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1
Ayvazyan, Y. S. "WORD FORMATION AS A MODERNIZATION TOOL OF MODERN STANDARD ARABIC (FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF ARABIC AND WESTERN LINGUISTS)." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 6(33) (December 28, 2013): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-6-33-263-268.
Анотація:
The current article is devoted to the analysis of word formation processes in Modern Standard Arabic from the point of view of Arabic and Eastern linguists. Due to the fact that modern Arab studies in Russia lack systematic coverage of word-formation processes while existing works – monographs, thesis’s and articles are written about unconnected with each other aspects of this theme, which scrutinize the problem in two ways: by approaching the issue in terms of terminology and by overviewing only methods of word formation, it is interesting to observe the formation of words with general meanings. This paper contains approaches of different foreign linguists to the articulated problem, and also includes the author’s vision on the structure of the Arabic word-formation. In addition to that the article covers the historical periodization of the Arabic lexicon and some linguistic features related to Modern Standard Arabic. The article also describes the main attitude of the Arab linguists to the problem of arabic word formation and names the primary Arabic Linguistic Academies, dedicated to the process of term accumulation and treatment. All methods of word formation in MSA are illustrated by numerous examples of modern Arabic terms from different fields, some of which are pure neologisms.
2
Chen, Weiying. "The Development of Linguistics in China." Historiographia Linguistica 44, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.44.1.01che.
Анотація:
Summary Prompted by Western science in late 19th century, Chinese linguistics gradually moved to a new direction after two thousand years of philological tradition centered on rhetoric and textual exegesis. Through the intense efforts of a few scholars in the early twenti-eth century, linguistic study in China became a science and a discipline. Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and Wang Li (1900–1986) were first-generation linguists who led the movement to apply the methodology of modern linguistics to the systematic study of Chinese. This paper investigates the trend setting achievements of these founders of the discipline, and it introduces their biographical and scholarly backgrounds. It also provides a brief history of philology through the lens of Wang Li who was the first historian of Chinese linguistics. Contemporary linguists need both a critical mind to understand the philological legacy of Chinese and an open mind to welcome new interdisciplinary approaches that could produce innovative theories and facilitate the growth of the discipline. Moreover, this paper expands the history of linguistics by introducing linguistic features not found in Indo-European languages, thereby making the history of linguistics more inclusive than it has previously been. Consequently, this paper contributes to a rethinking of the definition of language.
3
Pransiska, Toni. "ابن جنى وجهوده اللغوية في الخصائص: دراسة وصفية تحليلية". Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura 17, № 1 (2 серпня 2017): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.22373/jiif.v17i1.744.
Анотація:
Abstrak
Ibnu Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) Salah satu linguis Arab (Lughawiyun) yang sangat multitalend dan menguasai multidisiplin kelimuan Islam. Melalui masterpiece-nya “Al-Khashāish”, Ibnu Jinny mencoba membawa wacana dan diskusi-diskusi linguistik Arab dari yang semula terfokus pada perdebatan nahwu dan fanatisme mazhabnya kepada kajian-kajian yang lebih umum dan komprehensif. Bahasa, dalam pandangan Ibnu Jinny, bukan merupakan murni entitas rasional tetapi memiliki dimensi sosial, karena itu, metode, teori dan pendekatan yang digunakan pun mestilah menggabungkan keduanya. Jika teori linguistik Barat Modern memfokuskan obyek kajiannya pada empat unsur penting seperti; Fonetik, sintaksis, morfologi dan semantic, maka sesungguhnya tradisi linguistic Arab, meskipun belum tersistem secara terpadu jauh mendahului kajian mereka seperti yang dilakukan oleh Ibnu Jinny. Bahkan pendekatan sosiologis atau yang lain dapat kita telusuri dan dicari akarnya dari teori-teori Ibnu Jinni dan para linguis generasi setelahnya.
Kata Kunci: Ibnu Jinny, Pemikiran Lingistik Arab, Kitab Khashāish
Abstract
Ibn Jinny (Mosul, 322-329 H) one of Arabic linguist was very multitalented and multidisciplinary master in Islamic scholarship. Through his masterpiece “Al-Khāshaish”, Ibnu Jinny tried to read discourse and discussion from the original Arabic linguistics that focused on the debate nahwu and fanaticism of his Mazhab in to studies of a more generally and comprehensively. Language, according to Ibn Jinny, is not a purely rational entity but a social dimension, therefore, methods, theories and approaches were used also must necessarily incorporate both dimensions. If the linguistic theory of Modern West focused on object of studies to four important elements such as; Phonetics (‘Ilm al-Ashwāt), Morphology (Sharf), Syntax (Nahw) and Semantics (‘Ilm al-Dilālah), then the Arabic linguistic tradition - as Ibn Jinny’s study - has led Western Linguist studies. Even the sociological approach or another we can browse and look for the roots of the theories of Ibn Jinni and linguists generations thereafter.
Keywords: Ibnu Jinny, Arabic Linguistic Thought, al-Khashāish
مستخلص البحث
ابن جني (موصل، 332-329 هـ) أحد علماء اللغويين الذي يتبحر العلوم أو الفنون الاسلامية. من خلال تأليفه المعتبر "الخصائص". وحاول ابن جني حمل الخطابات والمناقشات حول علم اللغة العربية بداية التركيز على المجادلات النحوية والتعصبية المذهبية في بعض الدراسات عامة وشاملة. واللغة عند ابن جني هي ليست كيانة عقلانية أصيلة فقط وإنما هي كيانة اجتماعية. ولذلك، استخدمت الطريقة والمدخل و النظرية بجمع تلك الكيانتين السابقتين. وإذا ركزت النظرية اللغوية الغربية الحديثة على هذه العناصر الأربعة الهامة مثل علم الأصوات و الصرف والنحو وعلم الدلالة فإن حضارة اللغوية العربية تسبق الدراسات اللغوية الغربية التى قام بها ابن جني قياما كاملا. بالرغم أن المدخل الاجتماعي و اللغوي فنكتشف جذورها من نظريات ابن جني واللغويين ما بعده.
الكلمات الرئيسية: ابن جني، الأفكار اللغوية العربية و الخصائص
4
Shatokhina, Viсtoriya Sergeevna. "On the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language." Litera, no. 5 (May 2021): 174–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2021.5.32946.
Анотація:
The subject of this research is the African paremiology. The object is the history of studying proverbs in the Swahili language. The author examines the chronology of studying this field of linguistics by Western European and African scholars, cites their major works, and describes the peculiarities of their scientific views. Special attention is given to the works of the founders of African paremiology, as well as the perspective of modern scholars of Tanzania and Kenya upon the scientific heritage of proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article employs the theoretical research methods, namely the comparison of theoretical works in the Swahili and English languages. The analysis of a wide range of works in the Swahili language alongside the works of certain European authors, allows reconstructing the chronology of the process of studying Swahili paroemias, as well as highlighting most prominent African and European scholars in this field of linguistics. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that this topic is viewed in the domestic African Studies for the first time; foreign linguists also did not pay deliberate attention to this question. The author’s special contribution consists in translation of the previously inaccessible materials of the African and Western European into the Russian language, which helps the linguists-Africanists in their further research.
5
Haji Ibrahim, Majdi, та Omnia Ahmed Abdelwanis Ibrahim. "تطور مفهوم التلازم اللفظي بين الغرب والعرب / DEVELOPMENT OF COLLOCATION CONCEPT BETWEEN WESTERN AND ARAB LINGUISTS". مجلة الدراسات اللغوية والأدبية (Journal of Linguistic and Literary Studies) 9, № 2 (23 листопада 2018): 32–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jlls.v9i2.662.
