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Статті в журналах з теми "Metal recycling industry":
1
Philipp, J. A., and W. Theobald. "Recycling in the steel industry." Revue de Métallurgie 90, no. 4 (April 1993): 545–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/199390040545.
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Birat, J. P. "Recycling and by-products in the steel industry." Revue de Métallurgie 100, no. 4 (April 2003): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2003192.
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Balogun-Adeleye, Rahmot, Joy T. Adu, and Ramon O. Adisa. "Assessment and Impacts of Metal Recycling on Groundwater Quality in Ogijo, Ogun State, Nigeria." FUOYE Journal of Engineering and Technology 7, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 244–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.46792/fuoyejet.v7i2.799.
Анотація:
Groundwater is an essential source of water supply globally. Recently, however, the groundwater environment is being threatened due to heavy metal contamination resulting from the indiscriminate use, storage, and disposal of toxic metal elements. This study evaluates heavy metals concentrations in groundwater systems close to a metal recycling industry in Ogun State, Nigeria. In the study, thirty-six (36) water samples were collected from boreholes within the vicinity of a metal recycling industry and analysed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Water samples collected had trace concentrations of iron (Fe), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), and nickel (Ni); metal concentrations were highest in the borehole closest to the industry. Pb, Cr, and Mn concentrations were above the acceptable standards. The findings showed that the activities within metal recycling industries can potentially elevate toxic metal concentrations in groundwater water sources close to it if proper mitigation measures are not put in place.
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Smirnov, V. V. "Recycling as a Strategic Direction to Improve Efficiency of Steel Industry in the Russian Federation." Accounting. Analysis. Auditing 5, no. 4 (September 14, 2018): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2408-9303-2018-5-4-30-39.
Анотація:
The article discusses the issue of increasing the efficiency of the Russian steel industry taking into consideration the requirements of the concept of sustainable development. To solve this problem the author reviews the practices of metal scrap collection and recycling at the leading enterprises of the North America, Europe and the forecast of metal recycling development in the world economy up to the year 2050. This part of the survey shows that technologies of metal scrap and other types of industrial waste recycling could result in considerable economy of different types of resources. The great benefit of using metal scrap recycling technologies by the companies in the United States and the European Union is new jobs creation and improvement of environmental conditions. Taking into account the mentioned benefits of using recycling technologies in steel industry the author analyzes the forecast information and concludes that the further development of steel industry may lead to two times increase in metal scrap collection and recycling by the middle of the XXI century. Companies of the Chinese People Republic, countries members of NAFTA and Japan will prevail in the regional structure of metal scrap consumption. The article also states that the system of metal scrap collection and recycling in the Russian Federation will have to be recreated on the qualitatively new foundation. The most important distinctive feature of a new system still under creation from the former one is that before all the enterprises engaged into metal scrap collection had made part of a single concern and operated as a branch of steel industry. In this regard the Russian Federation faces the problem of re-creation of institutional foundation of metal scrap collection and recycling as well as creation of mechanisms to manage this industry efficiently. This in turn will require the development of legal, regulatory, organizational, economic and scientific support.
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Kovalčík, Jakub, Martin Straka, Peter Kačmáry, and Tomáš Pavlík. "CATALYST PROCESSING AND RECYCLING." Acta Tecnología 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22306/atec.v7i3.118.
Анотація:
Discussed auto catalysts contain interesting quantities of platinum noble metals, palladium and rhodium according to the type of auto catalyst, thereby becoming a possible source of these metal aims to acquaint themselves with catalysts in general, their history and last but not least the possibilities of processing and obtaining noble metals for further use. The article deals with knowledge at the theoretical level of use of methods in processing depleted catalysts. It is pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods. The platinum group metals (PGMs) palladium, platinum, and rhodium represent the key materials for automotive exhaust gas treatment. Since there are currently no adequate alternatives, the importance of these metals for the automotive industry is steadily rising. The high value of PGMs in spent catalysts justifies their recycling. The state-of the-art technology is to melt the ceramic carrier and collect the precious fraction in a liquid metal bath. As the feed material has quite high melting points, huge amounts of energy are required for this process. Hydrometallurgical treatments of the spent catalysts offer the possibility to recycle the PGMs with less energy and time demands. Moreover, automotive catalysts contain further valuable materials to improve the exhaust gas treatment. These compounds, like cerium oxide, cannot be recovered in pyrometallurgical processes.
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Schultmann, Frank, Bernd Engels, and Otto Rentz. "Flowsheeting-based simulation of recycling concepts in the metal industry." Journal of Cleaner Production 12, no. 7 (September 2004): 737–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0959-6526(03)00050-7.
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Gaikdad, Niranjan Sanjay. "Design and Manufacturing of Metal & Non-metal Sorting Using Metal Detector." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 485–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45302.
Анотація:
Abstract: In recent years, sorting of scrap material using various automated techniques has gained a lot of focus. One of the multiple steps in the recycling of non-ferrous metals is the separation of shredded material into different groups. In our project, we propose the concept of "Metal & Non-metal Sorting Using Metal Detector". This system of sorting products is optimized to differentiate between metal & non-metals product, which is done with the help of a metal detector. A continuous conveyor belt carries the different products, and with the help of a control motor it separates metal from non-metal. In a nutshell, this system consists of a metal sensor. When the conveyor belt carries the products, it goes through a metal detector, if it's a metal product the control motor separates it with the help of a bar and the skipped product goes further to another container for non-metal. GSM technique is also introduced for mobiles messaging. The counter displays the metal count. This project is useful in automobile industries, steel plants and industry for separation of metal and non-metal element in the industry on a large basis. It can also be used for waste management so also beneficial for the environment.
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Han, Yue Bin, Guang Ming Li, and Wen Zhi He. "Research Review of Recycling of Nonmetal Fraction from Waste Print Circuit Boards Treatment." Advanced Materials Research 997 (August 2014): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.997.831.
Анотація:
Waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs) treatment has been a hot and difficulty topic in handling of electronic waste. Previous research efforts have been put in the methods of separation of metal and nonmetal fractions and how to recycle the metal fractions. The recycling of nonmetal fraction becomes more and more important due to its large volume and hazardous characterizations. In this paper the recycling of nonmetal fractions are summarized and future research directions are discussed, providing reference for the WPCBs recycling industry development.
