Дисертації з теми "Mitochondries du foie – Dissertations universitaires"
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Deleye, Yann. "Rôle du gène suppresseur de tumeur p16INK4a dans le métabolisme hépatique des lipides au cours du jeûne." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S002.
P16INK4a is a tumor suppressor protein that is a well described cell cycle regulator. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associated the CDKN2A locus, from which p16INK4A is encoded, with increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. A pathophysiological link between p16INK4a and hepatic glucose homeostasis has been unraveled recently, through the control of gluconeogenesis. Patients with T2D also present with disturbances in fat metabolism, associated with an increased prevalence to Non Alcoholic Fatty liver diseases (NAFLD). In this context, we investigated the role of p16INK4a in hepatic lipid metabolism in vitro using primary hepatocytes, the murin AML12 and human IHH hepatocyte cell line transfected respectively with siRNA-CDKN2A and siRNA-p16 and in vivo using p16+/+ and p16-/- mice.Transcriptomic analyses of p16+/+ and p16-/- primary hepatocytes using microarrays revealed that metabolic and PPARα signaling pathways were among the most modulated in p16 absence. Moreover, in primary hepatocytes and in hepatocyte cell lines, p16 deficiency modulates a subset of PPARα target genes associated to fatty acids oxidation (FAO). These effects were associated with an increased response to GW647, a PPAR945; agonist, and reversed by siRNA targeting PPAR45;. Investigating known PPAR945; activators and transcriptional co-activators in vitro, we found that upregulation of FAO genes expression was linked to SIRT1. AMPK is a known activator of FAO and has been shown to induce SIRT1 activation through increase of NAD/NADH ratio. Interestingly, downregulation of p16 expression in vitro led to increased AMPK phosphorylation and activation.In vitro, p16-/- primary hepatocytes demonstrated enhanced fatty acid oxidation of oleate compared to p16+/+. During fasting, enhanced FAO leads to a shift of acetyl-coA utilization from the TCA cycle to ketogenesis. Interestingly, p16-/- mice showed a tendency to produce more ketone bodies than their control littermate after sodium octanoate injection. These findings describe a new function for p16INK4a in hepatic lipid metabolism through activation of AMPK-SIRT1-PPARα pathway
Guillot, Max. "Cinétique du stress oxydant et des dysfonctions mitochondriales locales et à distance (poumon, rein, foie, cerveau, coeur) et effets du perconditionnement ischémique ou du postconditionnement pharmacologique au cours du clampage aortique expérimental." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ102.
Lower limb ischemia-reperfusion (IR) results in skeletal muscle mitochondrial alterations, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation and remote organ impairments which are largely involved in patients prognosis. However, whether ischemia without reperfusion increases ROS production and preceedes mitochondrial alteration and whether mitochondrial dysfunction occurs early in remote organ is unknown. Remote ischemic perconditioning (PerC) and Fibrin-derived peptide Bβ(15-42) (FX06) prevent during cardiac IR but whether and how PerC and FX06 might protect skeletal muscle is unknown. This study tested whether PerC and FX06 would decrease skeletal muscle inflammation and reduce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction during IR. In an animal lower limb ischemia-reperfusion model, the objectives of our study were therefore to determine simultaneously the kinetic of ROS production, mitochondrial respiration and inflammation changes in skeletal muscle and remote organs during ischemia reperfusion and to challenge the effect of PerC and FX06 on mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activities, ROS production and inflammation. We observed that oxidative stress preceedes skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and probably may be seen before inflammation activation. FX06 decreased inflammation, normalized ROS production and restored mitochondrial oxidative capacity during experimental skeletal muscle IR. PerC not only failed to protect ischemic skeletal muscle but impaired contralateral non ischemic suggesting that such therapy should be used with caution. This better knowledge will allow us to develop new strategies to prevent the development of IR lesions
Borie, Dominique. "Xénotransplantation : vers une assistance hépatique par foie de porc." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD06.
Corazao-Rozas, Paola. "Exploitation du métabolisme mitochondrial oxydatif dans l'éradication du mélanome métastatique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S036/document.
Most cancer cells undergo a metabolic rewiring from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis that allows them to proliferate even under stressful conditions. This phenomenon is known as the Warburg Effect and has been often associated to mitochondrial dysfunction. Although, many studies have shown that mitochondria is still active in cancer cells and seems to play a key role in tumorigenesis little is know about the mechanisms that regulate this metabolic swift. In this context, we first focused in the study of melanoma metabolism in different cell lines as in samples coming from patients. We first found that melanoma cells present low mitochondrial activity characterized by low oxidative phosphorylation. This metabolic behavior is at least partially controlled by the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α HIF-1α witch is constitutively express in melanoma cells even under nomoxic conditions. Inhibition of this factor induces a strong decrease in the expression and activity of PDK3. Pharmacological inhibition of PDK3 activity by dichloroacetate (DCA) is enough to reactivate mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Furthermore DCA increases in a synergistic manner elesclomol’s induced ROS production and cell death. Interestingly, BRAF V600E melanoma cells that were resistant to the BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib show were also sensible to this combination. Consequently, as a second part of this work we looked for to understand, why resistant cells were so sensible to these agents and if there were some metabolic modifications that could explain this behavior. We found that vemurafenib BRAFV600E induced inhibition causes an important decrease in glycolysis and renders melanoma cells addicted to oxidative phosphorylation by increasing mitochondria biogenesis dependently or not of MTIF/PCG1 axis. Conversely, vemurafenib resistant melanoma cell lines show higher mitochondrial activity associated with higher ROS production. Thus these cells are more sensible to elesclomol induced cell death than vemurafenib sensible cell lines. Our findings provide new insights into the metabolic pathways that allow cells to adapt to difficult microenvironment, showing that these metabolic modifications, especially in terms of ROS production, can be used to target and eradicate melanoma cells
Cardoso, Cuneo Jorge E. "Le pompage portal dans la cirrhose." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05CD04.