Анотація:
ملخص البحث:
تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على تطور مفهوم ظاهرة التلازم اللفظي عند كل من اللغويين الغربيين والعرب من خلال الكشف عن إسهام كل منهم في تأطير هذه الظاهرة اللغوية. ومن خلال المنهج الاستقرائي قامت الدراسة بتتبع أهم المصادر العربية والإنجليزية القديمة والحديثة التي تناولت هذه الظاهرة واستقرائها. لقد تبيّن من الدراسة أن العرب كانوا أول من تنبه إلى تلك الظاهرة، فتناولوها في مصنفاتهم تحت مسميات مختلفة ضمن دراسات فقه اللغة وعلى وجه التحديد ضمن مجال دلالات الكلمات ومعانيها، ومعاجم المعاني؛ غير أن اهتمامهم توقف عند هذا الحد فلم يعملوا على تأطير التلازم اللفظي وإخضاعها للدراسة المنهجية، ولم يضعوا لها مفهوما ولا قاعدة. وفي النصف الأول من القرن العشرين توجهت الأنظار مجددا إلى ظاهرة التلازم اللفظي، ولكن على يد اللغوي الإنجليزي فيرث الذي درس الظاهرة تحت مسمى تلازم (Collocation) وقدم مفهوماً لها، وجاء تلامذته من بعده فأكملوا ما بدأه وأضافوا إليه.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التلازم اللفظي-تطور-مفهوم-الغرب-العرب.
Abstract:
This study aims to shed light on the development of the concept of collocation from western and Arab linguists’ perspective by showing how each of them addressed this linguistic phenomenon. Through an inductive approach, the study tracked and induced the most important Arabic and English، old and modern references that focused on this phenomenon. The study shows that the Arabs were the first to alert to this phenomenon. They mentioned it in their books using different names and studied it as a part of philology، specifically in the field of semantics and lexicons. However، their interest stopped at this point. They did not go further to develop a concept and form a rule. In the first half of the twentieth century, the English linguist Firth، who studied the phenomenon، named it “Collocation”. Later, Firth’s students studied his findings and researched them further.
Keywords: Collocation – development – concept – West - Arab
Abstrak
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menumpukan kepada perkembangan konsep kolokasi dari perspektif sarjana bahasa Arab dan Barat dengan menyorot pendekatan setiap mereka teradap perkara ini. Melalui pendekatan induktif, kajian ini telah menjejaki dan mengeluarkan senarai rujukan Bahasa Arab dan Barat yang mengupas tajuk ini. Kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa sarjana Arab adalah yang mula-mula menyedari tentang hal ini. Mereka menggunakan pelbagai istilah untuk menunjukkannya dan mengakajinya sebagai sebahagian daripada filologi terutamanya dalam bidang semantic dan leksis. Walaubagaimanapun usaha mereka terhenti di situ tanpa berakhir dengan konsep dan kaedah. Firth kemudiannya pada abad ke 20 mengkaji fenomena in dan menamaknnya kolokasi yang kemudiannya dikembangkan lagi oleh murid-muridnya.
Kata kunci: Kolokasi – perkembangan – konsep – Barat – Arab.
6
Ahmad, Iesar. "The Politics of Canons, Identity and Representation: A Study of the Counter Canonical Discourse Strategies in Arundhati Roy’s Novel the Ministry of Utmost Happiness." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.10n.2p.49.
Анотація:
This study is an attempt to investigate the widespread diffusion of the dominant western canonical practices embedded in the western discourses, which simultaneously, entail the counter canonical practices in terms of the ambivalence, language, representation, identity and culture in the postcolonial narratives. This study primarily bases on Arundhati Roy’(Henceforth, on ward Roy) novel ‘The ministry of utmost Happiness’ (MOUH, Henceforth on ward) how does She deconstruct the western dominant discourses, but simultaneously install the counter narratives in the context of the irreducible complex lived experiences of the linguistic and cultural hybridity. The research methodology of the study is to identify and to analyze the selected counter canonical strategies inducted by Roy in the novel MOUH in the context of the deconstructionst and postcolonial discourse perspective. In addition, the study also analyzes the identified texts in the framework of the multi canons and pluralistic perspective. Similarly, the polemical concern of the western canonical practices and Counter discursive strategies are still engaging the perennial and irresolvable debate among the critical literary theorists,cultural theorists, modern linguists and postcolonial discourse critics in the academic landscape across the globe. Accordingly, the study sums up that the counter discursive strategies deployed by Arundhati Roy in MOUH are also, trustworthy, pragmatic and authentic in terms of the western canonicity. In addition, the study concludes that the counter canonical strategies deployed by Arundhati Roy in her novel foreground the subtle issues of identity, language, culture and literary norms; which are also realistic and authentic on the bases of sameness but with difference.
7
Manchec-German, Gary D. "The recategorisation of the conjugated preposition a 'of ' as direct object and subject pronouns in Cornouaillais Breton." Studia Celtica 54, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 147–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/sc.54.9.
Анотація:
This article examines the functions of the Breton conjugated preposition <a> 'of ' as direct object and subject pronouns. Because these uses are believed to be relatively recent innovations, they are judged by many writers and linguists to be substandard. Although these recategorised a-forms are part and parcel of the vernacular language, their roles vary considerably according to dialect. For this reason it would be illusory to assume they operate as part of a unified linguistic system. Nevertheless, the full scope of their functions is most evident in the Cornouaillais/Kerne dialect spoken in south- western Brittany. This discussion focuses on the Breton spoken in the parishes of Saint Yvi and Elliant in south-central Cornouaille (Finistère) where their use is prevalent. Comparative evidence from other areas of Cornouaille, Tregor and Leon, as well as similar uses of conjugated preposition <o> 'of ' in Middle Welsh and modern south Welsh varieties, suggests that this phenomenon may have emerged as a result of common semantic interpretations which may be inherent to the Brythonic languages more generally. Moreover, a number of secondary morphosyntactic innovations (both analytic and synthetic) that have been spawned by these a-forms suggest that the process is internal to Breton rather than to any direct French influence. The data is presented within a descriptive, variational and diachronic linguistic framework.
8
Lazdiņa, Sanita. "PROBLEMS OF MASTERING LATVIAN AS A SECOND LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF APPLIED LINGUISTICS." Via Latgalica, no. 1 (December 31, 2008): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/latg2008.1.1601.
Анотація:
The objective of the paper is to illuminate the interpretation of the term „Applied Linguistics” in Latvia and abroad (in Western Europe, the USA and Russia), and thereby identifying possibilities and grounds for the research of Latvian as a second language in the context of the development of applied linguistics in Latvia. Apart from theoretical literature, the author also uses data from observations of classroom discussions, which were obtained in three secondary schools and one elementary school (two schools in Rezekne, one in Rezekne region and one in Balvi). The author of the paper conducted a discourse research of Grade 9 pupils who learn Latvian as a second language (LAT 2). These research data are also important for problems of the development of methodology of applied linguistics in Latvia, because they enable the identification of new data and research methods. Applied linguistics as a field is based on the research of language and its role in human activities. Modern research of applied linguistics in Western Europe shows that attention is paid to areas such as second language acquisition (SLA), cognition, language policy and planning, lexicography, translation theory, corpus linguistics, etc. In Russia, when defining the areas and functions of applied linguistics, emphasize is put on the close connection of linguistics with information technology, artificial intelligence and logics. Russian linguists link the emergence of applied linguistics to the development of science and technology, which have made it necessary to observe language in action. The term „Applied Linguistics” is usually opposed to theoretical linguistics, which studies language in a system under a particular condition. To identify the interpretation of the term „Applied Linguistics” in Latvia, two sources were used for the paper: The „Interpretative Dictionary of Basic Terms of Linguistics” (IDBTL), published in 2007, and the description of the branches and sub-branches of science available on the home page of the Latvian Council of Science (LCS). The comparison of these sources reveals two differences in the definition of „applied linguistics”. IDBTL does not mention sociolinguistics among the areas of applied linguistics. Sociolinguistics is mentioned separately in the dictionary, but there is no link to applied linguistics. The second difference is that IDBTL does not refer to language teaching or learning – neither in the definition of applied linguistics, nor in the description of its areas, whereas it is mentioned in the LCS description of sub-branches. These findings show a lack of consistency in introducing the problem of second language acquisition into the context of the development of applied linguistics. The second part of the paper gives an insight into the research of the Latvian language as a second language. The research data were obtained through structural observations of class discourse and by analyzing them with the help of check lists and tables. The data of the class discourse research is important for the research of the actual situation of language acquisition. The task of an applied linguist is to be a mediator between the theory of linguistics and language pedagogy (linguodidactics). Even for studying problems of mastering the Latvian language as a second language, there is still a lack of systemic research which would provide a deeper analysis of the difficulties that LAT2 pupils deal with while learning Latvian, as well as while studying other subjects bilingually or in Latvian. There is an on-going need for class discourse research and for research of a individual language acquisition processes by means of interviews, questionnaires, and pupils’ reports about the accomplishment of some cognitive or linguistic tasks, as well as by other methods.