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Zhang, Bo, Chengjun Liu, and Maofa Jiang. "A new method of red mud recycling in the process of hot metal pretreatment." Metallurgical Research & Technology 117, no. 1 (2020): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal/2020010.
Анотація:
To realize a large-scale consumption of red mud in the steelmaking industry, a new recycling method was investigated through the pre-reduction roasting experiment and the slag-metal interaction experiment simulating the hot metal pretreatment process in the steelmaking industry. In virtue of the sensible heating of the hot metal and the reducibility of [C] and [Si], the iron could be separated and recovered from the pre-reduced red mud pellets into the hot metal directly with a recovery rate exceeding 75%. With the composition adjustment of the residual oxides in the pre-reduced red mud (PRRD) using CaO and Al2O3 or aluminium dross (AD), a slag having a low melting point (below 1300 °C) and a high sulfide capacity (lgCS = −2.3) was formed, and more than 94% of [S] in the hot metal could be removed into this slag through the slag-metal interaction. The desulfurization efficiency of the flux (PRRD-CaO–Al2O3; PRRD-CaO–AD) is approximate to the traditional desulfurizing flux (CaO–CaF2). The advantages of this method are summarized as the low energy cost and the slag valorization.
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Cheng, Hui Qiang, and Wen Yang Zhao. "Decision-Making Strategy in Scraped Automobiles Recycling Industry Based on Properties of Recycling Materials." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 737–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.737.
Анотація:
Scraped automobile is a kind of renewable resource with multiple value of development and utilization and variety of resources are used to make a car, such as iron and steel, non-ferrous metal, plastics, glass, rubber and so on, which can be recycled at the end life of vehicles. On the basis of learning the properties of recycling materials of scraped automobiles the paper makes a quantitative analysis on the possible maximum profit and conditions by constructing a decision-making model for automobile producers, which shows that no matter which kind of recycling mode the manufacturer chooses, the profit function is only related to four factors.
Дисертації з теми "Metal recycling industry":
1
Koermer, Scott Carl. "The Application of Mineral Processing Techniques to the Scrap Recycling Industry." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/63994.
Анотація:
The scrap metal recycling industry is a growing industry that plays an important role in the sustainability of a large global metal supply. Unfortunately, recycling lacks many standards, and test procedures in place for mineral processing. These standards and practices, if used in recycling, could aid recyclers in determining and achieving optimal separations for their plant.. New regulations for scrap imports into China make it difficult to obtain the metal recoveries that have been achieved in the past. In order to help scrap yards adhere to the new regulations the Eriez RCS eddy current separator system was tested in full scale. The principles this system uses, called circuit analysis, have been used by the mining industry for years, and can be used with any separation system. The Eriez RCS system surpassed the requirements of the Chinese regulations, while simultaneously increasing the recovery of metals. In order to further analyze eddy current separator circuits, tree analysis was attempted for single eddy current separators, as well as more complex circuits mimicked using locked cycle tests. The circuits used in the locked cycle test were a rougher-cleaner, a rougher-scavenger, and a rougher-cleaner-scavenger. It was found that it is possible to use tree analysis to compare different eddy current separator circuits using the same settings, however standards for this practice need to be established for it to be useful. Using the data analysis methods developed for this particular tree analysis, the rougher-cleaner-scavenger test had the best performance overall. This is the same result as the full scale testing done on the Eriez RCS system, but more testing should be conducted to confirm the data analysis techniques of calculating theoretical efficiency, recovery efficiency, and rejection efficiency.Master of Science
2
Reuter, Markus Andreas. "The fundamental limits of recycling : from minerals processing to computer aided design of automobiles and other consumer goods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1331.
Анотація:
Thesis (PhD (Process Engineering)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.My applied engineering research and industrial application work of the past 20 years is presented in this dissertation. It is the conjecture of my work that only if thorough first principles knowledge of the depth of process metallurgy and recycling is available, can meaningful first principles environmental models be developed. These models can then evaluate technology, provide well argued and first principles environmental information to our tax paying consumer society as well as to legislators and environmentalists. Only through this path can one estimate the limits of recycling and its technology, hence evaluate the true boundaries of sustainability. My work with students has presently culminated in the detailed modelling and simulation of recycling systems for post-consumer goods. Notably the models are finding an application in the prediction of legally required recycling rates for automobiles. The models provide first principles arguments for less stringent EU recycling legislation and the integration of the first principles models in computer aided design tools of the automotive industry as part of a large EU 6th Framework (project managed by Volkswagen and the other European car producers). Presently these models are also being converted to model the Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) as well as water recycling systems respectively, both for industry in The Netherlands. This unique rigorous integration of systems engineering, reactor technology and process control theory is the basis of all my work to describe recycling systems as dynamic feedback control loops. My large body of acquired industrial knowledge renders these models practical and can hence be used by the automotive and recycling industries. The origins of this work may be found in the various cited publications and reports to industry by myself (due to my close association with industry as well as industrial experience) over the past 20 years as well as the work of my students, covering topics such as: • system optimization models for flotation, mineral beneficiation and recycling systems and applying these for design for recycling and argue for better/improved first-principles based legislation, • industrial measurement, modelling and simulation of industrial extractive process pyrometallurgical reactors as well waste incinerators and recycling plants, • various activities in other areas such as hydrometallurgy, clean and new breakthrough technology, and • process control of industrial metallurgical reactors by among others the application of artificial intelligence techniques. All the ideas of the last years have been worked out with students and have been summarized in our book: “The Metrics of Material and Metal Ecology, Harmonizing the resource, technology and environmental cycles”.
3
Abedi, Melika, and Elin Thun. "Implementation of a Value-Based Pricing Model for a Customised Metal Recycling Solution." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-283558.
