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Статті в журналах з теми "Modelling. Blank diameter"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Youcan, Yan, and Duan Yugang. "A finite element method of modelling and designing of an ACCC conductor." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 01005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815301005.

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The ultimate breaking strength of conductors always plays a vital role in the long-term safe operation of transmission lines and it should be carefully considered in the designing of a conductor. While limited literature has been released regarding the strength calculation of ACCC (Aluminum Conductor Composite Core) conductors. In this study, a finite element method based on real conductor samples is proposed to evaluate the strength of the ACCC conductor, and investigate on how diameters (or sectional areas) of the composite core and aluminum strands influence the conductors’ breaking strengt

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2

Carter, Adrian J., Kelin Chen, and Yannis P. Korkolis. "Experiments and simulations of the drawing envelope of commercially pure aluminum." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1284, no. 1 (2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1284/1/012031.

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Abstract The range of blank-holding force (BHF) for which deep drawing of AA1100-H24 is successful is investigated using a combination of experiments and simulations. The experiments involve circular blanks of three different diameters: 35 mm, 37 mm and 40 mm. The thickness of the blanks is 0.51 mm. These are drawn with a punch of 20 mm diameter, i.e., at drawing ratios of 1.75, 1.85 and 2.0, respectively, using a custom, modular forming apparatus where the BHF can be controlled at will, between 0 and 2,400 N. The experiments are performed in an Instron 8872 servo-hydraulic frame that allows p

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3

Mrs., C. Sucharitha1 Dr. J. SureshKumar2. "ANALYSIS OF DEEP DRAWING PROCESS FOR VARIOUS PARAMETERS USING FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING SCIENCES & RESEARCH TECHNOLOGY 6, no. 11 (2017): 400–408. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1054621.

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The main objective of this paper is to find the most effective parameters in deep drawing process to produce a cup of required shape and size. Limit Drawing Ratio is one of the parameters that indicate the drawability of material. It is defined as the ratio of blank diameter to punch diameter at the onset of tearing. Deep drawing products in modern industries usually have a complicated shape, so these have to undergo several successive operations to obtain a final desired shape. In this work the effect of various parameters like die and punch corner radii, clearance, friction coefficient betwe

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4

Oleg, Markov, Kosilov Maksym, Panov Volodymyr, et al. "MODELING AND IMPROVEMENT OF SADDLING A STEPPED HOLLOW WORKPIECE WITH A PROFILED TOOL." Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 6, no. 1 (102) (2019): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2019.183663.

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A new technological process of forging massive stepped hollow rings has been investigated based on modeling. This process implies the saddling of a hollow blank with a stepped deforming tool. We have devised a procedure of experimental modelling based on the law of geometrical similarity. The procedure makes it possible to establish regularities of change in the shape of a hollow workpiece and in the formation of surface defects while deforming with a stepped tool. The varied parameter was a relative height of the ledge (diameter ratio) of the original workpiece. Based on the research results,

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5

Merklein, Marion, and Martin Grüner. "Mechanical Behaviour of Ceramic Beads Used as Medium for Hydroforming at Elevated Temperatures." Key Engineering Materials 410-411 (March 2009): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.410-411.61.

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The need of light weight construction for high efficient vehicles leads to the use of new materials like aluminium and magnesium alloys or high strength and ultra high strength steels. At elevated temperatures the formability of steel increases as the flow stresses decrease. Forming high complex geometries like chassis components or components of the exhaust system of vehicles can be done by hydroforming. The hydroforming process by oils is limited to temperatures of approximately 300 °C and brings disadvantages of possible leakage and fouling. Using granular material like small ceramic beads

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6

Hashim Al-Khalaf, Safaa K., Ahmed Samir Naje, Zaid Abed Al-Ridah, and Haider M. Zwain. "Environmental Modelling of Ionic Mass Transfer Coefficient in a Unique Electrocoagulation Reactor." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 4 (2022): 1587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i04.011.

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Ionic mass transfer in a novel electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) using a rotating impeller anode is studied experimentally using the limiting current density method. The CFD simulation is also conducted for characterizing the novel electrocoagulation reactor (ECR) and validating the experimental study of ionic mass transfer. Variables included rotational speed and anode diameter. The Bland-Altman method was used to verify the accuracy of experimental and simulation results. Data for the condition 11852 < Re < 58550 and 88 < Sc < 285 were found to fit the equation for the largest dia

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7

Tinkham, Wade T., Mike A. Battaglia, and Chad M. Hoffman. "Evaluating Long-Term Seedling Growth Across Densities Using Nelder Plots and the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) in the Black Hills, South Dakota, USA." Forest Science 67, no. 4 (2021): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab009.

