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Готові списки джерел за темами / Motility and morphology

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Motility and morphology"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 12 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Motility and morphology":

1

NAKAMURA, Shuichi. "Morphology and motility of the spirochetes." Nippon Saikingaku Zasshi 69, no. 3 (2014): 527–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3412/jsb.69.527.

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Krockova, J., S. Roychoudhury, T. Slanina, G. Formicki, L. J. Binkowski, L. Ondruska, N. Lukac, R. Kovacova, R. Stawarz, and P. Massanyi. "Lead induced alterations in rabbit spermatozoa motility and morphology in vitro." Czech Journal of Animal Science 61, No. 9 (September 27, 2016): 391–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/58/2015-cjas.

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3

SCHATTE, EDWARD C., STEVEN J. HIRSHBERG, MARK L. FALLICK, LARRY I. LIPSHULTZ, and EDWARD D. KIM. "VARICOCELECTOMY IMPROVES SPERM STRICT MORPHOLOGY AND MOTILITY." Journal of Urology 160, no. 4 (October 1998): 1338–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)62531-x.

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4

Jeyaraju, Danny V., Giulia Cisbani, and Luca Pellegrini. "Calcium regulation of mitochondria motility and morphology." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics 1787, no. 11 (November 2009): 1363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbabio.2008.12.005.

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5

Darsini, Ninik, Berliana Hamidah, Seso Sulijaya Suyono, Faisal Yusuf Ashari, R. Haryanto Aswin, and Rina Yudiwati. "Human Sperm Motility, Viability, and Morphology Decreased after Cryopreservation." Folia Medica Indonesiana 55, no. 3 (October 3, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v55i3.15501.

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The aim of this study was to analyze human sperm motility, viability, and morphology before and after cryopreservation. This true laboratory experimental study had pre and post randomized one group design. The study was conducted at the Embryology, Andrology, and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga from August to November 2017. The eighteen samples of fresh semen were collected from male volunteers who agreed and signed the informed consent of the study. Samples were analyzed their motility, viability, and morphology before and after cryopreservation. Results of this study indicated differentiation between motility before and after cryopreservation. Cryopreservation process decreased progressive motility (42.22 + 9.46%; 17.83 + 6.24%; p< 0.0001) and increased the number of immotile spermatozoa (35.44 + 10.15%; 60.11 + 12.53%; p< 0.0001). Cryopreservation also decreased human sperm viability (73.78 + 8.91%; 40.83 + 12.89%; p< 0.0001) and morphology (10.94 + 4.96%; 7.39 + 3.90%; p< 0.0001). Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa caused the decreased of motility, viability, and morphology.

6

Kastelic, JP, RE Wilde, G. Rizzoto, and JC Thundathil. "Hyperthermia and not hypoxia may reduce sperm motility and morphology following testicular hyperthermia." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 8 (August 24, 2017): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/124/2016-vetmed.

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The mammalian testis typically operates on the brink of hypoxia; the long-standing dogma is that increased testicular temperature increases metabolism, but blood flow is unaffected and the resulting hypoxia reduces sperm motility and morphology. In rats and mice, oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) content of inspired air affected O<sub>2</sub> content of testes, enabling the latter to range from approximately 50 to more than 200% of physiologic concentrations. A ram model was used to test the hypotheses that hypoxia would disrupt sperm motility and morphology and that hyperoxia would prevent hyperthermia-induced reductions in sperm motility and morphology. Eighteen Canadian Arcott rams (approximately 10 months old) were used in a 2 × 3 factorial, with factors being scrotal insulation (insulated or not insulated) and O<sub>2 </sub>concentrations in inspired air (14, 21 or 85%). Six rams, three with and three without scrotal insulation, were placed in each of three enclosed areas for 30 h to expose them to their respective oxygen concentrations, with scrotal insulation removed at the end of the exposure. Semen was collected by electro-ejaculation twice before insulation, bi-weekly for four weeks starting one week after exposures, and then once weekly for two weeks. There were effects of insulation, time and an insulation × time interaction for motile sperm and sperm that had normal morphology or head or midpiece defects (P < 0.01 for each). Sperm motility and morphology exhibited alterations between approximately two and five weeks after insulation, with mean progressively motile and morphologically normal sperm decreasing from approximately 55 to 35% and from 80 to 30%, respectively, and with head and midpiece defects increasing from approximately 3 to 50% and from 10 to 20% (P < 0.05 for each). The hypotheses that hypoxia would disrupt sperm quality and production, whereas hyperoxia would prevent hyperthermia-induced reductions in sperm quality and production, were not supported. This is apparently the first report that heat-stress induced damage to sperm was due to increased temperature per se and not testicular hypoxia, calling into question a long-standing paradigm.

7

Nikolovski, Martin, Monika Dovenska, Ksenija Ilievska, Nikola Adamov, Branko Atanasov, Miroslav Radeski, Daniela Kirovski, Vladimir Petkov, and Toni Dovenski. "Homologous Seminal Plasma and Glutathione Promote Pre-Capacitation Motility and Structural Stability of Cryopreserved Ram Spermatozoa." Macedonian Veterinary Review 42, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/macvetrev-2019-0022.

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Abstract Reduced glutathione (GSH) and homologous ram seminal plasma (HSP), used as additives in cryopreserving (CP) media prior to freezing, showed conflicting results in retaining structural integrity and progressive motility in post-thawed ram spermatozoa. The aims of this research were: (1) to assess the effect of GSH and/or HSP supplementation via soybean-lecithin CP extender on cryopreserved ram spermatozoa viability, morphology and motility pattern; and (2) to assess the effect of incubation in the context of the previous aim. Quantitatively and qualitatively, homogenized and pooled ram ejaculates (N=10) were extended with one of the following extenders: control (C) – tris-based, GSH and HSP-free, experimental-1 (E1) – C + GSH 5 mM, experimental-2 (E2) – C + HSP 20 % and experimental-3 (E3) - GSH 5 mM + HSP 20 %. Following thawing, samples were taken at 0- and 3-hours from each group (n=10) and were assessed for spermatozoa viability, morphology, and motility pattern. C-0h samples yielded a spermatozoa population with low viability, altered head morphology and highly deviated motility pattern. E3-3h samples yielded spermatozoa with unaffected viability, head morphology and high progressive motility. In conclusion, E3 extender added to cryopreserved-thawed ram spermatozoa is most efficient in obtaining high viability, unaltered head morphology, and progressive motility.

8

Lampiao, Fanuel, and Joseph Chisaka. "Incidence and impact of hyperviscosity on sperm parameters of Malawian men seeking assisted reproduction." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.3.