Анотація:
As the stainless steel industry continues to grow, so does the environmental impacts generated by the various production processes. Such impacts not only affect the environment but pose great health concerns for humans and other living things. Therefore, it is necessary for all stakeholders to continuously improve their sustainability work. Metal recovery is one of the ways this can be done. There exists different organisations within the stainless steel industry, all of which are likely to benefit from metal recycling solutions. However, it is not obvious what models for value capture are most appropriate regarding such new technology. Adopting an appropriate value capture model is crucial for any organisation offering a service or a product. It is what ultimately determines an organisation’s revenues, profits as well as the amounts reinvested in the organisation’s growth for its long-term survival. By considering a case company offering a metal recycling solution, this study investigates how such a company may best leverage the value created by their technology. This is achieved by implementing a qualitative approach consisting of an extant literature review, accompanied by empirical findings through interviews with potential customers. Different factors affecting the formulation of an offering, as well as a value-based pricing model for that offering, are analysed. The study proposes a framework for how organisations can efficiently and effectively implement a value-based pricing model for a certain offering. This framework is put into context in regard to the empirical findings. Moreover, the empirical study identifies the potential customers’ perceived value as a result of the metal recycling solution as; opportunities for material reuse and circular economy in production, enhanced waste management, improved brand and the corporate image, and increased operational efficiency. Lastly, identified key determining factors of value realisation from the customer perspective were; payback time, operational aspects, organisational and operational size, type of offering of a metal recycling solution, regulations and public process surveillance and views on pricing strategy.Medans den rostfria stålindustrin fortsätter att växa ökar även miljöpåverkan från dess olika produktionsprocesser. Sådana effekter påverkar inte bara miljön, utan utgör även stora hälsoproblem för människor och andra levande organismer. För att minska dess miljöpåverkan är det nödvändigt för alla parter inom industrin att kontinuerligt förbättra sitt hållbarhetsarbete. Ett alternativt sätt detta kan göras på är med hjälp av metallåtervinning. Det finns olika företag och organisationer inom den rostfria stålindustrin, som alla troligen kan dra nytta av metallåtervinningslösningar. Det är dock inte uppenbart vilka modeller för värdefångst som är mest lämpliga för en sådan teknik, vilket är problematiskt för de som erbjuder en sådan lösning. Att bestämma en lämplig modell för värdefångst är dock avgörande för alla organisationer som erbjuder en tjänst eller produkt. Det är det som i slutändan avgör en organisations intäkter, vinster samt de belopp som återinvesteras i organisationens tillväxt för dess långvariga överlevnad. Genom att studera ett företag som erbjuder en metallåtervinningslösning har denna studie som syfte att undersöka hur ett sådant företag bäst kan utnyttja det värde som skapas av deras teknik. Detta uppnås genom att implementera en kvalitativ metod som består av en litteraturstudie, följt av empiriska resultat från intervjuer med potentiella kunder till företaget. Olika faktorer som påverkar formuleringen av en produkt/tjänst och en värdebaserad prissättningsmodell för den produkten/tjänsten analyseras. Detta arbete tar fram och föreslår ett ramverk för hur organisationer effektivt kan implementera en värdebaserad prissättningsmodell för ett visst erbjudande. Detta ramverk sätts sedan i sammanhang i samband med de empiriska resultaten. Den empiriska studien identifierar även de potentiella kundernas upplevda värde till följd av metallåtervinningslösningen som; möjligheter för materialanvändning och cirkulär ekonomi i produktionen, förbättrad avfallshantering, förbättrat varumärke och företagsimage och ökad operativ effektivitet. Slutligen identifierades viktiga avgörande faktorer för värdeförverkligande ur kundperspektivet som; återbetalningstid, operativa aspekter, organisatorisk och operativ storlek, typ av erbjudande av metallåtervinningslösning, regler och offentlig processövervakning och syn på prisstrategi.
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ORTIZ, NILCE. "Estudo da utilizacao de magnetita como material adsorvedor dos metais Cusup(2+), Pbsup(2+), Nisup(2+) e Cdsup(2+), em solucao." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2000. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10825.
Анотація:
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
5
Johansson, Ingrid, and Walter Deltin. "Utilization of Pulp and Paper Waste Products in the Metal Industry : Initial testing of carbon-containing waste material briquettes." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-231792.
Анотація:
Today, a huge part of waste products from pulp and paper industries ends up in landfill which is both economically and environmentally adversely. This report examines the possibilities of using those products as a slag foamer and fuel in different furnaces in the metal industry. The waste products contain valuable elements, especially carbon. Therefore, there is an increased interest in finding possible use for the waste products in the metal industry. The reuse would contribute to preservation of energy as fossil fuel can be replaced. In the report, two waste materials called mixed biosludge and fiber reject are examined. The experiments are performed with the waste products pressed together with a base material and cement forming a briquette. The requirements examined are strength needed for both transportation and use in furnaces and ability to create a foaming slag. The results in strength were ambiguous, no waste material based briquettes met the set criteria. As of now, the briquettes are probably not strong enough to be transported. No foaming occurred during the experiment, but only one experiment was performed. Therefore, further experiments are needed before any conclusions can be drawn. The briquettes can possibly replace coke and coal in applications where strength is not as important. Nevertheless, it is uncertain if the briquettes affect the steel quality.Idag läggs en stor del av restprodukter från pappers och massaindustrin på deponi, vilket innebär såväl ekonomiska som miljömässiga nackdelar. Den här rapporten undersöker möjligheterna att använda dessa restprodukter som slaggskummare och bränsle i de olika ugnarna inom metallindustrin. Restprodukterna innehåller värdefulla ämnen, framförallt kol. Därför finns det ett ökat intresse för att hitta möjliga användningsområden för restprodukterna inom metallindustrin. Denna återanvändning skulle bidra till energibevarande eftersom fossila bränslen kan ersättas. I den här rapporten undersöks två restmaterial, blandat biologiskt slam och fiberavfall. Experimenten utfördes med dessa restprodukter pressade samman med ett basmaterial och cement till en brikett. Kraven som undersöks är styrka för både transport och användning i ugnarna samt förmågan att skumma en slagg. Resultaten för briketternas styrka var tvetydiga, inga av briketterna innehållande restprodukter satisfierade det uppsatta kriteriet. Styrkan är troligtvis för låg för att transport ska vara möjlig. Ingen skumning skedde under experimentet, men endast ett experiment genomfördes. Därför behöver ytterligare experiment genomföras innan några slutsatser kan dras. Men briketterna tros kunna ersätta koks och kol där styrkan inte är viktig. Men det är osäkert om briketterna påverkar stålkvaliteten.