9
Nerlich, Brigitte. "Structuralism, contextualism, dialogism." Historiographia Linguistica 27, no. 1 (May 29, 2000): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.27.1.06ner.
Анотація:
Summary In the 1930s lexical semantics came under the influence of Saussurean structuralism and Gestalt psychology. The study of whole lexical fields and the structure of these fields replaced a historical semantics focusing on single words and the classification of the transitions between the meanings of these words over time according to different sets of criteria. At the same time contextualism, the study of meaning in its pragmatic context of language use, began to attract the attention of linguists, philosophers, and psychologists of language. Fully aware of the emergence of structuralism and contextualism, Volo‰inov and Baxtin began to develop their theories of meaning, society and literature, later called dialogism. All three movements dealt with the relativity of meaning, as relativity in a semantic field, as relativity in social context, and as relativity in social interaction and dialogue. This article demonstrates how, in a sometimes hidden dialogue with their Western contemporaries, Valentin Nikolaeviã Volo‰inov (1895–1936) and Mixail Mixajloviã Baxtin (1895–1975) developed new ‘relativistic’ theories of meaning, novel theories of pragmatics (speech acts), and modern theories of verbal interaction.
10
Atabik, Ahmad. "Al-Naẓm Stylistic Discourse in I’jāz al-Qur’ān Based on Al-Jurjānī’s Perspective: Analysis of Arabic Literature Criticism on the Qur'an Studies". Ulumuna 25, № 1 (30 червня 2021): 57–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v25i1.425.
Анотація:
This article discusses Arabic literature criticism during the classical period represented in al-Jurjāni’s naẓm (poetic) theory. It aims to analyze al-Jurjānī's thoughts in the field of balāgha (Arabic rhetoric) in revealing the miracles of the Qur'an in terms of its language beauty. Al-Jurjānī argues that one of the miraculous aspects of the Qur'an is concerned with its naẓm. Although the theory of naẓm had been previously proposed by Arabic literary scholars, such as al-Jāhiẓ, al-Baqillānī and al-Rummānī, al-Jurjānī, however, elaborated and developed the theory naẓm in great details. His theory contributes to the development of the meaning of balāgha and introduces it to public audience amongst scholars of the Qur’an. Al-Jurjānī concludes that naẓm is determined by the meaning of the Qur'anic verses as well as the structure in the discipline of naḥwu (grammar). The naḥwu and naẓm theory work together to generate meaning of the spoken sentence. Al-Jurjānī’s concept of naẓm supersedes later experts' and even modern Western linguists' discoveries and knowledge in the field of Arabic literary criticism.
11
Michelucci, Stefania. "D. H. Lawrence’s Etruscan Seduction." Etruscan Studies 22, no. 1-2 (November 5, 2019): 95–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/etst-2018-0030.
Анотація:
Abstract Sketches of Etruscan Places is especially important among D. H. Lawrence’s later works not only because it is the work that completes the image of a restless, indefatigable traveler looking for a new gospel in old cultures and in faraway countries, but also because it offers stimulating and surprisingly modern reflections on the relationship between dominant and subordinate cultures.For centuries historians, archaeologists, linguists and scholars had tried to penetrate the mystery of the Etruscans in order to explain their origin, interpret their symbols and read their language. Lawrence attempted to give his own interpretation of that ancient mysterious world as he viewed the Etruscans as the symbol of a lost vitality. His interpretation of this lost civilization insists on the “manipulation of cultural heritage,” which anticipates ideas expressed by Ronald Barthes in Mythologies (1957). As a result, Lawrence undermines traditional views of Etruscan civilization as vassal to Greek and Roman civilization and defends its individuality. Finally, Lawrence anticipates post-colonial ideas by deconstructing the centrality of the Western historical and cultural system of values and reconstructing, although partially, the non-canonical multiplicity of ethnic separateness.
12
Muhammad Shakeel Ur Rehman, Dr. Ihsan Ullah Khan, and Dr. Abdul Karim Khan. "Ahmed Indigenization of English Language in Ahmed Ali’s Twilight in Delhi." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2021): 338–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(338-342).
Анотація:
The study employed the theoretical approach of indigenization by Kachru in Ahmed Ali’s Twilight in Delhi. Indigenization is one of the fundamental components of decolonization adopted by post-colonial linguists to familiarize a local language in a race against the dominant language of colonizers (Kilickaya, 2009). Through this tool of indigenization, post-colonial writers and more specifically, Ahmed Ali represented the native culture, flora, and fauna of the sub-continent in the selected work to bring about a reconciliatory approach between the languages of the colonizer (English) with the language of inhabitants of the sub-content (Urdu). Therefore, the novelist indigenized the English language by weaving and embedding indigenous figures of speech, local terminologies, idioms, proverbs, and translation of compacted concepts of English and Urdu languages into each other in an endeavor to combat with the western thought. Hence, the article delves into the novel to unfold the multicultural reconciliatory approach that is possible only at the time when the voices of the indigenous language and culture are accommodated by the dominant language and culture of the colonizers. Arguably, the portrayal of reconciliation of the two languages and cultures in the sub-continent during the rule of the British in the novel may introduce a more pluralistic approach to survive in the modern world of globalization. The findings may help reach a better understanding between an indigenous language and an international language in the same culture in which local culture and language get equal manifestation.
13
Wang, Yongxiang. "“Language” and “discourse”: Two perspectives on linguistic philosophy." Semiotica 2018, no. 224 (September 25, 2018): 295–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sem-2016-0207.
Анотація:
AbstractWith the establishment of modern linguistics and the linguistic turn of western philosophy, various linguistic theories have been advanced and have given different interpretations to language and discourse. Different schools of thought have witnessed a direct collision of ideas and a deep academic dialogue between the theory of translinguistics advanced by the great master of dialogism, Bakhtin, and the outlook on language of the father of modern linguistics, Saussure.
14
Amari, Hakem. "Arabic linguistics in the book of Sibawayh in the Light of Modern Western Linguistics (Comparative Study)." Ansaq journal 3, no. 1,2 (October 2019): 46–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/ansaq.2019.0089.
15
Сабаева, Юлия, and Yuliya Sabaeva. "Media Image of Siberia on the Local Radio (Based on the Radio Project «About Siberia», «Radio Siberia» Station)." Scientific Research and Development. Modern Communication Studies 7, no. 1 (February 2, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a65a7ed930017.93778630.