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Abstract Small-tree development affects future stand dynamics and dictates many ecological processes within a site. Accurately representing this critical component of stand development is important for evaluating treatment alternatives from fuel hazard reduction to harvest scheduling. As with all forest growth, competition with other vegetation is known to regulate small-tree growth dynamics. This study uses three Nelder plots with 45 years of ponderosa pine growth to understand competition effects on seedling growth and evaluate the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) Central Rockies (CR) varia

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8

Heiðarsson, Lárus, Timo Pukkala, and Arnór Snorrason. "Models for simulating the temporal development of black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera L. ssp. trichocarpa (Torr. & Gray ex Hook.) Brayshaw) plantations in Iceland." Icelandic Agricultural Sciences 37 (2024): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.16886/ias.2024.03.

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Black cottonwood (Populus balsamifera ssp. trichocarpa) was initially introduced to Iceland in 1944 from the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska and has been widely planted in shelterbelts and afforestation projects since the 1980s. There is currently much interest in increasing the planting of black cottonwood, especially in carbon sequestration projects, because of its rapid growth at an early age. Growth models simulate the growth of a forest over time and are important tools for forest managers, researchers, and policymakers. This study presents, for the first time, site index, individual-tree diame

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9

Anderson, Brian D., Marcella A. Windmuller-Campione, Matthew B. Russell, Brian J. Palik, and Douglas N. Kastendick. "Short- and Long-Term Results of Alternative Silviculture in Peatland Black Spruce in Minnesota, USA." Forest Science 66, no. 2 (2019): 256–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxz078.

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Abstract Across the boreal forest in North America, the black spruce (Picea mariana) cover type is ecologically and economically important, occupying roughly 10 percent of Minnesota’s, USA 17.4 million acres (7.0 million hectares) of forestland. Traditionally managed through clearcut regeneration harvests, alternative silvicultural systems are being increasingly used in Canada. Here, we examine the 10- and 57-year effects of six silvicultural treatments (clearcut strips, clearcut patches, thinning, group selection, single-tree selection, shelterwood) on stand structure and dynamics in lowland

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10

Duchateau, E., F. Longuetaud, F. Mothe, C. Ung, D. Auty, and A. Achim. "Modelling knot morphology as a function of external tree and branch attributes." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 43, no. 3 (2013): 266–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2012-0365.

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Existing models for describing knot morphology are typically based on polynomial functions with parameters that are often not biologically interpretable. Hence, they are difficult to integrate into tree growth simulators due to the limited possibilities for linking knot shape to external branch and tree characteristics. X-ray computed tomography (CT) images taken along the stems of 16 jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) trees and 32 black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.) trees were used to extract the three-dimensional shape of 3450 and 11 276 knots from each species, respectively. Using a

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11

Abella, Scott R., LaRae A. Sprow, and Timothy A. Schetter. "Delayed Tree Mortality After Prescribed Fires in Mixed Oak Forests in Northwestern Ohio." Forest Science 67, no. 4 (2021): 412–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab022.

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Abstract Delayed tree mortality can contribute to variability in fire effects in forests, but its prevalence is not well understood in eastern North American oak forests where a management goal is using prescribed fire to shape forest density and composition. To assess potential delayed mortality after prescribed fires, we tracked the fates of 690 trees of four species in burned and 542 trees in unburned oak forests in northwestern Ohio, USA, and modeled survival using tree diameter and bole char. Delayed mortality, occurring 3–4 growing seasons after fire and in addition to initial mortality

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12

Stocks, B. J., M. E. Alexander, B. M. Wotton, et al. "Crown fire behaviour in a northern jack pine black spruce forest." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34, no. 8 (2004): 1548–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x04-054.

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This paper reports on the behaviour of 10 experimental crown fires conducted between 1997 and 2000 during the International Crown Fire Modelling Experiment (ICFME) in Canada's Northwest Territories. The primary goal of ICFME was a replicated series of high-intensity crown fires designed to validate and improve existing theoretical and empirical models of crown fire behaviour. Fire behaviour characteristics were typical for fully developed boreal forest crown fires, with fires advancing at 1570 m/min, consuming significant quantities of fuel (2.85.5 kg/m2) and releasing vast amounts of therma

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13

Stankova, Tatiana, Proletka Dimitrova, Veselka Gyuleva, and Penka Stefanova. "Height–diameter relationship of plantation-grown juvenile black locust trees is differentiated according to their growth rate, which is positively affected by spacing." Folia Forestalia Polonica 64, no. 4 (2022): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2022-0019.