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CHEPCANOFF, VERA. "Separacao e recuperacao de cromio e outros elementos de valor em solucoes de trabalho e residuos industriais de galvanoplastia por troca ionica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2001. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10909.
Анотація:
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Dissertacao (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Merendino, Edy Maicon. "Estudo de processo de reciclagem do composto de polietileno e alumínio proveniente de embalagens cartonadas assépticas através de simulação computacional usando o método dos elementos discretos (DEM)." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266814.
Анотація:
Orientador: José Roberto NunhezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: As embalagens cartonadas assépticas para alimentos são comuns em nosso dia-a-dia. Tais embalagens são compostas por três materiais: papel, polietileno de baixa densidade e alumínio. Seu processo de reciclagem se dá em duas etapas sucessivas: a reciclagem do papel e a posterior reciclagem do composto de polietileno e alumínio. Durante a primeira etapa de reciclagem, um percentual das fibras de papel não é retirado do composto de polietileno e alumínio o que pode comprometer a qualidade de produtos feitos a partir da reciclagem deste composto. Para a extração do papel residual foi desenvolvido de maneira empírica um equipamento centrífugo em escala industrial. Visando o estudo do funcionamento deste equipamento fez-se a simulação deste usando o método dos elementos discretos (DEM). O primeiro passo foi a determinação de parâmetros físicos e de interação através de experimentos práticos e respectivas simulações computacionais para a calibração de um modelo, o qual foi conseguido de maneira satisfatória. Uma vez tendo o modelo calibrado, foram realizadas simulações com diferentes geometrias para o rotor e parte estática deste equipamento buscando levantar hipóteses para o entendimento do funcionamento do equipamento. Os resultados para diferentes especificações foram comparados e discutidos
Abstract: Milk and beverages carton packages are very common in our lives. These packages are made of three different materials: paper, low density polyethylene and aluminium. The recycling process of these packages takes place in two successive stages: the recycling of paper and the subsequent recycling of polyethylene and aluminium composite. During the first stage of recycling a percentage of the paper is not removed from the composite of polyethylene and aluminium which can compromise the quality of products made from recycling of this composite. An industrial-scale centrifuge equipment was developed empirically for extraction of residual paper. In order to study the operation of this equipment, it was made its simulation using the discrete element method (DEM). The first step was set-up of physical and interaction parameters through practical experiments and computer simulations to calibrate a model, which was achieved satisfactorily. Once the model was calibrated, simulations were performed with different geometries for rotor and static body of this equipment seeking hypotheses in order to understand equipment operation. The results for different specifications were compared and discussed
Mestrado
Processos em Tecnologia Química
Mestre em Engenharia Química
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Lindeberg, Sara. "Disclosing the definition on the upcycling concept : An exploratory study investigating the concept of upcycling and standardisation and its role on the path towards a circular textile industry." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för textil, teknik och ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-23895.
Анотація:
The ’upcycling’ term and concept have gained interest as a new strategy of implementing circularity within businesses, however the concept have not yet been defined, resulting in a somewhat divided perception of what it entails and what activities it includes. This misunderstanding may hinder the circular economy development. However, Standards have been discussed to add structure to the industry, concerning sustainable standards, they have been argued necessary in order to reach levels of necessary change. Thus, this study aims to explore what upcycling is, how such terminology is defined and standardized, furthermore how this might be a way to come closer to a circular textile industry. Together with a review of earlier research on standards, policies and around change in institutions, an in-depth literature review was conducted to depict the definitions on upcycling within different fields. Additionally, interviews were conducted with companies and ‘experts’ within the textile and fashion industry, investigating the industry’s perception on ‘upcycling’ along with standardization of such circular terminology. Findings of the study confirmed standards are an important way to reach a level of agreement enabling for a circular change. However, it existed split opinions on the definition of ‘upcycling’ and what activities that are in fact upcycling. Nonetheless most of the reviewed articles as well as respondents both amongst the companies as well as the ‘experts’ argued that it essentially means keeping value or adding value, financially and or value as material quality. However, concerning the activities and what the value adding activities are, it seems to depend in what state the discarded material or product are in. Hence it is important to evaluate before ‘upcycling’, making the process of upcycling more efficient, regarding material optimization, also financially more desirable, a win win. The thesis argues to provide with knowledge regarding the ‘upcycling’ concept, as well on the importance of agreed definitions through standards, how they are developed and how it encourages institutional change.
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Combe, Quentin. "Éjection électromagnétique : modèle et réalisation." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LORR0107.