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Background: Seminal hyperviscosity has been shown to be associated with male infertility. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of hyperviscosity in semen of Malawian males seeking infertility treatment. Methods: A total of 120 men visiting our laboratory for fertility assessment donated semen samples. The semen samples were assessed for hyperviscosity, volume, concentration, total motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology. Results: Out of the 120 samples analyzed, 34 samples were hyperviscous representing 28.3%. No significant statistical differ- ence in semen volume between samples with normal viscosity compared to those with hyperviscosity (p>0.05). Sperm concen- tration, progressive motility, total motility, viability, and normal morphology were significantly higher in the normal viscosity group when compared to the abnormal viscocity group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hyperviscosity affects a significant number of men in Malawi and may be the cause of decreased fertility as it was associated with poor sperm concentration, total motility, progressive motility, viability, and morphology. Keywords: Viscosity; sperm motility; accessory sex glands; infertility; semen; semen analysis; spermatozoa.

9

Fatrin, Tiara, Salni Salni, Sri Nita, Rachmat Hidayat, Triwani Triwani, Joko Marwoto, Ziske Maritska, et al. "The Efficacy of Temu Putih Fraction (Curcuma Zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) Related Quality and Quantity of Spermatozoa in Male Wistar Rats." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 1, no. 1 (October 31, 2017): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v1i1.12.

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Background Male participation in KB is still relatively low when compared to the participationof women. Researchers have to do research to find the contraception drug. Temu putih (Curcuma Zedoaria (Berg) Roscoe) is one of traditional herb that used as antifertility. Aim of Study Aim of this study to examine change in the amount, motility, morphology, and viability spermatozoa male rats (rattus norvegicus) due to temu putih fraction suplementation. Methods This study was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD), post test with control group design. The sample in this study was 30 male rats, 10 weeks old, weight 150-200 gram. Rats were given temu putih fraction (n hexan, etylacetate and methanol-water) at dose of 300 mg/kgBB/day for 48 days. Temu putih was extracted by ethanol and did fractionation by liquid-liquid methods. The results of this study were assayed by SPSS 18. Results The amount, motility, morphology and viability of spermatozoa in the group of metanol fraction of water decreased compared with the control group (p= 0,000), motilitas of spermatozoa in the group of metanol water fraction decreased compared with the control group. Conclusion Temu putih fraction can reduce the amount, motility, morphology, and viability of spermatozoa in male rats. Keywords: Fraction, Temu Putih, Amount of spermatozoa, Motility of spermatozoa, Viability Of Spermatozoa

10

Mladenović, I., S. Mićić, N. Papić, O. Genbaćev, and B. Marinkovlć. "Sperm Morphology and Motility in Different Age Populations." Archives of Andrology 32, no. 3 (January 1994): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/01485019408987786.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Motility and morphology":

1

Marth, Wieland. "Hydrodynamic Diffuse Interface Models for Cell Morphology and Motility." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-204651.

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In this thesis, we study mathematical models that describe the morphology of a generalized biological cell in equilibrium or under the influence of external forces. Within these models, the cell is considered as a thermodynamic system, where streaming effects in the cell bulk and the surrounding are coupled with a Helfrich-type model for the cell membrane. The governing evolution equations for the cell given in a continuum formulation are derived using an energy variation approach. Such two-phase flow problems that combine streaming effects with a free boundary problem that accounts for bending and surface tension can be described effectively by a diffuse interface approach. An advantage of the diffuse interface approach is that models for e.g. different biophysical processes can easily be combined. That makes this method suitable to describe complex phenomena such as cell motility and multi-cell dynamics. Within the first model for cell motility, we combine a biological network for GTPases with the hydrodynamic Helfrich-type model. This model allows to account for cell motility driven by membrane protrusion as a result of actin polymerization. Within the second model, we moreover extend the Helfrich-type model by an active gel theory to account for the actin filaments in the cell bulk. Caused by contractile stress within the actin-myosin solution, a spontaneous symmetry breaking event occurs that lead to cell motility. In this thesis, we further study the dynamics of multiple cells which is of wide interest since it reveals rich non-linear behavior. To apply the diffuse interface framework, we introduce several phase field variables to account for several cells that are coupled by a local interaction potential. In a first application, we study white blood cell margination, a biological phenomenon that results from the complex relation between collisions, different mechanical properties and lift forces of red blood cells and white blood cells within the vascular system. Here, it is shown that inertial effects, which can become of relevance in various parts of the cardiovascular system, lead to a decreasing tendency for margination with increasing Reynolds number. Finally, we combine the active polar gel theory and the multi-cell approach that is capable of studying collective migration of cells. This hydrodynamic approach predicts that collective migration emerges spontaneously forming coherently-moving clusters as a result of the mutual alignment of the velocity vectors during inelastic collisions. We further observe that hydrodynamics heavily influence those systems. However, a complete suppression of the onset of collective migration cannot be confirmed. Moreover, we give a brief insight how such highly coupled systems can be treated numerically using finite elements and how the numerical costs can be limited using operator splitting approaches and problem parallelization with OPENMP
Diese Dissertation beschäftigt sich mit mathematischen Modellen zur Beschreibung von Gleichgewichts- und dynamischen Zuständen von verallgemeinerten biologischen Zellen. Die Zellen werden dabei als thermodynamisches System aufgefasst, bei dem Strömungseffekte innerhalb und außerhalb der Zelle zusammen mit einem Helfrich-Modell für Zellmembranen kombiniert werden. Schließlich werden durch einen Energie-Variations-Ansatz die Evolutionsgleichungen für die Zelle hergeleitet. Es ergeben sie dabei Mehrphasen-Systeme, die Strömungseffekte mit einem freien Randwertproblem, das zusätzlich physikalischen Einflüssen wie Biegung und Oberflächenspannung unterliegt, vereinen. Um solche Probleme effizient zu lösen, wird in dieser Arbeit die Diffuse-Interface-Methode verwendet. Ein Vorteil dieser Methode ist, dass es sehr einfach möglich ist, Modelle, die verschiedenste Prozesse beschreiben, miteinander zu vereinen. Dies erlaubt es, komplexe biologische Phänomene, wie zum Beispiel Zellmotilität oder auch die kollektive Bewegung von Zellen, zu beschreiben. In den Modellen für Zellmotilität wird ein biologisches Netzwerk-Modell für GTPasen oder auch ein Active-Polar-Gel-Modell, das die Aktinfilamente im Inneren der Zellen als Flüssigkristall auffasst, mit dem Multi-Phasen-Modell kombiniert. Beide Modelle erlauben es, komplexe Vorgänge bei der selbst hervorgerufenen Bewegung von Zellen, wie das Vorantreiben der Zellmembran durch Aktinpolymerisierung oder auch die Kontraktionsbewegung des Zellkörpers durch kontraktile Spannungen innerhalb des Zytoskelets der Zelle, zu verstehen. Weiterhin ist die kollektive Bewegung von vielen Zellen von großem Interesse, da sich hier viele nichtlineare Phänomene zeigen. Um das Diffuse-Interface-Modell für eine Zelle auf die Beschreibung mehrerer Zellen zu übertragen, werden mehrere Phasenfelder eingeführt, die die Zellen jeweils kennzeichnen. Schließlich werden die Zellen durch ein lokales Abstoßungspotential gekoppelt. Das Modell wird angewendet, um White blood cell margination, das die Annäherung von Leukozyten an die Blutgefäßwand bezeichnet, zu verstehen. Dieser Prozess wird dabei bestimmt durch den komplexen Zusammenhang zwischen Kollisionen, den jeweiligen mechanischen Eigenschaften der Zellen, sowie deren Auftriebskraft innerhalb der Adern. Die Simulationen zeigen, dass diese Annäherung sich in bestimmten Gebieten des kardiovaskulären Systems stark vermindert, in denen die Blutströmung das Stokes-Regime verlässt. Schließlich wird das Active-Polar-Gel-Modell mit dem Modell für die kollektive Bewegung vom Zellen kombiniert. Dies macht es möglich, die kollektive Bewegung der Zellen und den Einfluss von Hydrodynamik auf diese Bewegung zu untersuchen. Es zeigt sich dabei, dass der Zustand der kollektiven gerichteten Bewegung sich spontan aus der Neuausrichtung der jeweiligen Zellen durch inelastische Kollisionen ergibt. Obwohl die Hydrodynamik einen großen Einfluss auf solche Systeme hat, deuten die Simulationen nicht daraufhin, dass Hydrodynamik die kollektive Bewegung vollständig unterdrückt. Weiterhin wird in dieser Arbeit gezeigt, wie die stark gekoppelten Systeme numerisch gelöst werden können mit Hilfe der Finiten-Elemente-Methode und wie die Effizienz der Methode gesteigert werden kann durch die Anwendung von Operator-Splitting-Techniken und Problemparallelisierung mittels OPENMP

