Статті в журналах: "Micro distributed generation system"

1

Qiu, Lu, and Yan Song Li. "Micro-Grid System Integrated with GSHP." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 288–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.288.

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In the past few decades, power system has developed into a large-scale network system of centralized electricity generation and long-distance transmission. But in recent years, electrical load has increasing, while the grid has not developed simultaneously, it makes transmission capacity of long-distance transmission lines increase, so as the decline of stability and security of power grid. In order to achieve the goal of not only increasing utilization of renewable energy, but also solving the drawbacks of large-scale power systems, implementing distributed power generation is an effective way. Despite the advantages of distributed generation, there are many problems in itself, for example, the high cost of distributed generation stand-alone access and control difficulties. In addition, distributed generation is a non-controllable source for large grid. Then in the beginning of this century, scholars have proposed the concept of micro-grid.

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2

Kostenko, Ganna, and Artur Zaporozhets. "Enhancing of the power system resilience through the application of micro power systems (microgrid) with renewable distributed generation." System Research in Energy 2023, no. 3 (August 25, 2023): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/srenergy2023.03.025.

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The power sector plays a critical role in the functioning of the economy and the security of a country, being closely interconnected with other vital infrastructures, such as gas supply, water supply, transportation, and telecommunications. Ensuring a stable power supply is crucial for the uninterrupted operation of these systems. One way to enhance the resilience of the power system is by integrating local networks with distributed renewable generation into the overall energy infrastructure. The flexibility, stability, controllability, and self-healing capabilities of microgrids make them an effective solution for improving the resilience of the power system. The power grid is susceptible to disturbances and disruptions that can cause large-scale power outages for consumers. Statistical data indicates that approximately 90% of outages occur due to issues in the distribution system, thus research focuses on local microgrids with distributed renewable generation. This study analyzed the role of microgrids with renewable generation in enhancing the resilience of power systems. Additionally, functions of microgrids that contribute to enhancing power system resilience, such as service restoration, network formation strategies, control and stability, as well as preventive measures, were summarized. It was found that local microgrids have significant potential to enhance power system resilience through the implementation of various strategies, from emergency response planning to providing reliable energy supply for quick responses to military, environmental, and human-induced crises. The concept of local distributed energy generation, storage, and control can reduce reliance on long-distance power transmission lines, reduce network vulnerabilities, and simultaneously improve its resilience and reduce recovery time. It has been determined that the most necessary and promising approaches to enhance the resilience of the power system include developing appropriate regulatory frameworks, implementing automatic frequency and power control systems, ensuring resource adequacy (including the reservation of technical components), promoting distributed generation, integrating energy storage systems into the energy grid, and strengthening cyber security. Keywords: resilience, local power systems, MicroGrid, distributed generation, renewable energy sources.

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3

Zhang, Ji Hong, Zhen Kui Wu, Hua Li, and Han Shan Li. "Control Strategy of Wind Photovoltaic and Energy Storage System Stability Running." Applied Mechanics and Materials 336-338 (July 2013): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.336-338.547.

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Micro grid may exert adequately distributed generation efficiency, and that wind Photovoltaic and Energy Storage is a key equipment in the micro grid. Aiming at the distributed generation existing intermittence and randomicity characteristic, the paper discussed the micro grid P/Q control method under the connection grid state and the micro grid U/F control method under the disconnection grid state. It also studied the distributed generation parameters variational law under the micro grid different run mode, and built the correlative mathematics model and tested by simulation. The results show: the control strategy ensured the mice grid running stably, and achieved the system anticipative design request, and offered theory foundation for the distributed generation extend application.

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4

Zhao, Yao, Ru Qi Cheng, Geng Shen Zhao та Zhi Hua Zha. "Power Optimal Utilization of DС Bus Micro-Grid System". Advanced Materials Research 430-432 (січень 2012): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.430-432.820.

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Multiple distributed generations construct the micro-grid system through the DC bus, each distributed generation has its own maximum power point, research on the method to improve the overall utilization of the DC bus. Discussed the micro-grid including solar photovoltaic and wind power generations, built the mathematical model of the two generations, used simulation methods to get the power output curve, proposed the improved MPPT method for the DC bus to obtain maximum power. Through micro-grid experimental platform, verify the method is effective to improve the energy utilization efficiency of the DC bus.

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5

Nikkhajoei, H., and M. R. Iravani. "A Matrix Converter Based Micro-Turbine Distributed Generation System." IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery 20, no. 3 (July 2005): 2182–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2004.838517.

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6

Sang, Ying Jun, and Yuan Yuan Fan. "Micro Grid Technology Research Based on the Distributed Generation." Advanced Materials Research 804 (September 2013): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.804.383.

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The paper presents the concept and structure of micro grid technology based on distributed generation, and especially introduces the key technology of micro network which includes five parts: micro-grid planning and design, micro-grid communication technology, micro-grid power electronic technology, micro-grid control and energy management system. At last problems need to be solved in the future have been put forward and discussed in this paper.

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7

Hur, Kwang Beom, Sang Kyu Rhim, Jung Keuk Park, and Jae Hoon Kim. "System Development of Micro Gas Turbine Co-Generation." Key Engineering Materials 345-346 (August 2007): 1003–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.345-346.1003.