Анотація:
Cette thèse se concentre sur la thématique de l'éjection électromagnétique appliquée dans le cadre de l'industrie du recyclage des métaux. L'objectif de celle-ci est la modélisation et la réalisation d'une architecture de conversion d'énergie permettant la réalisation de cette éjection. Le champ magnétique variable généré est utilisé afin de séparer d'un flux de déchets les matériaux métalliques non ferromagnétique tel que l'aluminium ou le cuivre par le biais d'une force de Laplace engendrée par la conjonction entre le champ magnétique crée et le champ magnétique induit par les courants de Foucault dans les matériaux conducteurs. L'architecture développée se compose de plusieurs éléments: un redresseur, un onduleur et un inducteur. La partie redresseur, à large plage de fonctionnement connectée sur le réseau d'alimentation triphasée permet d'obtenir une tension continu réglable et assure un prélèvement sinusoïdale de courant en phase avec la tension. La partie onduleur, permet de contrôler la puissance transmise, en adaptant l'amplitude et la fréquence du courant traversant la dernière partie du système que forme l'inducteur, responsable de la création du champ magnétique alternatif. Le choix du redresseur s'est porté sur la structure classique du redresseur abaisseur de tension de type Buck en raison de la faible impédance de l'inducteur utilisé. Bien que cette structure permette d'abaisser la tension triphasée, sa plage de fonctionnement peut être facilement augmentée sans l'ajout de composant passif. Le contrôle classique de ce redresseur ne se base que sur ses grandeurs de sorties ce qui peut engendrer des oscillations non contrôlées causées par la mise en résonance du filtre LC d'entrée excité par les harmoniques générés par les commutations des transistors. Nous avons proposé dans cette thèse une nouvelle méthode de contrôle qui traite à la fois de ses grandeurs d'entrée et de sortie et qui permet de contrôler les éventuelles oscillations du filtre LC d'entrée tout en bénéficiant d'une meilleure réponse dynamique lorsque le système est soumis à un échelon de charge. Cette méthode de contrôle se base sur les propriétés de platitude des systèmes différentielles, ainsi elle ne dépend pas du point de fonctionnement et garantit la stabilité large signal du système. Le choix de l'onduleur monophasé s'est porté sur une structure en pont complet permettant l'application de trois niveaux de tension et un large choix de contrôle de l'amplitude, de la forme et de la fréquence du courant traversant l'inducteur. Différents contrôle de ce convertisseur ont été étudiés et comparés. Ceux-ci permettent de faire varier la puissance injectée dans l'inducteur, ont un impact sur le contenu harmonique du courant le traversant et sur les contraintes des différents composants du système. Une modélisation de l'inducteur ainsi qu'une estimation de la valeur du champ magnétique nécessaire à l'éjection est effectuée. Les différentes méthodes proposées sont validées par des résultats de simulations numérique mais également par le biais de tests expérimentaux réalisés sur le système completThis thesis focuses on the subject of electromagnetic ejection applied in the context of the metal recycling industry. The aim of this thesis is the modeling and the development of an architecture of energy conversion allowing the realization of this ejection. The generated variable magnetic field is used to separate non-ferromagnetic metallic materials such as aluminum or copper from a waste stream by means of a Laplace force generated by the conjunction between the magnetic field created and the magnetic field induced by the eddy currents in the conductive materials.The developed architecture is composed of several elements: a rectifier, an inverter and an inductor. The rectifier part with a wide operating range connected to the three-phase grid network allows to obtain an adjustable DC voltage and ensures a sinusoidal current in phase with the voltage. The inverter part allows to control the transferred power, by adjusting the amplitude and frequency of the current flowing through the last part of the system represented by the inductor, responsible for the generation of the variable magnetic field.The rectifier is based on the classical Buck rectifier structure because of the low impedance of the inductor used. Although this structure allows to lower the three-phase grid voltage, its operating range can be easily increased without the addition of passive components. The classical control of this rectifier is based only on its output variables which can lead to uncontrolled oscillations caused by the resonance of the lightly damped input LC filter excited by the harmonics generated by the switching of transistors. In this thesis, we proposed a new control method that deals with both its input and output variables and that allows both to control the oscillations of the input LC filter while obtaining a better dynamic response when the system is subjected to a load step. This control method is based on the flatness properties of differential systems, so it does not depend on the operating point and guarantees the large signal stability of the system.The single-phase inverter is based on a full bridge structure allowing the application of three voltage levels and a wide choice of control of the amplitude, shape and frequency of the current flowing through the inductor. Different controls of this converter have been studied and compared. These allow to vary the power injected in the inductor, have an impact on the harmonic content of the current flowing through it and on the constraints of the different components of the system.A modeling of the inductor as well as an estimation of the value of the magnetic field necessary for the ejection is carried out. The different methods proposed are verified by numerical simulations but also by experimental tests performed on the whole system
10
Cheng, Po-jen, and 鄭博仁. "Research on the Metal Recycling Industry in Taiwan - A Case Study of A Company." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m4mc2j.
Анотація:
碩士國立中央大學
高階主管企管碩士班
103
Abstract Urban mining has become one of most discussed areas in recent years. As the public’s environmental awareness increases, the role of the recycling industry has become increasingly important. Industrialization has transformed the human group from an agrarian society into an industry one, and as a result, supply and demand for raw materials skyrocketed. Many decades later, the 3C era has manifested very similar results, particularly with rare materials, such as gold, platinum, etc. Generally, 150 grams of gold, 100 kg of copper, and 3 kg of silver can be extracted from 1000 kg of mobile phone circuit boards; this amount of gold is 30 times more than that extracted from traditional mines, and this is the sprouting idea of urban mining, which many in the industry have their hungry eyes at. All data of this research is obtained from a major precious metal recycling company in Taiwan (Company A). Through interviews, and intensive literature review, this research aims to gain a more thorough understanding of the metal recycling industry and relevant legal issues. Data are collected and analyzed based on the business model provided in Osterwalder and Pigneur (2010). This research has three primary objectives: (a) overview of the recycling business in Taiwan; (b) identification of Company A’s business model using Osterwalder and Pigneur’s (2010) Business Model Generation; and (c) future envisioning of the metal recycling industry in Taiwan. Some of the major challenges the industry currently faces include: (a) unclear authority designation between waste disposal body and materials recycling body; (b) high set up cost and complicated licensing process; (c) scarce land resources and difficult to iron out conflicts with environmental groups; and (d) technology lag between upstream and downstream suppliers. In view of these issues, and for the betterment of the metal recycling industry, this study suggests: (a) to establish a central smelting body; (b) to establish agreements with environmental groups in South East Asia and China; (c) to fine tune existing laws to narrow the consensus gap between waste disposal body and materials recycling body; and (d) allow import of recyclable waste to enhance Taiwan's competitiveness in the metal recycling industry. Keywords: Material recycling, Metal recycling, Business model generation
Книги з теми "Metal recycling industry":
1
Breckling, John. Recycling opportunities. Cleveland Hts., OH: Leading Edge Reports, 1990.
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(Canada), Mineral Sciences Laboratories. An overview of the metals recycling industry in Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Mineral Sciences Laboratories, 1993.
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Henstock, Michael E. The recycling of non-ferrous metals. Ottawa: International Council on Metals and the Environment, 1996.
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Yan, Qiping. Zhongguo fei gang tie chan ye yan jiu. 8th ed. Beijing: Ye jin gong ye chu ban she, 2014.