Wen, Lanling. "Transplantation xénogénique du foie : roles de la vasomotricité et de la réponse humorale aux protéines d'origine hépatique dans le déroulement du rejet." Paris 5, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA05CD01.
Pârvu-Ferecatu, Iona Costina. "Etude de nouvelles activités de p53 et Rb à la mitochondrie et dans le contrôle de l'apoptose." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008VERS0043.
Since their discovery, p53 and Rb proteins have been considerably studied mainly due to their regulatory function of cell cycle and apoptosis; their activities are found to be inactivated in most human cancers. During my PhD, I focused my interest in better understanding the role of p53 and Rb proteins in both apoptotic and living cells. First, we demonstrated that in stress conditions p53 is able to activate a mitochondria-independent alternative apoptotic pathway, which is under control of caspase-9. Moreover, we show that this caspase is able to cleave Rb protein, to generate a truncated p76Rb form which protects cells from p53-dependent apoptosis. Afterwards, we brought evidences of a mitochondrial localization of these proteins in proliferative cells, in many cell models, localization that has never been described before in such conditions. At mitochondria, p53 is mainly located at membranes level (inner or outer) while Rb displays more of an internal placement (inner-membrane or matrix). The domains of p53 involved in mitochondria localization of living cells seem to differ from those involved in nuclear or mitochondrial localization in stress conditions. The VDAC protein, one of most abundant proteins of mitochondrial outer-membrane, is the mitochondrial partner of p53 solely in living conditions. As for Rb, the pocket domain appears to be the one required for mitochondrial binding of the protein. These results suggest either that mitochondria may represent a sequestration site for both p53 and Rb, or that these proteins may be directly involved in mitochondria activity
Sarzi, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation génétique et phénotypique des déplétions de l'ADN mitochondrial." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T048.
Mitochondrial diseases are a common group of metabolism pathologies. Nowadays, they represent more than 17% of our clinical consultations. Multiple respiratory chain deficiency account for an important number of mitochondrial disease and are characterised by a multi-systemic organ involvement leading to early death. Since these last 15 years, we have recruited a large number of patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency. In 2001, it has been shown that a mtDNA quantitative anomaly was at the origin of this defect also named mtDNA depletions. The large number of patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency and the weak yield of molecular diagnosis prompt us to consider mtDNA depletion as a cause of multiple respiratory chain deficiency. The aim of this work was firstly to estimate the incidence of mtDNA depletion in our series of multiple respiratory chain cases. Then, we characterised the genetic and phenotypic features of mtDNA depletions. Finaly, the study of one family among our consanguineous and/or multiplex patients allowed us to identify a new gene responsible for mtDNA depletions associated with a hepatocerebral failure. This gene also named PEO1 encodes for the mitochondrial Twinkle helicase which has been ever known to cause adult onset PEO in a dominant transmission. Finally, we have studied another consanguineous family with multiple respiratory chain deficiency and hepatic failure. This work allowed us to improve the genetic counselling in our laboratory especially for all patients with multiple respiratory chain deficiency associated with a mtDNA depletion
Herpe, Yves-Edouard. "Apport à la production d'hépatocytes à usage pharmacotoxicologique et thérapeutique : étude de la différenciation des cellules souches embyonnaires humaines en endoderme hépatique induit par une lignée stromale." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA11T090.
Here we mainly describe a strategy based on the use of a stroma!cell line (SCL) to obtain hepatic endodermal cells from human embryonic stem cells (hESC). When co-cultured with the SCL or its conditioned medium, hESC cells give rise to typical three dimensional structures. Electron microscopy analysis of the cells undergoing differentiation shows the formation of a typical hepatic epithelium (glycogen granules, canaliculi-like structures). Lmmunofluorescence and RT-PCR transcriptional studies demonstrated that during the course of the differentiation process, hESC cells progressively modify their gene expression profile strickingly mimicking hepatic endodermal development in vivo. Finally, a population of cells displaying membrane markers of hepatoblasts appears at the end of the differentiation process
Perilhou, Anaïs. "Le facteur de transcription COUP-TFII, un nouvel acteur dans le contrôle de l'homéostasie glucidique dans le foie et le pancréas." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05T028.
Metabolic pathways concerned in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in liver and pancreas are precisely controlled at gene level. We showed that COUP-TFII (Chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor II) deletion from pancreatic beta cells in heterozygous mice led to abnormal insulin secretion. This work reveals that 1) COUP-TFII expression is negatively controlled by glucose and insulin in pancreatic beta cells and hepatocytes, in vivo and in vitro, via ChREBP and Foxo-1 signaling; 2) COUP-TFII inhibates insulin genes transcription, as well as insulin content and insulin secretion in beta 832/13 ENS-1 cell line, and decreases the fatty acid esterification capacity in these cells; 3) COUP-TFII and HNF-4alpha (MODY-1) activate one another their expression in pancreatic beta cells. These results conduct and argue to propose an important contribution of COUP-TFII hi the control of glucose homeostasis in the fasted state, and potentially in pathologies as type 2 diabetes
M'Baya-Moutoula, Eléonore. "Impact de la signalisation calcique dans les maladies de la chaine respiratoire mitochondriale : étude du déficit du complexe II associé au syndrôme de Leigh." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T053.
