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1
Zhan, Jing Vivian, Haiyan Duan, and Ming Zeng. "Resource Dependence and Human Capital Investment in China." China Quarterly 221 (February 11, 2015): 49–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741014001556.
Анотація:
AbstractCountries endowed with rich natural resources such as fuels and minerals often fall behind in human development. Does resource endowment hamper human capital development in China, a country that hosts rich resources in many of its regions? Through cross-regional and longitudinal statistical analysis and field research in selected mining areas, this study finds that resource dependence reduces government expenditure on human capital-enhancing public goods including education and health care. The local economic structure and reduced demand for labour, the shifting of government responsibilities onto mining enterprises, and the myopia of local residents and officials all discourage the local governments in resource-rich regions from investing in human capital.
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Hogarth, R. A. "AVOIDING CAPITAL COST BLOWOUTS ON OIL AND GAS PROJECTS." APPEA Journal 43, no. 1 (2003): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj02038.
Анотація:
Modern corporate practices have been slow to come to grips with the risks of large capital expenditure projects, particularly the processes of due diligence on investment submissions and high level monitoring of project implementation.Unlike the mining sector where major project cost blowouts have received intense public scrutiny, collection of data on this issue is difficult in the oil and gas sector and there remains a reluctance of companies to share horror stories. The increasing trend towards company acquisitions rather than exploration, the rates of return on capital investments reported by oil and gas companies and the data available on this issue within the mining industry point towards a potential problem for the oil and gas industry and one that, with appropriate corporate practice could be more readily identified.This paper puts forward the case for more effective corporate practices in relation to large capital projects in optimising return on capital and discusses the role of project owner senior management and the key factors impacting on capital expenditure blowouts.Effective project due diligence, monitoring of project implementation and integration management are put forward as the three key focuses for Boards and management in ensuring that cost blowouts are avoided.
3
Wurarah, Rully Novie, and Siti Aisah Bauw. "Analisis Kinerja Ekonomi Dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Provinsi Papua Barat." JFRES: Journal of Fiscal and Regional Economy Studies 1, no. 1 (September 28, 2018): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.36883/jfres.v1i1.11.
Анотація:
The welfare of the people of West Papua who are depicted by macroeconomic conditions are still very far from the desired expectations. West Papua's HDI since the establishment of the Province has always been ranked at the bottom 2-3 of 32-34 provinces. The number of poor people although decreasing every year is still above the national average. On the other hand the development funds that have been used to build the economy in West Papua are quite large. From this description it needs to be questioned whether financial management has changed the economic performance of West Papua Province? The conclusion are 1) West Papua is more dominated by the oil and gas sector, mining which during this period experienced a decline in output, 2) the number of exports in the oil and gas sector and mining sector affecting employment in all sectors 3) Increased allocation of capital expenditure over the past 5 years is inconsistent and less giving encouragement to the creation of output in productive sectors, 4) Allocation of expenditure to the agricultural strategic sector is only 3 to 4.6 percent of expenditure allocation which results in stagnant middle and lower income, 5) Effectiveness of expenditure allocation less synchronous because spending allocations are dominated by government administration spending.
4
Su, Rongjia, Chunping Liu, and Weili Teng. "THE HETEROGENEOUS EFFECTS OF CSR DIMENSIONS ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE – A NEW APPROACH FOR CSR MEASUREMENT." Journal of Business Economics and Management 21, no. 4 (May 15, 2020): 987–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.12394.
Анотація:
This paper investigates the differential effects of corporate social responsibility (CSR) dimensions on corporate financial performance (CFP) across sectors in China. This research uses a unique data set provided by China Stock Market and Accounting Research (CSMAR), showing expenditure on CSR programs from 568 Chinese publicly traded firm-year observations from 2008 to 2017. Compared to previous studies using scores produced by extra-financial rating agencies, this research quantifies CSR efforts by corporate expenditure on CSR practices, which offers quantitative and precise information in explaining the CSR-CFP link. The results show that the dimension of the environment has negative effects on financial performance in capital-intensive manufacturing industries. The impact of HR expenditure on CFP is negative in the tertiary sector and resourceintensive manufacturing industries. However, CSR investments in the community are positively related to financial performance in resource-intensive industries and other secondary sector (mining, construction, and utilities). Firms, in general, could gain benefits when spending more on business and financial stakeholders.
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Lidayat, Oki. "ANALYSIS OF CAPITAL EXPENDITURE EFFECT FOR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF MINERAL MINING COMPANY LISTED IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE." Economica 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22202/economica.2020.v9.i1.4034.