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), Industrial Waste Diversion Program (Ont. Preliminary evaluation of copper, nickel, and chromium recovery from wastes generated by the metal finishing industry in Ontario. Toronto, Ont: Queen's Printer for Ontario, 1991.
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Gabler, Robert C. A platinum-group metals consumption and recycling flow model. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
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Gabler, Robert C. A platinum-group metals consumption and recycling flow model. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
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Gabler, Robert C. A platinum-group metals consumption and recycling flow model. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
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Gabler, Robert C. A platinum-group metals consumption and recycling flow model. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
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Gabler, Robert C. A platinum-group metals consumption and recycling flow model. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1991.
Частини книг з теми "Metal recycling industry":
1
Ndlovu, Sehliselo, Geoffrey S. Simate, and Elias Matinde. "Ferrous Metals Waste Production and Recycling." In Waste Production and Utilization in the Metal Extraction Industry, 113–208. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, 2017.: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315153896-4.
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dos Santos, Emanuele Caroline Araújo, Tamires Augustin da Silveira, Angéli Viviani Colling, Carlos Alberto Mendes Moraes, and Feliciane Andrade Brehm. "Recycling Processes for the Recovery of Metal from E-waste of the LED Industry." In E-waste Recycling and Management, 159–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-14184-4_9.
3
Shahbazi, Sasha, Patricia van Loon, Martin Kurdve, and Mats Johansson. "Metal and Plastic Recycling Flows in a Circular Value Chain." In Towards a Sustainable Future - Life Cycle Management, 195–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77127-0_18.
Анотація:
AbstractMaterial efficiency in manufacturing is an enabler of circular economy and captures value in industry through decreasing the amount of material used to produce one unit of output, generating less waste per output and improving waste segregation and management. However, material types and fractions play an important role in successfulness of recycling initiatives. This study investigates two main fractions in automotive industry, namely, metal and plastic. For both material flows, information availability and standards and regulations are pivotal to increase segregation, optimize the collection and obtain the highest possible circulation rates with high quality of recyclables. This paper presents and compares the current information flows and standards and regulations of metals and plastics in the automotive value chain.
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Rejaee, Mazi. "Addressing Some of the Key Recycling Issues in the Magnesium Industry with Integration of Primary Metal Production, Die Casting and Recycling." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 1331. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch116.
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Antrekowitsch, Jürgen. "Recycling of Poly-Metallic Residues from Metal Industry - Current Status and Future Developments." In Rewas 2016: Towards Materials Resource Sustainability, 1–9. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119275039.ch1.
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Antrekowitsch, Jürgen. "Recycling of Poly-Metallic Residues from Metal Industry — Current Status and Future Developments." In REWAS 2016, 3–9. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48768-7_1.
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Chohaney, Michael L., Charles D. Yeager, Jay D. Gatrell, and David J. Nemeth. "Poverty, Sustainability, & Metal Recycling: Geovisualizing the Case of Scrapping as a Sustainable Urban Industry in Detroit." In Urban Sustainability: Policy and Praxis, 99–133. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26218-5_8.
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Hagelüken, Christian. "Recycling of Precious and Special Metals." In Eco-Efficiency in Industry and Science, 221–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5712-7_15.
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Balasubramanian, G., M. T. Nimje, and V. V. Kutumbarao. "Conversion of Aluminium Industry Wastes into Glass-Ceramic Products." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 1223–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch107.
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Aposhian, A. N. "Recycling of Tin/Lead Bearing by-Products from the Electronics Industry." In Recycling of Metals and Engineercd Materials, 661–64. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118788073.ch57.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Metal recycling industry":
1
Dodd, Kevin, Joe Robinson, and Maria Lindberg. "BPEO/BPM in Recycling of Low Level Waste Metal in the UK." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16210.
Анотація:
Best Practicable Environmental Option (BPEO) and Best Practicable Means (BPM) are concepts well established in the nuclear industry to help guide and inform waste management decision making. The recycling of contaminated metal waste in the UK is not well established, with the majority of waste disposed of at the Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) at Drigg. This paper presents an overview of the Strategic BPEO study completed by Studsvik examining the options for low level metal waste management and a subsequent BPM study completed in support of a proposed metals recycling service. The environmental benefits of recycling metals overseas is further examined through the application of lifecycle analysis to the metals recycling process. The methodologies used for both studies are discussed and the findings of these studies presented. These indicate that recycling contaminated metal is the preferred option, using overseas facilities until UK facilities are available. The BPM for metals recycling is discussed in detail and indicates that a tool box for processing metal waste is required to ensure BPM is applied on a case by case basis. This is supported by effective management of waste transport and waste acceptance criteria. Whilst the transport of contaminated metal overseas for treatment adds to the environmental burden of metals recycling, this when compared with the production of virgin metal, is shown to remain beneficial. The results of the Studsvik studies demonstrate the benefits of recycling metals, the options available for such a service and challenges that remain.
2
Sunk, Werner. "Survey of Metal Recovery in the U.S. WTE Industry." In 15th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec15-3219.
