Готові списки джерел за темами / Microbial inhibition

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Mulchandani, A., and J. H. T. Luong. "Microbial inhibition kinetics revisited." Enzyme and Microbial Technology 11, no. 2 (February 1989): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0141-0229(89)90062-8.

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Zainol, Norazwina, Amirah Ya’acob, Putri Nurul Yasmin Mohd Ridza, Siti Hatijah Mortan, and Kamaliah Abdul Samad. "Evaluation of Factors Affecting Microbial Growth Inhibition and Optimization Using Pineapple Leaves Juice." Pertanika Journal of Science and Technology 30, no. 3 (May 25, 2022): 2097–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/pjst.30.3.19.

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This study optimized microbial growth inhibition conditions using pineapple leaf juice (PLJ). The sugarcane press machine was used to press the PLJ. The study considered four factors to be analyzed by Two-level factorial design (TLFD), which are microbial inhibition time (0.5–5 h), the concentration of total phenolic content (TPC) (0.2563–0.5127 mg GAE/ mL), temperature (26–37 °C), and the ratio of PLJ to microbe (PLJ/M) (v/v) (1:1 and 1:3). Colony-forming unit (CFU) method was employed to measure microbial growth inhibition. The microbial growth inhibition was expressed as a percent in terms of CFU/mL. A central composite design (CCD) experimental design created using response surface methodology (RSM) determined the optimum temperature (35–39 °C) and microbial inhibition time (10–50 min) of microbial growth inhibition. The best conditions were 0.5 h of microbial inhibition time, 0.5127 mg GAE/mL of TPC, 1:1 PLJ/M, and a temperature of 37 °C. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that temperature (Factor C) has the greatest contribution (1.56%) to inhibiting microbial growth, accompanied by TPC concentration in PLJ (Factor B) with 1.27%, microbial inhibition time (Factor A) with 1.07% and PLJ/M (Factor D) 0.29%. Optimization studies show that at an optimum temperature of 37 °C and an inhibition time of 34.25 min, maximum microbial growth inhibition of 94.73% with a minimum value of 9.12×104 CFU/mL was achieved. This research suggests that PLJ can be utilized as a value-added natural product for application in the agricultural sector.

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Kodeš, Zdeněk, Alena Čejková, and Irena Kolouchová. "Possibilities of Microbial Biofilm Inhibition." Chemické listy 116, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54779/chl20220335.

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Microbial biofilm is a major source of problems and microbial contamination across the industrial production, for example in pharmacy, agriculture or food industry, but also in healthcare. One of the possible solutions to this problem is the inhibition of its formation or eradication of the already formed biofilm. There are many ways to achieve this goal. This review article focuses on the use of chemical disinfectants, antibiotics or biologically active natural substances.

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Bibel, Debra Jan, Raza Aly, and Henry R. Shinefield. "Inhibition of microbial adherence by sphinganine." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 38, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 983–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m92-158.

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Sphingosines (precursors and degeneration products of complex sphingolipids) are mediators in membrane second-messenger cascades and in a wide variety of functions in eukaryotic cells. Sphingosines are also lethal for gram-positive microorganisms. In addition to its direct effect, sphinganine is here reported to affect the adherence of Streptococcus mitis to buccal epithelial cells and of Staphylococcus aureus to nasal mucosal cells after incubation for 90 min at 37 °C. When the bacteria were pretreated with 8.1, 16.2, 32.5, or (for Strep. mitis) 65 μM sphinganine for 60 min at 37 °C, adherence counts were reduced for Staph. aureus by 27, 37, and 60% and for Strep. mitis by 19, 44, 54, and 73%, respectively (p < 0.001). In contrast, pretreatment of buccal cells with 81.2 μM lipid increased adherence by 14% (p < 0.01), but no change occurred at either 16.2 or 325 μM lipid. These results further demonstrate the double-edged ability of sphingosines to regulate cellular activities and their potential as multifunctional therapeutic agents for infectious diseases. Key words: adherence, sphingosine, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mitis.

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Tan, Yunhu, Zhi-Xin Wang, and Kevin C. Marshall. "Modeling substrate inhibition of microbial growth." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 52, no. 5 (March 26, 2000): 602–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19961205)52:5<602::aid-bit7>3.0.co;2-n.

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Das, Subhashis, Rajnish Kaur Calay, Ranjana Chowdhury, Kaustav Nath, and Fasil Ejigu Eregno. "Product Inhibition of Biological Hydrogen Production in Batch Reactors." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 12, 2020): 1318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061318.

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In this paper, the inhibitory effects of added hydrogen in reactor headspace on fermentative hydrogen production from acidogenesis of glucose by a bacterium, Clostridium acetobutylicum, was investigated experimentally in a batch reactor. It was observed that hydrogen itself became an acute inhibitor of hydrogen production if it accumulated excessively in the reactor headspace. A mathematical model to simulate and predict biological hydrogen production process was developed. The Monod model, which is a simple growth model, was modified to take inhibition kinetics on microbial growth into account. The modified model was then used to investigate the effect of hydrogen concentration on microbial growth and production rate of hydrogen. The inhibition was moderate as hydrogen concentration increased from 10% to 30% (v/v). However, a strong inhibition in microbial growth and hydrogen production rate was observed as the addition of H2 increased from 30% to 40% (v/v). Practically, an extended lag in microbial growth and considerably low hydrogen production rate were detected when 50% (v/v) of the reactor headspace was filled with hydrogen. The maximum specific growth rate (µmax), substrate saturation constant (ks), a critical hydrogen concentration at which microbial growth ceased (H2*) and degree of inhibition were found to be 0.976 h−1, 0.63 ± 0.01 gL, 24.74 mM, and 0.4786, respectively.

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Tejirian, Ani, and Feng Xu. "Inhibition of Cellulase-Catalyzed Lignocellulosic Hydrolysis by Iron and Oxidative Metal Ions and Complexes." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 76, no. 23 (October 1, 2010): 7673–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01376-10.