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Sharma, Rahul. "Deep-Sea Mining: Economic, Technical, Technological, and Environmental Considerations for Sustainable Development." Marine Technology Society Journal 45, no. 5 (September 1, 2011): 28–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.45.5.2.
Анотація:
AbstractMining of minerals such as polymetallic nodules from the deep-sea floor has been “on-hold” as a result of several factors such as current availability of Cu, Ni, Co and Mn from terrestrial sources and their fluctuating prices. Nonetheless, exploration for new resources from deep-sea areas and development of technologies for deep-sea mining have been progressing consistently. These, coupled with recent projections of deep-sea minerals as the alternative source for metals and granting of licenses for exploration and mining of seafloor massive sulfides to private entrepreneurs, indicate the continuing interest and support the perception that such deposits may serve as sources of metals in the 21st century. However, there are several considerations for the sustainable development of deep-sea mining.A typical area of 75,000 km2 with an estimated nodule resource of >200 million tonnes is expected to yield about 54 million tonnes of metals (Mn + Ni + Cu + Co), and the gross in-place value of the metals is estimated to be ∼$21‐42 billion (depending upon the annual rate of mining) in the 20-year life span of a mine site. The decision on the timing to resume mining of these deposits will be based on the prevalent metal prices and rate of returns on the estimated investment of $1.95 billion as capital expenditure and $9 billion as operating expenditure for a single deep-sea mining venture.In view of high investment, technological challenges and economic considerations, private-public cooperation could be an effective means to make deep-sea mining a success. This paper analyzes the current status and discusses the economic, technical, technological, and environmental issues that need to be addressed for sustainable development of deep-sea minerals.
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Mathu, Kenneth M., and Caren Scheepers. "Leading change towards sustainable green coal mining." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-01-2016-0007.
Анотація:
Subject area The dilemma falls within the Change Management, Leadership, Organizational Development subject areas. In addition, the case highlights typical issues in “green” or sustainable supply chain, corporate social responsibility and sustainability courses. Study level/applicability The target audience is includes post-graduate diploma-level or master’s level students, such as in Masters in Business Administration. Case overview The case focuses on the dilemma that Phiwokuhle Mhlangu in Mpumalanga, South Africa, faced when his company’s board had not signed off on capital expenditure to improve his colliery’s clean coal technology initiatives. He had to influence his colleagues’ mindsets to adapt to changes in the environment. The case highlights the global coal landscape and South African mining industry’s challenges in terms of infrastructure and strained labour relations, as well as the focus of the South African Government to enhance alternative energy resources. Although a clear business case for investment in clean coal technologies was evident, Mhlangu could still not persuade his colleagues to support these initiatives. A different approach was required […] Expected learning outcomes The learning objectives in this case are: gaining insight into the dilemmas of sustainability in coal mining by exploring various interest groups in difficult sustainability situations and enhancing understanding of getting a buy-in from various stakeholders when leading change in the coal-mining sector. Supplementary materials A teaching plan and particular teaching methodologies is included. The two learning outcomes are posed as questions for groups to discuss and model answers are provided and to relevant literature. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science
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Yang, Yonghong, Lan Huang, Jiecong Wang, and Yuanbo Xia. "Research on Reference Indicators for Sustainable Pavement Maintenance Cost Control through Data Mining." Sustainability 11, no. 3 (February 8, 2019): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11030877.
Анотація:
Maintenance management has become increasingly important in the development of highways and government investment, but the shortage of funds is still a serious problem. When the administrative department reviews expense, the existing evaluation methodology cannot be applied to the current national condition and its calculation process is too complicated. Therefore, in order to improve this situation, this paper analyses various factors affecting maintenance costs, and obtains the quantitative relationship between the six main influencing factors such as traffic volume, using time, location, the number of lanes, overlays, and major rehabilitation. Based on regression analysis, an accuracy-based and cost-oriented control methodology is proposed, which can be dynamically updated according to the market conditions. This method is built on the data of 18 typical highways in Guangdong Province, China. The control reference indicators consist of a set of models and confidence intervals, and the actual cost needs to meet the corresponding requirements. In addition, the expenditure characteristics of rehabilitation and reconstruction in China are summarized. Experiments showed that this methodology can be used to guide cost planning and capital allocation in sustainable maintenance and achieved good results in application, making it worthwhile to promote them in other areas.
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Mireku-Gyimah, D., and R. Gyebuni. "Can Capital Injection Make Challenged Gold Projects in Ghana Economically Viable? – A Case Study." Ghana Mining Journal 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gm.v19i1.5.