Анотація:
Part of the WTERT effort to increase the amount of metals recovered by the U.S. Waste-to-Energy industry was a survey to determine the type of equipment used for metal recovery and the quantities of ferrous and non-ferrous metals recovered, and the distribution in percent between front- and back-end recovered metals. A questionnaire was sent to the headquarters of the three major WTE companies and fifty three WTE plants responded with data for the year 2004. As mass burn and RDF plants were examined separately, a comparison of metal recovery by means of these two technologies was possible. The ways to recover metals in the U.S. WTE industry range from only manual separation of large objects at the tipping floor at mass burn facilities, to front-end recovery at RDF plants, to metal separation from the ash at the back-end of the WTE process or at a regional metal recovery facility. Accordingly, the amounts of metals recovered range from very little to over 40.000 tons per year. Comparison of the collected with estimated averages of ferrous (5%) and non-ferrous (0.7%) metals in U.S. MSW, indicated that 48% of ferrous and 9% of non-ferrous metal input are recovered at these 53 WTE facilities every year. The remainder is landfilled and represents a revenue loss that may be as high as $160 millions per year, including the payment of tipping fees for landfilling metals. Mass burn facilities recover an average of 43% of the ferrous and 5% of the non-ferrous metals, while RDF plants recover 71% of ferrous and 30% of non-ferrous of the assumed metal input. However, the metal input in some WTEs may differ from the U.S. average because of effective metal recycling practice in the community. Analysis of the front- and back-end recovery at mass burn and RDF plants shows that the former recover only 1% of the ferrous metal at the front-end and 99% from the bottom ash. In comparison, RDF plants recover 88% of the ferrous metal at the front-end and only 12% after combustion. Mass burn plants recover 94% of the non-ferrous metal at the back end. It is interesting to note that RDF plants also recover most of their non-ferrous metals (98% of the total) at the back-end. Our analysis shows that there is room for increasing metal recovery of both ferrous and non-ferrous metals at selected mass burn facilities that presently recover less than 10% of the input ferrous metals. Non-ferrous metal recovery is very low for mass-burn and low for RDF plants. Since the value of WTE metals has increased appreciably recently, due to increased consumption in China, it is a good time to consider plant modifications that will help increase metal recovery. Some of the most likely WTEs for implementing such modifications have been identified and discussions are under way for effecting plant retrofits at some facilities. A current objective is to obtain similar data from the nearly 30 facilities that were not included in the first part of this survey. We are also trying to determine how metal recycling practice in the communities that supply various WTE facilities correlates with the metal recoveries attained by these facilities.
3
Pesente, S., S. Vanini, M. Benettoni, G. Bonomi, P. Calvini, P. Checchia, E. Conti, et al. "Securing the metal recycling chain for the steel industry by detecting orphan radioactive sources in scrap metal." In VIII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3480208.
4
Ali, Ahmed K. "From Conventional Recycling to Creative Reuse: Empowering Local Industrial Resources Through Synergistic Practices." In 2018 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2018.22.
Анотація:
This paper seeks to introduce a novel approach in salvaging the urban realm through exploring ways in which design can extrapolate the use and the value of consistent industrial byproducts, mainly from the automobile industry. The research begins with a need to conserve materials and energy with a focus on adding value by design. In this paper, a speculative design work and comparative analysis have been conducted. The method begins with the analysis of automobile byproduct materials, observations of procurement of new material and analysis of proposed designs of automobile body manufacturing. The goal of the study is to transform the linear approach in making building components, in particular, building exterior metal skins and cladding systems, to a closed-loop approach, which ensures multi-dimensional economic, social, and environmental benefits. The study introduces a novel approach in initiating a symbiosis between non-hazardous automobile waste and the building and construction industry. In particular, creating building skin systems from by-product galvanized sheet metal from the automobile industry. The results are expected to change the focus of the current waste management practices in the manufacturing industry from conventional recycling to creative reuse.
5
Balderston, Dayton, John Eric Kelley, James Crowder, Thomas DeAgostino, and Christopher Depcik. "Repurposing of a Hybrid Vehicle Nickel Metal Hydride Battery Pack for Electrical Grid Storage." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70897.
Анотація:
Climate change concerns are driving incentives to increase the fuel economy of passenger vehicles. Consequently, this has resulted in a growing prevalence of electrified vehicles (EVs) consisting of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and fully electric vehicles. Unfortunately, EVs are often removed from the road when 70 to 80% of the original energy capacity remains in their battery pack. In order to maintain or increase the value of EV battery packs in an end-of-vehicle life scenario, there are three potential solutions: remanufacturing for re-use, recycling, or repurposing. However, the complexity of handling dissimilar battery chemistries makes both remanufacturing and recycling a significant challenge. Hence, repurposing may prove to be a more viable short-term goal of the industry. In order to explore this potential outcome, a team of undergraduate students studied the continuous cycling effects of used and refurbished Toyota® Prius nickel metal hydride battery packs. A Raspberry Pi 2 Model B microcomputer recorded relevant data, including battery pack voltage, energy input, and energy output. In combination, a Laboratory Virtual Instrument Engineering Workbench (LabVIEW™) control system used this logged information to regulate charging and discharging of the battery pack. In addition, to enhance the environmental sustainability of the project, this control system acquired solar information from a nearby weather station, subsequently ensuring that the battery pack only recharged during times of peak solar radiation. Analysis of the pack’s energy balance helped to characterize the cycle life of the pack and its potential in repurposing. Others can emulate the methodology employed as a way to instruct students about the potential left in used vehicular battery packs and their possible integration with the electrical grid.
6
Schulz, A., J. Eckebrecht, M. Weber, and H. Grützner. "Wiederverwertung aufbereiteter Schleifschlämme durch thermisches Spritzen (Re-Usage of Upgraded Grinding Muds by Thermal Spraying)." In ITSC 1999, edited by E. Lugscheider and P. A. Kammer. Verlag für Schweißen und verwandte Verfahren DVS-Verlag GmbH, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1999p0111.
Анотація:
Abstract The waste management and practice of reuse of cooling lubricant containing grinding swarf has become a problem of rising importance due to introduction of the law of recycling economics in October 1996. Grinding swarf is a significant set of arising residual material in the metal working industry (about 250.000 t/a). The recycling of this material on the highest extent was object of researches carried out by a working group at the IWT together with the IFAM, accompanied by the Federal Environmental Agency. Target was the preparation of the solid fraction of grinding swarf for reuse as basic material in processes for powder metallurgy and thermal spraying. The produced materials were investigated for their principle applicability to technological problems. Coatings produced from grinding swarf by atmospheric plasma spraying exhibit high hardness and an increased wear resistance. Remaining difficulties are the supply with base materials of constant quality and the resulting instabilities in the coating process and quality of the coatings. Paper text in German.
7
Li, Yong, Joseph McManus, and Howard Thompson. "Cost-Effective and Environmentally Sustainable Permanent Magnet Motor for Artificial Lift." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210208-ms.