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The new market penetration using the distributed generation technology is linked to a large number of factors like economics and performance, safety and reliability, market regulations, environmental issues, or grid connection standards. KEPCO, a government company in Korea, has performed the project to identify and evaluate the performance of Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) technologies focused on 30, 60kW-class grid-connected optimization and combined Heat & Power performance. This paper describes the results for the mechanical, electrical, and environmental tests of MGT on actual grid-connection under Korean regulations. As one of the achievements, the simulation model of Exhaust-gas Absorption Chiller was developed, so that it will be able to analyze or propose new distributed generation system using MGT.

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8

KURATA, Osamu, Katsuhiko KADOGUCHI, Norihiko IKI, Takayuki MATSUNUMA, Hiro YOSHIDA, Tetsuhiko MAEDA, and Hiromi TAKEUCHI. "E106 MICRO GAS TURBINE CO-GENERATION SYSTEM AT SAPPORO CITY UNIVERSITY UNDER SERVICE CONDITIONS(Distributed Energy System-1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.1 (2009): _1–263_—_1–268_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.1._1-263_.

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9

Wei, Ming Yue. "Impact of Distributed Generation on Power System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 543-547 (March 2014): 681–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.543-547.681.

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For the study of distributed generation and its impact on power system, this paper briefly introduces the basic concept, the advantages of distributed generation, and the concept and basic structure of micro-grid. From the power system planning, system voltage, power quality, island effect, relay protection and other aspects, this paper analysis and discusses the influence of distributed power on power system. To properly resolve the grid-connected distributed generation power influence, it will be helpful for the development of future of distributed power generation. Distributed power generation can be used not only as an important supplement of the traditional centralized power supply mode, but also as a very important role in energy utilization, it will become an important area of research and development in future energy.

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10

Chen, Wei Min, and Cai Hui. "Design on a Micro-Grid System without Inverse-Power-Flow Based on Distributed Generation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 321-324 (June 2013): 1342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.321-324.1342.

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Recent years, traditional radiate passive power distribution will become an active power with many medium or small power sources and loads, when distributed generation by new energy (such as wind power or photovoltaic power) are connected to power grid more and more. This change of power distribution brings large harm to security of power grid. This paper proposed a micro-grid system without inverse-power-flow based on distributed generation, which center controller and load controller are deployed, and distribution powers, loads and load controllers are partitioned into different domains connected to micro-grid by controllable switch. The function of main units of micro-grid is discussed; as well as the operation strategy of micro grid based on distributed generation is studied. Finally, the experiment results show the feasibility of the proposed micro-grid system.

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11

Liu, Jia Lu, Guang Yang, Hong Hao Wang, and Wei Min. "Scheme of Intelligent Building Based on Distributed Generation and Micro-Grid." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1851–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1851.

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The scheme of intelligent Building based on distributed generation and micro-grid is presented in this paper. There are five parts in the scheme: distributed generation, storage device, charge-discharge device of EV, micro-grid control and energy management system, smart home system. The scheme of the intelligent building in this paper has been realized in displayed project of intelligent community in china. The feasibility of establishing a micro grid system at the branch of power grid is analyzed after evaluating the performance of the micro grid system on saving power, reducing cost in transmit line, and increasing the security. Due to the analysis, this micro system has good performance in these aspects and has a great future in the power grid.

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12

Saravanan, G., and I. Gnanambal. "Direct Current Vector Control for Micro-Turbine Distributed Generation System." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 6 (2016): 1471. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00299.9.

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13

Nikkhajoei, H., and R. Iravani. "Electromagnetic transients of a micro-turbine based distributed generation system." Electric Power Systems Research 77, no. 11 (September 2007): 1475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2006.08.019.

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14

Ko, Yun-Seok, Su-Hwan Kim, and Gyoung-Hwan Lim. "Miniaturized Distributed Generation for a Micro Smart Grid Simulator." Energies 15, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15041511.

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In this paper, a miniaturization method is proposed for developing micro distributed generation for a micro smart grid simulator. The micro smart grid simulator is a fault simulator that was built to test and verify the new operation control algorithms for smart grids in the laboratory and has a size downscaled to one-thousandth of that of an actual smart grid. The micro distributed generation was designed in a multi-layered structure (dimension: 13 × 20 cm2), in which each function is implemented in several layers, to satisfy the size requirements. Next, the grid synchronization and PQ control algorithms required for the distributed generation were developed. A three-phase 19 V power system was built, and a 19 V–7.5 W three-phase micro distributed generation was realized through experimental verification. In addition, by verifying the effectiveness through grid synchronization and 7.5 W PQ control experiments, it was confirmed that the micro distributed generation based on the proposed miniaturization method can be implemented in a micro smart grid simulator.

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15

Gao, Yong Xin. "Study on Effect of Micro-Power System Operation and Market Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 316-317 (April 2013): 149–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.316-317.149.

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Micro-grid to facilitate a large number of distributed energy resources (DER) interconnection and access in the low voltage distribution system, provides a mechanism to take advantage of DER generating units, micro-grid profiles are described in the text and its development, micro-Islanding detection of grid management systems, micro-grid issues and micro-grids, market competitive issues. That urgency of micro-grid and Islanding detection methods, along with bidding in power market, the only generation involved in unilateral bidding mechanism and power side and the user side and participate in bilateral bidding mechanism.

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16

Zhou, Xue Song, Li Yang Yin, and You Jie Ma. "An Overview of Micro-Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 552 (June 2014): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.552.99.