Анотація:
Damang Gold Mine (DGM) in Ghana uses open pit mining technology to mine its gold deposit. It has an estimated mineable gold reserve of about 32 Mt exploitable for 8 years. As the gold price kept falling from 2013 and operating cost kept rising, the mine down sized its operations. But the operations became challenging due to poor performance of ageing mining equipment and processing plant, and the need for a new tailings dam. As the gold price stabilises, it could be gainful to invest capital to resolve the challenges and increase production. This study aims at investigating whether DGM would be economically viable if the intended investment is made assuming the gold price falls to US$ 32.15/g. The study estimates the required capital and annual operating cost to be US$89.49 M and US$100.84 M respectively. A cash flow analysis is carried out assuming no price escalation, discount rate of 20%, and applying the following investment laws of Ghana: royalty of 5% of gross revenue; straight line depreciation of capital expenditure over five years (20% per year); investment allowance of 5% in the first year only; loss carry forward; and corporate tax of 35%. The results give Net Present Value of US$82 723 720.28 and Internal Rate of Return of 41.13%, indicating profitability. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the project will continue to be profitable until the revenue falls below 24%, assuming all other economic parameters remain constant. The project will also continue to be profitable until the operating cost increases beyond 30%, assuming all other economic parameters remain constant. Risk analysis on the project indicates the project has 70% chances of success. DGM could invest the capital to mine its gold reserves because the mine will make profit provided cost is controlled and production level maintained to generate needed revenue. Keywords: Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Sensitivity Analysis, Risk Analysis
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Zieleniewski, M., and A. C. Brent. "Evaluating the costs and achievable benefits of extending technologies for uneconomical coal resources in South Africa: the case of underground coal gasification." Journal of Energy in Southern Africa 19, no. 4 (November 1, 2008): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2413-3051/2008/v19i4a3335.
Анотація:
As the South African economy relies heavily on its coal resources, these resources should be utilised and managed in the best possible manner. Underground coal gasification (UCG) is one of the leading technologies used where conventional min-ing techniques are uneconomical. UCG delivers gas suitable for synthesis, production of fuels and elec-tricity, or for home usage. The method is perceived as being environmentally friendly and safer than traditional mining. The study summarised in this paper was conducted so as to create a simple model that would allow for the evaluation of UCG process-related costs versus expected benefits in a wider context and under different circumstances. The parameters of the model are: feasibility definition, i.e. maximum possible gas calorific value, based on geological surveys and gasification agents for a pre-defined need; direct process-related costs that are derived from the expected capital and operational expenditures and compared to the value and vol-ume of the gas produced; and assessment of exter-nality costs, i.e. the indirect economic value of envi-ronmental, safety and health benefits. The external-ities concept should encourage governmental agen-cies to consider further investment in UCG technol-ogy as a vehicle for delivering, potentially, high sav-ings in terms of the reduction in the costs of envi-ronmental damage resulting from gaseous emis-sions into the atmosphere, specifically expenditure on national health.
11
Moyo, Vusani, Hendrik Wolmarans, and Leon Brummer. "Trade-Off Or Pecking Order: Evidence From South African Manufacturing, Mining, And Retail Firms." International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 12, no. 8 (July 29, 2013): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v12i8.7989.
Анотація:
This study tests the trade-off and pecking order hypotheses of corporate financing decisions and estimates the speed of adjustment toward target leverage using a cross-section of 42 manufacturing, 24 mining and 21 retail firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE) for the period 2000-2010. It uses the generalised least squares (GLS) random effects, maximum likelihood (ML) random effects, fixed effects, time series regression, Arellano and Bond (1991), Blundell and Bond (1998) and random effects Tobit estimators to fit the two versions of the partial adjustment models. The study finds that leverage is positively correlated to profitability and this supports the trade-off theory. The trade-off theory is further supported by the negative correlation on non-debt tax shields. Consistent with the pecking order theory, capital expenditure and growth rate are positively correlated to leverage while asset tangibility is inversely related to leverage. The negative correlation on financial distress and the positive correlation on dividends paid support both the pecking order and trade-off theories. These results are consistent with the view that the pecking order and trade-off theories are non-mutual exclusive in explaining the financing decisions of firms. The results also show that South African manufacturing, mining and retail firms do have target leverage ratios and the true speed of adjustment towards target leverage is 57.64% for book-to-debt ratio and 42.44% for market-to-debt ratio.
12
Selelo, Seloinyana Elizabeth. "Determinants of Fixed Foreign Direct Investment in Botswana." Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, no. 7 (July 15, 2012): 414–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i7.342.