2

Milner, David Stephen. "Regulatory genetics of cell morphology, motility and polarity in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716668.

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Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus invade Gram-negative bacteria in a predatory process requiring type IV pili (T4P) at a single invasive pole. Bdellovibrio can encounter prey cells by flagellar motility in liquid culture, or by adventurous gliding motility on a solid surface. After T4P-mediated prey-invasion into the periplasm, the Bdellovibrio degrades the prey-cell nutrients to grow from both poles as a filament inside a now-rounded prey cell or ‘bdelloplast’. The growing Bdellovibrio cell must then partition DNA and proteins along a multinucleoid filament, before synchronous septation generates either an even or odd number of vibroid progeny. My thesis project investigated the control of cell morphology, polarity and surface motility in Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus. This study first focused on DivIVA, a protein involved in a variety of processes including polar peptidoglycan synthesis, control of cell morphology and control of septum formation at mid-cell in other bacteria. The Bdellovibrio DivIVA homologue was shown to have an important role in maintaining cell morphology, with fluorescent localisation and gene deletion studies suggesting that DivlVABd is likely to be involved in directing peptidoglycan synthesis, and could also play a role in septum biosynthesis. The product of a parA gene (bd3906), encoded adjacent to the Bdellovibrio ParB homologue and shown to be essential in Bdellovibrio by a previous study, was shown here to be involved in the ‘canonical’ Par role of Bdellovibrio chromosome partitioning. The function of ‘orphan’ ParA1 (Bd1326), so called because of the lack of a neighbouring parB gene, requires further investigation, though co-transcription of parA1 with neighbouring gene bolA, could implicate ParA1 as involved in the switch between Bdellovibrio growth and division. The ‘orphan’ ParA2 protein (Bd2331) was found by mutagenesis and fluorescent tagging to be involved in the regulation of reversals during Bdellovibrio adventurous gliding motility. When ParA2 was present at both poles of a Bdellovibrio cell, the cell was unable to glide on a surface, implicating ParA2 as involved in the inhibition of gliding motility. Concordant with this, deletion of parA2 resulted in cells which made more frequent reversals during gliding motility

3

Wheeler, Ann. "The role of Rho GTPases in regulation of macrophage motility and morphology." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2005. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1446723/.

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Rho GTPases are important regulators of cell motility and morphology. Mammals have three highly homologous Rho proteins, RhoA, RhoB and RhoC. The aim of this thesis was to determine whether individual isoforms of Rho have unique functions in the regulation of cell motility using primary bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) as a model system. BMMs were shown to express RhoA, RhoB but not RhoC. BMMs were analysed to determine the role of RhoA and RhoB in motility and morphology. A comparison between RhoA and RhoB-null was carried out using a combination of RhoB-null BMMs, and BMM treated with the pan Rho inhibitor C3-transferase and the Rho kinase inhibitor Y27632. RhoB-null BMMs moved faster and had a smaller spread area than wild-types. Whereas BMM treated with C3-transferase and Y27632 had reduced migration. The RhoB-null BMMs did not change shape following CSF-1 withdrawal unlike wild-type cells. Analysis of BMM spreading and adhesion revealed that deletion of RhoB caused defects in the initial stages of cell spreading and adhesion. Interestingly in RhoB-null BMMs the GTPase activity of RhoA and Rac1 and phosphorylation of their targets LIMK and MLC was decreased less in response to withdrawal of CSF-1 than in wildtype cells. This suggests that RhoB may be acting as a 'brake' for RhoA activity.

4

Zhang, Yang. "A dynamical systems modelling framework for breast cancer cell motility and morphology analysis." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16014/.

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Cancer is a worldwide disease and, in the UK, breast cancer is the most common. Compared to healthy cells, cancer cells migrate abnormally, associated with alterations in cell motility and morphology. The development of biomedical imaging techniques result in the production of large amounts of data. The analysis of such large data, the variety of cancer cell shapes and the potential links between cell motility and morphology present a challenge for cell migration study: how to analyse cell motility and morphology simultaneously. This thesis proposes a computational framework to address integrated cancer cell migration analysis. Firstly, automated tracking of cell boundaries is undertaken by a DWNA kinematic model of cell boundaries, described by B-spline active contours. The tracked cell states intrinsically links cell morphology to motility features. As a result, cell centroid and boundary dynamics are successfully tracked, followed by quantitative motility analysis. A module to quantitatively analyse cell morphology is proposed after tracking. Cell shapes are described by a 2D descriptor. Accordingly, cell morphodynamics are modelled as a hidden Markov process, along with three shape states: round, elongated and teardrop. In order to explore the potential interactions between cell shapes and motility, cell centroid motility characteristics are associated to the identified shape states. When the analysis was applied to breast cancer control cells, the identified shape states showed distinct motility characteristics. Finally, the proposed framework is adapted to the comparison of MDA-MB-231 cell behaviours with regulating migration-associated proteins: i) Blebbistatin and Y-27632, which are chemical inhibitors of two different proteins working on the same pathway, showed identical, but different degrees of effects on the motility and morphology characteristics of MDA-MB-231 cells. ii) The absence of FA-associated genes, including FAK, RhoE and beta-PIX, respectively showed distinct effects on cell migrations.