Анотація:
The paper focuses on the study of themedia image as one of the major concepts of medialinguistics, a developing fieldof modern linguistics. The multidimensional nature of this concept and its belonging to different humanitarian studies determines the topicality of its study in medialinguistics. The author attempts to study this phenomenon within a linguistic approach with the example of the media image of Siberia on the local radio («Radio Siberia»). The author reveals the main components of the media image of Siberia within the materials of the radio project«About Siberia», which includes a large amount of culturally significant information about the regions located in the territory of Western and Eastern Siberia. The author uses the linguistic approach to analyze the radio texts with the purpose of revealing language means (on lexical, morphological and syntactic levels) of the studied media image.
16
Buzelo, Anna S. "The problem of inner valence morphemes: the experience of multiparadigm research." Neophilology, no. 17 (2019): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2019-5-17-14-20.
Анотація:
It is proved that the imperative of modern linguistic science is a multiparadigmatic approach in the study of existing facts of language and speech, which is manifested in the priority of three basic principles: explanatoriness, anthropocentrism and functionalism. During this study we found that the complexity of approaches in research provides objectivity and completeness of knowledge about the phenomena under study and allows to solve urgent problems. In this regard, we made an attempt to show the ways of studying the problem of inner valence of morphemes in various areas of modern linguistics (on the material of newspaper discourse neologisms). Attention is paid to the solution of the problem of valence in the direction of sociolinguistics, which allows to establish the non-linguistic causes of the emergence of new words and explore through the neologisms the space of the language functioning outside its autochthonous territory. We analyze body of neolexical item in author card index records and its wordbuilding processes in the discourse activity of Russian-speaking mass media of Kazakhstan, allows us to conclude that extra-linguistic factors causing the birth of new categories include the politicization of society, the adoption of western economic system, the rapid technical development.
17
Santos, Patrícia, Gloria Gonzàlez-Fortes, Emiliano Trucchi, Andrea Ceolin, Guido Cordoni, Cristina Guardiano, Giuseppe Longobardi, and Guido Barbujani. "More Rule than Exception: Parallel Evidence of Ancient Migrations in Grammars and Genomes of Finno-Ugric Speakers." Genes 11, no. 12 (December 11, 2020): 1491. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes11121491.
Анотація:
To reconstruct aspects of human demographic history, linguistics and genetics complement each other, reciprocally suggesting testable hypotheses on population relationships and interactions. Relying on a linguistic comparative method based on syntactic data, here we focus on the non-straightforward relation of genes and languages among Finno-Ugric (FU) speakers, in comparison to their Indo-European (IE) and Altaic (AL) neighbors. Syntactic analysis, in agreement with the indications of more traditional linguistic levels, supports at least three distinct clusters, corresponding to these three Eurasian families; yet, the outliers of the FU group show linguistic convergence with their geographical neighbors. By analyzing genome-wide data in both ancient and contemporary populations, we uncovered remarkably matching patterns, with north-western FU speakers linguistically and genetically closer in parallel degrees to their IE-speaking neighbors, and eastern FU speakers to AL speakers. Therefore, our analysis indicates that plausible cross-family linguistic interference effects were accompanied, and possibly caused, by recognizable demographic processes. In particular, based on the comparison of modern and ancient genomes, our study identified the Pontic-Caspian steppes as the possible origin of the demographic processes that led to the expansion of FU languages into Europe.
18
حسين, السوداني. "التجديد في الدراسات اللغويّة العربيّة في القرن التاسع عشر". Al Abhath 68, № 1 (30 грудня 2020): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589997x-06801005.
Анотація:
This paper aims to study the emergence of tajdīd (modernization, renewal) in Arabic linguistics. The research focuses on the time period between the late 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a time that corresponds to the popularization of evolution studies in Europe in the sciences generally, and particularly in linguistics. I examine the features of the linguistics scene in the 19th century, looking for possible characteristics of a tajdīd movement on both the technical-theoretical and the practical-procedural levels. Indeed, the 19th century witnessed a period of openness to Western influence, a multi-faceted intellectual movement that has come to be known as the Nahḍa. During this time, tajdīd manifested itself explicitly in the methodology of Arabic linguistics, sometimes declaring its points of reference openly, while at other times keeping them implicit in a deliberately unspoken reliance on modern theoretical backgrounds. I find that the linguistic issue represents an important component in 19th century Arab thought on three levels: the first being the level of culture and civilization, the second education and methodology, and the third technical form and research.
19
حسين, السوداني. "التجديد في الدراسات اللغويّة العربيّة في القرن التاسع عشر". Al Abhath 68, № 1 (30 грудня 2020): 89–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18115586-00680104.
Анотація:
This paper aims to study the emergence of tajdīd (modernization, renewal) in Arabic linguistics. The research focuses on the time period between the late 18th century and the beginning of the 20th century, a time that corresponds to the popularization of evolution studies in Europe in the sciences generally, and particularly in linguistics. I examine the features of the linguistics scene in the 19th century, looking for possible characteristics of a tajdīd movement on both the technical-theoretical and the practical-procedural levels. Indeed, the 19th century witnessed a period of openness to Western influence, a multi-faceted intellectual movement that has come to be known as the Nahḍa. During this time, tajdīd manifested itself explicitly in the methodology of Arabic linguistics, sometimes declaring its points of reference openly, while at other times keeping them implicit in a deliberately unspoken reliance on modern theoretical backgrounds. I find that the linguistic issue represents an important component in 19th century Arab thought on three levels: the first being the level of culture and civilization, the second education and methodology, and the third technical form and research.
20
Niederehe, Hans-Josef. "La Gramaticografía Del Siglo xviii, entre Tradición y Reorientación." Historiographia Linguistica 24, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1997): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.24.1-2.05nie.
Анотація:
Summary With the transition from the so-called ‘Golden Ages’ to the age of Enlightenment, Spain lost its political and cultural hegemony to its northern neighbour, France. In the field of the language studies, this change is evident especially in the area of lexicography: the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (1726–1739) was soon modeled after the Dictionnaire de l’Académie Française (1694). In grammaticography, things seem to have been different, at least if one listens to those few historians of linguistics who payed attention to 18th-century Spanish linguistics. The overall judgements range from ‘a total lack of good grammar’ to a ‘complete disregard of modern [i.e., French] theories’. However, a closer look at the grammatical production of the time does not confirm any of these assessments. Apart from Latin grammars in the tradition of Nebrija and bilingual Spanish-French grammars clearly influenced by contemporary French theories, there are a tradition of monolingual grammaticography, which are totally up-to-date on contemporary European grammatical discussions, focussed, as they were, on the teachings of Port-Royal. The Gramática de la lengua castellana of the Spanish Royal Academy follows along the same lines by developing even more the logical approach to grammatical description. Before starting to write down the final version of their grammar, the Academicians even went as far as to study dozens of grammars of other languages, old and new, Western as well as non-Western, in order to get a more general linguistic framework and to follow more closely the theories of the scholar who, in the eyes of the grammarians of Port-Royal, was the starting point of ‘modern’ linguistics, the Spaniard Francisco Sanchez de las Brozas (1523–1600/1601).
21
Leoni, Aron Di Leone. "The Pronunciation of Hebrew in the Western Sephardic Settlements (XVIth-XXth Centuries). First Part: Early Modern Venice and Ferrara (1)." Sefarad 66, no. 1 (June 30, 2006): 89–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/sefarad.2006.v66.i1.425.