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Abstract The main objective of this study was to explore the height–diameter relationship of plantation-grown juvenile black locust trees and to clarify if the tree height can be adequately predicted at stand level from the breast-height diameter and which is the most appropriate functional form; if the predictions can be expanded to a wider region by mixed-effects modelling and which is the most relevant level for model localisation; if the random parameter components can be calibrated with stand-level variables and which of them is an appropriate predictor. We first fitted seven one-predicto

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14

Newton, P. F., Y. Lei, and S. Y. Zhang. "A parameter recovery model for estimating black spruce diameter distributions within the context of a stand density management diagram." Forestry Chronicle 80, no. 3 (2004): 349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc80349-3.

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The objectives of this study were to develop and subsequently demonstrate a parameter prediction approach for estimating black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill. ) BSP) diameter frequency distributions within the context of a stand density management diagram (SDMD). The approach consisted of three sequential steps: (1) obtaining maximum likelihood estimates for the location, scale and shape parameters of the Weibull probability density function for 153 empirical diameter frequency distributions; (2) developing and evaluating parameter prediction equations in which the Weibull parameter estimates wer

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15

Fortin, Mathieu, Jean Bégin, and Louis Bélanger. "Les coupes partielles : une alternative à la coupe à blanc dans les peuplements mixtes de sapin baumier et d'épinette rouge en termes de rendement." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 5 (2003): 948–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79948-5.

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A non-linear model is proposed to describe the growth evolution in mixedwood stands composed of balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) and red spruce (Picea rubens Sarg.) following a diameter-limit cutting. All softwood stems having a stump diameter equal to or greater than 18 cm were removed during this cutting. The model approach considers the entire stand where the volumes of the two main species, balsam fir and red spruce, were individually modeled. The model was also calibrated for two forest sites identified using Heimburger (1941) forest sites plant index: Cornus and Oxalis-Cornus. On a

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16

Nobis, Christian, Marco Mancini, and Michael Fischlschweiger. "Modelling Binder Degradation in the Thermal Treatment of Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries by Coupling Discrete Element Method and Isoconversional Kinetics." Batteries 10, no. 2 (2024): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/batteries10020063.

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Developing efficient recycling processes with high recycling quotas for the recovery of graphite and other critical raw materials contained in LIBs is essential and prudent. This action holds the potential to substantially diminish the supply risk of raw materials for LIBs and enhance the sustainability of their production. An essential processing step in LIB recycling involves the thermal treatment of black mass to degrade the binder. This step is crucial as it enhances the recycling efficiency in subsequent processes, such as flotation and leaching-based processing. Therefore, this paper int

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17

Wagers, Steven, Guillermo Castilla, Michelle Filiatrault, and G. Arturo Sanchez-Azofeifa. "Using TLS-Measured Tree Attributes to Estimate Aboveground Biomass in Small Black Spruce Trees." Forests 12, no. 11 (2021): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12111521.

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Research Highlights: This study advances the effort to accurately estimate the biomass of trees in peatlands, which cover 13% of Canada’s land surface. Background and Objectives: Trees remove carbon from the atmosphere and store it as biomass. Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has become a useful tool for modelling forest structure and estimating the above ground biomass (AGB) of trees. Allometric equations are often used to estimate individual tree AGB as a function of height and diameter at breast height (DBH), but these variables can often be laborious to measure using traditional methods. T

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18

Bazaluk, Oleg, Kateryna Sai, Vasyl Lozynskyi, Mykhailo Petlovanyi, and Pavlo Saik. "Research into Dissociation Zones of Gas Hydrate Deposits with a Heterogeneous Structure in the Black Sea." Energies 14, no. 5 (2021): 1345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051345.

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Ukraine is an energy-dependent country, with less that 50% of its energy consumption fulfilled by its own resources. Natural gas is of paramount importance, especially for industry and society. Therefore, there is an urgent need to search for alternative and potential energy sources, such as gas hydrate deposits in the Black Sea, which can reduce the consumption of imported gas. It is necessary to refine the process parameters of the dissociation of gas hydrate deposits with a heterogeneous structure. The analyzed known geological–geophysical data devoted to the study of the offshore area and

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19

Huang, L., S. L. Gong, M. Gordon, et al. "Aerosol-CFD modelling of ultrafine and black carbon particle emission, dilution, and growth near roadways." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 8 (2014): 12235–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-12235-2014.