5

DiGrassie, Wynne Aubin. "Evaluation of Stallion Frozen-Thawed Semen Using Conventional and Flow Cytometric Assays." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33896.

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Field evaluation of frozen-thawed stallion semen has been limited to tests such as post-thaw motility and morphology that are not only subjective but also evaluate only a small population of cells. Flow cytometry has provided a quick, repeatable, objective method of evaluating a large number of cells, including spermatozoa. Two experiments were designed to first validate the use of several flow cytometric tests on frozen-thawed stallion semen and then determine a model that may best explain variation in fertility. Comparing samples that were live and freeze-killed validated the flow cytometric tests.

In experiment one, six ejaculates were collected from each of three stallions. The semen from each ejaculate was centrifuged and frozen in 0.5 ml polyvinyl chloride straws. Two straws from each ejaculate were thawed and evaluated. Semen was evaluated for post-thaw motility, morphology, mitochondrial activity using Rhodamine 123 (R123), plasma membrane integrity using propidium iodide (PI) and ethidium monoazide (EMA), and chromatin structure using the sperm chromatin structure assay (SCSA). Data was recorded as percentages for all but the SCSA for both experiment one and two. The extent of chromatin denaturation was calculated using the SCSA and the alpha-t population [at = red/(red +green) fluorescence]. From the alpha-t population, statistics were calculated such mean (Xat), standard deviation (SDat), percentage of cells outside (COMPat) the main alpha-t population and the mean green fluorescence (mean green) of the population.

Results from experiment one demonstrated that all flow cytometric tests except EMA were able to distinguish between live and freeze-killed samples (p < 0.0001). Also the stallion accounted for most of the variation in samples when compared to ejaculate and straw within an ejaculate. Therefore two straws could be chosen at random from a stallion and evaluated in experiment two.

In experiment two, twenty-nine stallions were evaluated using the same tests as experiment one excluding EMA. Fertility data was obtained from the 1998 or 1999 breeding season. Multiple linear regression was used to determine the best-fit model to predict overall pregnancy rate. SCSA and R123-PI assays accounted for the largest amount of variation in fertility (R² = 0.65, p < 0.0004). Within SCSA and the R123/PI assays Xat and PI staining had the highest contribution to this variation in fertility (R² = 0.11, R² = 0.47) respectively. The best-fit model for predicting fertility included the assay combination listed above and the interactions between SDat and mean green staining as well as R123 and mean green staining. Post-thaw motility and morphology did not account for significant variation in fertility (p = 0.22, p = 0.46) respectively.

Based on this project post-thaw motility and morphology are poor predictors of fertility in frozen-thawed stallion semen. However, through the addition of SCSA and R123-PI to the routine evaluation of frozen-thawed stallion semen time and money may be saved in advance by identifying those stallions with poor post-thaw fertility.
Master of Science

6

Rapuling, Llewelen. "Proteomic analysis of human sperm proteins in relation to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5205.