Анотація:
In this article, we explain the determinants of foreign direct investment in Botswana for the period 1980–2007. The government of Botswana has over the years provided investment incentives to attract foreign direct investment (FDI) into the country but, despite these efforts, FDI has continued to be relatively low and skewed towards mining, especially diamond mining. Recent literature on investment is silent on the impact of economic growth rates on FDI inflows in developing countries such as this one. We examined economic variables that determined FDI in Botswana, and our study used the accelerator theory of investment to uncover the effects of FDI on the nation’s economy. The dependent variable, FDI is expressed as a function of GDP growth rates, human capital, terms of trade, domestic investment, and government expenditure. We used time series annual data from Botswana Central Statistics Office (CSO) and employed both the co-integration and vector error correction model to find the short-term and long-term effects of FDI. The econometric results showed that economic growth rates better explains FDI flows in Botswana. The significance of economic growth is consistent with the acceleration theory of investment. This finding confirms that the accelerator theory is useful as a policy tool for planning investment outlay in developing countries. The findings are also useful for policy-makers in shading light on investment determinants that could be employed to achieve more FDI in Botswana.
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Pujianty, Diana, and Puji Wibowo. "GELIAT PROVINSI KALIMANTAN TIMUR PASCA PEMEKARAN DAERAH." JURNAL RISET PEMBANGUNAN 1, no. 2 (July 8, 2019): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36087/jrp.v1i2.33.
Анотація:
ABSTRAK Kalimantan Timur terkenal sebagai daerah yang kaya akan sumber daya alam, khususnya yang terkait dengan kehutanan, pertambangan, perikanan dan minyak dan gas. Sejak 2012, provinsi ini telah dibagi menjadi dua wilayah, Kalimantan Timur dengan 10 kabupaten / kota dan provinsi baru, Kalimantan Utara telah mengelola 5 kabupaten/kota. Kinerja Anggaran Daerah (APBD) telah dipengaruhi oleh kebijakan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan analisis perbandingan mengingat kinerja anggaran daerah dan daerah sebelum dan sesudah ekspansi Kalimantan Timur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ditinjau dari perspektif APBD provinsi, terdapat perbedaan statistik antara periode sebelum dan sesudah pemekaran provinsi. Perbedaan tersebut terutama ditemukan dalam dengan rasio desentralisasi, rasio interdependensi, rasio belanja modal, dan rasio pengeluaran tak terduga. Keempat jenis rasio tersebut menunjukkan performa yang semakin baik pada masa sesudah pemekaran daerah. Studi ini juga menunjukkan hasil bahwa ditinjau dari perspektif APBD kabupaten/kota yang berada dalam wilayah administrasi Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, tidak terdapat perbedaan kinerja APBD yang signifikan secara statistik antara periode sebelum dan sesudah pemekaran. Kata kunci: kinerja APBD, pemekaran daerah, rasio keuangan. ABSTRACT East Kalimantan is well-known as a natural resources-rich region, particularly associated with forestry, mining, fishery and oil and gas. Since 2012, this province has been splited into two regions, East Kalimantan with 10 regencies/municipalities and the new province, North Kalimantan has administered 5 cities. Regional Budget (APBD) performances have been affected by this policy. This research aims to provide comparison analysis in the light of regional and local budget performance before and after East Kalimantan expansion. It is confirmed that from budget province perspective, there were statistically differences between pre-expansion and post-expansion periods. Those differences were associated with decentralization ratio, interdependency ratio, capital expenditure ratio, and unexpected expenditure ratio in East Kalimantan budget. Meanwhile, it has been discovered that there were no statistically differences between pre-expansion era and post-expansion era in terms of budget performances in East Kalimantan’s regencies/municipalities.Keywords: APBD Performance, regional expansion, financial ratio.
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Pereira, Lucas, Sandra Birtel, Robert Möckel, Bruno Michaux, Andre C. Silva, and Jens Gutzmer. "Constraining the Economic Potential of By-Product Recovery by Using a Geometallurgical Approach: The Example of Rare Earth Element Recovery at Catalão I, Brazil." Economic Geology 114, no. 8 (December 1, 2019): 1555–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4637.