Despite advanced knowledge on the genetic basis of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS)-related diseases, the molecular and/or cellular detenninants for tissue specific dysfunction are not completely understood. We studied the cellular events associated with initochondrial respiratory complex II deficiency in two models: human fibroblasts derived from a patient harbouring SDHA (succinate dehydrogenase subunit A) mutation and fibroblasts and neuronal derived cells treated chronically with complex II inhibitors. Mutation or inhibition of complex II were shown to determine a large increase of basal and agonist-evoked Ca2+ signals in the cytosol and the mitochondria, in parallel with initochondrial dysfunction (membrane potential (Δψmit) loss, [ATP] reduction and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production). Cytosolic and initochondrial Ca2+ overload was shown to be associated with: i/ down- expression of SERCA2b and PMCA; ii/ increased ER Ca2+ leakage; iii/ decreased initochondrial motility; iv/ increased ER-mitochondria contact sites; and v/ increased initochondrial calcium uptake capacity. Interestingly, we showed that complex II deficient cells developed a Ca2+ dependent glycolytic ATP production. Moreover, increased mitochondria! Ca2+ load occurred prior to Av|/nl), loss and was shown to be implicated in the development of initochondrial pathology. These results revealed the importance of Ca2+ signalling in the control of the cellular bioenergetics outcomes linked to respiratory chain complex II deficiency. Our findings may help in the understanding of the pathology linked to complex II deficiency and to mitochondrial respiratory chain diseases in general
Ovejero-Vicente, Christine. "Etude in vivo de l'activation du signal Wnt/β-caténine et identification de gènes cibles régulés par β-caténine dans le tissu hépatique". Paris 5, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA05CD02.
A constitutive reactivation of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway was observed in 40% of the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mainly due to mutations in the b-catenin gene. The aim of my work was to study the oncogenic role of b-catenin and to identify the target genes regulated by b-catenin in the liver. We have shown in transgenic mice that the overexpression of an activated mutant of b-catenin in the liver was responsible of a hepatomegaly associated with hyperproliferation. With this hyperplasic liver, we have identified many target genes of b-catenin implicated in the glutamine metabolism, particularly the glutamine synthetase. The induction of this gene is significantly correlated to the activation of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway in the HCC. To identify the early target genes of b-catenin, we have searched the genes induced after the injection of an adenovirus coding an activated b-catenin in the liver. We have identified LECT2, gene of inflammation, like a direct target of b-catenin
Köysüren-Demirkapi, Nursel. "Étude de l'élongation des acides gras NADH-dépendante dans le réticulum endoplasmique de foie : mécanisme de régulation au niveau de la B-cétoréduction." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA11A002.
Rouquet, Nicolas. "Apoptose hépatocytaire induite par las systèmes FAS et TNF : applications thérapeutiques." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD21.
Bourdon, Alice. "Ribonucléotide réductase et synthèse de l'ADN mitochondrial." Paris 5, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T006.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletions are characterized by a decreased number of mtDNA molecules and constitute a major cause of respiratory chain deficiency. This work allowed us to identify a new nuclear gene of mtDNA depletion associated with a severe encephalomyopathy leading to death in the first months of age. This gene encodes a small ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) subunit p53R2 which is a target of the transcription factor p53. RNR catalyses the reduction of the nucleotides into their corresponding desoxyribonucleotides, which is the rate limiting step for DNA synthesis. The second part of this work focuses on the role of p53R2 in mtDNA replication studying its subcellular localization and the expression of the subunits of RNR in several mouse tissues during development
Begriche, Karima. "Désordres métaboliques induits par un déficit partiel en leptine : influence du régime alimentaire et prévention." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077197.
Leptin , an adipokine mainly expressed in adipose tissue, plays a central role in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Total leptin deficiency due to missense leptin (ob) gene mutation leads to morbid obesity, type 2 diabetes and massive steatosis in ob/ob mice or in men. Although total leptin deficiency is extremely rare in humans, a larger number of individuels could have low levels of leptin as the consequence of a heterozygous mutation within the ob gene (partial leptin deficiency, PLD). PLD mice (ob/+ mice) could be an experimental model to study genetic predisposition to overweight and metabolic abnormalities. In the first part of my thesis, by feeding ob/+ mice with an hypercaloric diet (HC diet), we try to show how a calorie excess can dramatically increase body fat mass and promote associated metabolic disorders. Our results clearly demonstrated that a PLD under HC feeding promotes obesity, glucose intolerance (associated with a mild insulin résistance), post-absorptive hypertriglyceridemia and steatohepatitis. In the second part of my thesis, we try to determine if a leptin supplementation or whether a β- aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA, a catabolite of thymine) administration could prevent or not most of the disorders in ob/+ mice fed the HC diet. Our results showed that leptin supplementation and BAIBA administration were susceptible to prevent totally or partially most of the metabolic disorders in ob/+ mice fed the HC diet
Simon-Kayser, Barbara. "Identification d'un gène humain localisé en 17q12, codant pour un membre de la famille F-box (Fbxo47) : étude des caractéristiques de la protéine." Nantes, 2006. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=9ed39bb9-3443-422a-a221-ce1ddba667f4.
Genetic alterations of chromosome arm 17q occur in numerous tumor types, including papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC). It suggests the presence of a tumor suppressor gene on the long arm of chromosome 17, which is critical for carcinogenesis. In this study, we analyzed 15 cases of pRCC for LOH. We identified a minimal deleted region in which the D17S250 marker (17q12). We isolated the cDNA of a novel gene named FBXO47. FBXO47 cDNA is preferentially expressed in normal tissue, particularly in the testis. The search of characteristic protein domains showed the presence of: a F-box domain, that we showed the functionality in vitro and in vivo; a Leucine-zipper; and a sequence of addressing mitochondrial. Most proteins of the family defined by the F-box motif belong to the ubiquitine-proteasome pathway. In order to determine the cellular function of Fbxo47, we sought to identify its protein partners. A screening in two- hybrid system enabled us to identify the protein Gfm1, the principal elongation factor of the mitochondrial translation. This thesis work represents indeed the first description of the presence of F-box system in mitochondrial matrix in human
Goulut-Chassaing, Chantal. "Structure glycannique de type poly-n-acetyllactosamine dans une glycoproteine membranaire d'un hepatome ascitique : relation avec la differenciation et la transformation maligne." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05S010.
Oulès, Bénédicte. "Impact physiologique du transfert de calcium entre le réticulum endoplasmique (RE) et la mitochondrie : rôle de l'isoforme SERCAI tronquée (S1T) dans le stress du RE et la maladie d'Alzheimer." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA05T063.