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Micro-Grid is a small system consisting of micro-power source and the load, which provide electricity and heat for the user. Micro-grid concept proposed mainly to solve large-scale, distributed power and network diversity technically and issues on the market and policy in order to play the advantages of distributed generation technologies in the economic, energy and the environment. It can maximize acceptance of distributed power, and better meet the electricity users’ requirements of power reliability and power quality. Therefore, the research and development of micro-network is an inevitable choice for a large number of distributed generation connected to the grid. This paper briefly discusses evolution of Micro-Grid development, including the difference from conventional power system, the characteristics of Micro-Grid, the present research status, and the key technologies of Smart Grid.

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17

Chen, Guo Qing. "Research on the Demand of Dynamic Housing and the Application of Distributed Generation Management in Micro-Smart Grid." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 3217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.3217.

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Smart grid is a very important trend of power system. With the sharing of smart grid and micro-grid from the traditional power grid, the energy cost and the environmental degradation of power grid have reduced. This paper introduces a dynamic demand response and distributed generation management approach according to micro-smart grid of a residential area. This method has dynamic update mechanism, demand response automation operation and human intervention. Distributed management coordinates with demand response. For example, random load and wind power generation are used to reduce the cost of energy consumption of a residential area. This paper achieves the study of the demand of dynamic housing and the application of distributed generation management in micro-smart grid by the form of distributed generation management modeling. It introduces the specific distribution form of the distributed micro-smart grid taking the building of new rural micro smart grid for example. It also introduces the circuit schematic diagram of micro smart grid.

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18

Ji, Hao, Meng Wang, Ting Yang, and Junjie Zhao. "State feedback control aware stochastic transmitting latency in cyber-physical power system." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 9 (September 2018): 168781401878740. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718802260.

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Distributed sensor networks with a great number of sensors realize information gathering, transmitting, and controlling, which will greatly improve the reliability and efficiency of industrial infrastructure systems, such as cyber-physical power system. Cyber-physical power system is one of the heuristic systems tightly coupled by a continuous-time electrical power system and a discrete-time information system. The transmitting latency, packets disorder, or loss will fail system convergence, even unstable under disturbance. This article studies the effect of long latency on cyber-physical power system frequency stability based on network control theory and establishes a heuristic model to express the continuous-time distributed generation system and the discrete-time distributed sensor network. A new state feedback controller is designed based on the stochastic optimal control theory to solve the micro-grid’s frequency stability problem with stochastic latency disturbance. Finally, we have conducted an extensive evaluation study using a real distributed generation micro-grid system. The simulation results show that the new controller reduces the influence of distributed sensor networks transmitting latency on the frequency stability, and the frequency dynamic process in the distributed generation micro-grid has smaller overshoot and obtains faster dynamic response speed.

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19

Ma, You Jie, Kun Zhou, and Xue Song Zhou. "Overview on Micro-Grid Technology Research." Advanced Materials Research 749 (August 2013): 618–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.749.618.

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Traditional central power supply and distributed generation have the advantages and limitations themselves. Micro grid technology can integrate the advantages of distributed generation and that makes for large scale new energy and renewable energy power generation system connected to the grid. First, the micro grid research background and significance are introduced in detail, then the current research situations of micro-grid at home and abroad are represented, in the end, the key problems and development prospect of micro grid are discussed emphatically.

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20

Kalluri, Deepika. "A Distributed Generation System with Micro Grid for Effective Energy Management." CVR Journal of Science & Technology 11, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 35–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32377/cvrjst1106.

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21

Kumar Rajagopal, Jegedeesh, and Vignesh Thangavel. "Analysis of Energy Management in Micro-grid with Distributed Generation System." American Journal of Modern Energy 6, no. 6 (2020): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajme.20200606.12.

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22

Wan, Xing, and Xiao Li Zhang. "AGC Control of Scheduling with Distributing Power Generation and Performance Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.101.

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Abstract: Scheduling plans of running a large, traditional power grid often distribute power resources in each small system. And they didn’t take the scope of scheduling operation within the power distribution system into consideration. With the trend separate transmission and distribution, the number of distributed generators that installed is growing rapidly. More and more micro-grid network composed of low-voltage distribution power network are formed. With effective regulation, this system can satisfy local load demand and support networking. The establishment of mechanisms such as AGC support services, with be vital to insure the power quality and reliability. Keywords: distributing power Micro-Grid DG AGC

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23

Cao, Xiaodong, Shihai Yang, Feng Ji, Songyang Liu, and Xu Zhou. "Design of smart home microgrid with high permeability distributed photovoltaic." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 01027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913601027.

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The high permeability of household distributed photovoltaic is prevalent after its access. The connection between distributed generation and main network is cut off quickly and the energy storage device is used to realize energy storage. From the point of view of economy and rationality, the above-mentioned operation has become increasingly unable to meet the health of the grid after the access of distributed generation. In this paper, a construction scheme and operation strategy of household micro-grid including household energy efficiency management is designed by using equipment and equipment integration, equipment and system integration, system and system integration of household micro-grid and household energy efficiency management. It adds in-situ absorption capacity of distributed photovoltaic, realizes efficient integration of household energy efficiency management and household microgrid, effectively solves the problems of high permeability of household distributed generation, and has certain application value in the user side.

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24

Li, Rui, and Peng Li. "CHP Microgrid Optimized Operation Based on Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm." Advanced Materials Research 981 (July 2014): 668–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.981.668.