22
Chen, Ping. "Modern Written Chinese in development." Language in Society 22, no. 4 (December 1993): 505–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500017450.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTAs a case study in the formation of a new written language in a speech community moving from diglossia toward a “standard-with-dialects”, this article analyzes the development of M[odern] W[ritten] C[hinese] during the past 80 years. After a brief account of the historical background, the article discusses the sources and avenues of influence on the development of MWC, then examines the emergent grammatical and lexical norms, and investigates the variations displayed by the four main Chinese communities: mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore. The role of language planning is also explored. The similarities and differences between China and Western Europe, in their progress from diglossic to non-diglossic communities, are discussed. (Diglossia, Chinese linguistics, written language, language planning)
23
Demidova, Tatyana V., Tatyana M. Soloveva, and Sergey A. Barov. "On the Cognitive-semantic Approach to the Study of Modern Chinese Language." RUDN Journal of Language Studies, Semiotics and Semantics 11, no. 1 (December 15, 2020): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2299-2020-11-1-48-63.
Анотація:
The article makes an attempt to comprehend the cognitive-semantic approach to the Chinese language in the framework of its teaching and study in higher education, taking into account features contrasting to the Russian language. The main theoretical postulates of the Chinese language-study were formulated by the Russian sinologists in line with formal structural paradigms based on materials of Western languages and their level of language organization. This approach is reflected in most Chinese language textbooks. In this regard, the Chinese language is taught according to the patterns of teaching Western languages. This approach does not allow to fully master the language, as it does not take into account the semantic and cognitive disproportion of the basic units of languages. The basic unit of the Russian language is the word as its nominative and at the same time the main speech unit. In the Chinese language, according to our observations and analysis of the relevant literature, this role belongs mainly to a more fractional substantive unit, which in the dictionary, in the nomination, acts as the main unit of the language division of the world, and in speech can also act as a simple word and as part of more complex formation - words or phrases. In writing, this unit is presented in the form of a «zi» hieroglyph, figuratively or otherwise denoting certain objects of reality and conceptualizing them, which allows us to consider these «zi» as expressors of minimal concepts of Chinese linguistic thinking. For the first time in Russian linguistics, the article addresses issues related to these basic units in connection with teaching issues. At the present stage, there are practically no textbooks or techniques aimed at mastering these specific Chinese language units. The authors make an attempt to attract the attention of sinologists to this problem and to reconsider the existing views in a new cognitive-semantic vein. In this context, the necessity of reorienting teaching that reproduces the methodological and linguistic orientations applied in relation to the study of Indo-European languages to methodological orientations corresponding to the essential characteristics of the Chinese language as consistently isolated in type and specifically orientational in terms of mental and cultural grounds is substantiated. In this regard, there marked relevant issues are there proposed some ways to resolve them.
24
Han, Muhamad Ibtissam, and Topikurohman. "PERKEMBANGAN CORAK PENAFSIRAN AL-QUR’AN DARI PERIODE KLASIK SAMPAI MODERN." Al Burhan: Jurnal Kajian Ilmu dan Pengembangan Budaya Al-Qur'an 20, no. 2 (October 28, 2020): 263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53828/alburhan.v20i2.212.
Анотація:
This article will explain the development of the style of interpretation of the Koran from the classical period to the modern period. The authors use the literature research model (literature study) by reading books on interpretations from scholars and commentaries of scholars. Broadly speaking, the Classical period has many agreed-upon models of interpretation based on tradition and many uses of Islamic sources also support the linguistic aspect. While in the modern period emerged against the Old traditions ranging from the use of israiliyat tradition, the authority of the prophet, linguistic to the combination of the tradition of Western positivism thinking that illustrates various interpretations in the modern period with the exchange of mystical concepts and primitive concepts, also helped realize the discussions that support religion drocal.
25
Clegg, Cyndia Susan. "Pacific Ancient and Modern Language Association." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 114, no. 4 (September 1999): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900154057.
Анотація:
The association's ninety-seventh convention will he held 5–7 November 1999 at Portland State University in Portland, Oregon, under the sponsorship of the dean of Letters and Sciences and the Departments of English and Languages and Literatures. Inger Olsen is serving as local chair. The program will represent the association members' diverse interests in all matters of language and literature in classical, Western, and non-Western languages. The thirty-one general sessions will include papers on classical, Romance, Germanic, Scandinavian, English, American, and Asian literatures, as well as on linguistics, rhetoric, gay and lesbian literature, film, matrilineal culture, autobiography, poetry and poetics, and critical theory. Among the thirty special sessions are sessions on picaresque literature, Shakespeare and popular literature, Native American literature, Russian literature, Slavic literature, Toni Morrison in the 1990s, Caribbean literature, and cybertextbooks in foreign language education. Several special sessions have been organized by Portland State University and PAMLA affiliate organizations Women in French, MELUS, and the Milton Society of America. Registration at the conference will be $35 and $25. All paper sessions are scheduled for classrooms at Portland State University and will begin Friday at 1:00 p.m. and end Sunday at 1:00 p.m.
26
LASHKEVITCH, A. V. "Modern Western Literary Theories and Russian Cultural Policy." Year's Work in Critical and Cultural Theory 2, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 280–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ywcct/2.1.280.
27
Yamaguchi, Akiho, and Wataru Koyama. "Toward a critical dialogue across languages and cultures: On native and Western linguistics in modern Japan." Journal of Pragmatics 41, no. 1 (January 2009): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.009.
28
Blanco Pena, José Miguel. "On ancient vs. modern, eastern vs. western, contributions to text coherence theory." Language & History 64, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17597536.2021.1888369.
29
Sawaie, Mohammed. "RIFA⊂A RAFI⊂ AL-TAHTAWI AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE LEXICAL DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN LITERARY ARABIC." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 3 (August 2000): 395–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800021152.
Анотація:
In the 19th century, Europe had a tangible impact on the Arab East. During this period, Arabic-speaking regions were brought into intimate contact with the West, both through military intrusion (e.g., the French in 1798–1801 and the British in Egypt in 1882), and institutional penetration (e.g., the founding of Western-style schools and higher-education institutions in the Levant in the 1800s by Christian missionaries such as the Syrian Protestant College in 1866, now the American University of Beirut, and [the Jesuit] St. Joseph University, also in Beirut, in 1874). This overpowering European encroachment on the Arab East in the 19th century resulted in cultural and linguistic identity crises. Muhammad ⊂Ali, who ruled Egypt from 1805 until 1848, dispatched groups of students to Western countries such as Italy, Austria, and France to study at their universities and technical institutions. At home, he established schools with Western-language instruction, and sponsored translations of scientific works initially into Turkish, and later into Arabic, from Italian and French, thus making available new disciplines such as various branches of engineering, military science, and agriculture. In 1822, he established a printing press in the Bulaq section of Cairo.1 From then on, Arabicized versions of European terms such as “theater” (tiy―atru), “journal” (jurn―al), “the post” (al-busta), and “politics” (al-bulit―iq―a) signaled the arrival of Western institutions and technology in Arabic-speaking regions, and such terms were adopted by writers in their writings. The cultural, political, military, and technological challenges that resulted from the European contact with the Arab East, and the institutional changes that accompanied them, proved to be a crucial turning point in the development of the Arabic language, particularly its lexicon. However, interest in language matters was central to the Arab renaissance (Nahda) of the 19th century. Arab writers; intellectuals; and translators such Rifa⊂a Rafi⊂ al-Tahtawi (1801/2–73), (Ahmad) Faris al-Shidyaq (1801/04?–87), Nasif al-Yaziji (1800–71), and Butrus al-Bustani (1819–83), among others, debated Arabic linguistic issues in terms of their own literary and linguistic heritage. These and other authors discussed the “internal” needs of Arabic, not only issues of translating the culture of the Western societies. They wrote grammars and compiled other literary textbooks to facilitate the teaching of Arabic and to overcome difficulties of learning the language associated with older, traditional ways of language teaching and to raise awareness of the literary tradition of Arabs. These intellectuals also engaged in the preparation of glossaries and dictionaries appropriate to the needs of their societies.2
30
Stroński, Krzysztof, and Saartje Verbeke. "Shaping modern Indo-Aryan isoglosses." Poznan Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 56, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 529–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psicl-2020-0017.