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Bibliography
Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Male infertility is often associated with impaired sperm motility and morphology (asthenoteratozoospermia) for which there is no specific therapeutic treatment. It has come to light that the modification and expression of human sperm proteins play a crucial role in sperm function. In the present study, we present proteomic data of human spermatozoa in the context of sperm dysfunction. Novel techniques have been used to successfully isolate and identify differences in protein expression on a cellular level associated with asthenoteratozoospermia. In the first part of the study, differences in protein expression within the total sperm proteome were investigated between immature and mature sperm populations. Semen was collected from healthy donors (n=23) and separated into mature and immature sperm populations by 3-layer Percoll gradient centrifugation. Cells were washed and motility and morphology were measured by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA). For the proteomic investigation cells were lysed and proteins separated by means of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2D electrophoresis). PD-Quest was used to identify the differentially expressed proteins. The protein spots of interest were excised and subjected to in-gel digestion. Peptides were separated by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis and amino acid sequences determined by mass spectrophotometry. Proteins were identified by Mascot, using the Swiss Prot database. The results show that the motility (immature; 26.1±1.75% total motile cells vs. mature; 60.93±3.24% total motile cells; p<0.001) and morphology parameters (immature; 64.1±2.75% normal head morphology vs. mature; 87.63±3.24% normal head morphology; p<0.001) of the two populations differed significantly. After 2D electrophoresis, 16 differentially expressed protein spots were identified within the total sperm proteome between the immature and mature sperm populations. 56% of the differentially expressed proteins were more abundant in the immature sperm population compared to the mature sperm population. Functions have been ascribed to these proteins of which only four proteins, namely Tubulin -3C/D chain, Tubulin -2C chain, Outer dense fibre protein 2 and A-Kinase anchoring protein 4 precursor, were directly related to sperm motility and morphology. In the second part of the study the expression of nuclear proteins in human spermatozoa was investigated between immature and mature sperm populations. Semen was collected from healthy donors (n=156) and further separated from the seminal plasma by PureSperm® gradient centrifugation. The immature and mature sperm populations were retrieved and used during further analysis. For the proteomic analysis of nuclear proteins, cells were fractionated into four different subcellular protein fractions, instead of analyzing the whole sperm proteome. The results show that the motility (immature; 32.33±0.51% total motile cells vs. mature; 88.67±0.85% total motile cells; p<0.0001) and morphology parameters (immature; 13.51±0.87% normal head morphology vs. mature; 20.89±1.20% normal head morphology; p<0.0001) of the two populations differ significantly. After 2D electrophoresis, 21 differentially expressed nuclear proteins were identified between the immature and mature sperm populations. 95% of the differentially expressed nuclear proteins were less abundant in the immature population compared to the mature population. Only one nuclear protein namely 78kDa Glucose regulated protein was more abundant in the immature population compared to the mature population. Functions ascribed to these individual proteins were directly related to sperm motility, morphology and energy metabolism. In conclusion,In conclusion, in the current study novel techniques have been employed to investigate protein differences between immature and mature sperm populations. From these results it is evident that protein expression in the total sperm proteome and nuclear protein fraction is significantly different and incomplete in the immature population, compared to mature population. Based on these findings, it is recommended that further studies should be done on human spermatozoa to validate the role of the individual proteins in sperm function. Proteomics is an ideal tool to identify idiopathic causes of male infertility, as it can help to identify novel receptors (and signal transduction pathways) that can be used in the screening of drugs to alleviate sperm dysfunction.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Manlike infertiliteit word dikwels geassosieer met verlaagde sperm motiliteit en morfologie (asthenoteratozoospermia) waarvoor daar tot dusver nog geen spesifieke terapeutiese behandeling is nie. Dit het aan die lig gekom dat die modifisering en uitdrukking van menslike sperm proteïene ‘n belangrike rol speel in spermfunksie. In die huidige studie stel ons data voor van proteiene in menslike sperme in die konteks van abnormale spermfunksie. Unieke tegnieke was gebruik om verskille in proteïen uitdrukking op sellulêre vlak suksesvol te isoleer en identifiseer wat verband hou met asthenoteratozoospermia. Tydens die eerste deel van die studie was verskille in proteïen uitdrukking binne die totale spermproteoom tussen onvolwasse en volwasse spermpopulasies ondersoek. Sperme van gesonde skenkers (n=23) is geskei in twee spermpopulasies (onvolwasse en volwasse sperme) deur middel van ‘n 3-laag Percoll gradiënt sentrifugasie tegniek. Selle is gewas en sperm motiliteit en morfologie is gemeet deur rekenaar geassisteerde sperm analise (CASA). Vir proteomiese analise is selle geliseer en proteïene geskei deur twee dimensionele gel elektroforese (2D-elektroforese). PD-Quest sagteware is gebruik om statisties beduidende proteïen verskille aan te dui. Die proteïene van belang is uitgesny en onderwerp aan in-gel vertering. Peptiede is geskei met behulp van hoë druk vloeistof chromatografie (HPLC) analise en aminosuurvolgordes is bepaal deur massa spektrofotometrie. Proteïene is geïdentifiseer met behulp van Mascot deur van die Swiss Prot databasis gebruik te maak. Die resultate toon dat die sperm motiliteit (onvolwasse; 26.1±1.75% totale motiele selle vs. volwasse; 60.93±3.24% totale motiele selle; p <0,001) en morfologiese parameters (onvolwasse; 64.1±2.75% normale kop morfologie vs. volwasse; 87.63±3.24% normale kop morfologie; p <0,001) tussen die twee populasies beduidend verskil. Na 2Delektroforese is 16 proteïen kolle geïdentifiseer wat beduidend verskil het, tussen die totale sperm proteoom van onvolwasse spermpopulasies en volwasse spermpopulasies. 56% van die proteïene wat beduidend verskil het, was meer uitgedruk in die onvolwasse spermpopulasie ten opsigte van die volwasse sperm populasie. Funksies is toegeskryf aan hierdie proteïene waarvan net vier proteïene naamlik Tubulin -3C/D ketting, Tubulin -2C ketting, Buite digte vesel proteïen 2 en A-Kinase anker proteïen 4 voorloper direk verband hou met sperm motiliteit en morfologie. In die tweede deel van die studie is die uitdrukking van nukluêre proteïene in menslike spermatozoa tussen onvolwasse en volwasse spermpopulasies ondersoek. Sperme was van gesonde skenkers (n=156) versamel en verder geskei van seminale plasma deur middel van ‘n PureSperm® gradiënt sentrifugasie tegniek. Vir die proteomiese analise van nukluêre proteïene is selle gefraksioneer in vier verskillende sub-sellulêre proteïen fraksies, in plaas van analise van die totale spermproteoom. Die resultate toon aan dat die sperm motiliteit (onvolwasse; 32.33±0.51% totale motiele selle vs. volwasse; 88.67±0.85% totale motiele selle; p <0,001) en morfologiese parameters (onvolwasse; 13.51±0.87% normale kop morfologie vs. volwasse; 20.89±1.20% normale kop morfologie; p <0,001) tussen die twee populasies beduidend verskil. Na 2D-elektroforese is 21 kern proteïen kolle geïdentifiseer wat betekenisvol uitgedruk was tussen onvolwasse en volwasse spermpopulasies. 95% van die nukluêre proteïene wat beduidend verskil het, was minder uitgedruk in die onvolwasse spermpopulasie ten opsigte van die volwasse spermpopulasie. Slegs een kern proteïen naamlik 78kDa Glukose gereguleerde proteïen was meer uitgedruk in die onvolwasse spermpopulasie in vergelyking met die volwasse spermpopulasie. Funksies is toegeskryf aan hierdie proteïene wat direk verband hou met sperm motiliteit, morfologie en energie metabolisme. Ten slotte, in die huidige studie is unieke tegnieke geïmplementeer om proteïen verskille tussen onvolwasse en volwasse spermpopulasies te ondersoek. Uit hierdie resultate is dit duidelik dat proteïen uitdrukking in die totale sperm proteoom en in die kern proteïen fraksie beduidend verskil en onvolledig is in die onvolwasse spermpopulasie ten opsigte van die volwasse spermpopulasie. Op grond van hierdie bevindinge word aanbeveel dat verdere studies op menslike sperme gedoen moet word ten einde die rol van individuele proteïene in sperm funksie te kan bepaal. Proteomika is ‘n ideale tegniek om die iodiopatiese oorsake van manlike infertiliteit te identifiseer, aangesien dit kan help in die identifisering van unieke reseptore (en seintransduksie paaie) wat gebruik kan word om sperm disfunksie te verbeter deur farmaseutiese behandeling.

7

MITONAKA, Tomoaki, Yoshiyuki MURAMATSU, Shin SUGIYAMA, Tomoaki MIZUNO, and Yasuyoshi NISHIDA. "Essential roles of myosin phosphatase in the maintenance of epithelial cell integrity of Drosophila imaginal disc cells." Elsevier, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9388.

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8

Bieber, Adrienne. "Effects of chemotherapeutic agents for testicular cancer on male rat reproductive organs and spermatozoal numbers, motility, and morphology." Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83965.

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Testicular cancer (TC) is the most common cancer affecting men of reproductive age; however treatment with bleomycin, etoposide, and cis-platin (BEP) results in extremely high cure rates. The post-treatment quality of life of TC patients is therefore a major concern. The goal of this study was to determine the effects of BEP on sperm count, motility, and morphology in an animal model. Male Sprague Dawley rats were treated with BEP for 9 weeks. Rats were killed, and the numbers, motility, and morphology of the spermatozoa from the epididymides were analyzed. After BEP treatment, sperm counts decreased by almost 10-fold when compared to control (11.9x107 versus 1.65x107 sperm per epididymis). The percent of spermatozoa that were motile was > 30% lower in the treated group compared to control group. Morphological defects increased significantly in both the midpiece and principal piece of the flagella. These results indicate that BEP treatment has significant effects on spermatogenesis in the rat model.