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CHP system with Energy saving, environmental protection, economic and other characteristics,have good prospects for the development and application value.This paper directe a micro grid system consisted by photovoltaic cells, wind turbines, fuel cells, microturbines, auxiliary boilers, thermal energy storage systems and batteries and heat load and electrical load.Considering various distributed power generation costs, environmental costs and micro-grid equipment maintenance costs,To meet the constraints of micro-grid operation, optimization of the different micro-grid distributed power and energy storage system power output, make the system's total operating costs are minimized.This paper analyzes the economic and environmental of micro-grid optimal operation characteristics, given a model of CHP micro-grid.For the cost of power generation and emissions of different weights, using bacterial foraging optimization(BFO) algorithm,through a numerical example verified the Correctness and effectiveness of mathematical model and optimization algorithm .

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25

Quan, Feng Qi, Hai Ting Zhang, Chun Dong Li, Qing Qi Zhao, Peng Yin, Pei Yuan Cong, Hong Yu Zhang, and Hai Long Li. "Research on Implementation and Design of Monitoring System for Distributed Micro Gird." Applied Mechanics and Materials 620 (August 2014): 210–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.620.210.

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The intelligent model of micro gird got more and more attention, which is believed to be the development trend of low carbon intelligent micro grid. In this paper, we construct a stand-alone AC-DC micro gird with wind/photovoltaic/battery resources under off-grid model, and discuss the strategy of micro grid monitoring to realize reasonable allocation of power energy by the control system of unified micro grid dispatching. The electricity generation is integrated to the building grid by 380V low voltage, mainly to meet the self-occupied. The excess electricity can also be stored or connected to the network according to technology and management requirements of countries distributed photovoltaic systems.

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26

Gilev, Bogdan, Miroslav Andreev, Nikolay Hinov, and George Angelov. "Modeling and Simulation of a Low-Cost Fast Charging Station Based on a Micro Gas Turbine and a Supercapacitor." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 8020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15218020.

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In recent years, micro turbine technology has become a continuously reliable and viable distributed generation system. The application of distributed energy power generation sources, such as micro gas turbines (MGT), to charge electric vehicles offers numerous technical, economical benefits, and opportunities. MGT are considered as they are smaller than conventional heavy-duty gas turbines. They also are capable of accepting and operating with different fossil fuels in the range of low–high pressure levels as well as co-generation opportunities. The MGT could provide the fast and reliable output power guaranteed and needed for grid stability. This paper provides a mathematical representation, modelling, and simulation of a low-cost fast charging station based on a micro gas turbine and a super capacitor forming altogether a power generation system suitable for use especially as energy source in fast charging stations and dynamic power systems. All the micro gas turbine’s parameters are estimated according to available performance and operational data. The proposed system generates up to 30 kW output power assuming that it operates with natural gas. The developed model of the system is simulated in the environment of MATLAB/Simulink. Each part of the micro turbine generation system is represented by a mathematical model. On the basis of the developed model of the system, the minimum value of the supercapacitor was determined, which ensures the charging schedule of a selected electric vehicle.

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27

Jeman, Ameerul A. J., Naeem M. S. Hannoon, Nabil Hidayat, Mohamed M. H. Adam, Ismail Musirin, and Vijayakumar V. "Fault analysis for renewable energy power system in micro-grid distributed generation." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 13, no. 3 (March 1, 2019): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i3.pp1117-1123.

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<span>In distribution system, wind power plants are becoming popular renewable energy sources. It employs Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) to generate power based on wind conversion. Short and long transmission lines, presence of faults and presence of Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) are highlighted issues in this paper. Basically, this research develops investigations on some electrical variables such as voltage and current to control them. Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM) is proposed in this paper. Wind farm acts as a source while DSTATCOM is connected to the distribution system with a DFIG based wind farm. The controller proposed is DSTATCOM is modeled and simulated in MATLAB/SIMULINK and the results are given. A microgrid based small signal analysis is performed in the laboratory using MATLAB and different comparisons are made and simulation case studies are presented and validated.</span>

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28

Xu, Libo, Jun Ye, Yexin Chen, and Hejun Xu. "Application of Module Level Power Electronics Technology in Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation System." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2731, no. 1 (March 1, 2024): 012020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2731/1/012020.

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Abstract Distributed photovoltaic power generation system usually adopts series wiring scheme, which has problems such as high voltage DC electrical safety risk, power mismatch of modules and maintenance management difficulty. Three schemes of module level power electronics technology are proposed, including string inverter with rapid shutdown device, string inverter with module optimizer and micro inverter. The electrical shut-off, power generation data monitoring, power optimization and inverter function characteristics of each scheme are described and compared, and the suggested application scenarios are given. In addition, typical electrical topology schemes of module level power electronic devices including rapid shutdown device, module optimizer and micro inverter are introduced.

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29

Shadir, Sheikh. "Enhancing AC Microgrid Surveillance and Security with Micro PMUs." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 05 (May 6, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33095.

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The development of microgrids represents a critical turning point in reducing the effects of dispersed generation and offers a strong and effective means of encouraging sustainable energy use and improving the dependability of the power supply. Essentially, a microgrid is a small energy supply system that usually consists of distributed generation (DG) sources, loads, storage units, energy conversion devices, and monitoring and protection systems. Because of its flexibility, it can be used for both integrated and islanded operations, making it a control unit that can function independently of the main grid. Key Words: Microgrid; microgrid protection; Distributed Generation.

