and Johan C. Greeff. "A note on the reproductive performance of Damara, Dorper and Merino sheep under optimum management and nutrition for Merino ewes in the eastern wheatbelt of Western Australia." Tropical Animal Health and Production 43, no. 7 (July 2, 2011): 1459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11250-011-9871-8.

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Pethick, DW, and JB Rowe. "The effect of nutrition and exercise in carcass parameters and the level of glycogen in skeletal muscle of Merino sheep." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 47, no. 4 (1996): 525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9960525.

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This study investigated the effects in sheep of feed intake and exercise training on (i) the level of glycogen in muscle, and (ii) carcass quality traits including growth rate, carcass weight, fat score, and the ultimate pH of muscle. Merino wethers, 12-months-old and starting body weight 38 kg, were individually penned and housed indoors. The effects of nutrition and exercise were tested for 2 levels of activity (sedentary v. exercised) and 4 levels of feed intake (1, 1.3, 1.5, 2.2 x maintenance) with 8 sheep per group housed individually. Exercise training was for 1 h at 8-9 km/h (approx. 55

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37

Liu, S. M., G. Mata, H. O'Donoghue, and D. G. Masters. "The influence of live weight, live-weight change and diet on protein synthesis in the skin and skeletal muscle in young Merino sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 79, no. 3 (March 1998): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19980044.

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Wool growth is derived directly from protein synthesis in the skin of sheep, and is affected by the nutritional status of the animals. The present experiment examined both protein synthesis in the skin and muscle and wool growth in Merino lambs differing in live weight, intake and dietary protein source. The experiment was a 23 factorial design: twenty-four 5-month-old lambs initially weighing 33 kg (heavy) or 25 kg (light) were fed on a hay-based diet with either lupin seed or rapeseed meal as the major protein sources to maintain live weight (M) for 56 d, or were fed at 0.6M for 28 d (period

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Thompson, A. N., M. B. Ferguson, A. J. D. Campbell, D. J. Gordon, G. A. Kearney, C. M. Oldham, and B. L. Paganoni. "Improving the nutrition of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation increases weaning weight and survival of progeny but does not affect their mature size." Animal Production Science 51, no. 9 (2011): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an09139.

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Lamb growth to weaning, and during the period immediately following weaning, influences post-weaning mortality and may affect mature size. The hypothesis tested in the experiments reported in this paper was that changes in the maternal liveweight of Merino ewes during pregnancy and lactation could predict the weight at weaning, post-weaning survival and mature size of their progeny. At two sites (Vic. and WA) in each of two years, a wide range in the liveweight profiles of ewes was generated during pregnancy and lactation by varying the amount of supplements fed and feed on offer grazed. Acros

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39

Sawyer, Gregory, Dylan Russell Fox, and Edward Narayan. "Pre- and post-partum variation in wool cortisol and wool micron in Australian Merino ewe sheep (Ovis aries)." PeerJ 9 (April 27, 2021): e11288. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11288.

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An individual merino sheep’s output of wool production is influenced by synergistic interactions of sheep genetics, climate, farm management, and nutrition available to the whole flock. The price paid to the producer for this wool commodity is determined via numerous tested parameters and /or subjective appraisal of the raw greasy wool. This research investigated the level of variation in wool cortisol (a physiological stress biomarker) and wool micron (MIC) in Merino ewes (Ovis aries), pre-partum and post-lambing (lactation/lambs at foot), using maiden ewe (n = 38) managed in an outdoor paddo

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Paganoni, B. L., M. B. Ferguson, S. Fierro, C. Jones, G. A. Kearney, P. R. Kenyon, C. Macleay, C. Vinoles, and A. N. Thompson. "Early reproductive losses are a major factor contributing to the poor reproductive performance of Merino ewe lambs mated at 8–10 months of age." Animal Production Science 54, no. 6 (2014): 762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an13240.