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ABSTRACT Enzymatic lignocellulose hydrolysis plays a key role in microbially driven carbon cycling and energy conversion and holds promise for bio-based energy and chemical industries. Cellulases (key lignocellulose-active enzymes) are prone to interference from various noncellulosic substances (e.g., metal ions). During natural cellulolysis, these substances may arise from other microbial activities or abiotic events, and during industrial cellulolysis, they may be derived from biomass feedstocks or upstream treatments. Knowledge about cellulolysis-inhibiting reactions is of importance for the microbiology of natural biomass degradation and the development of biomass conversion technology. Different metal ions, including those native to microbial activity or employed for biomass pretreatments, are often tested for enzymatic cellulolysis. Only a few metal ions act as inhibitors of cellulases, which include ferrous and ferric ions as well as cupric ion. In this study, we showed inhibition by ferrous/ferric ions as part of a more general effect from oxidative (or redox-active) metal ions and their complexes. The correlation between inhibition and oxidation potential indicated the oxidative nature of the inhibition, and the dependence on air established the catalytic role that iron ions played in mediating the dioxygen inhibition of cellulolysis. Individual cellulases showed different susceptibilities to inhibition. It is likely that the inhibition exerted its effect more on cellulose than on cellulase. Strong iron ion chelators and polyethylene glycols could mitigate the inhibition. Potential microbiological and industrial implications of the observed effect of redox-active metal ions on enzymatic cellulolysis, as well as the prevention and mitigation of this effect in industrial biomass conversion, are discussed.

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LÃ¯Â¿Â½ttge, Andreas, and Pamela G. Conrad. "Direct Observation of Microbial Inhibition of Calcite Dissolution." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 3 (March 2004): 1627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.3.1627-1632.2004.

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ABSTRACT Vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) provides a method for quantification of surface topography at the angstrom to nanometer level. Time-dependent VSI measurements can be used to study the surface-normal retreat across crystal and other solid surfaces during dissolution or corrosion processes. Therefore, VSI can be used to directly and nondestructively measure mineral dissolution rates with high precision. We have used this method to compare the abiotic dissolution behavior of a representative calcite (CaCO3) cleavage face with that observed upon addition of an environmental microbe, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1, to the crystal surface. From our direct observations, we have concluded that the presence of the microbes results in a significant inhibition of the rate of calcite dissolution. This inhibition appears to be a 2nd-order effect that is related to the formation of etch pits. The opening of etch pits was greatly inhibited in the presence of added bacteria, suggesting that the bacterial cells exert their effect by inhibiting the formation of etch pits at high-energy sites at the crystal surface caused by lattice defects, e.g., screw or point dislocations. The experimental methodology thus provides a nondestructive, directly quantifiable, and easily visualized view of the interactions of microbes and minerals during weathering (or corrosion) processes or during mineral precipitation.

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Xu, Fengling, Zhenghui Qiu, Ri Qiu, Jiadong Yang, and Cunguo Lin. "Zwitterionic molecule layer for inhibiting microbial corrosion of copper alloy." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 65, no. 1 (January 2, 2018): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-12-2016-1744.

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Purpose For mitigating biocorrosion induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in seawater, the zwitterionic molecule layer (ZML) of poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) is grafted onto B10 surface by chemical vapor deposition and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. Design/methodology/approach Energy-dispersive spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and static contact angle measurements are used to characterize the as-formed layer. Findings After surface modification, B10 can significantly reduce SRB adhesion, demonstrating the good antifouling property. Further, the biocorrosion inhibition is investigated by potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, indicating that ZML exhibits high resistance to biocorrosion with inhibition efficiency of approximately 90 per cent. Originality/value ZML performs a dual feature, i.e. antifouling film and corrosion inhibitor, for the biocorrosion inhibition.

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Bhatt, Aadra P., Samuel J. Pellock, Kristen A. Biernat, William G. Walton, Bret D. Wallace, Benjamin C. Creekmore, Marine M. Letertre та ін. "Targeted inhibition of gut bacterial β-glucuronidase activity enhances anticancer drug efficacy". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, № 13 (13 березня 2020): 7374–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918095117.

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Irinotecan treats a range of solid tumors, but its effectiveness is severely limited by gastrointestinal (GI) tract toxicity caused by gut bacterial β-glucuronidase (GUS) enzymes. Targeted bacterial GUS inhibitors have been shown to partially alleviate irinotecan-induced GI tract damage and resultant diarrhea in mice. Here, we unravel the mechanistic basis for GI protection by gut microbial GUS inhibitors using in vivo models. We use in vitro, in fimo, and in vivo models to determine whether GUS inhibition alters the anticancer efficacy of irinotecan. We demonstrate that a single dose of irinotecan increases GI bacterial GUS activity in 1 d and reduces intestinal epithelial cell proliferation in 5 d, both blocked by a single dose of a GUS inhibitor. In a tumor xenograft model, GUS inhibition prevents intestinal toxicity and maintains the antitumor efficacy of irinotecan. Remarkably, GUS inhibitor also effectively blocks the striking irinotecan-induced bloom of Enterobacteriaceae in immune-deficient mice. In a genetically engineered mouse model of cancer, GUS inhibition alleviates gut damage, improves survival, and does not alter gut microbial composition; however, by allowing dose intensification, it dramatically improves irinotecan’s effectiveness, reducing tumors to a fraction of that achieved by irinotecan alone, while simultaneously promoting epithelial regeneration. These results indicate that targeted gut microbial enzyme inhibitors can improve cancer chemotherapeutic outcomes by protecting the gut epithelium from microbial dysbiosis and proliferative crypt damage.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Townson, Iwan Meredydd. "Microbial inhibition of methane clathrate hydrates." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/41022.

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Two microbial species were tested for inhibition of methane hydrates in a stirred crystallizer (subcooling of 2.34 K). The ice associating Chryseobacterium sp. Strain C14, grown in 0.5 wt% Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) delayed hydrate nucleation, on average, by 30.3 hours compared to 37.9 hours for the PVP solutions. Escherichia coli TG2 in 0.5 wt% TSB was used as a non ice associating bacteria control and surprisingly had the longest induction period of 118.1 hours, suggesting that it was 3 times more effective as a hydrate inhibitor than PVP. The 0.5 wt% aq. TSB solution without bacteria delayed hydrate nucleation an average of 6.7 hours, whilst bacteria without TSB also showed significant inhibition. However, for the bacteria and bacteria + TSB systems, nucleation times were far more sporadic and time dependant than the simple systems of pure water and PVP. PVP decreased hydrate growth rate but increased gas consumption by nearly 4 fold. TSB without bacteria promoted gas consumption by over 2 fold but exhibited a slightly higher growth rate than the pure water solution. Reasons for the differences in growth profiles may be a result of the observed morphological differences in the hydrate phase. Chryseobacterium in 0.5 wt% aq. TSB had a distinct time dependency in growth characteristics and promoted growth rate almost 3 fold. E. coli in 0.5 wt% TSB showed a unique S-curve growth profile where the initial growth rate was very low. The differences in growth profiles of the two bacteria suggest different inhibition mechanisms. Ice-associating proteins likely play a significant role in hydrate formation, especially for Chryseobacterium which has shown inhibition of ice recrystallization. However, the interaction of other non-ice associating macromolecules may play a primary role in the observed inhibition and that biofilm formation may act as a barrier between the gas-liquid and/or heterogeneous nucleating solid-liquid interfaces which may help explain the significant inhibition observed by E. coli. Considering that both species of bacteria yielded significant hydrate inhibition, albeit somewhat unpredictable, but since the procedure is simple, the potential of employing bacteria as ‘Microbial Hydrate Inhibitors’ looks promising. However, consistent inhibition will be a challenge to overcome so that these organisms could be used as other KHI solutions.