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30

Shahrood, Amir Jalali, S. M. Moghaddas Tafreshi, A. Houshmand Viky, Azim Saliminiaie Lahiji, and Milad Moghassem Hamidi. "Frequency Control in a Micro Grid with Wind Turbine System." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 1116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.1116.

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In this paper a micro grid that consists of micro turbine, fuel cell, wind turbine, electrolyzer, ultra capacitor and battery, is analyzed for frequency control, during several load disturbances. In other word, produced power from all the other distributed generation (DG) sources are regulated by PI controllers. As the balance between the load and generation changes, the power system frequency deviates. In order to reduce these frequency deviations, the PI controllers, used to regulate the power flow from DGs. It is proposed that, proportional and integral gains tuned through trial and error method.

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31

Saleh, Mostafa I., Gaber El-Saady, Ali M. Yousef, and El-Noby A. Ibrahim. "Design a Centralized Protection Scheme in Micro-gride Power Systems." International Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 6 (October 17, 2024): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232027.2024.6.24.

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Distributed generators is now widely used in electrical power networks, in some cases it works seasonally, and some types works at special weather conditions like photo voltaic systems and wind energy, and because of this continuous change in generation condition which requires adaptive protection system that can adaptive its setting according to generation changes , central protection unite can be used to control the active setting group of protection relay according to generation capacity, a proposed method for selecting suitable backup relay is used, which leads to decrease relays tripping time and increase system stability.

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32

MALEKI HASAN ABADI, H., and H. DASHTI. "OPTIMAL LOCATION OF A PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM TO IMPROVE THE VOLTAGE PROFILE CONSIDERING THE ACTIVE AND REACTIVE POWER LIMITATIONS." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.126_periodico32_pgs_108_129.pdf.

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This paper has investigated the optimal localization of photovoltaic systems as one of the distributed generations in micro-grids, with regard to active and reactive power. Micro-grids provide the power quality in accordance with customers' needs, positive effects of micro-grids on the electricity market and economic savings. On the other hand, their effects on reducing air pollution have caused many researchers and experts to notice the issue of micro-grids. So, considering the ability of active and reactive power generation for photovoltaic systems in 24 hours, they can be used more efficiently. The algorithms presented on 33 bus micro-grid are applied in MATLAB, and the results have been investigated. The results have shown that the generated reactive power would significantly reduce the active power of system losses. At 9 AM, considering the PV inverter capability for generating the active and reactive power, voltage profile of the system has improved more effectively. At 12 PM, there are existed the maximum radiation and active power generated, and the whole capacity of the inverter is used to generate the active power. The PV reactive power generated has led to the improvement of the voltage profile.

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33

Li, Yu Wei. "Distributed Reactive Power-Voltage Control Method of Micro-Grid." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1214–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1214.

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For micro-grid with multiple distributed power supply, a micro-grid distributed reactive power-voltage control method is proposed in this paper. By introducing active power disturbance, the load reactive power can be distributed in accordance with the distributed generation power rate, which leads to accurate distribution. At the same time, in order to ensure system voltage output stability in the rate, based on consistency and input/output linearization theory, under the distributed power multi-agent network topology, the distributed nonlinear co-droop controller is designed to make up for voltage fluctuation caused by active power disturbance. The simulation results verified the correctness and feasibility of the proposed control method.

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34

Satriya Utama, Ngakan Putu, Rukmi Sari Hartati, Wayan G. Ariastina, Ida Bagus A. Swamardika, and Ontoseno Penangsang. "A Review on Model of Integrating Renewable Distributed Generation into Bali’s Power Distribution Systems: Issues, Challenges, and Possible Solutions." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 4, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v4.i2.pp245-255.

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Spurred by a global energy crisis, the use of renewable distributed generation (DG) with solar photovoltaic (PV) energy, micro-hydro power, and biomass power are gaining momentum and play major role in Bali’s distribution system as an alternative distribution system planning option. If distributed generation planning is optimal by selected optimization of multi-objective function under certain operating constraints and then their site and size are also selected optimally, the penetration of DGs is potentially beneficial. This paper would review techno-economic model objective, voltage profile improvement and power losses constraints as well as optimization based model using particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm application in Bali’s distributed generation planning.

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35

Ye, Aaron. "Modeling and Analysis of Micro-Turbine Integrating PV Generation Systems." Applied and Computational Engineering 98, no. 1 (November 8, 2024): 140–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/98/2024fmceau0103.

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Abstract. As a matter of fact, in the emerging field of distributed generation, micro turbines (MT) are seen as having significant potential in power generation especially in recent years. In reality, it can provide flexibility as well as robustness for PV generation system with great performances. Therefore, with this in mind, this paper proposes a hybrid power system integrating MT into PV generation system. To be specific, this study investigates as well as discusses the operating principles of MT. On this basis, a coordinated PQ control strategy for the hybrid PVMT power generation system is proposed. At the same time, the inertia enhancement brought by the MT is analyzed validating the potential and feasibility of the proposed strategy. According to the analysis, the current limitations as well as future improvements are discussed in the meantime. Overall, these results shed light on guiding further exploration of MT integrating PV generation systems and pave a novel path for designs.