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Abstract. Many studies have shown that on-road vehicle emissions are the dominant source of ultrafine particles (UFP; diameter < 100 nm) in urban areas and near-roadway environments. In order to advance our knowledge on the complex interactions and competition among atmospheric dilution, dispersion and dynamics of UFPs, an aerosol dynamics-CFD coupled model is developed and validated against field measurements. A unique approach of applying periodic boundary conditions is proposed to model pollutant dispersion and dynamics in one unified domain from the tailpipe level to the ambient near-ro

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20

Wang, Y., and C. Jacobsen. "Modeling of dissolution and resolution in contact x-ray microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 62–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168049.

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Contact x-ray microscopy or microradiography offers a simple-to-use approach to high resolution imaging of wet, thick biological specimens. One great advantage of the technique is that it can be usedwith short pulse, incoherent x-ray sources such as laser produced plasmas, and polymer replicas or direct AFM viewing are promising new approaches to image readout. However, it has long been pointed outthat issues such as diffraction blurring over finite sample-to-resist spacing, shot noise in the exposure, and sidecutting during development must be considered in evaluating contact x-ray microradio

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21

Harris, Olivia K., Alexandra C. N. Kingston, Caitlin S. Wolfe, Soumitra Ghoshroy, Sönke Johnsen, and Daniel I. Speiser. "Core–shell nanospheres behind the blue eyes of the bay scallop Argopecten irradians." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 16, no. 159 (2019): 20190383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0383.

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The bay scallop Argopecten irradians (Mollusca: Bivalvia) has dozens of iridescent blue eyes that focus light using mirror-based optics. Here, we test the hypothesis that these eyes appear blue because of photonic nanostructures that preferentially scatter short-wavelength light. Using transmission electron microscopy, we found that the epithelial cells covering the eyes of A. irradians have three distinct layers: an outer layer of microvilli, a middle layer of random close-packed nanospheres and an inner layer of pigment granules. The nanospheres are approximately 180 nm in diameter and consi

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22

Romshoo, Baseerat, Mira Pöhlker, Alfred Wiedensohler, et al. "Importance of size representation and morphology in modelling optical properties of black carbon: comparison between laboratory measurements and model simulations." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 15, no. 23 (2022): 6965–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-15-6965-2022.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) from incomplete combustion of biomass or fossil fuels is the strongest absorbing aerosol component in the atmosphere. Optical properties of BC are essential in climate models for quantification of their impact on radiative forcing. The global climate models, however, consider BC to be spherical particles, which causes uncertainties in their optical properties. Based on this, an increasing number of model-based studies provide databases and parameterization schemes for the optical properties of BC, using more realistic fractal aggregate morphologies. In this study, t

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23

de Obeso, Juan Carlos, and Peter B. Kelemen. "Major element mobility during serpentinization, oxidation and weathering of mantle peridotite at low temperatures." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 378, no. 2165 (2020): 20180433. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0433.

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Mantle peridotite in Wadi Fins in eastern Oman exhibits three concentric alteration zones with oxide and sulfide mineralogy recording gradients in f O 2 and f S 2 (fugacity) of more than 20 orders of magnitude over 15–20 cm. The black cores of samples (approx. 5 cm in diameter) exhibit incomplete, nearly isochemical serpentinization, with relict primary mantle minerals (olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene) along with sulfide assemblages (pentlandite/heazlewoodite/bornite) recording low f O 2 and moderate f S 2 . In addition to the black cores, two alteration zones are evident from their c

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24

Amorim, A., M. Bauböck, W. Brandner, et al. "The spatially resolved broad line region of IRAS 09149−6206." Astronomy & Astrophysics 643 (November 2020): A154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039067.

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We present new near-infrared VLTI/GRAVITY interferometric spectra that spatially resolve the broad Brγ emission line in the nucleus of the active galaxy IRAS 09149−6206. We use these data to measure the size of the broad line region (BLR) and estimate the mass of the central black hole. Using an improved phase calibration method that reduces the differential phase uncertainty to 0.05° per baseline across the spectrum, we detect a differential phase signal that reaches a maximum of ∼0.5° between the line and continuum. This represents an offset of ∼120 μas (0.14 pc) between the BLR and the cent

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Janssen, Mathijs, Christian Pedersen, and Timur Aslyamov. "Continuum and Equivalent Circuit Modelling of Porous Electrode Charging." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 60 (2023): 2907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02602907mtgabs.

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The flow of electrolytes through pores is important in various fields of science and technology. Examples range from axons in the brain and plasmodesmata in plant cells to energy storage in batteries and supercapacitors. In the porous carbon electrodes of supercapacitors, ions move over micrometers through macropores until they arrive at nanopores, forming so-called electrical double layers. In this presentation, I discuss several models for this multi-scale charging process. First, I present analytical [1] and finite-element solutions [2,3] to the Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equation for the

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26

Bafna, Tanya, Per Bækgaard, and John Paulin Hansen. "Mental fatigue prediction during eye-typing." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (2021): e0246739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246739.