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Chuong, Amy (Amy S. ). "Noninvasive optical inhibition with a red-shifted microbial rhodopsin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98648.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Optogenetic inhibition of neurons enables the causal assessment of their contributions to brain functions, but a limit to the utility of optogenetic modulation is the quantity of neural tissue that can be successfully addressed from a given optical source. Previous optogenetic inhibitors are driven by blue, green, or yellow wavelengths, all of which suffer substantial light power attenuation as a result of tissue and hemoglobin optical absorption. In this thesis, I describe the discovery, engineering, and implementation of a new red-shifted cruxhalorhodopsin, Jaws, derived from Haloarcula salinarum (strain Shark), which mediates three-fold higher red light-induced photocurrents than other inhibitory opsins. I describe the design process involved in engineering Jaws, as well as its characterization in vitro, ex vivo, within the awake in vivo rodent brain, and in transgenic mice. Jaws exhibits robust inhibition of sensory-evoked neural activity in the cortex and results in strong light responses when used in retinas of retinitis pigmentosa model mice. Finally, I demonstrate that Jaws can mediate transcranial optical silencing of neurons deep in the brains of awake mice. The noninvasive optogenetic inhibition opened up by Jaws enables a variety of important neuroscience experiments, and offers a powerful general-use chloride pump for basic and applied neuroscience.
by Amy S. Chuong.
Ph. D.

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Bown, R. P. A. "Inhibition of TEM-2 #beta#-lactamase by clavulanate." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308705.

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Mosneaguta, Ruslan. "The effect of chemical preservatives on inhibition of potato browning, volatile organic compounds profile, and microbial inhibition." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339015151.

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Dyckman, Samantha Katherine. "Microbial Interactions: Prediction, Characterization, and Spatial Context." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109218.

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Thesis advisor: Babak Momeni
Microbial communities are complex networks comprised of multiple species that are facilitating and inhibiting one another (as well as themselves). Currently, we lack an understanding of what mechanisms drive coexistence within these communities. We aimed to remedy this by studying the dynamics of coexisting communities, focusing on the complexity of their interaction networks, the impact of spatial dynamics, and the interplay of facilitating and inhibiting interactions. These limitations in our understanding prevent the furtherment of designing intentional communities for bioremediation, maintenance of healthy microbiota, and other functional communities. To better understand these microbial dynamics, we chose to address the problem from two fronts: computational modeling and exploring dynamics of cocultures. Through our 1-D model, spatial structure fostering more coexistence – especially when facilitation is present. For the coexistence assays, we determined that contact-dependent growth inhibition is a density dependent mechanism, and the use of a Tn-Seq mutant library to predict species interactions is possible, but needs further optimization to reconcile density dependent effects of interactions
Thesis (MS) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology

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Filek, Klara. "Contact-dependent growth inhibition in Escherichia coli EC93." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-355533.

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Microorganisms live in complex communities and interact either through secreting soluble molecules or by delivering effectors in a contact dependent manner. Microbial interactions range from cooperative to competitive. Contact-dependent growth inhibition (CDI), discovered in Escherichia coli EC93, is becoming increasingly studied, as this mode of interaction seems to be widespread among proteobacteria. CDI is mediated by cdiBAI genes which encode for a two-partner secretion system; i.e. CdiB is an outer membrane protein that transports CdiA to the surface of the cell. CdiA can interact with a specific receptor on a target cell and deliver a toxin localized in its C-terminal domain to the target cell. CdiI is a small immunity protein that neutralizes the toxic effect of CdiA toxin. Recently, evidence from our research group has shown that E. coli EC93 harbours two cdi loci. The first cdi locus has been extensively studied but the role of second locus remained unknown. In this study we wanted to elucidate the activity and the role of second E. coli EC93 cdi locus in intra-strain bacterial interactions. Bacterial competitions of E. coli EC93 wild type versus E. coli EC93 targets that had deletions for one or both cdi loci showed that the second locus is indeed active in inhibiting the targets, albeit to a lesser extent than the first. The toxic activity of the second cdi-locus was neutralized specifically by the second immunity protein. The expression of both these systems is higher under carbon starvation conditions than in nutrient rich conditions. Unfortunately, we could not elucidate the mechanism of toxicity for the second cdi locus toxin. Taken together, our results show that E. coli EC93 actively uses both of its cdi loci during bacterial interactions and that these systems are more active during stressful conditions.

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Chinnam, Naga babu. "Inhibition of Escherichia coli ATP Synthase Using Bioflavonoids." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1298.

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ATP synthase is the fundamental means of the cellular energy production in all organisms. Malfunction of ATP synthase is associated with multiple disease conditions. This enzyme is not only implicated in disease conditions but also likely to contribute in new therapies for multiple diseases by being a molecular target for several inhibitors. Bioflavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites known to exhibit antioxidants, chemopreventive, and chemotherapeutic properties. Their actual mode of action is not clear; however, some bioflavonoid are known to block the action of enzymes and other substances that promote the growth of cancer cells by binding to the multiple molecular targets in the body including ATP synthase. The most common dietary polyphenol resveratrol was shown to induce apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways and has chemopreventive properties against prostate cancer. Here we report the general inhibitory effects of dietary bioflavonoids on ATP synthase enzyme and intact E. coli cells.