Анотація:
Abstract Geometallurgy aims to develop and deploy predictive spatial models based on tangible and quantitative resource characteristics that are used to optimize the efficiency of minerals beneficiation and extractive metallurgy operations. While most current applications of geometallurgy are focused on the major commodity to be recovered from a mineral deposit, this contribution delineates the opportunity to use a geometallurgical approach to provide an early assessment of the economic potential of by-product recovery from an ongoing mining operation. As a case study for this methodology, possible rare earth element (REE) recovery as a by-product of Nb production at the Chapadão mine in the Catalão I carbonatite complex is used. Catalão I is part of the Alto Paranaíba igneous province in the Goias Province of Brazil. Currently, niobium is produced in the complex as a by-product of the Chapadão phosphates mine. This production is performed in the Tailings plant, the focus of this study. REEs, albeit present in significant concentrations, are currently not recovered as by-products. Nine samples from different stages of the Nb beneficiation process in the Tailings plant were taken and characterized by mineral liberation analyzer, X-ray powder diffraction, and bulk-rock chemistry. The recovery of REEs in each of the tailing streams was quantified by mass balance. The quantitative mineralogical and microstructural data are used to identify the most suitable approach to recover REEs as a by-product—without placing limitations on niobium production. Monazite, the most common rare earth mineral identified in the feed, occurs as Ce-rich and La-rich varieties that can be easily distinguished by scanning electron microscopy (SEM)-based image analysis. Quartz, Fe-Ti oxides, and several phosphate minerals are the main gangue minerals. The highest rare earth oxide content concentrations (1.75 wt % total rare earth oxides) and the greatest potential for REE processing are reported for the final flotation tailings stream. To place tentative economic constraints on REE recovery from the tailings material, an analogy to the Browns Range deposit in Australia is drawn. Its technical flow sheet was used to estimate the cost for a hypothetical REE production at Chapadão. Parameters derived from SEM-based image analysis were used to model possible monazite recovery and concentrate grades. This exercise illustrates that a marketable REE concentrate could be obtained at Chapadão if the process recovers at least 53% of the particles with no less than 60% of monazite on their surface. Applying capital expenditure and operational expenditure values similar to those of Browns Range suggests that such an operation would be profitable at current REE prices.
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Starikova, Ludmila, and Irina Trapeznikova. "Sufficiency of Investments in Environmental Policy of Mining Region." E3S Web of Conferences 41 (2018): 02019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184102019.
Анотація:
Since 2005, expenditures on research, development and technological work (R & D) have been allocated in the structure of investments in non-financial assets. The absence of methodological developments on a comprehensive analysis of indicators of environmental and economic efficiency does not allow us to clearly determine the real costs of creating a system of rational nature use and environmental protection. In order to, at least approximately estimate the necessary level of investment in the restoration of the environment, it is necessary to conduct a study of the relationship between investment and environmental activities through the interrelationship between the concepts of "investment" and "capital investments".
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Sugianto, Castaka Agus, and Tri Pratiwi Olivia Riska Bokings. "K-Means Algorithm For Clustering Poverty Data in Bangka Belitung Island Province." Journal of Computer Networks, Architecture, and High-Performance Computing 3, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47709/cnahpc.v3i1.934.
Анотація:
The Central Bureau of Statistics is a non-ministerial government institution that reports directly to the President. Based on data from The Central Bureau of Statistics in September 2019, the wealth rate in Indonesia was 9.22% and the number of indigent people in Indonesia reached 24.79 million. The poverty rate in the Bangka Belitung Islands Province was low compared to the national level. This is evidenced by 4.62% of people in Bangka Belitung Island Province were indigent people, which is lower than the national average of 9.22%. The data mining techniques using the K-Means Clustering method are used for this study. The research data was taken from the website of the BPS from 2014-2019 which consisted of 7 districts and/or cities with 3 variables. The variables used are the number of indigent people (in thousands), the average length of school education (years), and adjusted per capita expenditure (thousand rupiahs/year). All data is processed by Rapidminer and 3 clusters are carried out, namely: medium cluster level 0, high cluster level 1, and low cluster level 2. Cluster 0 contains districts/cities whose people have the longest average school time, high per capita expenditure, and a large number of indigent people. Cluster 1 contains districts/cities whose people have a short average school time, low per capita expenditure, a moderate number of indigent people. Cluster 2 contains districts/cities whose people have an average school time, moderate per capita expenditure, a small number of indigent people. Based on the result, the government can prioritize Kabupaten Bangka, Kabupaten Bangka Barat, Kabupaten Bangka Selatan in assisting, especially in the cost of education scholarships and social funds as well as other infrastructure improvements for the welfare of the inhabitants of Bangka Belitung Islands Province.
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Figueroa, Eugenio, Enrique Calfucura, and Javier Nuñez. "Green national accounting: the case of Chile's mining sector." Environment and Development Economics 7, no. 2 (April 25, 2002): 215–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x02000153.