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Mental fatigue is a common problem associated with neurological disorders. Until now, there has not been a method to assess mental fatigue on a continuous scale. Camera-based eye-typing is commonly used for communication by people with severe neurological disorders. We designed a working memory-based eye-typing experiment with 18 healthy participants, and obtained eye-tracking and typing performance data in addition to their subjective scores on perceived effort for every sentence typed and mental fatigue, to create a model of mental fatigue for eye-typing. The features of the model were the e

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Xu, Xuezhe, Weixiong Zhao, Xiaodong Qian, et al. "The influence of photochemical aging on light absorption of atmospheric black carbon and aerosol single-scattering albedo." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 23 (2018): 16829–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-16829-2018.

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Abstract. Coating enhancement of black carbon (BC) light absorption (Eabs) is a large uncertainty in modelling direct radiative forcing (DRF) by BC. Reported Eabs values after atmospheric aging vary widely and the mechanisms responsible for enhancing BC absorption remain elusive. Here, we report on the direct field measurement of size-resolved mixing state, Eabs, and aerosol single-scattering albedo (SSA) at λ = 532 nm at a rural site in east China from June to July 2016. Strong diurnal variability of Eabs, SSA, and Ox (Ox = NO2 + O3, a proxy for atmospheric photochemical aging) was observed.

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Romshoo, Baseerat, Thomas Müller, Sascha Pfeifer, et al. "Optical properties of coated black carbon aggregates: numerical simulations, radiative forcing estimates, and size-resolved parameterization scheme." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 17 (2021): 12989–3010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-12989-2021.

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Abstract. The formation of black carbon fractal aggregates (BCFAs) from combustion and subsequent ageing involves several stages resulting in modifications of particle size, morphology, and composition over time. To understand and quantify how each of these modifications influences the BC radiative forcing, the optical properties of BCFAs are modelled. Owing to the high computational time involved in numerical modelling, there are some gaps in terms of data coverage and knowledge regarding how optical properties of coated BCFAs vary over the range of different factors (size, shape, and composi

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29

Thangavel, Sathies, and Senthil Ponnusamy. "Application of 3D printed polymer composite as capacitive sensor." Sensor Review 40, no. 1 (2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-08-2019-0198.

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the usage of three-dimensionally (3D) printed polylactic acid (PLA)-carbon black (CB) conductive polymer composite in the measurement of the void fraction and liquid level. Design/methodology/approach PLA-CB conductive polymer composite is 3D printed through fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique and used as a capacitive sensor for void fraction measurement and liquid level sensing. The sensitivity of 3D printed ring and concave type capacitive sensors are compared for void fraction measurement. The effect of electrode length, thickness a

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30

Liu, Yingying, Xueyan Zhao, Jing Wang, et al. "A Comprehensive 2018-Based Vehicle Emission Inventory and Its Spatial–Temporal Characteristics in the Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration, China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 4 (2022): 2033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042033.

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Rapid economic expansion and urbanisation have seriously affected the atmospheric environmental quality of the Central Liaoning Urban Agglomeration (CLUA). This study aimed to establish a detailed vehicle emission inventory of the CLUA with a 3 km × 3 km gridded spatiotemporal distribution. A top-down methodology using vehicle kilometres travelled annually, emission factors, and activity data of each city was established. Carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than

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Sharma, Mahadev, John Parton, Murray Woods, et al. "Ontario's forest growth and yield modelling program: Advances resulting from the Forestry Research Partnership." Forestry Chronicle 84, no. 5 (2008): 694–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc84694-5.

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The province of Ontario holds approximately 70.2 million hectares of forests: about 17% of Canada’s and 2% of the world’s forests. Approximately 21 million hectares are managed as commercial forests, with an annual harvest in the early part of the decade approaching 200 000 ha. Yield tables developed by Walter Plonski in the 1950s provide the basis for most wood supply calculations and growth projections in Ontario. However, due to changes in legislation, policy, and the planning process, they no longer fully meet the needs of resource managers. Furthermore, Plonski`s tables are not appropriat

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Viskov, M. V., A. G. Nikolaev, S. K. Obyden, G. V. Saparin, and S. M. Meleshkin. "Modelling of the electron beam scattering by fine-dispersed structures and calculation of topographical contrast of cathodoluminescent images in the SEM." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 4 (1990): 890–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100177581.