Анотація:
Abstract The challenge of climate change and the imperative of moving to a low carbon economy has intensified and added to traditional objectives of affordable, safe, and clean energy in oil and gas production. Recycling parts from artificial lift equipment has been an industry-standard practice for decades. Equipment component reclaim has been a way to deliver high-quality, cost-effective products to our customers, especially in tough market times. It will be a critical best practice to reduce carbon emissions and enhance environmental sustainability. With customer cooperation, service companies develop procedures to re-use the most significant components of an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) system. These include the pump, cable, seal chamber section, and motor. The motor stator, bearings, and rotors are a high percentage of reclaimable parts in an ESP system. Reclaiming the induction motor (IM) rotors has been standard practice for decades. However, with the advent of permanent magnet motors (PMM) and the change in rotor construction, the current process does not apply. The driving force for PMM application is to improve energy efficiency and lower cradle to grave carbon emissions. We could not fully realize the vision of environmental sustainability and reduced carbon footprint if PMM rotors were not part of the reclaim process. Therefore, recycling the PMM rotors strengthens the justification for replacing IMs with PMMs, especially given that the value of magnetic material is highly variable and has doubled in the past year. The PMM rotors from a recovered motor may suffer from de-magnetization or be contaminated with production fluids or metal debris. Like IM rotors, the most effective method to remove contaminants from the PM rotor is to bake at high temperatures for a period. However, baking the PMM rotor magnets at elevated temperatures will be at least partially de-magnetized during the process and result in the PMM rotors no longer meeting performance specifications. This paper will present innovative technology and apparatus to re-magnetize the de-magnetized rotors for reclaiming. The research has developed a process where, without disassembling the rotor, the magnets in the rotor are re-magnetized in-situ by a specific apparatus. Testing has proven that PMMs assembled with reclaimed rotors have the same performance-rated power and torque as those built with new rotors. On the other hand, since magnets in PMMs account for more than 50% of total carbon emission of all reclaimable parts in PMMs, factoring in mining, manufacturing, logistics, and processing of magnets that generates toxic by-products to the environment, PMM rotor recycling contributes to corporate responsibility and our overall ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) rating. Furthermore, reclaiming PMM rotors can enable us to build PMM more cost-effectively, gain competitiveness in the market, and keep our PMM supply chain more stabilized.
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Craze, Andrew, Pete Davis, and Matthew Clark. "Strategic Environmental Assessment for UK LLW Management." In ASME 2009 12th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2009-16392.
Анотація:
NDA is delivering a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) to underpin the UK Nuclear Industry Low Level Waste Strategy. The purpose of this assessment is embed sustainability issues into our decision making and to fulfil our requirements under the European Union’s Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (2004/42/EU) and transposing UK Regulations, and to underpin the development of the strategy. The outputs of the SEA have provided input into particular aspects of the strategy, leading to a more robust and better informed result. Development of options to be assessed under the SEA has looked at a number of factors, including: • what the strategy is aiming to achieve; • expectation from stakeholders as to what should be addressed; • consideration of tactical approaches to implementation of the strategy in addition to high level strategic issues; • links to other projects and programmes (for example the Environmental Safety Case for the Low Level Waste Repository. The SEA aims to provide a robust assessment of the environmental and sustainability impacts of alternative strategies for providing continued capability and capacity for the management and disposal of LLW in the UK. The assessment also considers other, more tactical, issues around implementation of the strategy, for example: issues around the location of LLW management facilities; the environmental impacts of alternative waste treatment options (metal recycling etc); considerations of alternative approaches to the classification of radioactive waste and opportunities that would result. Critical to the development of the SEA has been the involvement of statutory and non-statutory stakeholders, who have informed both the output and the approach taken.
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Ponnet, Mathieu, Michel Klein, André Rahier, Luc Noynaert, and Gérard Aleton. "Thorough Chemical Decontamination MEDOC®: An Effective Way to Reduce Metallic Waste Volume of the Dismantled Materials." In ASME 2001 8th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2001-1308.
Анотація:
Abstract The dismantling of the BR3-PWR reactor leads to the production of large masses of contaminated metallic pieces, including structural materials, primary pipings, tanks and heat exchangers. One of the main objectives is to demonstrate that we can minimise the volume of radioactive waste in an economical way, by the use of alternative waste routes, such as recycling of material in the nuclear world, free release of material in the conventional industry after melting or free release of material after thorough decontamination. The SCK•CEN launched a decontamination program with the aim to free release as much of the dismantled metallic material as possible. The selected chemical decontamination process, so-called MEDOC® (MEtal Decontamination by Oxidation with Cerium), is based on the use of cerium IV as strong oxidant in sulphuric acid with continuous regeneration using ozone. An industrial installation has been designed and constructed in close collaboration with Framatome-France. This installation started to operate in September 1999 for the treatment of the metallic pieces arising from the dismantling of the BR3 reactor. Since the installation starts up, 21 tons of contaminated material has been treated batchwise with success. Up to now, MEDOC® has been accomplished as a batch process in which the decontamination reactor is loaded with a basket containing the contaminated material. The SCK•CEN is now considering the possibility of using the MEDOC plant to decontaminate large components before cutting them, such as the BR3 -steam generator and the pressurizer. The decontamination solution will be circulated between the MEDOC plant and the steam generator during the consecutive decontamination cycles. Each cycle will comprises a decontamination step followed by a regeneration step. For the steam generator, 30 cycles are estimated to be needed to reach the free release level after melting. The decontamination studies of large components are ongoing and take into account the technical aspects, the radiological and classical safety aspects, as well as financial aspects.
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Quade, Ulrich, and Thomas Kluth. "Waste Minimization by Melting–Recycling of Radioactive Metals: 20 Years Operation of the Melting Plant CARLA by Siempelkamp Nukleartechnik GmbH." In ASME 2011 14th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2011-59040.
Анотація:
Since more than 20 years the company Siempelkamp is deeply involved in the field of melting and recycling of radioactively contaminated metals from operation and decommissioning of nuclear installations across Europe. The experience of this long period shows clearly that only a combination of recycling inside the nuclear industry and release for reuse outside the nuclear market will generate the optimum results for the minimisation of radioactive waste volume. Final disposal volume is becoming more and more the status of an own resource within our nuclear business and should be handled very carefully in the future. The paper gives a compact overview about the impressive results of melting treatment, the current potential of the melting plant CARLA and about further developments.