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36

., Ankeeta, and Vasant Acharya. "Review on Power Quality Enhancement and its effects on Micro Grid." IJOSTHE 7, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ojssports.v7i1.117.

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Power generation through the renewable energy sources has become more viable and economical than the fossil fuel based power plants. By integrating small scale distributed energy resources, microgrids are being introduced as an alternative approach in generating electrical power at distribution voltage level. The power electronic interface provides the necessary flexibility, security and reliability of operation between micro-sources and the distribution system. The presence of non-linear and the unbalanced loads in the distribution system causes power quality issues in the Microgrid system. This paper explores and reviews different control strategies developed in the literature for the power quality enhancement in microgrids.

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37

De Robbio, Roberta De. "Micro Gas Turbine Role in Distributed Generation with Renewable Energy Sources." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 7, 2023): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020704.

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To become sustainable, the production of electricity has been oriented towards the adoption of local and renewable sources. Distributed electric and thermal energy generation is more suitable to avoid any possible waste, and the Micro Gas Turbine (MGT) can play a key role in this scenario. Due to the intrinsic properties and the high flexibility of operation of this energy conversion system, the exploitation of alternative fuels and the integration of the MGT itself with other energy conversion systems (solar field, ORC, fuel cells) represent one of the most effective strategies to achieve higher conversion efficiencies and to reduce emissions from power systems. The present work aims to review the results obtained by the researchers in the last years. The different technologies are analyzed in detail, both separately and under a more complete view, considering two or more solutions embedded in micro-grid configurations.

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38

Kolpakhchyan, Pavel G., Alexander R. Shaikhiev, Elena A. Yatsenko, Boris M. Goltsman, and Andrey S. Oshchepkov. "Gas micro-turbines with high-speed electric generators for local smart energy systems." Nexo Revista Científica 33, no. 01 (July 20, 2020): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v33i01.10048.

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At present, the share of energy collected from renewable resources and low-power units is growing, and the generation becomes distributed, having many facilities that operate in co-generation mode. That is why the construction of an energy system with distributed heterogeneous sources and the improvement of its efficiency have become widely discussed issues. This paper proposes a solution of a local smart energy systemfortheTechnoEcoPark, a sciencepark of Rostov State Transport University, Rostov, Russia. The solution aims to integrate the distributed generation facilities, including environmentally friendly renewable resources, grid infrastructure and consumers with controllable and uncontrollable load. Theapproachtothe problem is the application of a smart control systemthatmanagesgeneration, distribution and consumptionof energy in a mini-CHP-based autonomous energy system. Such smart control systems reveal the trends of optimal energydistribution in a autonomousenergysystem. The study substantiates that installation of an in-house mini-CHP can solve the task of supplying heat and powertotheTechnoEcoPark. The important advantage of the solution is a significant reduction of expenses on energy consumption as the generation costs less compared to the grid tariffs. The proposed energy supply system of the TechnoEcoPark exemplifies the integration of heterogeneous heat and power sources and consumers into a commonnetwork. The paper outlines the mechanisms of the energy system efficiency improvement. These mechanisms make it possible to provide heat and power supply services to consumers and to return the generated power into the centralized grid. The materials of the paper can be of use to the specialists and researchers who are interested in generation and distribution of energy in autonomous systems.

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39

Zhang, Wei Lin, Jing Xiong, Yu Jiong Gu, and Ping Zhu. "Analysis and Modeling of Droop Control in Micro-Source for Islanded Micro-Grid." Advanced Materials Research 960-961 (June 2014): 1151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.960-961.1151.

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Considering decentralization of the micro-source units and loads in the micro-grid and concentrating on generation types and models of the storage devices,droop controlstrategy is used in controller design for the distributed generation units. The generation units adopting droop control method based on the droop characteristics can facilitate load power sharing when the powers of loads vary, and can also maintain the system frequency when a unit fault occurs and the micro-grid islands. Then, the operation variations of the micro-grid are analyzed when it runs with load changes in islanding mode and runs with the load power of micro-source varied suddenly. The corresponding rules of the active power, voltage and current for each micro-source and the frequency for the micro-grid are obtained. The simulation data results show the correctness and validity of the droop control strategy.

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40

Pramono, Sholeh Hadi, Eka Maulana, Hadi Suyono, and Akhmad Zainuri. "FAULT DETECTION AND PROTECTION METHOD ON LOW VOLTAGE DC MICRO-GRID SYSTEM." Journal of Enviromental Engineering and Sustainable Technology 5, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/10.21776/ub.jeest.2018.005.01.1.

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<h1>ABSTRACT</h1><p>Micro-grid architecture is designed for small scale model in Brawijaya University area in order to change conventional AC-based electricity system previously. Low voltage direct current (LVDC) levels are proposed and charactized to obtain the optimal design of the DC grid system. Some parameters related to the electrical phenomenon of voltage, current and power which occur in distributed-generation, distribution grid, and load sites were also analyzed. Detailed model of photovoltaic (PV) and PMSG was implemented with operational analysis and simulated with study case modes to achieved the power and system efficiency. DC bus is conducted to accommodate the distribution power between PV generation, battery and super capacitor for energy sorage element, distributed-load and other grid utilization.Various condition and operation have been characterized toward stability performance of the voltage and current of 12-36 volts and 0-20 A DC, respectively. This architectural design can be utilized to develop an actual design and small scale implementation of the LVDC smart micro-grid system.</p>Keywords: Fult Detection Protection Micro-grid Low Voltage DC

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41

Uechi, Hideyuki, Shinji Kimijima, and Nobuhide Kasagi. "Cycle Analysis of Gas Turbine–Fuel Cell Cycle Hybrid Micro Generation System." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 126, no. 4 (October 1, 2004): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1787505.