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Ruiz, Rueda Cristian. "Microbial lipases with interest in biotechnology and infectious diseases: isolation, characterization and inhibition by natural substances." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/2401.

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Lipases are carboxylic ester hydrolases which act on acylglycerols to liberate fatty acids and glycerol. These enzymes are currently attracting an enormous attention because they are among the most versatile and widely used enzymes in biotechnological applications and due to their unique properties. Moreover, these enzymes and their inhibitors have a high pharmacological interest because some microbial lipases can act as virulence factors in several infectious diseases. Therefore, the general objective of the present work was the isolation, cloning, characterization and inhibition by natural substances of microbial lipases with interest in biotechnology and infectious diseases.
The first chapter was focused on the isolation and characterization of new Bacillus lipases to evaluate their biotechnological potential. The lipolytic system of several very active strains with an unknown lipolytic system was analyzed, and then, the lipases LipA from Bacillus megaterium CECT 370 and LipA from Bacillus sp. BP-6 were isolated, cloned and characterized. Both enzymes are family I.4 carboxylesterases closely related to Bacillus subtilis LipB, and have a high biotechnological potential due to their high stability and due to their molecular and biochemical properties.
Chapter 2 consisted in the isolation of 724 microorganisms from soil samples collected from a subtropical forest of Puerto Iguazú (Argentina). Among them, 449 showed one or more of the biotechnologically-interesting enzymatic activities "true lipase", carboxylesterase, cellulase, xylanase and pectinase. CR-53 and CR-179, two very active isolates, were subsequently identified as two strains closely related to the species Rhodococcus erythropolis and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Further analysis revealed that strain CR-53 produces a cell-bound carboxylesterase of 60 kDa, one of the first lipases known in the genus Rhodococcus, whereas strain CR-179 possesses a lipolytic system related to that of other Bacillus.
Chapter 3 was focused in the development of a new, fast, simple and more sensitive colorimetric microassay with a low cost and suitable for high-throughput analysis of purified or non-purified lipolytic enzymes. The assay was subsequently used to evaluate the effect of several saturated fatty acids on five cell-bound or secreted (Paeni)Bacillus lipases. These lipids inhibited all the enzymes analyzed, although secreted lipases were activated by low concentrations of these compounds. Activation of microbial lipases by fatty acids is a phenomenon detected here for the first time, and could be related to the properties and biological function of these secreted enzymes.
Chapter 4 consisted in the analysis of the inhibitory effect of several natural substances (saponins, flavonoids and alkaloids) on the model lipase from Candida rugosa (CRL) to evaluate their potential as antilipase drugs. beta-aescin, digitonin, kaempferol and (±)-catechin were selected as the best candidates for the treatment or prevention of lipase-related diseases due to the strong inhibition they produced on CRL, as well as due to their other beneficial effects and their low toxicity.
The aim of chapter 5 was to isolate, clone, characterize and evaluate the inhibition of lipases from the pathogens Propionibacterium acnes and Helicobacter pylori. The analysis of GehA from Propionibacterium acnes P-37, a lipase considered as a major etiological agent in the pathogenesis of acne, revealed that this enzyme is very adapted to the skin conditions. EstV (HP0739), a family V carboxylesterase which was identified by analyzing Helicobacter pylori 26695 proteome, is the first lipase from this pathogen that has been cloned, purified and characterized. The evaluation of the effect of several natural substances on GehA and EstV revealed that beta-aescin, glycyrrhizic acid, (±)-catechin and kaempferol are promising candidates for the treatment of acne and/or ulcer due to their strong inhibitory activity on these lipases, as well as due to their other anctiacne or antiulcer effects and their low toxicity.

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Pietrzyk, Julian Darius. "Use of microbial consortia for conversion of biomass pyrolysis liquids into value-added products." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31562.

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Lignocellulosic biomasses are considered promising feedstocks for the next generation of biofuels and chemicals; however, the recalcitrance of lignocellulose remains a barrier to its utilisation over conventional sources. Pyrolysis is the heating of biomass to several hundred degrees Celsius in the absence of oxygen, which can thermally depolymerise lignocellulose. Products of pyrolysis are a solid biochar, liquid bio-oil and syngas. Biochar has roles in both carbon sequestration and soil amendment however bio-oil has no defined use, despite a high concentration of fermentable sugars. Bio-oil is a complex organic microemulsion with a host of biocatalyst inhibitors that makes its microbial degradation a challenge. In this work, the use of aerobic cultures using microbial communities isolated from natural environments saw limited potential; however, the use of anaerobic digestion (AD) successfully generated a higher volume of biogas from reactors with bio-oil than controls. Biogas yield test reactors were set up with anaerobic digestate from a wastewater treatment plant as the substrate for degradation and conversion of bio-oils. Next-generation 16S rRNA gene sequencing was utilised to characterise the communities in the reactors while the ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry technique of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) was used for characterisation of the chemical changes occurring during AD. Both sets of high-resolution data were additionally combined for multivariate analysis and modelling of the microbial genera that correlated best with the changes in digestate chemistry. This represents a novel analysis method for the microbial degradation of complex organic products. Bio-oil from common lignocellulosic feedstock was the most easily degradable by the AD communities, with significant inhibition observed when bio-oils from anaerobic digestate and macroalgae were used. Additionally it was found that the inclusion of biochars that were pre-incubated in anaerobic digestate prior to use in AD were capable of significantly reducing the lag time observed for biogas production in bio-oil-supplemented reactors. The addition of biochars that were not pre-incubated had no effect on biogas production. Specific inhibition of methanogenesis was also capable of causing the digestates to accumulate volatile fatty acids (VFAs) as a product of greater value than biogas. Scale-up experiments will be required to confirm the precise practicalities of the addition of bio-oil to AD as well as to establish the potential for isolation and purification of VFAs.

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Howard, Michael D. "Investigation of Haemophilus somnus Virulence Factors: Lipooligosaccharide Sialylation and Inhibition of Superoxide Anion Production." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26848.