Анотація:
AbstractSince the pioneering paper by Emenau (1956) there have been many attempts (cf. Masica 1976, 2001; Ebert 2001; among many others) to select areal features which are shared among languages spoken in South Asia. However, there has been little consent on the number of such features and the possible direction of their spread.In this paper we are focusing on two selected isoglosses, namely alignment and constituent order. Both of them have been used to define the Indo-Aryan linguistic area: alignment is one of the key elements to distinguish western from eastern Indo-Aryan (Peterson 2017) and word order is one of the innovations which differentiates some of the “Outer” languages from “Inner” Indo-Aryan languages (Zoller 2017: 15).This article focuses on two languages which are said to determine these isoglosses: Awadhi and Kashmiri. Our study of Awadhi shows that the isogloss delineating ergative or accusative case marking zones is situated in the area where the so-called Eastern Hindi dialects (among them Awadhi) are spoken. As we will demonstrate, this specific isogloss is substantially supported by diachronic evidence. The second language under consideration, namely Kashmiri, is an example of an “Outer” language with a quite stable V2 feature. Both Awadhi and Kashmiri are compared with Pahari, a language branch which functions as a link between the two of them. Our comparison of Kashmiri with certain Western Pahari Himachali languages shows that there is no clear borderline between two language groups supported by word order. We conclude from these case studies that the study of isoglosses is by definition a study of fluid boundaries, and qualitative, historical studies of one language can prove or disprove hypotheses based on synchronic similarities between languages.
31
Izre'el, Shlomo. "Did Adapa Indeed Lose His Chance for Eternal Life?" Target. International Journal of Translation Studies 6, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 15–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/target.6.1.03izr.
Анотація:
Abstract This paper takes as a model for discussing the issue of translating ancient texts into a modern language and for a modern western society an ancient Mesopotamian myth written in the Semitic Akkadian language. Aiming for an oral production for a Hebrew-speaking audience in contemporary Israel, the translator has tackled problems of transmission in both poetics and language. The genre and linguistic gaps have been bridged by the existent proximity of the two cultures in poetic meter. Both the theoretical approach and some practical problems and solutions are discussed.
32
Podolian, G. P. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE RELEVANCE OF MODERN COMPARATIVE RESEARCH." UKRAINIAN CULTURAL STUDIES, no. 1 (4) (2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/ucs.2019.1(4).04.
Анотація:
The article analyzes the relevance of comparative research in the modern conditions of the global world. The forms of communication that are immanent for any culture, the development of another's experience of cultural being, intercultural interactions are determined. The significance of philosophy is deter- mined as one of the foundations contributing to the processes of forming dialogism as a cultural characteristic of ancient, and then Western culture. The culture-creating nature of the communicative, dialogical nature of Western culture is interpreted as an important basis for the emergence of a comparative historical method of studying cultural diversity. Attention is focused on the productive experience of cultural interaction that emerged in ancient Greece and developed by further followers in the Western world. The history of the development of the comparative tradition is traced through the delineation of the main factors, which, in their entirety, have become a favorable basis for the emergence of systemic research using the comparative method. Indicates the main trends of modern comparative searches and unsolved problems. The directions of the heuristic development of the future prospects of this method of cultural analysis are indicated. These include: a high level of dialogicity of ancient, and then Western culture; geographical discoveries of the New time; educational and cultural activities of representatives of the Enlightenment; the devel- opment of scientific knowledge in the direction of the penetration of ideas about the natural movement of social development from the natural sci- ences into the social sciences; the appeals and popularization of O. Conte of studying the "main laws" of social phenomena, including the com- parative historical method; authoritative recognition of history and linguistics as a science in the nineteenth century; the idea of progressive pro- gress of human culture; scientific activities of representatives of cultural schools of evolutionary anthropology, diffusionism, social anthropology.
33
Chan, Leo Tak-hung. "Translation and Creation: Readings of Western Literature in early Modern China, 1840-1918." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 45, no. 2 (August 20, 1999): 188–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.45.2.18cha.
34
Wright, David. "John Fryer and the Shanghai Polytechnic: making space for science in nineteenth-century China." British Journal for the History of Science 29, no. 1 (March 1996): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087400033835.
Анотація:
The introduction of modern Western science into late imperial China naturally involved the creation of new linguistic spaces through the translation of science textbooks and the formation of a modern scientific lexicon, but it also required translation in another, physical, sense through the creation of institutions whereby the new system of practices and ideas could be transmitted. The Shanghai Polytechnic, opened in 1876 under the direction of John Fryer, was promoted as an academy for the ‘extension of learning’; this paper explores the role John Fryer and his Polytechnic played in making space for science in late nineteenth-century China.
35
Davis, Charles G. "Report of the Rocky Mountain Modern Language Association." Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 103, no. 4 (September 1988): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s003081290014684x.
Анотація:
The 1988 convention will be held 20-22 October at the Las Cruces Hilton. New Mexico State University will host the meeting as part of its centennial celebration. A Mexican banquet, a wine reception hosted by the university and the New Mexico Vine and Wine Society, a program on western and southwestern literature, a program on class, race, and gender in Chicana literature, as well as excursions to Juarez, Mexico, and to Old Mesilla will help participants celebrate the flavor of the region.
36
Ayvazyan, Gayane. "The History of the Early Modern Period Turkish Armenians in Soviet Historiography." Balkanistic Forum 30, no. 1 (January 5, 2021): 35–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.3.
Анотація:
The study of the Early modern period Western Armenian or Turkish-Armenian history did not interest the Soviet-Armenian historiography much. It was primarily subordi-nated to the Eastern Armenian historical priorities, and occupied a marginal place in the Soviet-Armenian historiographical system. The absence of study on the Turkish-Armenian history in the Soviet-Armenian historiographical system was not an acci-dental omission, but the result of the political attitudes of the Soviet historiographical thought, which [the attitudes], since the Stalin era, had not always derived from the Western Armenian historical reasoning.
37
Weinrich, Harald, Marshall Brown, and Jane K. Brown. "Chamisso, Chamisso Authors, and Globalization." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 119, no. 5 (October 2004): 1336–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900101798.
Анотація:
The man. Harald Weinrich, an honorary member of the modern language association since 1996, may be the quintessential interdisciplinary humanist. Having mastered French as a young internee in France at the end of World War II, he began his academic career as a Romance philologist in the tradition of Erich Auerbach and Ernst Robert Curtius, with professorships successively at the universities of Kiel and Cologne. In a second career he became a professor of linguistics at the new University of Bielefeld (which he helped to found and where he served as director of the Center for Interdisciplinary Research); then he established in Munich the first program for the teaching of German as a foreign language. Following his compulsory retirement, he received the honor (extraordinary for a foreigner) of an appointment as professor of Romance studies at the prestigious Collège de France, from which he is now also retired. He has published writing of great scholarly and public resonance in all these areas. Among his voluminous output (translated into many languages) are Tempus, a wide-ranging and meticulously nuanced study of tense use in the major literatures of Western Europe; a prizewinning short book of cultural linguistics entitled Linguistik der Lüge (Linguistics of Lying); “text grammars” of French and of German that aim to record not just morphology and syntax but also the usage problems that confront speakers and writers of all foreign languages; Lethe: Kunst und Kritik des Vergessens (Lethe: The Art and Critique of Forgetting, his first book to appear in English) and much other work on cultural topics, including memory and politeness; and dozens of essays on the teaching and learning of languages and on problems of intercultural understanding.
38
Jantunen, Saara, and Aki-Mauri Huhtinen. "The Hidden Grand Narrative of Western Military Policy: A Linguistic Analysis of American Strategic Communication." Journal of Military Studies 2, no. 1 (December 1, 2011): 46–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jms-2016-0177.