Calcium (Ca2+) transfer between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria is mediated through dynamic contacts sites. We showed that the truncated isoform of SERCA1 (S1T) initiates and simplifies the proapoptotic pathway of the ER stress signaling. In addition, owing to its localization at the ER-mitochondria contacts sites, it determines a localized ER Ca2+ leak towards the mitochondria leading to mitochondrial apoptosis. We also demonstrated that S1T is overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease. In parallel, Aβ accumulates in ER-mitochondria contact sites. In addition, an extensive analysis of subcellular Ca2+ signaling allowed us to demonstrate its drastic deregulation. Lastly, we have revealed that Ca2+ control bioenergetics pathways in Leigh's disease related to mitochondrial respiratory chain complex II deficiency. Our results showed the impact of Ca2+ transfer from ER to mitochondria-related pathologies
Woller, Aurore. "Entrainment of the mammalian circadian clock by metabolism in the liver : a quantitative mathematical model." Thesis, Lille 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL2S036/document.
To anticipate daily changes in their environment, most living organisms have evolved a circadian clock, which is synchronized to the diurnal cycle and orchestrates numerous biological functions. At organismal level, daylight is the main signal driving the clock. In multicellular organisms, however, clocks in peripheral organs respond to other cues. For example, the liver clock is primarily synchronized by fasting/feeding cycles and variations in the cellular metabolic state, as reflected by the NAD+/NADH and ATP/AMP ratios. To better understand the entrainment of peripheral circadian clocks by metabolic cycles, we have constructed a mathematical model of the mammalian circadian clock incorporating the metabolic sensors SIRT1 and AMPK. This model reproduces accurately experimental clock gene expression data from mouse liver in vivo and predicts correctly the effect of SIRT1 or AMPK loss-of-function. We used our mathematical model to investigate the response of the liver clock to various temporal patterns of AMPK activation, mimicking the effect of a normal diet, of fasting and of a high-fat diet feeding. Our results predict significant changes in clock gene expression and NAD+ time profiles between these situations. They suggest that the night peak in NAD+ level is due to circadian rhythms in NAMPT expression, while the day peak results from transient AMPK activation. Finally, we find that the loss of amplitude in expression rhythms observed when AMPK is depressed may be pharmacologically rescued using a timed REV-ERB agonist administration, suggesting strategies to fight against high fat diet-induced obesity
Mazuy, Claire. "Etude de l’interaction entre le récepteur nucléaire FXR et le facteur de transcription FOXA2 dans le foie." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S055/document.
The liver is a key regulator of whole-body energy metabolism. The nuclear receptor super-family plays a leading role in the metabolic sensing of the liver. Among the nuclear receptors, the bile acid nuclear receptor FXR contribute to the modulation of liver activity in particular through the regulation of bile acid, lipids and glucose homeostasis. Consequently, FXR became a potential therapeutic target for many diseases implicated metabolic disorder such as cholestasis, type 2 diabete or Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH). Despite promising results especially on NASH, patient treatment with FXR agonist the INT747 seems to increase LDL-Cholesterol plasma concentrations together with a decreased concentration of HDL-Cholesterol suggesting a higher risk to develop atherosclerosis. These effects on plasma lipid profile are the major break against the development of agonists in clinics. Giving the poor understanding and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms which govern FXR regulation of activity on various signaling pathways, it is of major interest to find new partners and regulators of FXR and especially on lipid and cholesterol homeostasis. One of the transcription factor known to be active in the control of these signaling pathways in the liver is the forkhead box transcription factor FOXA2. This transcription factor whose activity is dependent of physiological conditions is activated by glucagon and inhibited by insulin. In addition, this factor is known to regulate bile acid, cholesterol and lipid metabolism, functions very close from FXR activities in the liver.The objective of this PhD was to study the interaction between FXR and FOXA2 signaling pathways in different hepatic cells lines from human or mouse origin and in the liver. We established that FOXA2 and FXR are colocalised in HepG2 cells and liver chromatin near genes implicated in the lipid and cholesterol metabolism. These FXR/FOXA2 cobinding zones present few consensus FOXA2 response elements suggesting the implication of non consensus binding motifs or a “tethering” mechanism. We show that FOXA2 binding to FXR/FOXA2 cobinding zones is increased when FXR is activated and/or more present in the chromatin evoking a potential interaction between these two factors. We demonstrate that FXR and FOXA2 interact physically and that FOXA2 is a repressor of FXR transcriptional activity using different approaches and cellular models. Finally, we show that FOXA2 is implicated in glucagon-induced repression of FXR transcriptional activity on Shp gene.To conclude, our results show for the first time that the fasting key regulator of lipid and cholesterol homeostasis FOXA2 is a repressor of FXR transcriptional activity through a plausible mechanism involving “tethering” process. This work gives a novel mechanism by which FXR activity can be modified by nutritional status in a gene-specific manner
Nagy, Héléna Juliana. "Traitement des tumeurs hépatiques et ovariennes expérimentales par transfert de gène codant pour la thymidine kinase du virus herpès simplex de type 1." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD03.
Bazin-Redureau, Martine. "Pharmacocinétique et catabolisme hépatique des anticorps et fragments." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05CD11.
Conti, Filoména. "Etude des facteurs de risque du rejet chronique d'allogreffe hépatique chez l'homme." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD01.
Godoy, José Luiz de. "Régénération hépatique et transfert de gènes." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05CD04.
Miech, Gilles. "Prolidase, prolinase : études biochimiques sur le foie de rat et sur les fibroblastes de peau humaine en culture." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA114802.
Sarnacki, Sabine. "Etude des modalités d'induction de tolérance en transplantation d'organe chez l'animal." Paris 5, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA05CD20.
Ploton, Maheul. "Impact de la phosphorylation de FXR par la PKA sur son activité transcriptionnelle et sur la régulation de la néoglucogenèse hépatique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL2S032/document.