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Hybrid systems, which are based on a micro gas turbine (μGT) and a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), are expected to achieve much higher efficiency than traditional μGT’s. In this paper, the effects of cycle design parameters on the performance and feasibility of a μGT-SOFC hybrid system of 30 kW power output are investigated. It is confirmed that the hybrid system is much superior to a recuperated gas turbine in terms of its power generation efficiency and aptitude for small distributed generation. General design strategy is found that less direct fuel input to a combustor as well as higher recuperator effectiveness leads to higher generation efficiency, while higher steam-carbon ratio moderates requirements for the material strength. The best possible conceptual design of a 30-kW μGT-SOFC hybrid system is shown to give power generation efficiency over 65% (lower heating value).

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42

ORDOUEE, B., and H. HASHEMINEZHAD. "MEASUREMENT AND ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS ION FROM WATER USING POROUS NANO-ADSORBENTS BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION METHOD." Periódico Tchê Química 16, no. 32 (August 20, 2019): 228–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.52571/ptq.v16.n32.2019.246_periodico32_pgs_228_238.pdf.

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Анотація:

This paper has investigated the optimal localization of photovoltaic systems as one of the distributed generations in micro-grids, with regard to active and reactive power. Micro-grids provide the power quality in accordance with customers' needs, positive effects of micro-grids on the electricity market and economic savings. On the other hand, their effects on reducing air pollution have caused many researchers and experts to notice the issue of micro-grids. So, considering the ability of active and reactive power generation for photovoltaic systems in 24 hours, they can be used more efficiently. The algorithms presented on 33 bus micro-grid are applied in MATLAB, and the results have been investigated. The results have shown that the generated reactive power would significantly reduce the active power of system losses. At 9 AM, considering the PV inverter capability for generating the active and reactive power, voltage profile of the system has improved more effectively. At 12 PM, there are existed the maximum radiation and active power generated, and the whole capacity of the inverter is used to generate the active power. The PV reactive power generated has led to the improvement of the voltage profile.

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43

Subramanian, Karthikeyan, and Ashok Kumar Loganathan. "Islanding Detection Using a Micro-Synchrophasor for Distribution Systems with Distributed Generation." Energies 13, no. 19 (October 5, 2020): 5180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13195180.

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Distributed Generation (DG) has changed the power generation system to small-scale instead of large-scale generation. The demanding issue with the interconnection of DG is the detection of unintended islanding in a network. Several methods proposed in the literature show drawbacks such as high non-detection zones (NDZ) and higher tripping time. In this paper, the IEEE 13 bus distribution network with DGs like wind and solar power plants is integrated at two buses. Islanding is detected by utilizing data from a micro-synchrophasor located at the distribution grid and the DG. The micro-synchrophasor-based unintended islanding detection algorithm is based on parameters such as voltage, rate of change of voltage, frequency, rate of change of frequency, voltage phase angle difference and the rate of change of the voltage phase angle difference between the utility and the islanded grid. The proposed islanding detection algorithm discriminates between islanding and non-islanding conditions and is highly efficient under zero power mismatch conditions. The proposed method has null NDZ and satisfies the IEEE 1547 standard for DG tripping time. The effectiveness of the proposed IDM was verified when there are multiple DGs in the islanded grid. Also, the proposed method does not require additional hardware as it can be incorporated in digital relays with synchrophasor functionality.

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44

Liu, Yu Jie, Wei Hua Li, Xiang Hua Luo, Cheng Su, Shi Xue Ding, Gui Zhong Wu, and Dong Ping Zhang. "Micro-Grid System Based on Compressed Air Energy Storage." Advanced Materials Research 945-949 (June 2014): 2841–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.2841.

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With the development of the power system, wind energy was applied to micro-grid system as a distributed generation. The output of the wind farms has the characteristic of intermittence and fluctuation, which would influent the stability of micro-grid system and can be solved effectively by compressed air energy storage system, a new energy storage technology. Because of the advantage of fast response, high economic performance and small environmental impacts, it has an extensive application prospect. This paper builds a micro-grid system with wind power generator, and control the output of micro-grid system by using compressed air energy storage system. The simulation result verifies that the compressed-air energy storage system can effectively suppress power fluctuation and improving the stability of the micro-grid system.

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45

Martins, Vanderlei Affonso, David Alves Castelo Branco, and Michelle Carvalho Metanias Hallack. "Economic Effects of Micro- and Mini-Distributed Photovoltaic Generation for the Brazilian Distribution System." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030737.

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The micro- and mini-distributed generation (MMDG) has significantly increased after the normative resolution No. 482/2012 in Brazil; the installed capacity surpassed 7 GW in 2021. In the international context, a similar event was observed, whose process generated a cross-subsidy for other consumers, in addition to other problems that affect the economic balance of concessionaires. To mitigate this issue, the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL) is in the process of revising current rules. Thus, this study estimates the weight of this decision, through a methodology adapted from international assessment models, based on information from the Brazilian regulatory system. In order to achieve it, this paper presents metrics to define the potential market MMDG, based on the consumption patterns of consumers. Then, through time series analysis, the MMDG demand curve is estimated under two scenarios up to 2030. Finally, the economic impact on tariff adjustments and revisions, and their effect on the electric power concessionaires are evaluated. In the distribution companies of the Enel Group alone, economic losses are estimated at USD 1.2 billion by 2030; 53% of this will be passed on to consumers’ tariffs. Thus, based on international experiences, it can be concluded that the best model is the adequate grid remuneration.