Анотація:
Abstract Strategic communication has replaced information warfare. As Art of War has been replaced by science, the representations of war and the role of the military have changed. Both war and military forces are now associated with binary roles: destruction vs. humanity, killing vs. liberating. The logic behind ‘bombing for peace’ is encoded in the Grand Military Narrative. This narrative is hidden in American (and NATO) strategies such as Effects Based Operations, which rely heavily on technology. As people aim to rationalize the world with technology, they fail to take into account the uncertainty it brings. In warfare, that uncertainty is verbalized as “friendly fire”, “collateral damage” or simply as “accident”. Success and failure are up to technology. Technology is no longer a tool, but an ideology and an actor that not only ‘enables’ the military to take action, but legitimizes it. This article aims to contribute to military studies by analyzing, in the spirit of critical discourse analysis, American ‘Grand Military Narrative’ and he standard and trends of rhetoric it creates. The article focuses on pinpointing some of the linguistic choices and discourses that define the so-called ‘techno-speak’, the product of modern techno-ideology. These discourses result in representations of techno-centered binary values, which steer military strategy and foreign policy.
39
Ji, Meng. "Quantifying Phraseological Style in Two Modern Chinese Versions of Don Quijote." Meta 53, no. 4 (January 16, 2009): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/019664ar.
Анотація:
Abstract Quantifying style, or stylometry, has always been one of the oldest traditions in Western literary studies. It seems, however, that such a well-explored and long-standing scientific methodology has been rarely applied to translations, as opposed to original literary texts. The present paper, which focuses on the stylistic use of phraseology in two contemporary Chinese versions of Cervantes’ Don Quijote, shall endeavour to address the two current problems in corpus-based translation stylistics, i.e., the lack of debate on the question of semantically-rich linguistic units in quantifying style of translations, and the need for testing the use of methods and techniques adapted from corpus statistics in detecting stylistic traits in translations. It is hoped that this study, which aims at expanding the current methodological framework for translation stylistics, will help in the development of this growing area of research in Translation Studies.
40
Harper, Margaret Mills. "South Atlantic Modern Language Association." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 115, no. 4 (September 2000): 856. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/s0030812900140325.
Анотація:
SAMLA's seventieth annual convention will be held in Birmingham at the Sheraton Civic Center from 10 to 12 November. William C. Calin will present the keynote address; George Ella Lyon will give the creative address; and French, German, and Spanish plenary addresses will also be featured. Sonia Sanchez will make a special appearance, and other sessions will focus on Birmingham and Alabama writers, gender and race studies, and human rights in literature and culture. Last year's highly successful reading by contemporary writers, sponsored by the literary magazine Five Points, will be repeated. Graduate students will host a poets' circle, and a special performance of Hemingway stories will take place. Among the twenty special sessions are African Influence on Western Literatures; The Holocaust in Literature and Film; Rhetorics, Rhetoricians, and the Teaching of Rhetoric; Early Modern Women of Spain; and Epics and Literature at the Millennium. During the varied program (over 140 sessions), the convention will feature issues of technology, pedagogy, and professional concerns and will offer a number of opportunities to meet and socialize. Cash bars will be held for faculty members in two-year colleges, Feministas Unidas, and gay and lesbian studies. Side trips are planned to the Birmingham Civil Rights Institute and the Birmingham Museum of Art. A full copy of the program will be available on the SAMLA Web site in July.
41
Elewa, Ahmed. "Articulating “Responsibility” as a Prerequisite for the Arab Spring." American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajiss.v29i3.318.
Анотація:
In delineating the causes behind nonmilitant uprising and revolution in the Middle East, I propose that the import, the Arabization and Islamization of the term responsibility, as a key catalyst. Although the concept of responsibility is fundamental to the message of Islam, it is alluded to by an assortment of terms that seem to have fallen out of the day-to-day vernacular of Arab communities. The adoption of the term mas’uliyyah has served to express this fundamental concept. Furthermore, given its origin in post-Enlightenment Western political philosophy, the term provides a rare conceptual bridge between regions termed Western and Middle Eastern, in addition to being a linguistic vehicle capable of coarticulating modern Western and traditional Islamic thoughts. In this article, I trace the Arabization and Islamization of the term responsibility to nineteenth-century nahDah literature and its current establishment in different Islamic currents and schools. Moreover, I explain the utility of the term to express authentically Islamic vocabulary that has been forsaken in political terminology of the past two centuries.I propose that the presence of this now familiar term was instrumental in articulating the necessity of political change in a manner that resonated with millions of Arabs educated according to a modern Western model of education. Finally, I predict that the term responsibility will allow for a “new kinda fiqh” appropriate for an activated citizenry.
42
Elewa, Ahmed. "Articulating “Responsibility” as a Prerequisite for the Arab Spring." American Journal of Islam and Society 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2012): 42–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.35632/ajis.v29i3.318.
Анотація:
In delineating the causes behind nonmilitant uprising and revolution in the Middle East, I propose that the import, the Arabization and Islamization of the term responsibility, as a key catalyst. Although the concept of responsibility is fundamental to the message of Islam, it is alluded to by an assortment of terms that seem to have fallen out of the day-to-day vernacular of Arab communities. The adoption of the term mas’uliyyah has served to express this fundamental concept. Furthermore, given its origin in post-Enlightenment Western political philosophy, the term provides a rare conceptual bridge between regions termed Western and Middle Eastern, in addition to being a linguistic vehicle capable of coarticulating modern Western and traditional Islamic thoughts. In this article, I trace the Arabization and Islamization of the term responsibility to nineteenth-century nahDah literature and its current establishment in different Islamic currents and schools. Moreover, I explain the utility of the term to express authentically Islamic vocabulary that has been forsaken in political terminology of the past two centuries.I propose that the presence of this now familiar term was instrumental in articulating the necessity of political change in a manner that resonated with millions of Arabs educated according to a modern Western model of education. Finally, I predict that the term responsibility will allow for a “new kinda fiqh” appropriate for an activated citizenry.
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Akintoye, Oluwole Samuel. "Ilaje names: an appraisal of Yoruba culture." Language in Africa 2, no. 2 (July 30, 2021): 83–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.37892/2686-8946-2021-2-2-83-104.
Анотація:
Naming is an intrinsic aspect of the Yorùbá culture. Beyond identification tags, it also serves as an anchorage to project culture, didactics and the destiny of a name-bearer, particularly in Ìlàjẹ communities of Oǹdó State, Nigeria. Notwithstanding, critics of Yorùbá names have overlooked the deep historicity and culture preservation entrenched into Ìlàjẹ names. This study, therefore, examines Ìlàjẹ names based on their linguistic and religious significance to consolidate the need for culture retention among the Yorùbá. The study employs traditional criticism as a theoretical construct to analyze the primary data, which were indigenous names collected through oral interviews from indigenes of Ìlàjẹ communities. The secondary data comprised of books, journals, internet articles on names. Findings reveal that despite modern civilization and western religion, Ìlàjẹ communities maintain indigenous names which bother on profound Yorùbá culture manifested in the names of their children and their ornate consequence within the broader spectrum of the Yorùbá culture. Ìlàjẹ names were categorized based on association with prominent Yorùbá concepts like destiny, death, religion, metaphysics, morality, children, kinship, social relations and wealth. The study though a contribution to existing knowledge on Yorùbá names is a unique interdisciplinary blend of culture and linguistics of Ìlàjẹ communities.
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Sharov, Konstantin S. "Gender-Neutral Linguistic Transformations of Messianic Scriptures in the Modern Anglican Homiletic Literature." Russian Journal of Linguistics 23, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 523–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-9182-2019-23-2-523-543.