Glucose homeostasis is maintained during normal fasting through a complex regulatory network controlled mainly by glucagon, a pancreatic hormone. Opposing the effects of insulin, it orchestrates the glucose use, storage and synthesis by the liver, the main organ that produces glucose during fasting. The latter is carried out first by the degradation of glycogen or glycogenolysis and then by de novo glucose synthesis or gluconeogenesis. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is controlled by modulation of various key enzymes activity and/or expression according to allosteric or transcriptional mechanisms.Multiple transcription factors are involved in the transcriptional regulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis. The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is expressed in the liver and in several organs involved in glucose homeostasis. FXR regulates many essential liver functions, including controlling bile acid and lipid metabolism. The exact role of FXR on gluconeogenesis is still debated. The objective of this work was therefore to study the role of FXR in the control of hepatic gluconeogenesis under experimental conditions reflecting certain aspects of fasting. We demonstrated that FXR, in the presence of glucagon, positively regulated gluconeogenesis according to two mechanisms.The first mechanism involves phosphorylation of FXR by PKA, a glucagon-activated kinase. This FXR post-translational modification allows synergistic induction of key gluconeogenic enzymes expression by FXR and the CREB transcription factor. This mechanism identification constitutes the major part of the work presented in this thesis. These were integrated with work previously conducted in the laboratory that allowed us to identify an additional mechanism for regulating gluconeogenesis. The FXR direct interaction with the transcription factor FOXA2, itself activated by glucagon, inhibits the ability of FXR to induce the expression of SHP, a gluconeogenesis inhibitory nuclear receptor.This work has therefore identified for the first time that hepatic gluconeogenesis is positively regulated by FXR in the glucagon signalling pathway. For this, FXR integrates the "glucagon" signal by two distinct mechanisms: via post-translational modification, its phosphorylation by PKA on S325 and S357 serines and via protein-protein interaction with FOXA2
Frisan, Emilie. "Etude de la différenciation érythroïde des syndromes myélodysplasiques de faible risque : rôle des protéines GATA-1 et Hsp70." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T007.
Normal hematopoietic progenitors commitment into erythroid lineage is controlled by stem cell factor (SCF) and erythropoietin (Epo) while erythroid terminal differentiation is only Epo-dependent. DyserythropoYesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) which clonal disorders of the hematopoietic stem cell, combines a defective differentiation of the progenitors and an increased apoptosis of the precursors. This work shows (1) the implication of endoplasmic reticulum in MDS apoptosis downstream of death domain) receptor Fas, (2) defective Epo-dependent activation of the MAPK in patients resistant to Epo treatment, and (3) a caspase-3-mediated Cleavage of the erythroid transcription factor GATA-1 due to a defective nuclear localization of the chaperone protein Hsp70 in MDS. Nuclear export of HspVO is regulated by AKT phosphorylation in response to SCF and would be increased by an ectopic expression) of SCF receptor in MDS mature erythroblasts
Seyer, Pascal. "Etude de l'implication directe de l'activité mitochondriale dans la régulation de la différenciation des myoblastes." École nationale supérieure agronomique (Montpellier), 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENSA0027.
André, Fanny. "Influence du métabolisme mitochondrial dans la survie et la mort des cellules tumorales : intérêt du ciblage mitochondrial pour le traitement des cancers." Thesis, Lille 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL2S001/document.
Mitochondria occupies a key role in cancer cells. As the main source of ATP synthesis and the site of anabolic and catabolic reactions, mitochondria support tumor development. Besides, mitochondria are also involved in the response to cellular stress regulating autophagy or cancer cell death.In this context, we have demonstrated that mitochondrial function may alter the ER stress response thus promoting tumor cell survival. Indeed, overexpression of the Glucocorticoid-Induced Leucine Zipper protein (GILZ) protein attenuates endoplasmic reticulum stress mediated cell death. This is achieved by maintaining the mitochondrial network and the increase of mitochondrial function. In this study, we demonstrated that maintaining mitochondrial function is important for the protective effect of GILZ since using melanoma cell lines lacking mitochondrial activity (ρ0 cell lines) and overexpressing GILZ are susceptible to death induced by reticular stress inducers. Our studies have also shown that the increase of mitochondrial function induced by GILZ can be used to re-sensitize the cancer cells to death induced by prooxidant molecules as elesclomol.In another tumoral context, we have also demonstrated that a sub-population of BRAF mutated melanoma cells can increase mitochondrial metabolism to survive to ER stress-mediated cell death induced by several MAPK inhibitors. Resistance to MPAki involves a significant increase in mitochondrial OXPHOS associated with mitochondrial network remodeling around the ER, which facilitates mitochondrial calcium uptake. Our results have shown that mitochondrial function is crucial for the survival of cancer cells. Altogether our data indicate that given their multiple cellular roles, cancer cell mitochondria constitute attractive therapeutic targets
Benel, Laurent. "Influence du transfert in vitro et des conditions de culture sur l'activité et la biogenèse mitochondriales du chondrocyte articulaire de lapin." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114809.
Schmitt, Françoise. "Thérapie génique in vivo des hépatopathies héréditaires cirrhogènes par des lentivirus recombinants à immunogénicité atténuée et dans une approche chirurgicale : application à la maladie de Wilson." Nantes, 2014. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=77773582-ec24-46c0-8d49-bf6003ab59a4.
Wilson's disease (WD) is a hereditary liver disease due to mutations in the ATP7B gene, which encodes for a copper transporter in the liver. It leads to a toxic accumulation of copper in the liver and the brain, responsible for early cirrhosis and neuropsychiatric disorders. Current medications are burdensome and may imply liver transplantation, which is in favor of alternative therapeutic strategies, such as gene therapy (GT). In this work we have first validated different biological markers for WD diagnosis and acute liver disease progression, as well as the use of computerized morphometric analysis of liver fibrosis in the LEC rat, an animal model for WD. We have then developed a surgical approach for the injection of the lentiviral vector (LV) into an isolated liver in hyperpressure. Its use allowed a restoration of the transduction efficacy after LV injection in rats pre-immunized against the LV envelop protein, and we have addressed its potential for GT in a fibrotic liver. We have then injected in young LEC rats a LV encoding for the cDNA of the ATP7B gene, under control of a liver-specific promoter and containing target sequences of the miR142-3p, to prevent the development of a specific immune response. It allowed a long-term restoration of the ATP7B enzymatic activity, but did not prevent the occurrence of liver fibrosis. Thus, we have demonstrated that in vivo lentiviral GT could be applied to WD, but that a very high initial hepatocytes transduction level was mandatory to achieve a therapeutic efficiency and to prevent the development of liver failure
Espeillac, Catherine. "Croissance hépatique et cancer : rôle des substrats de mTOR, Akt et S6K." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T012.