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Virulent strains of the bovine opportunistic pathogen Haemophilus somnus (Histophilus somni) cause multi-systemic diseases in cattle. One of the reported virulence factors that H. somnus may use to persist in the host is resistance to intracellular killing. It is reported in this dissertation that H. somnus significantly (P <0.001) inhibited production of superoxide anion (O2-) by bovine mammary and alveolar macrophages as well as by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Inhibition of O2- production was time- and dose-dependent and did not occur after incubation with Escherichia coli, H. influenzae, or Brucella abortus. Non-viable H. somnus, purified lipooligosaccharide (LOS), or cell-free supernatant from mid-log phase cultures did not inhibit O2- production, indicating that O2- inhibition required contact with live H. somnus. Commensal isolates of H. somnus were less capable or incapable of inhibiting macrophage O2- production compared to isolates tested from disease sites. H. somnus shares conserved epitopes in its LOS with Neisseria gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, and H. influenzae, and can also undergo structural phase variation of these LOS epitopes. Sialylation of the terminal galactose of H. somnus LOS is another reported virulence mechanism. Current sequencing of the genomes of H. somnus strains 2336 (pathogenic) and 129Pt (commensal) has enabled in silico identification of three open reading frames (ORFs) involved in sialylation. The ORFs-1 (hsst-I) and -2 (hsst-II) had BLASTx homology to sialyltransferases, while ORF-3 (neuAhs) had BLASTx homology to CMP-sialic acid synthetases. These ORFs were amplified by PCR and cloned into the expression vector pCWOri+. Thin layer chromatography of the hsst-I gene product showed this sialyltransferase exhibited preference for sialylation of terminal N-acetyllactosamine (LacNAc, beta-Gal-[1,4]-beta-GlcNAc-R). However, Hsst-II preferentially sialylated lacto-N-biose (LNB, beta-Gal-[1,3]-beta-GlcNAc-R). In this study, phase variation of the terminal linkage in isolate 738 from a 3 linked galactose (LNB) to a 4 linked galactose (LacNac) was demonstrated. Such variation of a glycose linkage appears to be a novel mechanism of LOS phase variation. Furthermore, the ability of sialylated strain 738 LOS vs de-sialylated strain 738 LOS to induce Toll-like receptor 4 signaling was decreased by 28%, as determined by ELISA for Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-2. Therefore, sialylated LOS may aid H. somnus to avoid host innate immunity.
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Книги з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Weinstein, Elliott A. The substantivity of microbial inhibition by topical administration of Tetracycline HCL. [Toronto: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1989.

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Wolk, Donna M. Molecular methods for microsporidia detection: Use of an inhibitor control with real-time PCR. Denver, Colo: Awwa Research Foundation, 2007.

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Hugo, W. Inhibition and Destruction of the Microbial Cell. Elsevier Science & Technology Books, 2012.

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(Editor), Robert A. Bonomo, and Marcelo E. Tolmasky (Editor), eds. Enzyme-Mediated Resistance to Antibiotics: Mechanisms, Dissemination, and Prospects for Inhibition. ASM Press, 2007.

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Enzyme-mediated resistance to antibiotics: Mechanisms, dissemination, and prospects for inhibition. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2007.

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Bonomo, Robert A., and Marcelo E. Tolmasky. Enzyme-Mediated Resistance to Antibiotics: Mechanisms, Dissemination, and Prospects for Inhibition. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2014.

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Metabolic Inhibition of a Toluene-Enriched Microbial Population Due to Lead (Pb2 ); Verification of a Free Metal ION Toxicity Model. Storming Media, 1997.

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Wiersinga, W. Joost, and Tom van der Poll. The host response to infection in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0303.

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Infection continues to be a leading cause of intensive care unit death. The host response to infection can be seen as a pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-mediated dysregulation of the immune system following pathogen invasion in which a careful balance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses is vital. A measured and rapid response to microbial invasion is essential to health. The same immunological and coagulation systems that protect against localized infection can act to our disadvantage when these systems are activated systemically during generalized microbial infection. Toll-like receptors (TLR), the inflammasomes and other PRRs initiate the host response after recognition of pathogen-associated-molecular-patterns (PAMPs) or endogenous danger-associated-molecular-patterns (DAMPs). The systemic host response to infection will result in activation of coagulation, downregulation of physiological anticoagulant mechanisms, and inhibition of fibrinolysis. Further dissection of the role of host–pathogen interactions, the cytokine response, the coagulation cascade and their multidirectional interactions in sepsis should lead towards the development of new therapeutic approaches in the critically ill who are faced with infection.

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Viral Proteases And Antiviral Protease Inhibitor Therapy. Springer, 2009.

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C, Moellering Robert, ed. Therapeutic implications of treatment with beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations. Montreal: PharmaLibri Publishers, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Sand, Wolfgang. "Microbial Corrosion and its Inhibition." In Biotechnology, 265–316. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527620937.ch10.

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Hedman, Johannes, and Peter Rådström. "Overcoming Inhibition in Real-Time Diagnostic PCR." In PCR Detection of Microbial Pathogens, 17–48. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60327-353-4_2.

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González, Yael, Sergio de los Santos-Villalobos, and Ernestina Castro-Longoria. "Trichoderma Secondary Metabolites Involved in Microbial Inhibition." In Fungal Biology, 85–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91650-3_3.

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Torrens, Francisco, and Gloria Castellano. "Vitamin D, Analogues, Drugs, and their Relevance to Cancer Inhibition." In Natural Pharmaceuticals and Green Microbial Technology, 117–49. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003003229-6.

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Telegdi, J., J. Beczner, Zs Keresztes, F. H. Kármán, and E. Kálmán. "Inhibition of Microbiologically Induced Corrosion." In Microbial Degradation Processes in Radioactive Waste Repository and in Nuclear Fuel Storage Areas, 177–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5792-6_21.

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Beuth, J., B. Stoffel, and G. Pulverer. "Inhibition of Bacterial Adhesion and Infections by Lectin Blocking." In Toward Anti-Adhesion Therapy for Microbial Diseases, 51–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0415-9_6.

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Niedner, R. "Inhibition of Wound Healing by Topical Anti-microbial Agents." In Wound Healing and Skin Physiology, 435–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77882-7_41.

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Abbas, H. K., S. O. Duke, W. T. Shier, and M. V. Duke. "Inhibition of Ceramide Synthesis in Plants by Phytotoxins." In Advances in Microbial Toxin Research and Its Biotechnological Exploitation, 211–29. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4439-2_14.

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Accashian, John V., Barth F. Smets, Jon F. Ericson, and Gary F. Perry. "Respirometric protocol to evaluate acute microbial inhibition in activated sludge." In Global Environmental Biotechnology, 597–610. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1711-3_52.