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The reproductive performance of Merino ewe lambs is lower than that achieved by mature ewes and is highly variable. It is likely that embryo loss represents a major source of reproductive wastage in Merino ewe lambs, but to our knowledge no studies have attempted to determine when the major reproductive losses occur or identify predisposing factors that are likely to lead to high rates of pregnancy failures in ewe lambs. After characterising where reproductive losses occurred in Merino ewe lambs mated at 8–10 months of age, we tested the hypothesis that pregnancy failure in ewe lambs is influe

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41

White, Colin L., Linda M. Tabe, Hugh Dove, John Hamblin, Paul Young, Nathan Phillips, Romney Taylor, Suresh Gulati, John Ashes, and T?J?V Higgins. "Increased efficiency of wool growth and live weight gain in Merino sheep fed transgenic lupin seed containing sunflower albumin." Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 81, no. 1 (2000): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0010(20010101)81:1<147::aid-jsfa751>3.0.co;2-e.

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42

Williams, Yvette J., Suzanne M. Rea, Sam Popovski, Carolyn L. Pimm, Andrew J. Williams, Andrew F. Toovey, Lucy C. Skillman, and André-Denis G. Wright. "Reponses of sheep to a vaccination of entodinial or mixed rumen protozoal antigens to reduce rumen protozoal numbers." British Journal of Nutrition 99, no. 1 (August 15, 2007): 100–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114507801553.

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Two rumen protozoa vaccine formulations containing either whole fixed Entodinium or mixed rumen protozoa cells were tested on Merino sheep with the aim of decreasing the number and/or activity of protozoa in the rumen. Negative control (no antigen) and positive control (Tetrahymena corlissi antigens) treatments were also included in the experiment. Blood and saliva were sampled to measure the specific immune response. Protozoal numbers in the rumen were monitored by microscopic counts. Vaccination with protozoal formulations resulted in the presence of specific IgG in plasma and saliva, but sa

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43

Allen, J. D., and J. M. Gawthornet. "Involvement of the solid phase of rumen digesta in the interaction between copper, molybdenum and sulphur in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 58, no. 2 (September 1987): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19870094.

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1. Merino sheep fed on a diet of chopped wheaten hay, chopped lucerne (Medicago saliva) hay and oat grain were the source of rumen contents for the study. The diet contained (mg/kg dry weight) 3.3 copper, 0.24 molybdenum and 2.8 sulphur. The effects of adding between 5 and 25 mg Mo/kg as ammonium molybdate (AM) or tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) on the distribution and forms of Cu and Mo in rumen contents were investigated in vivo and in vitro.2. Approximately 88 % of the Cu and 94% of the Mo in rumen contents were associated with the solid phase. When AM or TTM was added to rumen contents in vivo or

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44

Gherardi, S. G., and J. L. Black. "Influence of post-rumen supply of nutrients on rumen digesta load and voluntary intake of a roughage by sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 62, no. 3 (November 1989): 589–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890060.

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The effect of post-rumen supply of nutrients on the rumen digesta load and voluntary consumption of roughage by Border Leicester × Merino ram lambs was investigated. A chopped wheaten hay was offered to the ram lambs (n 24), whose nutrient intake was altered by infusing into the abomasum a liquid supplement, containing reconstituted cow's milk, sodium caseinate, minerals and vitamins, for a period of at least 30 d. Either two or three lambs were allocated by live weight to each of ten rates of nutrient supplementation. The lambs were slaughtered at a target live weight of 31 kg. Voluntary inta

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45

Ferro, M. M., L. O. Tedeschi, and A. S. Atzori. "The comparison of the lactation and milk yield and composition of selected breeds of sheep and goats." Translational Animal Science 1, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 498–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.2527/tas2017.0056.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the milk yield (MY) and milk composition of relevant sheep and goat breeds raised around the world to be used with nutrition models for diet formulation and nutrient balancing. A 2-step approach was used. First, a database developed by the Food and Agriculture Organization was used to identify relevant breeds (i.e., frequently raised) by comparing the occurrence of transboundary breed names across countries. We selected transboundary breeds that occurred more than 3 times and other relevant breeds obtained from the specialized literature

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Rowe, J. B., J. V. Nolan, G. de Chaneet, E. Teleni, and P. H. Holmes. "The effect of haemonchosis and blood loss into the abomasum on digestion in sheep." British Journal of Nutrition 59, no. 1 (January 1988): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19880016.