We are studying the function of mTOR in physiological, regenerative tumoral proliferation using several approaches ranging from site-directed mutagenesis in mice to pharmacological treatments. We were able to demonstrate a surprising functional specificity of substrates of mTOR, S6K and Akt, which are involved in distinct processes during liver regeneration and tumoral progression. We have shown that the mTORCl complex and more precisely the S6K1 have a role in liver regeneration. Our results indicate a role of cyclin Dl. We also showed that mTORC2 complex and more precisely Akt2 have a role in carcinogenesis. These advances in knowledge of targets of mTOR that regulate the cell cycle and tumoral progression have important implications in understanding the growth and cellular metabolism
Enfissi, Antoine. "Implication des canaux calciques TRP dans les phénomènes de prolifération hépatocytaire." Paris 11, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA114802.
Préau, Sébastien. "Implication du cytosquelette dans les dysfonctions myocardiques : exemple de la cardiomyopathie septique." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01018473.
Leman, Géraldine. "Régulation de la fonction mitochondriale par le rapport NADH/NAD+ : le rôle clef du complexe I." Thesis, Angers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ANGE0016/document.
NAD+ appears as a main regulator of the mitochondrial function. Indeed, this compound not only regulates the enzymatic activity of enzymes involved in energetic metabolism (fatty acid oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle) but is also involved in ROS production. NAD+ is also the cofactor of sirtuins, deacetylase enzymes, in particular regulating the mitochondrial function. Moreover, mitochondria sequester most of the cellular NAD+ (up to 70 %). The complex I, which possesses an NADH dehydrogenase activity, is thought to be the most important regualtor of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio. The work presented here aimed at studying the role of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio in mitochondrial metabolism and to test the involvement of the complex I in mitochondrial disorders. We show that a modulation of the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio (increase by a pharmacological agent or decrease in complex-I mutated fibroplasts) severely affects the mitochondrial energetic function especially by interacting with SIRT3 a mitochondrial sirtuin isoform. The NADH/NAD+ ratio is highly regulated by complex I activity. Resveratrol, which targets the complex I, as well as NMN, a NAD+ precursor, improves the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio and consequently increases the mitochondrial metabolism. Our results strongly suggest that the mitochondrial NADH/NAD+ ratio could be an interesting therapeutic target especially in complex I- deficient patients
Schiff, Manuel. "Effets de modifications diététiques sur le phénotype de la souris Harlequin, un modèle de maladie mitochondriale." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05T026.
Background: Therapeutic options in human mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) diseases have been poorly evaluated mostly because of the scarcity of cohorts and the inter-individual variability of disease progression. Thus, while a high fat diet (HFD) is often recommended, data regarding efficacy are limited. Our objectives were 1) to determine our ability to evaluate therapeutic options in the Harlequin OXPHOS complex I (CI)-deficient mice, in the context of a mitochondrial disease with human hallmarks and 2) to assess the effects of a HFD. Methods and Findings: Before launching long and expensive animal studies, we showed that palmitate afforded long-term death-protection in 3 CI-mutant human fibroblasts cell lines. We next demonstrated that using the Harlequin mouse, it was possible to draw solid conclusions on the efficacy of a 5-month-HFD on neurodegenerative symptoms. Moreover, we could identify a group of highly responsive animals, echoing the high variability of the disease progression in Harlequin mice. Conclusions: These results suggest that a reduced number of patients with identical genetic disease should be sufficient to reach firm conclusions as far as the potential existence of responders and non responders is recognized. They also positively prefigure HFD-trials in OXPHOS-deficient patients
Froger-Gaillard, Béatrice. "Les facteurs environnementaux du chondrocyte articulaire en culture : implications au cours du vieillissement "in vitro"." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA114834.
Hannou, Sarah Anissa. "Rôle du régulateur du cycle cellulaire p16INK4a dans le développement du diabète de type 2 et dans les maladies métaboliques du foie gras ou NAFLD (Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease) : rôle de p16INK4a dans le contrôle de la néoglucogenèse hépatique et dans le développement de la stéatose hépatique non alcoolique." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S012/document.
P16INK4a is a tumor suppressor protein well described as a cell cycle regulator. p16INK4a blocks cyclin D/ cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 4 activity by binding to the catalytic subunit of CDK4, preventing retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and subsequently the release of the E2F1 transcription factor. As a consequence; the transcription of genes required for progression to the S phase is restrained. Recently, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) associated the CDKN2A locus, encoding, amongst other genes, p16INK4A, with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) development. However, the pathophysiological link between p16INK4a and hepatic glucose homeostasis remains unknown. In this context, we investigated the role of p16INK4a in hepatic glucose metabolism in vivo using p16+/+ and p16-/- mice and in vitro using primary hepatocytes and the AML12 hepatocyte cell line.p16-/- mice exhibited a higher response to fasting as shown by an increased hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), fructose-1,6-biphosphatase (F1,6P) and glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase). p16-/- mice displayed an enhanced hepatic gluconeogenic activity in vivo upon administration of pyruvate, a gluconeogenic substrate. Consistent with this, in vitro data show that p16-/- primary hepatocytes display an enhanced gluconeogenic response to glucagon. In addition, knock down of p16INK4a by siRNA in AML12 cells increased gluconeogenic gene expression. These effects were associated with an increased activity of the PKA-CREB signaling pathway which leads to increased PPARg coactivator 1 (PGC1)α expression, a key transcriptional co-activator that regulates genes involved in energy metabolism. These findings describe a new function for p16INK4a as an actor in the hepatic adaptation to metabolic stress and suggest that p16INK4a could play a role during T2D development
Chicherin, Ivan. "Adressage de l'ARN ribosomique 5S dans les mitochondries humaines et la traduction mitochondriale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ074/document.