Анотація:
This article uses the welfare foundations for the usual net domestic product (NDP) income measure of the traditional National Accounts System (NAS) provided by Weitzman (1976, 2000), and the propositions of Hartwick (1993) and Hamilton (1994a) to correct this measure in order to obtain a green (sustainable) measure of economic income. It estimates green measures of the economic income of Chile's mining sector for the period 1977–1996. Different methodologies regarding the valuation of mining resources are employed, and exploration expenditures in the mining sector are included to empirically estimate the green measures of income. The results clearly show that the usual income measures of the traditional NAS overestimated the economic income generated by the Chilean mining sector during the period by 20–40 per cent, and its rate of growth by 3–20 per cent. Moreover, this overestimation has increased in recent years. These empirical results are remarkably similar when different methodologies are used to calculate green measures of the mining sector's economic income. The empirical evidence produced in this work, together with the one provided by other studies, leads to the conclusion that Chile's outstanding recent economic growth has not delivered the amount of economic income recorded by its NAS, since a significant part of it corresponded to depreciation of the country's natural capital.
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Martín Cervantes, Pedro Antonio, Nuria Rueda López, and Salvador Cruz Rambaud. "Life Expectancy at Birth in Europe: An Econometric Approach Based on Random Forests Methodology." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010413.
Анотація:
The objective of this work is to identify and classify the relative importance of several socioeconomic factors which explain life expectancy at birth in the European Union (EU) countries in the period 2008–2017, paying special attention to greenhouse gas emissions and public environmental expenditures. Methods: The Random Forests methodology was employed, which allows classification of the socioeconomic variables considered in the analysis according to their relative importance to explain health outcomes. Results: Per capita income, the educational level of the population, and the variable AREA (which reflects the subdivision of Europe into four relatively homogeneous areas), followed by the public expenditures on environmental and social protection, are the variables with the highest relevance in explaining life expectancy at birth in Europe over the perip.1 he peusto el correo e inciod 2008–2017. Conclusions: We have identified seven sectors as the main sources of greenhouse gas emissions: Electricity, gas, steam, and air conditioning supply; manufacturing; transportation and storage; agriculture, forestry, and fishing; construction; wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles; and mining and quarrying. Therefore, any public intervention related to environmental policy should be aimed at these economic sectors. Furthermore, it will be more effective to focus on public programs with higher relevance to the health status of the population, such as environmental and social protection expenditures.
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Schenfeld, María Julieta. "Servicing the Confederation: editorials of El Nacional Argentino newspaper from Paraná, during 1854." Divulgatio. Perfiles académicos de posgrado 5, no. 13 (November 16, 2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.48160/25913530di13.145.
Анотація:
This article analyzes the editorial position of El Nacional Argentino newspaper from Paraná, Entre Ríos in relation to the economic policy of the confederated provinces in the complex juncture of an Argentina divided into two States: Argentine Confederation and State of Buenos Aires. The aforementioned journalist entity, during 1854, undertook the task of making the benefits of Plan Fragueiro, the realities of the provinces and the mining, craft and commercial wealth of the Confederation known, with the aim of attracting people and capitals that ensure the grown of the financial resources which allowed paying the public expenditures.
In relation to the value and conception of a newspaper, a perspective that goes beyond its nature of source that provides irreplaceable scientific information is assumed, especially for Social Sciences and Arts. Indeed, it is considered a political actor, a subject inside the public sphere of the Confederation and, particularly, of Paraná.
20
Balega, A., and M. Kurylo. "OPTIMIZATION GEOLOGICAL STUDIES STAGES FINANCING IN DOMESTIC PRACTICE." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 1 (84) (2019): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.84.07.
Анотація:
The system of organization and financing of geological exploration works was investigated in separate stages. A comparison of the stages and their financial support in Ukraine and abroad has been carried out. In general, the stages correspond to the schemes recommended by the United Nations (UN) as international, but have their own specificity in terms of prospecting and general exploration. The objects, subjects and main sources of financing of works in accordance with the stages of the geological exploration works were defined. The level of state and non-state expenditures in the development of mineral base of Ukraine is fixed by the National program of development of mineral base of Ukraine by 2030; it is 13.8 % and 86.2 % respectively. The structure of public expenditures within the stages of the geological exploration works was investigated. The National program of development of mineral base of Ukraine by 2030 does not directly reflect the financing of the of geological exploration works by stages. According to the results of the sample, which is reflected and systematized, it is determined that the state budget provides the work of all three stages from the geological study of the territory to the exploration works. Geological exploration works funded by state funds in Ukraine are executed exclusively by state enterprises. Comparison of the financing indicators of the Program up to 2030 with the distribution of the main geological risks and general risks of mining business was conducted. At the first stage of the geological exploration works, high geological risks are accompanied by moderate mining risks and insignificant specific costs for obtaining geological information; public funding for these activities is concentrated at 9.91 % of the total funding. Stage II of the geological exploration works is accompanied by a higher than average indicator of geological risk, high risk of mining business and significant costs, with 65.71 % of government funding concentrated on these activities. The lowest geological risks and risks of mining business are inherent in Stage III of the geological exploration works, which is the most capital intensive, and whose financing is concentrated 16.7 % of state funding. The geopolitical challenges have led to the need for clarification of the work in the National program of development of mineral base of Ukraine by 2030. There were: actualization of the objects of the geological exploration works, the exclusion from the state financing of the detail exploration (stage III of the geological exploration works) and the concentration of such funding in prospecting and general exploration (stage II of the geological exploration works) in order to identify investment-attractive objects for their further auctioning.