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1. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of the abomasal parasite, Haemonchus contortus, on the pattern of digestion and nutrient utilization in Merino sheep. There were three groups of sheep: infected with H. contortus (300 larvae/kg live weight) (n 5), sham-infected by transferring blood from the jugular vein to the abomasum, and uninfected (control) sheep (n 9) which were fed daily rations equal to amounts consumed by ‘paired’ animals in the two other treatment groups. A diet containing (g/kg): lucerne (Medicago sativa) chaff 490, oat chaff 480, ground limestone 10, urea 10, a

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47

Strickland, V. J., G. L. Krebs, and W. Potts. "Pumpkin kernel and garlic as alternative treatments for the control of Haemonchus contortus in sheep." Animal Production Science 49, no. 2 (2009): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea07378.

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Two alternative remedies for controlling Haemonchus contortus in sheep (pumpkin kernel and garlic) were investigated. The experiment involved 18 4-month-old Merino ram lambs with six lambs per treatment group. The lambs were initially drenched to render them worm free, and then infected with 4000 L3 H. contortus larvae, 2 weeks later. Four weeks after infection, faecal egg counts were performed and lambs were allocated into treatment groups and fed their respective diets (control, pumpkin kernel or garlic) for 2 weeks. The lambs were combined into a single group grazing pasture for the last we

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Carro, M. D., and M. J. Ranilla. "Influence of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on methane production and fermentation of concentrate feeds by rumen micro-organisms invitro." British Journal of Nutrition 90, no. 3 (September 2003): 617–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2003935.

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Batch cultures of mixed rumen micro-organisms were used to study the effects of different concentrations of disodium fumarate on the fermentation of five concentrate feeds (maize, barley, wheat, sorghum and cassava meal). Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep fed lucerne hayad libitumand supplemented with 300 g concentrate/d. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4, 7 and 10 mm-fumarate. In 17 h incubations, the final pH and total volatile fatty acid production increased (P<0·001) linearly for all substrates as fumarate co

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49

García-Martínez, R., M. J. Ranilla, M. L. Tejido, and M. D. Carro. "Effects of disodium fumarate onin vitrorumen microbial growth, methane production and fermentation of diets differing in their forage:concentrate ratio." British Journal of Nutrition 94, no. 1 (July 2005): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20051455.

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The effects of disodium fumarate on microbial growth, CH4production and fermentation of three diets differing in their forage content (800, 500 and 200 g/kg DM) by rumen micro-organismsin vitrowere studied using batch cultures. Rumen contents were collected from four Merino sheep. Disodium fumarate was added to the incubation bottles to achieve final concentrations of 0, 4 and 8 mm-fumarate, and15N was used as a microbial marker. Gas production was measured at regular intervals from 0 to 120 h of incubation. Fumarate did not affect (P>0·05) any of the measured gas production parameters. In

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Entwistle, K. W., L. J. Cummins, M. A. Hillard, J. E. Kinder, T. O'Shea, L. R. Piper, J. Thimonier, and J. F. Wilkins. "Bernard Michael Bindon — reproductive physiologist, animal scientist, research leader." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 2 (2006): i. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea05222.

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This paper is a foreword to a series of papers commissioned on ‘the impact of science on the beef industry’, where the Beef CRC-related collaborative scientific work of Professor Bernard Michael Bindon will be reviewed. These papers will be presented in March 2006, as part of a ‘festschrift’ to recognise his wider contributions to the Australian livestock industries for over 40 years. Bindon’s career involved basic and applied research in many areas of reproductive physiology, genetics, immunology, nutrition, meat science and more recently genomics, in both sheep and cattle. Together with his

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