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Kiss, S., and M. Simihăian. "Effect of Urease Inhibitors on Other Enzyme Activities, Microbial Counts and Biomass as well as on Respiration and Other Microbial Processes in Soils." In Improving Efficiency of Urea Fertilizers by Inhibition of Soil Urease Activity, 321–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1843-1_9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Erokhin, D. V., O. D. Mikityuk, L. A. Shcherbakova, and V. G. Dzhavakhiya. "Inhibition of the biosynthesis of polyketide mycotoxins by microbial metabolites." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.065.

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6-Demethylmevinoliin, a secondary metabolite of Penicillum citrinum, is able to efficiently inhibit the biosynthesis of two polypeptide mycotoxins, aflatoxin B1 and zearalenone, by 92 and 78% of the control, respectively.

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Nair, Divek, Alessandra Pham-Mondala, Andrew Lee, and Lorna Polovina. "Role of natural antioxidants for favoring dual functionality in meat and poultry products." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/nnbt2596.

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Natural food ingredients with multiple functionalities are preferred in the modern food industry as it is a way to establish the sustainability of food production with less impact on cost compared to using multiple individual ingredients. Rosemary extract is a natural antioxidant that enhances color stability, flavor profile and extends the shelf life of various food products. The present study investigates the role of rosemary extract with other natural ingredients for serving as a multifunctional component to effectively inhibit the growth of spoilage microorganisms, the development of rancidity, and discoloration in meat and poultry products. For instance, our study revealed that rosemary extract combined with acerola or green tea enhanced the color and flavor stability and increased the shelf life of meat and meat products. These combinations even outperformed synthetic counterparts such as BHA and BHT. Moreover, the formulations that possess antioxidant capabilities along with microbial spoilage inhibition in meat and poultry products are a need for the food industry from a food safety and sustainability perspective. In that scenario, our results demonstrated that rosemary extract, combined with buffered vinegar, delayed microbial spoilage growth in fresh and ground meat products in addition to provide oxidative stability and flavor stability. Additionally, rosemary extract and cultured dextrose or a combination of rosemary extract, cultured dextrose, and buffered vinegar inhibited microbial spoilage and suppressed oxidation of the cooked chicken by minimizing the formation of volatile aldehydes. Overall, the research provides insight into the combinations of rosemary extract with natural ingredients that can extend the shelf life of meat products by inhibiting microbial spoilage, enhancing flavor and color stabilities, and other antioxidant functionalities.

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Evdokimova, Svetlana, Boris Karetkin, Anna Kazanbaeva, Vera Nokhaeva, and Victor Panfilov. "A STUDY ON THE HONEY COMPOUNDS IN SYNBIOTIC COMPOSITION FOR MICROBIAL FOOD CONTAMINANTS GROWTH INHIBITION." In 20th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings SGEM 2020. STEF92 Technology, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2020/6.1/s25.021.

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Pathath, Abdul Rasheed, Khadeeja Abdul Jabbar, and Dr Khaled Mahmoud. "Chitosanbased nanocomposite for the inhibition of sulfate reducing bacteria: Towards “green” biocides for microbial influenced corrosion." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2018.eepp981.

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Chou, Fong-In, Chia-Chin Li, Tzung-Yuang Chen, and Hsiao-Wei Wen. "Microbial Occurrence in Bentonite-Based Buffer Materials of a Final Disposal Site for Low Level Radioactive Waste in Taiwan." In ASME 2010 13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2010-40284.

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This research addresses the potential of microbial implications in bentonite for use as a buffer and backfill material in final disposal site for low-level radioactive waste (LLRW) in Taiwan, where has a special island-type climate. Microbe activities naturally present in this site were analyzed, and buffer materials (BM) consisted of 100%, 70% or 50% bentonite were prepared for laboratory studies. A total of 39 microbial strains were isolated, and the predominant strains included four bacterial, one yeast and four fungal strains. Growth inhibition was not detected in any tested strain cultured in a radiation field with a dose rate of 0.2 Gy/h. Most of the isolated strains grew under a dose rate of 1.4 Gy/h. The D10 values of the tested strains ranged from 0.16 to 2.05 kGy. The mycelia of tested fungal strains could spread over 5 cm during six months of inoculation in BM. The spreading activity of the tested bacteria was less than that of the fungi. Moreover, biofilms were observed on the surfaces of the BM. Since a large and diverse population of microbes is present in Taiwan, microbes may contribute to the mobilization of radionuclides in the disposal site.

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Oboirien, Bilainu O., P. E. Molokwane, and Evans M. N. Chirwa. "Bioremediation of Organic Pollutants in a Radioactive Wastewater." In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7014.

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Bioremediation holds the promise as a cost effective treatment technology for a wide variety of hazardous pollutants. In this study, the biodegradation of organic compounds discharged together with radioactive wastes is investigated. Nuclear process wastewater was simulated by a mixture of phenol and strontium, which is a major radionuclide found in radioactive wastewater. Phenol was used in the study as a model compound due to its simplicity of molecular structure. Moreover, the biodegradation pathway of phenol is well known. Biodegradation studies were conducted using pure cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas putida. The rate of phenol degradation by both species was found to be higher in the test without strontium. This suggests some degree of inhibition in the degradation of phenol by strontium. There was no phenol degradation in the sterile controls. The results indicate the feasibility of the biodegradation of organic pollutants discharged in radioactive effluents by specialised microbial cultures.

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Al-Attiya, Wadha Ahmed Khalifa, Zahoor UI Hassan, Roda Al-Thani, and Samir Jaoua. "Prevalence of Toxigenic Fungi and Mycotoxins in Arabic Coffee: Protective Effect of Traditional Coffee Roasting, Brewing and Microbial Volatiles." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0067.