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Cokorilo, Vojin, Nikola Lilic, Miodrag Denic, and Vladimir Milisavljevic. "New 'Stavalj' coal mine and thermal power plant." Thermal Science 13, no. 1 (2009): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0901165c.
Анотація:
Stavalj deposit has over 180 million tonnes of coal reserves, which is considered by the Ministry of Mining and Energy as large energy potential of national importance. Pre-feasibility study was developed for the purpose of evaluation of new underground coal mine and thermal power plant complex. Mine is designed with two sets of mechanized longwalls, for the production rate of 2.3 million tonnes per year of run-of-mine coal or 1.68 million tonnes of clean coal. This production is sufficient for thermal power plant of 320 MW, based on circulated fluidized bed combustion boilers and one turbine, with emissions of CO2 at same level than power plants operated by Electric Power Industry of Serbia. Following review of the Pre-feasibility study, possibilities for further improvement of underground coal mine are suggested. These improvements comprises of operation with one larger mechanized longwall set and without coal processing plant. Effects of these suggestions are lower initial investments, lower roadway development requirements, improved energy efficiency at coal production and smaller number of workers, all of which contributing to reduction of capital and operational expenditures and lower cost of fuel.
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Manrique, Eduardo J., Mehdi Izadi, Curtis D. Kitchen, and Vladimir Alvarado. "Effective EOR Decision Strategies With Limited Data: Field Cases Demonstration." SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering 12, no. 04 (July 19, 2009): 551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/113269-pa.
Анотація:
Summary Enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) evaluations focused on asset acquisition or rejuvenation involve a combination of complex decisions using different data sources. EOR projects traditionally have been associated with high capital and operational expenditures (CAPEX and OPEX, respectively) as well as high financial risk, which tend to limit the number of EOR projects launched. We propose a workflow for EOR evaluations that accounts for different volumes and quality of information. This flexible workflow has been applied successfully to oil-property evaluations and EOR-feasibility studies in many oil reservoirs. The method associated with the workflow relies on traditional (e.g., look-up tables, x-y correlations) and more-advanced (data mining for analog-reservoir search and geology indicators) screening methods, emphasizing identification of analogs to support decision making. The screening phase is combined with analytical or simplified numerical simulations to estimate full-field performance with reservoir-data-driven segmentation procedures. This paper illustrates the EOR decision-making workflow by use of field case examples from Asia, Canada, Mexico, South America, and the United States. The assets evaluated include reservoir types ranging from oil sands to condensate reservoirs. Different stages of development and information availability are discussed. Results show the advantage of a flexible decision-making workflow that can be adapted to the volume and quality of information by formulating the correct decision problem and concentrating on projects and/or properties with the highest expected economic merit. An interesting aspect of this approach is the combination of geologic and engineering data, minimizing experts' bias and combining technical and financial figures of merit. The proposed method has proved useful to screen and evaluate projects/properties very rapidly, identifying when upside potential exists.
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Tuktamysheva, L. M., and O. B. Chaganova. "MODELING THE DYNAMICS OF FINANCIAL AND CONSUMER BEHAVIOR OF RUSSIANS." Intelligence. Innovations. Investment, no. 1 (2021): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25198/2077-7175-2021-1-65.
Анотація:
The issue of studying the socio-economic inequality of the population in the regional context is a broad field for research. Of interest are studies based on the analysis of the relationships between the population’s income, debt load or the propensity to accumulation of money, as well as the population’s ability to spend leisure time in restaurants and other similar establishments. The purpose of the article is to identify the features and analyze the dynamics of financial and consumer behavior of the population of the Russian Federation in the regional context. The article studies the financial and consumer behavior of the population of Russian regions, both in time and spatial terms, based on open data from SBER. The spatial regression heterogeneity of data is proved by using the multidimensional classification methods and the time heterogeneity of data is proved by using special statistical criteria used in time series analysis. The revealed differentiation of the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of financial and consumer behavior shows the stability of the class with the highest incomes and consumer expenditures. This class includes the capital regions and the Northern regions where mining operations as economic activity is developed. Meanwhile, almost all of Central Russia belongs to regions with very low incomes, which means that the population of these regions does not have the opportunity to saving up. The population of these regions is characterized by the lowest spending not only in restaurants, but also in fast food cafes. The developed system of equations model based on panel data has a scientific novelty, which allows displaying structural relationships between the population’s income, financial and consumer behavior. In future research, when information for 2020 becomes publicly available, the model parameters should be re-evaluated, and to account for the impact of quarantine measures, appropriate variables (dummies, perhaps) may be introduced into the model. The obtained results and conclusions can be used in the development and evaluation of the effectiveness of projects aimed at demographic development or any socio-economic programs.