9

McAlister, Debra Ann. "A comparison of motility and head morphology of sperm using different semen processing methods and three different staining techniques." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5137.

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Thesis (MScMedSc (Biomedical Sciences. Medical Physiology))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
Bibliography
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Sperm morphology remains an important parameter in the prediction of fertility, both in vivo and in vitro. However, there remains a considerable level of concern surrounding the true potential of this parameter due to the lack of standardization of differential staining techniques used for the evaluation of sperm morphology. This study aimed at investigating two commonly used staining techniques, Rapidiff® (RD) and Papanicolaou (PAP), along with a new commercially available stain, SpermBlue® (SB), in the evaluation of sperm morphometry and morphology. Results indicated that significant differences in sperm morphometry exist due to the use of the staining techniques. Findings further indicated that RD causes sperm head swelling while PAP causes sperm head shrinkage. Results obtained using the SB staining technique have indicated measurements closest to that which would be obtained through the evaluation of fresh, unstained sperm. The lack of standardization and the different effects various stains have on sperm structure and overall sperm morphology evaluation should raise a level of concern, particularly when evaluating patients with borderline morphology. Based on this, the use of the SB staining technique is recommended over RD and PAP for effective and accurate morphology evaluation. In further support of this technique, SB was shown to be quick and simple in method, and allowed for the easy detection of sperm by computer aided sperm analysis (CASA) systems such as the Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®). The second aim of this study was to examine the concentration, morphology and motility of the resultant sperm populations following semen preparation using the PureSperm® density gradient and swim-up techniques. Semen preparation is an essential step in any fertility treatment protocol, and it is important that the sperm obtained following semen preparation has sperm morphology and motility characteristics capable of improving assisted fertility success rates. Currently, the PureSperm® density gradient and sperm swim-up are the most widely employed techniques in fertility clinics. Although there is sufficient evidence to suggest they are each effective at extracting sperm with improved quality from neat semen, there remains insufficient evidence to suggest which of these two techniques is superior. The present investigation revealed that both sperm preparation methods were effective at improving sperm morphology and motility, however to varying degrees. The swimup method yielded a population of sperm with superior motility and morphology when assessed according to World Health Organisation (WHO) criteria, while the PureSperm® density gradient technique isolated a higher percentage of normal sperm, according to both WHO and Tygerberg strict criteria, with motility better than that of neat semen. Although results obtained via the swim-up method suggest it would be best for use in in vitro fertilization (IVF), the very low concentration of sperm isolated via this method remains a significant draw-back. The PureSperm® density gradient separation technique on the other hand is capable of isolating larger quantities of sperm, which is likely to be of more benefit with fertility treatments requiring larger quantities of sperm. Based on these findings, the use of PureSperm® density gradient technique is recommended, due to its ability to isolate large quantities of good quality sperm. However, a swim-up may still be of use when performing fertility treatment using a sperm sample which possesses a high concentration and motility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Sperm morfologie bly ‘n belangrike parameter in die voorspelling van vrugbaarheid, beide in vivo en in vitro. Tog is daar nogsteeds ‘n aansienklike vlak van kommer rondom die ware potensiaal van hierdie parameter weens die gebrek aan standardisering van verskillende kleuringstegnieke wat gebruik word vir die evaluering van spermmorfologie. Hierdie studie is daarop gemik om ondersoek in te stel na twee algemeen gebruikte kleurings tegnieke naamlik, Rapidiff® (RD) en Papanicolaou (PAP), asook ‘n nuwe kommersiëel beskikbare kleurstof, SpermBlue® (SB), vir die evaluering van spermmorfometrie en morfologie. Resultate dui aan dat beduidende verskille in sperm morfometriese afmetings ontstaan as gevolg van die gebruik van die verskillende kleurstowwe. Bevindinge dui verder daarop dat RD swelling van die sperm se kop versoorsaak, terwyl PAP die spermkop laat krimp. Resultate wat verkry is met behulp van die SB kleuringstegniek dui daarop dat hierdie kleurstof aanleiding gegee het tot afmetings naaste aan die verkry tydens die beoordeling van vars, ongekleurde sperme. Die gebrek aan standardisasie en die uiteenlopende effekte wat verskillende kleurstowwe het op die spermstruktuur en die evaluering van sperm morfologie ingeheel is kommerwekkend, veral tydens die evaluering van pasiënte met grensgeval morfologie. Op grond van hierdie resultate, word die gebruik van die SB kleuringstegniek, bo die gebruik van RD en PAP, vir effektiewe en akkurate morfologie evaluering aanbeveel. Verdere ondersteuning vir die gebruik van die SB kleuringstegniek is die feit dat daar bevind is dat SB ‘n vinnige en eenvoudige metode is, wat toelaat vir maklike visualisering van sperme deur rekenaargesteunde sperm analise sisteme soos die Sperm Class Analyzer (SCA®). Die tweede doel van hierdie studie was om die konsentrasie, morfologie en die motiliteit van spermpopulasies te ondersoek, soos verkry tydens die voorbereiding van semen deur gebruik te maak van die PureSperm® digtheidsgradiënt en op-swem tegnieke. Die voorbereiding van semen is ‘n noodsaaklike stap in enige vrugbaarheidsbehandeling protokol, aangesien dit belangrik is dat die sperme wat deur hierdie prosesse verkry word oor die nodige morfologiese en motiliteit eienskappe beskik wat in staat is om die sukses van vrugbaarheidsbehandelings te verbeter. Huidiglik is die PureSperm® digtheidsgradiënt en op-swem tegnieke die mees algemeen gebruikte tegnieke in vrugbaarheidsklinieke. Alhoewel daar voldoende bewyse is wat voorstel dat elke tegniek effektief is vir die ekstraksie van sperme met beter kwaliteit vanuit semen, bly daar steeds onvoldoende bewyse wat daarop dui dat een van hierdie twee tegnieke beter is as die ander een. Huidige navorsing het getoon dat beide sperm voorbereidings metodes daarin geslaag het om sperme met normale morfologie en beter motiliteit te selekteer. Die opswem metode het ‘n spermpopulasie met beter motiliteit en verbeterde morfologie gelewer, soos getoets volgens die WGO kriteria, terwyl die PureSperm digtheidsgradiënt tegniek sperme met verbeterde morfologie, volgens beide die WGO en Tygerberg Streng Kriteria, en ‘n redelike verbetering in sommige motiliteits parameters geselekteer het. Hoewel die resultate wat verkry word via die op-swem metode voorstel dat dit die beste metode vir die gebruik tydens in vitro bevrugting sou wees, bly die baie lae konsentrasie van sperme wat met hierdie metode verkry word ‘n belangrike nadeel. Die PureSperm® skeidingstegniek laat egter toe vir die isolering van groter hoeveelhede sperme, wat waarskynlik meer voordelig sal wees vir bevrugtingsbehandelings wat meer sperme benodig. Gebaseer op hierdie bevindinge, word die gebruik van die PureSperm® digtheidsgradiënt tegniek aanbeveel, as gevolg van hierdie tegniek se vermoë om groot hoeveelhede goeie gehalte sperm te isoleer. Daar kan egter nogsteeds van op-swem metodes gebruik gemaak word tydens vrugbaarheidsbehandeling indien die semenmonster beskik oor ‘n hoë konsentrasie sperme met goeie beweeglikheid.