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Like other agricultural crops, fungal infection and synthesis of mycotoxins in coffee leads to significant economic losses. This study is aimed at investigating the prevalence of toxigenic fungi, their metabolites, and the effect of traditional roasting and brewing on ochratoxin A (OTA) and aflatoxins (AFs) contents of naturally contaminated coffee samples. In addition, in vivo biocontrol assays were performed to explore the antagonistic activities of Bacillus simplex 350-3 (BS350-3) on the growth and mycotoxins synthesis potential of Aspergillus ochraceus and A. flavus. The relative density of A. niger, A. flavus, Penicillium verrucosum and A. carbonarius on green coffee bean was 60.82%, 7.21%, 3.09% and 1.03%, respectively. OTA contents were lowest in green coffee beans (2.15 µg/kg), followed by roasted (2.76 µg/kg) and soluble coffee (8.95 µg/kg). Likewise, AFs levels were highest in soluble coffee (90.58 µg/kg) followed by roasted (33.61 µg/kg) and green coffee (9.07 µg/kg). Roasting naturally contaminated coffee beans by three traditional styles; low, medium and high, followed by brewing resulted in reduction of 58.74%, 60.88% and 64.70% in OTA and 40.18%, 47.86% and 62.38% AFs contents, respectively. BS350-3 volatiles resulted in significant inhibition in AFs and OTA synthesis by A. flavus and A. carbonarius on infected coffee beans, respectively. Gas chromatography mass spectrochemistry (GC-MS/MS) analysis of headspace BS350-3 volatiles showed quinoline, benzenemethanamine and 1-Octadecene as bioactive antifungal molecules. These findings suggest that marketed coffee samples are generally contaminated with OTA and AFs; with a significant number of roasted and soluble coffee contaminated at the levels above EU permissible limits for OTA. Further, along with coffee roasting and brewing; microbial volatiles possess a promising potential, which can be optimized to minimize the dietary exposure to mycotoxins.

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Nwaigwe, Kevin N., Nnamdi V. Ogueke, Chibuike Ononogbo, and Emmanuel E. Anyanwu. "Performance Study of Anaerobic Digestion of Organic Municipal Waste in Upflow Bioreactor With Central Substrate Dispenser." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-64064.

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A performance study of anaerobic digestion of organic municipal waste in upflow bioreactor with central substrate dispenser is presented. The experimental rig is based on an integrated system of bioreactors consisting of Upflow Bioreactor (UB), Upflow Bioreactor with Central Subtrate Dispenser (UBCSD), and Continous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) each having internal volume of 76 litres, 64.8 litres, and 76 litres respectively. The scheme is used for minimizing the mixing and fouling problems associated with some conventional bioreactors during digestion reaction. Organic municipal waste (OMW) was used to prepare the slurry for the reactors. Microbial reaction was enhanced during operation using a measured quantity (2kg) of substances from the rumen of a newly slaughtered cow. The experimentation from feeder tank to Bioreactors was carried out for a period of 10-days Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) at 37°C. Effects of some basic parameters affecting anaerobic digestion in terms of biogas production and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) reduction were carried out. They include substrate temperature, minimal average temperature, changes in temperature, substrate content and properties, available nutrient, retention time, organic loading rate, pH level, nitrogen inhibition and C/N ratio, substrate agitation, and inhibitory factors. Results showed that UBSCD generated the highest level of Biogas yield of up to 52915 ml, while UB and CSTR yielded 23550ml and 28980ml respectively. Similarly for COD removal, 24343 mg/l, 5775.4 mg/l, and 23155 mg/l were achieved for UBCSD, UB and CSTR respectively from an initial value of 120,320 mg/l. These results show that the use of UBCSD better enhances biofuel production from organic municipal waste.

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Johansson, Sanne, Kristin Balksten, and Paulien Brigitte Strandberg-de Bruijn. "Risk for Mould Growth on Hemp-Lime at Different Relative Humidity." In 4th International Conference on Bio-Based Building Materials. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/cta.1.588.

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Microbial growth often thrives in humid conditions, at high relative humidity. Moulds are complex organisms; many types of mould are able to survive strong variations in humidity and temperature, such as those on building façades. For some building materials a critical relative humidity is determined, which functions as a theoretical threshold; at this (or lower) relative humidity microbial growth will likely not occur. Hemp-lime is a building material that consists of hemp shiv (the woody core parts of the hemp stem) and building lime. It is a material that can be used for walls, and even though it has been used for more than 20 years, thusfar little is known about its critical moisture levels for microbial growth. The aim of this research was therefore to determine at what relative humidity microbial growth occurs on carbonated hemp-lime material, and to study if there is a protective influence of a carbonated lime binder on the hemp shiv. The objective was to study microbial growth on hemp shiv, hemp-lime and on hemp with a thin layer of lime at three relative humidity (75 %, 85 % and 95 %) and at two different temperatures (15°C and 23°C); conditions that could occur naturally in a hemp-lime façade exposed to high rain loads in a northern European climate. Hemp shiv seems to have a relatively low resistance to microbial growth, similar to that of wood. However, because the hemp is protected by lime it can withstand much higher relative humidity without microbial growth occurring on the material. The critical moisture level for hemp-lime seemed to occur between 75 and 85 % RH, while the material was completely without microbial growth at 75 % RH. The lime had a protective effect on the hemp and acted as a mould inhibitor, both over time and with varying temperature and humidity.

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Gieg, Lisa M., Mohita Sharma, Trevor Place, Jennifer Sargent, and Yin Shen. "When Metals and Microbes Meet: Preventing Microbial Corrosion in Crude Oil Transmission Pipelines." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9746.

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Abstract Corrosion of carbon steel infrastructure in the oil and gas industry can occur via a variety of chemical, physical, and/or microbiological mechanisms. Although microbial corrosion is known to lead to infrastructure failure in many upstream and downstream operations, predicting when and how microorganisms attack metal surfaces remains a challenge. In crude oil transmission pipelines, a kind of aggressive corrosion known as under deposit corrosion (UDC) can occur, wherein mixtures of solids (sands, clays, inorganic minerals), water, oily hydrocarbons, and microorganisms form discreet, (bio)corrosive sludges on the metal surface. To prevent UDC, operators will use physical cleaning methods (e.g., pigging) combined with chemical treatments such as biocides, corrosion inhibitors, and/or biodispersants. As such, it necessary to evaluate the efficacy of these treatments in preventing UDC by monitoring the sludge characteristics and the microorganisms that are potentially involved in the corrosion process. The efficacies of a biocide, corrosion inhibitor, and biodispersant being used to prevent microbial corrosion in a crude oil transmission pipeline were evaluated. A combination of various microbiological analyses and corrosivity tests were performed using sludge samples collected during pigging operations. The results indicated that the combined treatment using inhibitor, biocide 1 and biodispersant was the most effective in preventing metal damage, and both growth-based and Next-Generation Sequencing approaches provided value towards understanding the effects of the chemical treatments. The efficacy of a different biocide (#2) could be discriminated using these test methods. The results of this study demonstrate the importance of considering and monitoring for microbial corrosion of crucial metal infrastructure in the oil and gas industry, and the value of combining multiple lines of evidence to evaluate the performance of different chemical treatment scenarios.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Microbial inhibition"

Bahjat, Keith S. Synergy of SOCS-1 Inhibition and Microbial-Based Cancer Vaccines. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada598582.