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Moyo, Vusani, Hendrik Wolmarans, and Leon Brümmer. "Dynamic capital structure determinants: Some evidence from South African firms." Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 6, no. 3 (October 31, 2013). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v6i3.253.
Анотація:
This study uses a sample of 49 manufacturing, 24 mining and 23 retail firms listed on the Johannesburg Stock Exchange during the period 2005-2010 to investigate the relationship between leverage and the firm’s key financial performance variables. Leverage is directly proportional to cash flow. This is consistent with the trade-off (TO) and agency theories. Capital expenditure is positively correlated to leverage, while asset tangibility and retention rate are negatively correlated to leverage. These findings confirm the validity of the pecking order theory. Liquidity and financial distress are negatively correlated to leverage. Consistently with the TO theory, leverage increases with profitability. Share price is positively correlated to leverage and this finding validates the market timing theory. The economic value added (EVA) is positively correlated to leverage and this finding rejects the TO theory. The true speed of adjustment for the sample is 64.20% for book-to-debt ratio and 28.11% for market-to-debt ratio.
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Franik, Tadeusz. "Study on factors influencing the level of capital expenditure spent in mining / Badanie Czynników Wpływających Na Wysokość Nakładów Inwestycyjnych Wydatkowanych W Górnictwie." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi - Mineral Resources Management 28, no. 4 (January 1, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10269-012-0035-x.
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"Poverty in Monetary versus Non-Monetary Indicators in India: A Case of Alkire-Foster Methodology." Indian Journal of Economics and Development, March 24, 2020, 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.35716/ijed/19124.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to assess the poverty in monetary as well as non-monetary indicators in India. For this purpose, Alkire-Foster methodology has been used on the consumption expenditure data. Findings of the study revealed that incidence of poverty was the highest in the source of cooking fuel (68 percent) followed by deprivation in calorie intake (62 percent), ownership of land (53 percent) and education (53 percent) dimensions. Consolidated index of poverty, revealed that 34 percent of the Indian population was suffering from the multidimensional poverty and they were experiencing around 63 percent of the average number of deprivations. STs, SCs and labour households were in the most pitiable situation. Among three sectors of the economy, the majority of the poor population belongs to the primary and secondary sectors particularly those employed in construction, agriculture, forestry and fishing and mining and quarrying. Further, human capital, ownership of land and health dimension observed to be the major contributors to the incidence of multidimensional poverty. Targeting mechanism suggests that marginalised groups have a greater potency to reduce poverty at a higher rate.
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Memon, Farhat N., Anne M. Owen, Olivia Sanchez-Graillet, Graham J. G. Upton, and Andrew P. Harrison. "Identifying the impact of G-Quadruplexes on Affymetrix 3′ Arrays using Cloud Computing." Journal of Integrative Bioinformatics 7, no. 2 (June 1, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jib-2010-111.
Анотація:
SummaryA tetramer quadruplex structure is formed by four parallel strands of DNA/ RNA containing runs of guanine. These quadruplexes are able to form because guanine can Hoogsteen hydrogen bond to other guanines, and a tetrad of guanines can form a stable arrangement. Recently we have discovered that probes on Affymetrix GeneChips that contain runs of guanine do not measure gene expression reliably. We associate this finding with the likelihood that quadruplexes are forming on the surface of GeneChips.In order to cope with the rapidly expanding size of GeneChip array datasets in the public domain, we are exploring the use of cloud computing to replicate our experiments on 3′ arrays to look at the effect of the location of G-spots (runs of guanines). Cloud computing is a recently introduced high-performance solution that takes advantage of the computational infrastructure of large organisations such as Amazon and Google.We expect that cloud computing will become widely adopted because it enables bioinformaticians to avoid capital expenditure on expensive computing resources and to only pay a cloud computing provider for what is used. Moreover, as well as financial efficiency, cloud computing is an ecologically-friendly technology, it enables efficient data-sharing and we expect it to be faster for development purposes. Here we propose the advantageous use of cloud computing to perform a large data-mining analysis of public domain 3′ arrays.