5S rRNA is a small nuclear-encoded RNA molecule, which is partially imported into mitochondria from cytoplasm in human cells. Although the import mechanism was studied in details, the functional significance of this phenomenon is poorly understood. Published data suggest that imported 5S rRNA might participate in mitochondrial protein synthesis, possibly associating with mitoribosomes. However, structural studies do not support these observations. We have exploited several approaches to figure out the function of 5S rRNA in human mitochondria. Our studies showed that only a minor part of 5S rRNA pool could be associated with human mitoribosomes, insufficient to form stoichiometric 1:1 complex. We applied MS2 affinity chromatography approach to identify protein partners of 5S rRNA in human mitochondria. The results suggested that 5S rRNA could associate with mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and mitochondrial ribosome assembly factors. This allowed us to formulate a hypothesis about possible participation of 5S rRNA in mitoribosome biogenesis. The data were partially validated by co-immunoprecipitation experiments, although subsequent studies are required to validate 5S rRNA involvement in this pathway
Desurmont, Thibault. "Etude de l'implication des chimiokines et de leurs récepteurs dans la survenue d'une rechute métastatique chez des patients atteints d'un cancer du côlon métastatique et traités par chirurgie hépatique avec ou sans chimiothérapie néoadjuvante." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S042/document.
Our aim was to analyze the potential role of chemokine receptors CXCR2 and CXCR4 signalling pathways in liver metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC) relapse. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their chemokine ligands were evaluated in liver metastases of colorectal cancer in order to study their correlation with overall and disease-free survival of patients having received, or not received, a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen.Quantitative RT-PCR and CXCR2 immunohistochemical staining were carried out using human CRC liver metastasis samples. Expression levels of CXCR2, CXCR4, and their ligands were statistically analyzed according to treatment with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and patients ' outcome. Murine models of subcutaneous and orthotopic intracaecal xenografts have been developed and used to study the expression of CXCR2, CXCR4 and CXCL7 in connection with the treatment of mice with chemotherapy.We showed that CXCR2 and CXCL7 overexpression are correlated to patient’s shorter overall and disease-free survival. By multivariate analysis, CXCR2 and CXCL7 expressions are independent factors of overall and disease-free survival. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy increases significantly the expression of CXCR2 and CXCL7 was overexpressed close to significance. Results of our mouse models have shown a trend over-expression of our interest genes in tumor tissues of the treated mice.In conclusion, we show the involvement of CXCL7/CXCR2 signalling pathways as a predictive factor of poor outcome in metastatic CRC. 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy regimens increase the expression of these genes in liver metastasis, providing one explanation for aggressiveness of relapsed drug-resistant tumors. Selective blockage of CXCR2/CXCL7 signalling pathways could provide new potential therapeutic opportunities
Combes, Adrien. "Influence des perturbations métaboliques sur des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la biogenèse mitochondriale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL2S045/document.
Western life evolution is associated with an increase in sedentary behaviours and metabolic diseases leading to health alteration. This evolution affects the skeletal muscle, which is characterized by a decrease in its ability to produce aerobic energy. However, skeletal muscle is a highly malleable tissue, capable of considerable metabolic adaptations in response to physical activity. Mitochondria produce the aerobic energy within the skeletal muscle. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and its function is necessary to improve physical activity prescription.The intermittent exercise is currently used in rehabilitation programs. Several arguments are put forward to utilizing this method: 1) the time spent at high oxygen consumption, 2) the high intensity of exercise and 3) the metabolic disturbances induced by variations of intensity during exercise. However, the influence of metabolic disturbances on muscle oxidative capacity has not been clearly demonstrated. The purpose of my thesis work has therefore focused on these metabolic perturbations and their effects on signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis. In order to characterize the influence of metabolic disturbances on the signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, we compared the influence of acute exercises. We realized two protocols to investigate the influence of metabolic disturbances. The first study compared three intermittent exercises in order to identify the optimal duty-cycle duration to induce the biggest metabolic disturbances and to compare metabolic responses of intermittent and continuous exercise performed at 70%WRpic. The second protocol evaluated the influence of the repetition of metabolic disturbances on signalling pathways involved in mitochondrial biogenesis.In order to identify the duty-cycle duration producing more metabolic fluctuations, we analysed the changes of oxygen consumption and quantified metabolic variations. We used three parameters: 1) a quantitative parameter, 2) a qualitative parameter, and 3) an index combining quantitative and qualitative parameters. Comparison of three different duty-cycle durations (30s work:30s passive recovery; 60s:60s, and 120s:120s) revealed that the 60s:60s modality induces more metabolic fluctuations for a same energy expenditure.Our second study compared 30 minutes of pedalling at 70%WRpic realized by two different modalities: continuous (30min 1 block) and intermittent (30 1min block interspersed by 1min of passive recovery). Repetition of transitions from rest to exercise during the intermittent exercise creates higher metabolic disturbances and leads to a higher phosphorylation of AMPK, p38 MAPK and CaMKII. These kinases are upstream of PGC-1α, an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. All together, these results demonstrate that metabolic disturbances are involved in mitochondrial signalling pathways activation.This work opens up new perspectives on exercise training prescription for sedentary or chronic pathology people. Future work will aim to confirm our results in chronic interventions and explore these effects in different populations
Beilschmidt, Lena Kristina. "Evidences for the non-redundant function of A-type proteins ISCA1 and ISCA2 in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAJ031/document.