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Spreng, Benjamin Roman [Verfasser], and Friedrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Frischknecht. "The role of microtubules in Plasmodium berghei sporozoite development, morphology, motility and infectivity / Benjamin Roman Spreng ; Betreuer: Friedrich Frischknecht." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1197235671/34.

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Книги з теми "Motility and morphology":

1

Abercrombie Conference (2nd 1987 Oxford, England). Cell behaviour: Shape, adhesion and motility : the second Abercrombie Conference : proceedings of the British Society for Cell Biology-The Company of Biologists Limited symposium, Oxford, April 1987. Cambridge: Company of Biologists, 1987.

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2

Soderquist, Lennart. Sperm characteristics and fertility in dairy A.I. bulls: With special reference to sperm motility, ATP content, sperm morphology, and spermatogenesis. Uppsala: Sveriges Lantbruksuniversitet, 1991.

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3

Zürcher Workshop on Cell Traffic in the Developing and Adult Organism (1984). Motility of vertebrate cells in culture and in the organism: Molecular mechanisms and morphologic manifestations. Edited by Haemmerli Gisela 1923- and Sträuli Peter 1918-. Basel ; New York: Karger, 1985.

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4

Gregory, Bock, Goode Jamie, Singapore. Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology., and Novartis Foundation Symposium on Signalling Networks in Cell Shape and Motility (2004 : Singapore), eds. Signalling networks in cell shape and motility. New York: Wiley, 2005.

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5

Cell behaviour: Shape, adhesion and motility : the second Abercrombie Conference : Proceedings of the British Society for Cell Biology-The Company of Biologists ... Oxford, April 1987 (Journal of cell science). Company of Biologists, 1987.

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6

E, Jones Gareth, Wigley C. B, Warn Richard, and Society for Experimental Biology (Great Britain), eds. Cell behaviour: Adhesion and motility. Cambridge, UK: Published for the Society for Experimental Biology by the Company of Biologists Limited, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, 1993.

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7

Jones, G. E. Cell Behaviour: Adhesion and Motility (Society for Experimental Biology). Society for Experimental Biology, 1993.

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Частини книг з теми "Motility and morphology":

1

Alavi, Sayyed Mohammad Hadi, Andrzej Ciereszko, Azadeh Hatef, Jiří Křišťan, Boris Dzyuba, Sergei Boryshpolets, Marek Rodina, Jacky Cosson, and Otomar Linhart. "Sperm Morphology, Physiology, Motility, and Cryopreservation in Percidae." In Biology and Culture of Percid Fishes, 163–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-7227-3_5.

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2

Maggavi, Raghavendra, Sanjay Pujari, and C. N. Vijaykumar. "Analysis of Cell Morphology, Vitality, and Motility: A Study Related to Analysis of Human Sperm." In Proceedings of International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Data Engineering, 11–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6459-4_2.

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3

Dondero, Franco, Andrea Lenzi, and Loredana Gandini. "Semen analysis." In Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes, 1368–73. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199235292.003.9041.

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Semen analysis remains the most important diagnostic tool for the study of male infertility to date. For this reason, and because of the ease of carrying out this analysis, examination of seminal fluid should be among the first diagnostic steps in cases of suspected infertility, prior to subjecting the man’s partner to long and complex diagnostic tests. The efficacy of an examination of seminal fluid depends on the experience and ability of the seminologist, who must first undertake a subjective analysis of fundamental parameters such as motility and morphology. Moreover, laboratories specialized in such analyses may apply different criteria to the evaluation of sperm parameters, making it extremely difficult to compare tests carried out in different laboratories (1). In an attempt to resolve these problems of inconsistency, and in order to standardize laboratory techniques, a committee of experts from the WHO established guidelines for semen analysis in 1980 (an updated version was published in 1999) (2). In recent years, numerous other methods of semen analysis capable of providing in-depth diagnostic information on the fertilising capacity of spermatozoa have become available. The computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) system is a technique for sperm analysis designed to provide objective data on sperm motility (3). Because of persisting difficulties in software set-up (4), it should not be used for routine analysis, but rather as a research tool. At the same time, significant advances have been made in the study of sperm morphology through the use of scanning and transmission electron microscopes (5). Finally, within the past decade several tests capable of evaluating the integrity of sperm components, such as the membrane, acrosome, DNA, and nuclear protein, have been developed and put into use. These more complex and costly analytical tools should be considered of secondary or tertiary importance, and are to be carried out in specific cases only after standard semen analysis. Standard semen analysis remains the first and fundamental diagnostic tool.

4

Nanna, Abimibola. "Methods of Sperm Selection for In-Vitro Fertilization." In Male Reproductive Anatomy [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99874.

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50–60% of infertility cases are as a result of male infertility and infertile men semen sample is characterize with poor motility, abnormal morphology, low sperm concentration, azoospermic and increased levels of sperm DNA damage. As a result of this heterogeneity of the ejaculate, sperm selection has become a necessary step to carry out prior to in vitro fertilization. Furthermore, the choice of sperm cell selection techniques depend on sperm concentration and sperm biology and the recovery of highly functional sperm cell population depend on the combination of more than one technique in some cases. The regular sperm cell selection methods in ART laboratory are swim up, density gradient, simple wash and other advanced and emerging sperm selection techniques which include hyaluronic acid mediated sperm binding, Zeta potential, hypoosmotic swelling test, magnetic activated cell sorting and microfluidic separation of sperm cells. The various methods have its own advantages and disadvantages which may be applicable to the individual need of infertile men and its effect on ART outcome.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Motility and morphology":

1

Sheng Dai, Chang, Zhuoran Zhang, James Huang, Xian Wang, Wenlong Meng, Junyan Zhang, Sergey Moskovtsev, Clifford Librach, Keith Jarvi, and Yu Sun. "Automated Non-Invasive Measurement of Sperm Motility and Morphology Parameters." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2018.8461252.

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2

Thangawng, Abel L., Rodney S. Ruoff, Jonathan C. Jones, and Matthew R. Glucksberg. "Substrate Stiffness Affects Laminin-332 Matrix Deposition in Cultured Keretinocytes." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176292.