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Bill W. Bogan, Wendy R. Sullivan, Kristine M. H. Cruz, Kristine L. Lowe, and John J. Kilbane II. EVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN MICROBIAL INHIBITOR TO CONTROL INTERNAL PIPELINE CORROSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/889647.

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J. Robert Paterek and Gemma Husmillo. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN MICROBIAL INHIBITOR TO CONTROL INTERNAL PIPELINE CORROSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810446.

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Bill W. Bogan, Brigid M. Lamb, and John J. Kilbane II. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN MICROBIAL INHIBITOR TO CONTROL INTERNAL PIPELINE CORROSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/834516.

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Bill W. Bogan, Brigid M. Lamb, Gemma Husmillo, Kristine Lowe, J. Robert Paterek, and John J. Kilbane II. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN MICROBIAL INHIBITOR TO CONTROL INTERNAL PIPELINE CORROSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/838821.

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Kristine L. Lowe, Bill W. Bogan, Wendy R. Sullivan, Kristine Mila H. Cruz, Brigid M. Lamb, and John J. Kilbane II. DEVELOPMENT OF AN ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN MICROBIAL INHIBITOR TO CONTROL INTERNAL PIPELINE CORROSION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/831081.

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Kingston, A. W., O. H. Ardakani, G. Scheffer, M. Nightingale, C. Hubert, and B. Meyer. The subsurface sulfur system following hydraulic stimulation of unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs: assessing anthropogenic influences on microbial sulfate reduction in the deep subsurface, Alberta. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/330712.

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Hydraulic fracturing is a reservoir stimulation technique that involves the injection of high-pressure fluids to enhance recovery from unconventional hydrocarbon reservoirs. Often this involves the injection of surface waters (along with additives such as biocides) into formational fluids significantly different isotopic and geochemical compositions facilitating geochemical fingerprinting of these fluid sources. In some instances, the produced fluids experience an increase in hydrogen sulfide (H2S) concentration over the course of production resulting in an increased risk to health and safety, the environment, and infrastructure due to the toxic and corrosive nature of H2S. However, questions remain as to the origin and processes leading to H2S formation following hydraulic fracturing. In this study, we analyzed a series of produced waters following hydraulic fracturing of a horizontal well completed in the Montney Formation, Western Canada to evaluate variations in geochemical and microbiological composition over time and characterize potential sulfur species involved in the production of H2S. Initially, sulfur isotope ratios (d34S, VCDT) of dissolved sulfate in produced water had a baseline value of 27per mil similar to the d34S value of 25per mil for solid anhydrite derived from core material. Subsequently, d34S values of sulfate in produced fluids sequentially increased to 35per mil coincident with the appearance of sulfides in produced waters with a d34SH2S value of 18per mil. Oxygen isotope values of dissolved sulfate exhibited a synchronous increase from 13.2per mil to 15.8per mil VSMOW suggesting sulfate reduction commenced in the subsurface following hydraulic fracturing. Formation temperatures are &lt;100°C precluding thermochemical sulfate reduction as a potential mechanism for H2S production. We suggest that microbial reduction of anhydrite-derived sulfate within the formation is likely responsible for the increase in H2S within produced waters despite the use of biocides within the hydraulic fracturing fluids. Initial assessments of microbial communities indicate a shift in community diversity over time and interactions between in situ communities and those introduced during the hydraulic fracturing process. This study indicates that biocides may not be fully effective in inhibiting microbial sulfate reduction and highlights the role anthropogenic influences such as hydraulic fracturing can have on the generation of H2S in the subsurface.

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Sharon, Amir, and Maor Bar-Peled. Identification of new glycan metabolic pathways in the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea and their role in fungus-plant interactions. United States Department of Agriculture, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597916.bard.

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The involvement of glycans in microbial adherence, recognition and signaling is often a critical determinant of pathogenesis. Although the major glycan components of fungal cell walls have been identified there is limited information available on its ‘minor sugar components’ and how these change during different stages of fungal development. Our aim was to define the role of Rhacontaining-glycans in the gray mold disease caused by the necrotrophic fungus B. cinerea. The research was built on the discovery of two genes, Bcdhand bcer, that are involved in formation of UDP-KDG and UDP-Rha, two UDP- sugars that may serve as donors for the synthesis of cell surface glycans. Objectives of the proposed research included: 1) To determine the function of B. cinereaBcDh and BcEr in glycan biosynthesis and in pathogenesis, 2) To determine the expression pattern of BcDH and BcERand cellular localization of their encoded proteins, 3) Characterize the structure and distribution of Rha- containing glycans, 4) Characterization of the UDP-sugar enzymes and potential of GTs involved in glycanrhamnosylation. To address these objectives we generated a series of B. cinereamutants with modifications in the bchdhand bcergenes and the phenotype and sugar metabolism in the resulting strains were characterized. Analysis of sugar metabolites showed that changes in the genes caused changes in primary and secondary sugars, including abolishment of rhamnose, however abolishment of rhamnose synthesis did not cause changes in the fungal phenotype. In contrast, we found that deletion of the second gene, bcer, leads to accumulation of the intermediate sugar – UDP- KDG, and that such mutants suffer from a range of defects including reduced virulence. Further analyses confirmed that UDP-KDG is toxic to the fungus. Studies on mode of action suggested that UDP-KDG might affect integrity of the fungal cell wall, possibly by inhibiting UDP-sugars metabolic enzymes. Our results confirm that bcdhand bcerrepresent a single pathway of rhamnose synthesis in B. cinerea, that rhamnose does not affect in vitro development or virulence of the fungus. We also concluded that UDP-KDG is toxic to B. cinereaand hence UDP-KDG or compounds that inhibit Er enzymes and lead to accumulation of UDP-KDG might have antifungal activity. This toxicity is likely the case with other fungi, this became apparent in a collaborative work with Prof. Bart Thomma of Wageningen University, NETHERLANDS . We have shown the deletion of ER mutant in Verticillium dahlia gave plants resistance to the fungal infection.

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