Анотація:
Actuality. Our time is characterised by the penetration of egalitarian ideas of Western liberalism and political correctness in the sphere of language. Language, speech, communication practices are reviewed and revised to determine if they are politically correct. Religious and sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism do not stand aside from the careful examination of the followers of the ideas of compiling a politically correct Bible. The purpose of this article is to find out if it is possible to change the texts of English translations of the Christian Bible, from a theological and linguistic point of view, and if it is possible to consider gender-neutral versions of Messianic passages of the English Bible as authentic, suitable for the correct transmission of meaning, i.e. reading, theological and historical analysis, as well as liturgical practice. The object of the research is represented by the texts of several widely used in modern Anglicanism gender-neutral English versions of the Bible: The Inclusive Bible: The First Egalitarian Translation by Priests for Equality (IBFET, 2009); New English Translation (NET, 1998); New International Version Inclusive Language Edition (NIVI, 1995). King James’ Bible original version (KJV) of 1611 edition is used as a reference point. Research techniques include the method of contextual analysis, comparative method, structural method, comparative historical method. Such taxonomic units of sacred Messianic texts as son of God, son of man, the lord, the master, the king, heaven kingdom , constructions of common grammatical gender are analysed. It is demonstrated that in almost all cases of gender-neutral constructions use, the meaning of the text changes: from insignificant changes to the reproduction of openly heretical views from the viewpoint of traditional Anglicanism. Our study shews that gender-neutral language introduces new feminist meanings into Messianic sacred texts, which were not previously contained there. Gender-neutral English translations of the Christian Bible cease to be canonical from the point of view of Christian theology. Nevertheless, gender-neutral philological strategies of modifying the ways of modern Anglican preaching can be an extremely interesting and instructive example of the fact that in the modern world certain social and political discourses can stand behind Christian homiletics.
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Joubert, S. J. "No culture shock? Addressing the Achilles heel of modern Bible translations." Verbum et Ecclesia 22, no. 2 (August 11, 2001): 314–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/ve.v22i2.650.
Анотація:
Modem Bible translations are often more sensitive to the needs of their intended readers than to the right of biblical texts to be heard on their own terms as religious artefacts from the ancient Mediterranean world. Since all biblical documents linguistically embody socio-religious meanings derived from ancient Mediterranean societies, they also need to be experienced as different, even alien, by modem readers. Without an initial culture shock in encountering a Bible translation modem people are held prisoners by Western translations of the Bible. Therefore, translations should instil a new sensitivity among modem readers to the socio-cultural distance between them and the original contexts of the Bible. In order to help facilitate this historical awareness, a new generation of "value added" translations must, in creative and responsible ways, begin to provide a minimum amount of cultural information to assist modem readers in assigning legitimate meanings to the linguistic signs encapsulated on the pages of the Bible.
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Sibgatullina, Gulnaz. "Читая Асада, Ахмеда и Халлака: что есть ислам сегодня?" Islamology 10, № 2 (4 червня 2021): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24848/islmlg.10.2.01.
Анотація:
This essay is a brief review of three books, What is Islam? The importance of being Islamic by Shahab Ahmed (2016), Secular translations: Nation-state, Modern Self, and Calculative Reason by Talal Asad (2018), and Restating Orientalism: A Critique of Modern Knowledge by Wael Hallaq (2018). The authors’ arguments are analyzed in terms of the ongoing “linguistic turn” in Western studies of Islam, that is, the creation of a methodological paradigm that recognizes the value of the polysemy of the global Muslim community (past and present) and pays attention to multiple languages (imperial, colonial, academic, etc.) to describe Islam. The essay concludes with a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of this paradigm and its applicability to studies of Islam in Russia.
47
Harootunian, H. D., and Bob Tadashi Wakabayashi. "Anti-Foreignism and Western Learning in Early-Modern Japan: The New Theses of 1825." Journal of Japanese Studies 14, no. 1 (1988): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/132539.
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Fukuzawa, Naomi Charlotte. "Autoexotic Literary Encounters between Meiji Japan and the West: Sōseki Natsume's “The Tower of London” (1905) and Lafcadio Hearn's Kwaidan (1904)." PMLA/Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 132, no. 2 (March 2017): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/pmla.2017.132.2.447.
Анотація:
As Roland Barthes's epoch-making essay Empire of Signs suggests, in a slightly orientalist tone itself, modern japanese culture is a fascinating kaleidoscope of Eastern and Western cultures, but at the same time a strong purism is inherent in its aestheticized nationalism. In this essay, I offer a comparative literary analysis of select travel writings that emerge out of Japanese-European encounters in the Meiji era (1868–1912) to show the cultural dynamism of the time, after the Edo period (1603–1852), when Japan first opened its borders to the West. My analysis of Japan of that time as an Eastern-Western contact zone is based on Homi Bhabha's notion of cultural hybridity and Mary Louise Pratt's understanding of a cultural encounter in an asymmetrical power constellation. Japan has never been a colony, escaping Western imperialism through the (sakoku; “closed country”) policy of the shogun Tokugawa Ieyasu, who banned all Christian missionaries and Western foreigners from the insular empire. In the Meiji modernization in 1868, the old samurai elites imported select reforms from Western Europe, notably from England, France, and Germany, to Japan. This is why Yōichi Komori claimed that Japan is a “self-colonized” () culture (Posutokoroniaru 8). Through the Meiji elite's adoption of certain modern ways from Germany, France, England, and the United States, an “imitative modernity” came into being.
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Karamanian, Armen Samuel. "‘He Wasn’t Able to Understand What I Was Saying’: The Experiences of Returnees’ Speaking Western Armenian in ‘Eastern’ Armenia." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 16, no. 1-2 (November 13, 2019): 120–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.6290.
Анотація:
Since Armenia’s independence in 1991, thousands of diasporans have made the decision to return and settle in the ancestral homeland. The returnees, who speak Western Armenian, one of the two standardised forms of modern Armenian, are switching to the use of Eastern Armenian, the official variant of the homeland. Using two determinants of language perception—standardisation and vitality—this paper analyses the reactions received by thirty returnees who emigrated from nine countries, when speaking Western Armenian to an Eastern Armenian-speaking society. The vitality of the language shows signs of increasing through an encouragement by locals aware of the language’s historical significance, and an admiration of its ‘beauty’ and terminology. A heightened vitality has led returnees to feel confident about its use during social interactions and the possibility of the standard being incorporated into the nation’s linguistic narrative. However, confusion and ridicule due to a differing pronunciation, vocabulary, terminology, and the inability to be understood by some in Armenian society, has led to discomfort by returnees who are shifting to the usage of Eastern Armenian. At present, the use of Western Armenian in the homeland remains within the confines of family, friends and returnee circles. Despite the changing status of Western Armenian through a notable welcoming of the language into the linguistic narrative of the country, some segments of Armenian society do not perceive Western Armenian as an acceptable standard for broader use in Armenian society and national institutions. The homeland’s inconsistent, and at times questionable, acceptance of the language perpetuates the status quo that Western Armenian remains an unacceptable standard within the homeland and for use only in the diaspora.
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Peasah Owusu, Linda, Thomas Prehi Botchway, Linda Peasah Owusu, Elijah Tukwariba Yin, and Constantine Kojo Mawuena Kudzedzi. "Reflections on identity and terrorism: A tale of misfit." University of Cape Coast Law Journal 1, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 81–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.47963/ucclj.v1i1.225.
Анотація:
This paper focuses on the relationship between discursive exclusion practices and terrorism. The changing linguistic meaning of civilisation, the structure of modern discourse and the objectivity of knowledge claims undergirding western civilisation have contributed immensely to the construction of the idea of terrorism. The paper argues that these expressions of self and practices define the individual and give credence to their existence. Using some examples of violent acts, the paper illuminates the biases in the usage of the term terrorism and its implications on the apparatuses adopted to minimise it.