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It has been reported that the mechanical properties of a substrate influence cell motility, morphology, and adhesion [1–3]. This work is an attempt to move a step further beyond cells’ sensing the mechanical properties of their environment, by determining whether the secretion and assembly of laminin extracellular matrix is regulated by the mechanical environment in which the cell is placed. We hypothesize that this matrix then influences the behavior of the cell, particularly with regard to its motility.

3

Chen, W. C., P. C. Hsieh, G. M. Wang, and M. L. Yeh. "The influence of surface morphology and rigidity of the substrata on cell motility." In 2009 IEEE 35th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2009.4967790.

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4

Choi, Chang K., Chuck Margraves, Anthony E. English, and Kenneth D. Kihm. "Opto-Electric Biosensor to Examine In Vitro Toxicity Stimuli to Endothelial Cell Motility and Morphology." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176715.

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An integrated opto-electric biosensor is developed that uses an optically transparent and electrically conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) thin film coated on a slide glass substrate. This biosensor can simultaneously acquire the micro-impedance response and microscopic images of live cells in vitro under various toxic agent stimuli. The dynamic response of live porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PPAECs) exposed to various doses of cytochalasin D are comprehensively examined by monitoring the micro-impedance characteristics at a specified frequency and DICM images using the opto-electric biosensor. The change in PPAEC morphology and motility caused by cytochalasin D clearly illustrates the dose-dependent actin filament disruption where optical images are correlated with the changes in the micro-electric impedance.

5

Regis, Shawn, Manisha Jassal, Sina Youssefian, Nima Rahbar, and Sankha Bhowmick. "Quantitative Studies of Fibronectin Adsorption on Submicron Scaffolds." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80633.

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Fibronectin plays a crucial role in adhesion of several cell types, mainly due to the fact that it is recognized by at least ten different integrin receptors. Since most cell types can bind to fibronectin, it becomes involved in many various biological processes. The interaction of cells with ECM proteins such as fibronectin provides the signals affecting morphology, motility, gene expression, and survival of cells [1]. Fibronectin exists in both soluble and insoluble forms; soluble fibronectin is secreted by cells and exits in cell media or body fluids, whereas insoluble fibronectin exists in tissues or the extracellular matrix of cultured cells [2]. The ability to control adsorption of fibronectin on tissue engineering scaffolds would therefore play a huge role in controlling cell attachment and survival in vivo. This can be achieved through surface functionalization of the scaffolds. The goal of these studies is to use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to mechanistically understand how fibronectin adsorption is enhanced by surface functionalization of submicron scaffolds.

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Schafer, Anette C., Meghan Discoll, Ashwathi Mohan, Andrew Ludlow, Wesley Burford, Jerry W. Shay, and Gaudenz Danuser. "Abstract 5102: Differential levels of mutated Kras drive lung cancer cell motility and morphology via a hypoxia-sensitive FAK/Erk/Myosin II signaling pathway." In Proceedings: AACR 106th Annual Meeting 2015; April 18-22, 2015; Philadelphia, PA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-5102.

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Jetta, Deekshitha, Deepika Verma, Mohammad M. Maneshi, and Susan Z. Hua. "Shear Stress Induced Calcium Dependent Nuclear Deformation in Epithelial Cells." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-87650.

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External mechanical forces can reach the cell nucleus causing changes in nuclear morphology, size and motility. A common explanation is that these forces are transmitted by surrounding cytoskeleton network through its linkage to nuclear envelope; shear stress causes reorganization of cytoskeleton, thus, the changes in nuclear shape. In this study, we measured nuclear shape and intracellular Ca2+ under fluid shear stress in MDCK cells using a parallel plate microfluidic chip. We show that fluid shear stress (1.1 dyn/cm2, 3 hrs) causes significant changes in nuclear shape in cells, from a flat disk shape having larger area to a thicker disk having smaller area. An increase in intracellular Ca2+ is required for shear induced nucleus deformation. Inhibiting Ca2+ influx with GsMTx4 and Gd3+ eliminated Ca2+ influx and abolished the nuclear deformation. The cytoskeleton reorganization occurred in parallel with Ca2+ rise in the cells. Increasing intracellular Ca2+ with thapsigargin that depletes the Ca2+ stores resumed the nuclear deformation. This suggests that shear induced nuclear deformation is a Ca2+ dependent process.

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Masuda, Michiaka, and Keigi Fujiwara. "Three Distinct Types of Morphological Responses of Cultured Vascular Endothelial Cells to Physiological Levels of Fluid Shear Stress." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1124.

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Vascular endothelial cells are known to respond to fluid shear stress. To gain insights into the mechanism of flow response by these cells, various types of in vitro devices in which endothelial cells can be cultured under flowing culture medium have been designed. Using such a device, one can apply known levels of (usually laminar) fluid shear stress to cultured endothelial cells. We have made two types of devices: a viscometer-based cone-and-plate flow apparatus and a parallel plate chamber. The cone-and-plate apparatus is used to do biochemical analyses of flow effects on cells while the parallel plate chamber is used to observe dynamic behavior of endothelial cells under flow. We were able to maintain confluent endothelial cell cultures under flow for over a week in the parallel plate flow apparatus. Using this chamber and high resolution time-lapse video microscopy, we studied morphological changes of endothelial cells exposed to different levels of fluid shear stress. We found that endothelial cells in a confluent monolayer exhibited three types of fluid shear stress level-dependent morphological and motile responses within a narrow fluid shear stress range between 0.1–10 dyn/cm2. Endothelial cells cultured under no flow exhibited variable shapes and no preferred orientation of their long cell axes and showed a jiggling motion. When exposed to fluid shear stress levels of below 0.5 dyn/cm2, endothelial cell morphology and motility were not affected. However, when fluid shear stress levels were increased to 2–4 dyn/cm2, they became polygonal and showed increased random-walk activity. Fluid shear stress over 6 dyn/cm2 caused endothelial cells to initially become polygonal and increase their random-walk activity, but they soon became elongated and aligned in the direction of flow. As the cells elongated and aligned, they migrated in the direction of flow. The average velocity of this directed cell migration was less than that of cells moving randomly under the same flow condition at earlier times. These observations indicate that endothelial cells are able to detect and respond to a surprisingly small change in fluid shear stress. It is possible that endothelial cell physiology in vivo is also regulated by small changes in fluid shear stress and that a fluid shear stress change of a few dynes per cm2 within a certain region of an artery could trigger atherogenesis in that particular location.

Звіти організацій з теми "Motility and morphology":

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Azios, Nicolas G., and Surangani Dharawardhane. Phytoestrogen Effects on Cytoskeletal Morphology and Motility in Breast Cancer Progression. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada434058.

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