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A three-dimensional model of the scattering of a high-energy electron beam in a fine-dispersed structure (FDS) is developed. The model is intended for calculating, by the Monte-Carlo method, the color and black-and-white contrast of the image formed in the course of investigations of powdered structures in the cathodoluminescence (CL) mode in the SEM. The theory is developed in the approximation of an infinitely thin electron beam, which limits the minimum sizes of FDS crystals by the value of the order of 10μm under the experimental conditions (the electron beam diameter of 0.8 to 1.0 μm).The

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33

Brooks, James, Dantong Liu, James D. Allan, et al. "Black carbon physical and optical properties across northern India during pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 20 (2019): 13079–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13079-2019.

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is known to have major impacts on both climate and human health and is therefore of global importance, particularly in regions close to large populations that have strong sources. The size-resolved mixing state of BC-containing particles was characterised using a single-particle soot photometer (SP2). The study focusses on the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) during the pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons. Data presented are from the UK Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements BAe-146 research aircraft that performed flights during the pre-monsoon (11 and 12 June) and mo

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34

Stacey, H. R., A. Lafontaine, and J. P. McKean. "Smoke on the water: CO and H2O in a circumnuclear disc around a quasar at redshift 2.64." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 4 (2020): 5290–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa494.

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ABSTRACT We present an analysis of observations with the Atacama Large (sub-)Millimetre Array (ALMA) of the 380 GHz water emission line and CO (11–10) emission line from MG J0414+0534, a gravitationally lensed dusty star-forming galaxy that hosts a type 1 quasar. We also present observations at 1.6 GHz with global very long baseline interferometry of the radio source. We confirm the previously reported detection of the 380 GHz water line and that the flux density ratio between the two merging lensed images is reversed with respect to the radio/mm continuum. We further find tentative evidence o

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35

Paasonen, Pauli, Kaarle Kupiainen, Zbigniew Klimont, Antoon Visschedijk, Hugo A. C. Denier van der Gon, and Markus Amann. "Continental anthropogenic primary particle number emissions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 16, no. 11 (2016): 6823–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6823-2016.

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Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol particle number concentrations impact our climate and health in ways different from those of aerosol mass concentrations. However, the global, current and future anthropogenic particle number emissions and their size distributions are so far poorly known. In this article, we present the implementation of particle number emission factors and the related size distributions in the GAINS (Greenhouse Gas–Air Pollution Interactions and Synergies) model. This implementation allows for global estimates of particle number emissions under different future scenarios, consist

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36

Duc, Hiep Nguyen, Kristina Shingles, Stephen White, et al. "Spatial-Temporal Pattern of Black Carbon (BC) Emission from Biomass Burning and Anthropogenic Sources in New South Wales and the Greater Metropolitan Region of Sydney, Australia." Atmosphere 11, no. 6 (2020): 570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11060570.

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Biomass burnings either due to Hazards Reduction Burnings (HRBs) in late autumn and early winter or bushfires during summer periods in various part of the world (e.g., CA, USA or New South Wales, Australia) emit large amount of gaseous pollutants and aerosols. The emissions, under favourable meteorological conditions, can cause elevated atmospheric particulate concentrations in metropolitan areas and beyond. One of the pollutants of concern is black carbon (BC), which is a component of aerosol particles. BC is harmful to health and acts as a radiative forcing agent in increasing the global war

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Köllner, Franziska, Johannes Schneider, Megan D. Willis, et al. "Chemical composition and source attribution of sub-micrometre aerosol particles in the summertime Arctic lower troposphere." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 8 (2021): 6509–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-6509-2021.

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Abstract. Aerosol particles impact the Arctic climate system both directly and indirectly by modifying cloud properties, yet our understanding of their vertical distribution, chemical composition, mixing state, and sources in the summertime Arctic is incomplete. In situ vertical observations of particle properties in the high Arctic combined with modelling analysis on source attribution are in short supply, particularly during summer. We thus use airborne measurements of aerosol particle composition to demonstrate the strong contrast between particle sources and composition within and above th

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Mudhar, Rajveer, Andiol Mucolli, Jim Ford, Cristian Lira, and Hamed Yazdani Yazdani Nezhad. "Electrical and Magnetic Properties of 3D Printed Integrated Conductive Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites for Sustainable Electronics Development." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 11 (2022): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6110345.