Iron-sulfur clusters (Fe-S) are essential cofactors involved in different cellular processes ranging from DNA metabolism to respiration. Assembly of Fe-S clusters and their insertion into acceptor proteins is performed by dedicated protein machineries. Despite the high conservation from bacteria to man, different functional and mechanistic aspects of the Fe-S biogenesis remain elusive. In the present work, the function of the two mammalian A-type proteins ISCA1 and ISCA2 that are implicated in Fe-S biogenesis was investigated in vivo. First, an extensive analysis coupling immunoprecipitations and mass spectrometry led to the identification of a direct binding between ISCA1 and ISCA2 as well as specific protein partners of each protein. Furthermore, knockdown experiments in the mouse using adeno-associated virus provided clear evidence of the non-redundant function of ISCA1 and ISCA2, since only ISCA1 was shown to be required for a specific subset of mitochondrial Fe-S proteins
Porez, Geoffrey. "Nouvelles propriétés hépatiques des récepteurs nucléaires FXR et Rev-Erb Alpha." Thesis, Lille 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL2S015/document.
Orosomucoïdes, members of the superfamily of lipocalines, are among proteins plasmatiques the most plentiful. They are proteins of the acute(sharp) phase of the inflammation secreted by hépatocytes in answer to a stress (inflammation, cancer, cirrhosis), and usually used in private hospital as marker(scorer) of a pathological state. They go during an inflammatory state to inhibit the proliferation of neutrophiles and lymphocytes. I was able to show that the nuclear receiver FXR, implied(involved) in numerous metabolic ways and more recently as having an anti-inflammatory role in the liver, regulates the expression of orosomucoïdes exclusively at the hepatic level to the mouse. (...]
Berrabah, Wahiba. "Régulation du récepteur nucléaire Farnesoid X Receptor par la voie de biosynthèse des hexosamines." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01001901.
Przybyla-Toscano, Jonathan. "Étude des protéines NFU, ISCA et FDX, impliquées dans la maturation des centres fer-soufre dans les mitochondries d’Arabidopsis thaliana." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0127.
In plants, iron-sulfur (Fe-S) proteins are involved in crucial processes such as photosynthesis and respiration. The maturation of these proteins requires the de novo synthesis of their Fe-S clusters through dedicated assembly machineries. Plants have three Fe-S cluster assembly machineries, namely SUF, ISC and CIA, devoted to the maturation of plastidial, mitochondrial and nuclear or cytosolic proteins, respectively. During the mitochondrial Fe-S protein maturation, a [2Fe-2S] cluster is first assembled on the ISU scaffold protein then transferred to target proteins with the help of chaperones and various transfer proteins. If these steps are sufficient for the maturation of [2Fe-2S] proteins, a reductive coupling process of two [2Fe-2S] clusters is required for the maturation of [4Fe-4S] proteins. This conversion needs transfer proteins and an electrons donor, potentially the same ferredoxin which acts during the first step of the Fe-S cluster biogenesis for sulfur reduction. By combining molecular, biochemical and genetic approaches, the involvement of NFU and ISCA transfer protein and mitochondrial ferredoxin (mFDX) in the late transfer and conversion steps has been explored during this PhD project by using the Arabidopsis thaliana plant model. Yeast complementation experiments have demonstrated that plant NFU and ISCA proteins have functions similar to their respective orthologs, suggesting that these late steps are conserved. However, unlike yeast, the characterization of nfu mutant lines indicates that both proteins are essential for early embryonic development. At the molecular level, in vivo and in vitro approaches have shown an interaction between ISCA1a or ISCA1b and ISCA2, NFU4 and NFU5 but no interaction with the two mFDX whose participation in the late steps remains uncertain. The formation of ISCA1-ISCA2 holo-heterocomplexes has been confirmed by co-expression in E. coli and purification of recombinant proteins. Overall, the literature and results obtained here highlight a model where ISCA1/2 heterocomplexes would act immediately downstream of NFU proteins which would a minima allow [4Fe-4S] cluster maturation of the lipoate synthase. This sole partner could primarily explain the lethality of a nfu4 x nfu5 double mutant because the activity of several proteins central for the mitochondrial metabolism depends on lipoic acid
Enache, Irina. "Retentissement musculaire cardiaque et périphérique de l'hypertension artérielle pulmonaire induite par la monocrotaline chez le rat : dysfonction mitochondriale et effet de l'exercice excentrique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00923151.
Gerelli, Sébastien. "Optimisation de la prise en charge des coeurs univentriculaires : approche chirurgicale et énergétique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ106.
Univentricular hearts are congenital heart diseases, not compatible with life. Fontan transformed the prognosis of these patients by restoring a passive pulmonary circulation. Unfortunately, the long-term prognosis remains pejorative. To reduce the morbidity and mortality of these patients, we developed a surgical preconditioning protocol, allowing a percutaneous Fontan totalization, adaptive to pulmonary resistance and to the working capacity of the ventricle. We observed that the mitochondrial respiratory chains do not have the ability to adapt their energy production toward work. The desequilibrium of the Nitroso-redox balance will generate mitohormesis and hormesis, then will inevitably occur a poorly adaptive myocardial remodeling. The only way to improve the long-term prognosis of these patients is to increase the myocardial oxidative capacities of the single ventricle or to create a pulmonary pump
Haut, Sandrine. "Déficit en complexe III de la chaîne respiratoire mitochondriale : étude de cinq cas." Paris 5, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA05P630.
The ubiquinol-cytochrome c réductase (complex III of mitochondrial respiratory chain) deficiencies could be attibuated to mitochondrial or nuclear genetic origin. We identified 5 patients with an isolated complex III (CIII) deficiency. A molecular abnormality was found in two cases. In the first, an homoplasmic mutation was found in the mitochondrial cytochrome b (cytb) gene, the patient have a staturo-ponderal delay. The mutation was also present in two healthy individuals of family members. Studies carried out in vitro confirmed the pathogenic role of the mutation, already considered as a cardiomyopathy generating mutation in a previously reported case. In the second patient, we describe, for the first time, a mutation located in a nuclear gene encoding a structural subunit of CIII : the HUMQPC gene encoding the human ubiquinone-binding protein. This mutation induces a full reduction in cytb content and consequently destabilizes the CIII