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46

Li, De Zhi, Gao Jie Xu, Kun Shi, He Wang, Hao Wang, and Rui Ming Tong. "Micro Network Monitoring Technology Research for Smart Grid." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 1190–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.1190.

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With the rapid development of economy and electrical load, the social power demand becomes intense. At the same time, the blackout of large areas at home and abroad in recent years has exposed the vulnerability of capacity of anti-external shock of the grid. While, distributed generation has many advantages such as environmentally friendliness, flexibility, decentralizing, high efficiency, good reliability, and it is considered to be a beneficial supplement for large-scale power grid in future. Micro-grid monitoring technology is able to effectively integrate the advantages of distributed generation and improve the capacity of self-healing and anti-external burst interference of the distribution network, in order to achieve grid-connected power generation by more green renewable energy, and minimize its adverse impact to the power grid. This paper firstly introduces the main features and problems of the distribution network monitoring. Then, the main function of the micro-grid monitoring system is described based on concepts and characteristics of micro-grid. At last, there is some suggestions for micro gird monitoring technology.

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47

Xu, Ming, and Wen Bin Xiang. "Distributed Renewable Energy Access to Micro-Grid System Random Multi-Objective Economic Dispatch." Applied Mechanics and Materials 651-653 (September 2014): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.651-653.1037.

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With the development of distributed generation technology rapidly, a large number of wind, solar and other renewable energy access to access system . Since renewable energy is intermittent and stochastic, which posed economic dispatch system a serious challenge. Consider the system operating costs and sewage expenses, the paper constructs multi-objective micro-grid system economic dispatch model composed by the wind turbine, diesel engine, battery and load. And through MATLAB / Simulink simulation, model is established to verify the correctness and effectiveness.

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48

Adhau, Sarala P., and Vijaya S. Rajguru. "Reliability Analysis of Micro Hydro Power Plants to Ensure Generation Availability." E3S Web of Conferences 559 (2024): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202455903004.

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Renewable energy is the energy that comes from sources such as sunlight, wind, hydro, biomass and biogas etc. There is a large potential for renewable energy in India. Decentralized Distributed Generation is the alternate option for rural electrification. India’s goals for the production of electricity from renewable energy depend heavily on hydropower. However, budgetary limitations, environmental concerns, and contractual disputes play spoilsport. The intermittent nature of renewable energy sources is taken into account while doing the dependability study of the Micro Hydro system. In reliability assessments of generation systems, it is normal to talk about the energy source for generation always being accessible. This suggests that the non-operation of a power plant generation unit is the only cause of the absence of electricity generation. That modeling is accurate in the case of hydroelectric generating if the reservoir has sufficient capacity to supply energy throughout an ongoing inflow regime. However, the energy availability cannot be regarded as 100% predictable in the majority of small hydro power plants (SHPP), where a reservoir is either non-existent or too small to ensure a full regularization system. This study demonstrates the system’s dependability analysis while taking into account all the ambiguities associated with renewable energy sources.

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49

Yan, Xiangyang, Ningkang Zheng, Yilong Kang, Huanruo Qi, Kai Li, Haowei Pei, and Kai Niu. "Hierarchical and Droop Method for DC Micro-grid Bus Voltage under Isolated operation." E3S Web of Conferences 185 (2020): 01062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202018501062.

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Nowadays, distributed generation technology is of great help to the efficient utilization of new energy. If the distributed power supply is connected to the DC micro-grid, it will be more secure and reliable. Therefore, it is necessary to control the voltage stability of the DC bus and ensure the balance of the source charge power of system to ensure the power supply quality and safety of the DC micro-grid. There are two operation modes of DC micro-grid: connected operation and isolated operation, and isolated operation control is the foundation and key of system-level control of DC micro-grid. To solve the problem of bus voltage fluctuation in isolated dc micro-grid, this study proposes a voltage hierarchical-droop control strategy for DC micro-grid, which can effectively improve the stability of the DC bus voltage. Last, this study builds the simulation model of DC micro-grid in the MATLAB/Simulink platform to verify the validity and feasibility of the proposed control strategy.

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50

Feng, Ying, Jian Zhu, Bojun Kong, and Shengbo Wang. "Optimal Dispatching of Distributed Generation Cluster Systems Considering Multiply Optimization Objectives." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2584, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2584/1/012125.

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Abstract In the trend of increasing energy shortages and environmental pollution, integrating clean micro sources as cluster systems has become the mainstream trend in the DG cluster system research field. In an effort to ensure the economy and environmental friendliness of Distributed Generation (DG) cluster systems, a multi-objective optimization scheduling model is established to minimize the operating and environmental costs of DG cluster systems. Based on a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, this paper conducts a study on the capacity optimal configuration of wind turbines, photovoltaic generators, and energy storage devices. The model proposed in this paper is applied to analyse a DG cluster system in a rural area dominated by agriculture. The results show that the proposed model has a significant effect in reducing the operating and environmental costs of the DG cluster system.

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