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This article reports research on the development and implementation of new methods for structurally integrated and recyclable polymer based electronic products via multi-head fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing. The focus of this research is to propose an efficient FDM-3D printing process utilising multiple filaments with no interruption of the process to ensure the multi-material electronic product achieved is structurally integrated. Such research is an attempt towards development of recyclable rigid electronic structures via multi-material 3D printing, i.e., multiple conductive nan

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39

Chubarova, Natalia E., Heike Vogel, Elizaveta E. Androsova, et al. "Columnar and surface urban aerosol in the Moscow megacity according to measurements and simulations with the COSMO-ART model." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 22, no. 16 (2022): 10443–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-22-10443-2022.

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Abstract. Urban aerosol pollution was analyzed over the Moscow megacity region using the COSMO-ART (COSMO – COnsortium for Small-scale MOdelling, ART – Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) online coupled mesoscale model system and intensive measurement campaigns at the Moscow State University Meteorological Observatory (MSU MO, 55.707∘ N, 37.522∘ E) during the April–May period in 2018 and 2019. We analyzed mass concentrations of particulate matter with diameters smaller than 10 µm (PM10), black carbon (BC) and aerosol gas precursors (NOx, SO2, CHx) as well as columnar aerosol parameters for fine

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40

Raimbault, Vincent, and Olvera Raul Sanchez. "Openprobe: a frugal multiparameter probe for marine and continental waters monitoring." ARPHA Conference Abstracts 8 (May 28, 2025): e151405. https://doi.org/10.3897/aca.8.e151405.

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Aquatic ecosystems need accurate observation to understand its trajectory in a context of increasing anthropogenic pressure and climate change. These environments are however undersampled in many areas (Brewin et al. 2017, Kirchner et al. 2004): acquiring essential variables at relevant spatial and temporal resolution is often not compatible with traditional methods of sample collection followed by laboratory analysis, but field-deployable or in-situ systems are either too expensive, too complicated to be used by non-trained users or even non-existent. In an effort to propose an alternative in

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41

Basile, Sara, Essyrose Mathew, Ida Genta, Bice Conti, Rossella Dorati, and Dimitrios A. Lamprou. "Optimization of FDM 3D printing process parameters to produce haemodialysis curcumin-loaded vascular grafts." Drug Delivery and Translational Research, October 12, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13346-021-01078-2.

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Abstract3D printing has provided a new prospective in the manufacturing of personalized medical implants, including fistulas for haemodialysis (HD). In the current study, an optimized fused modelling deposition (FDM) 3D printing method has been validated, for the first time, to obtain cylindrical shaped fistulas. Printing parameters were evaluated for the manufacturing of fistulas using blank and 0.25% curcumin-loaded filaments that were produced by hot melt extrusion (HME). Four different fistula types have been designed and characterized using a variety of physicochemical characterization me

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42

Stankova, Tatiana, Friday N. Ogana, and Proletka Dimitrova. "Modelling Differently Defined Dominant Stand Diameters of Monospecific Forest Plantations." Croatian journal of forest engineering 46, no. 1 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.5552/crojfe.2025.2505.

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Quadratic mean diameter is a widely used stand parameter present in the stand inventory summaries, while the top stand diameter is rarely reported in the literature, mainly in relation to dominant stand height. Since the dominant stand height is usually determined from the tree height-diameter curve of the stand, it is important how the top tree assemblage, used to estimate dominant diameter, is defined. The main objective of our study was to assess the bias between differently defined dominant diameter estimates for monospecific plantations of various species, to model the dominant diameter a

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Bronisz, Karol, and Michał Zasada. "Taper models for black locust in west Poland." Silva Fennica 54, no. 5 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.14214/sf.10351.

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The diameter at any point on a stem and tree volume are some of the most important types of information used in forest management planning. One of the methods to predict the diameter at any point on a stem is to develop taper models. Black locust ( L.) occurs in almost all forests in Poland, with the largest concentration in the western part of the country. Using empirical data obtained from 13 black locust stands (48 felled trees), seven taper models with different numbers of estimated parameters were analysed for section diameters both over and under bark using fixed and mixed-effects modell

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44

Kuprikov, M. P., R. D. Karelin, K. E. Akopyan, and V. S. Yusupov. "Compaction of metal powders by direct extrusion without using shell." Blanking productions in mechanical engineering (press forging, foundry and other productions), 2024, 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.36652/1684-1107-2024-22-6-256-262.

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A new approach to the production of blanks made of metallic powder using direct extrusion without the use of a shell is presented. Computer modelling of the extrusion process being developed using 10R6M5-MP high-speed steel powder in the QForm3D software package is conducted. A technological tooling for extrusion of metal powder with the use of a removable reusable cup instead of a traditional shell is developed. Based on the simulation results, it is established that the technological parameters of the extrusion process, determining the drawing ratio, significantly influence the distribution

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45

Rijal, Baburam, and Mahadev Sharma. "Modelling diameter at breast height distribution of jack pine and black spruce natural stands in eastern Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research, December 22, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2023-0101.

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Individual tree diameter at breast height (DBH) distribution is an important information for forest management planning. Forest managers obtain the DBH data either by field measurements or estimations using predictive models. However, probability distribution models are still lacking or need improvement. Therefore, we aimed to construct and fit diameter distribution models that reflect forest structure and composition change. We evaluated gamma, log-normal, and Weibull probability distribution functions (PDFs) for two commercially important tree species, black spruce (Picea mariana (Mill) B.S.

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46

Narender, Gorentla, Nimmagadda Leela Prasad, Kode Jaya Prakash, Vuppala Sesha Narasimha Venkata Ramana, Koona Bhavani, and Kaspa Chandra Shekar. "Investigation on punch force–displacement and thickness changes in the shallow drawing of AA2014 aluminium alloy sheets using finite element simulations." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 34, no. 1 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2025-0042.

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Abstract The deep drawing process stands as a pivotal manufacturing method for crafting lightweight and robust automotive components. This study delves into the draw ability traits of AA2014 forged Aluminium sheets through numerical simulation, employing finite element analysis through the PAM-STAMP 2G code to analyse elastoplastic deformation parameters. Utilizing an ideal mesh size alongside three varied levels of blank diameters and five distinct coefficients of friction, a simulation of the drawing process for a 1 mm-thick AA2014 alloy sheet has been conducted. This modelling effort aimed

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47

Aristizabal, John F., Simoneta Negrete-Yankelevich, Rogelio Macías-Ordóñez, Colin A. Chapman, and Juan C. Serio-Silva. "Spatial aggregation of fruits explains food selection in a neotropical primate (Alouatta pigra)." Scientific Reports 9, no. 1 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-55932-y.

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AbstractThe availability and spatial distribution of food resources affect animal behavior and survival. Black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) have a foraging strategy to balance their nutrient intake that involves mixing their consumption of leaves and fruits. The spatial aggregation of food items should impact this strategy, but how it does so is largely unknown. We quantified how leaf and fruit intake combined (here termed food set selection) was spatially aggregated in patches and how food aggregation varied across seasons. Using variograms we estimated patch diameter and with Generalized

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48

Afrin, Misba, and Sushant G. Ghosh. "EHT observables as a tool to estimate parameters of supermassive black holes." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, July 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2085.

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Abstract The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration unveiled event-horizon-scale images of the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) M87* and Sgr A*, revealing a dark brightness depression, namely the black hole shadow, whose shape and size may encode the parameters of the SMBHs, and the shadow is consistent with that of a Kerr black hole. It furnishes another encouraging tool to estimate black hole parameters and test theories of gravity in extreme regions near the event horizon. We propose a technique that uses EHT observables, the angular shadow diameter dsh and the axis ratio $\mathcal {D}

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49

Wilson, Liam J., Thomas E. White, Miles Lamare, Paulina Selvakumaraswamy, and Maria Byrne. "Growth and ontogenetic change in juvenile crown-of-thorns sea star (Acanthaster sp.) morphology: Can morphometrics be used as an aging tool?" Coral Reefs, March 6, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-025-02637-6.

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Abstract The crown-of-thorns sea star (COTS, Acanthaster sp.) is a coral predator that, in population outbreaks, causes major coral loss in Indo-Pacific reefs. Current paradigms explaining the cause of outbreaks focus on the larval and adult stages, while the early herbivorous juvenile stage remains a black box in our understanding of COTS. We followed growth in a large laboratory population of juveniles from settlement to 300 days. Ontogenetic changes in eight traits over time were quantified, including those typically used to track growth in sea stars (total diameter, arm number) and traits

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50

Moreno Chan, Julian, and Fikret Isik. "Genetic Variation in Frost Tolerance, Uromycladium acaciae Rust Resistance, and Growth in an Acacia mearnsii Population." Forest Science, September 6, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forsci/fxab032.

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Abstract Genetic variation in frost tolerance, resistance to the rust fungus Uromycladium acaciae, growth, stem form, and gummosis were evaluated in 110 open-pollinated families of black wattle (Acacia mearnsii De Wild). Families were tested at six frost-prone sites in northern KwaZulu-Natal and southeastern Mpumalanga, South Africa. Frost-hardy provenances were susceptible to rust disease and had poor growth. Locally grown F1 seed sources that originated from cold-hardy Australian seed sources had better growth and were tolerant to rust, but at a cost of lower frost tolerance. Considerable ge

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