Дисертації з теми "Mouvement des Lumières – Bretagne (France)"
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Péaud, Laura. "Du projet scientifique des Lumières aux géographies nationales : France, Prusse et Grande-Bretagne (1780-1860)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20111/document.
Between 1780 et 1860, geography tends to become a full scientific field in Europe, built thanks to renewed institutional and academic principles, especially in France, Prussia and Great Britain. t the same time in these three European countries, geographers expect that their field will be finally considered as a proper science, compared for instance to history or mathematics. In order to complete this aim, they gradually organise geographical knowledge according to scientific patterns. The French, Prussian and British spheres are affected by a similar process. This scientific and academic construction of a proper geographical field is influenced by a universalistic spirit, inherited from the European Enlightenment, but also deeply affected by the political context. Between 1785 and 1860, geographical knowledge is recognised as strategic : it plays a major role in the politics of the states and, therefore, in the organisation of the different policies developed in this period. By questionning at the same time the field of geography and the field of politics and policy, this thesis intends to highlight how the process of academic and scientific construction of geography engaged at the same time in France, Prussia and Great-Britain is essentially in a position of tension between a demand of universalism and the progressiv nationalisation of geographical knowledge
Aubert, Gauthier. "La noblesse, le pouvoir et le savoir dans la Bretagne des Lumières : le président de Robien : (1698-1756) : gentilhomme et savant en son siècle." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20019.
In 18th century Brittany, not renowned for being open to new ideas, a man stands out : President de Robien (1698-1756) a wealthy member of Brittany's High Judicial Court, descended from an ancient family of provincial aristocracy, he was a collector, an antique lover and a naturalist and his fame reached beyond the limits of Brittany. Through a study of this dignitary, this work aims at analysing how the ideas of the Enlightenment made their way into the Breton ruling circles by comparing Robien with his environment, in particular thanks to the death inventories of the Breton elites of this age. The first part is devoted to the ways and means that led to the rise of Robien in his province, through a study of his family, his fortune, his office, his standard of living and his influence on the society of his time. The second part deals with Robien's attitude towards the different fields of learning through an analysis of his writings, his use of intellectual curiosity, and the role he meant to play in the literary republic as well as the place actually had within it. Thus, through Robien is suggested an approach of the relationship between the Nobility, Power and Learning on the periphery of Europe Enlightenment. As a conclusion, this work will study the posthumous fate of this dignitary, part and parcel of Brittany's heritage, whose importance is indisputable today
Hervieu, Maïder. "Un « curieux de papier » dans la Bretagne des Lumières : étude de la collection d'estampes du président Christophe-Paul de Robien (1698-1756)." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022REN20001.
Unmissable figure in Rennes' cultural and intellectual life in the first half 18th century, Christophe-Paul de Robien was one of the great provincial scholars and collectors of his time. Amatory of arts and belles-lettres, passionate about sciences and antiquity, this Breton parliamentarian set up inside of his mansion in Rennes an incredibly diversified cabinet of curiosities. The image, and in particular the printed image, occupied a great importance at the heart of his curiosity practices. As part of an encyclopedic process of access to all of universal knowledge, the president de Robien was able to find in the print the ideal medium able to fulfilling his desire for possession, both material and intellectual. Today scattered between the Musée des Beaux-Arts in Rennes, the Musée de Bretagne and Les Champs Libres's library, this collection of prints therefore deserved a complete reconstruction in order to capture the several intentions that contributed to its development. This study will also focus on the relations maintained by the magistrate with scientific imaging and the illustration practice that he may have had for his own manuscripts
Baillon, Jean-François. "Newtonisme et idéologie dans l'Angleterre des Lumières." Paris 4, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA040140.
The study of both printed sources (rarely studied) and of manuscripts (Isaac Newton's theological writings, Samuel Clarke's and William Whiston's letters) shows the discrepancy between the ideological (i. E. Political and religious) exploitation of Newtonian science and the works of newton. In order to legitimate the settlement of 1688, the commentators of Newtonian physics divested it of any element allowing a radical interpretation in neo-republican or materialistic terms. Besides, this study reveals the properly theological discord between the inner circle of the Newtonians and the Church of England. The second part is about the contents of newton's theological manuscripts and reveals its fundamental notions (idolatry, enthusiasm, fantasy, metaphysics), which describe what religion is not about. The rationalist and protestant aspects of Newton's thought are emphasized, thus allowing a parallel with deist thought, here revisited in order to show its lesser-known aspects. The conclusion emphasizes some key concepts of Newton's theory of religion and of its history, thus relating it, ultimately, with the rise of enlightenment thought in England
Charles, Olivier. "Les nobles dignités, chanoines et chapitres de Bretagne : chanoines et chapitres cathédraux de Bretagne au siècle des Lumières." Rennes 2, 2002. http://books.openedition.org/pur/17414.
@At the heart of a well-documented secular Breton clergy, the 752 Canons of the nine Breton cathedrals of the Age of the Enlightenment, remain very much in the shadows. For, situated between the bishops and rectors, they led independent careers, as more than half of them occupied only on benefice : that of Canon. For the most part Breton, priests, university graduates and descended from the upper classes, they formed relatively homogenous chapters. Being clerics modelled by the rigours of Tridentine law, they carried out their duties in a serious manner. The Canons, who belonged to the poorer chapters of the kingdom, contributed towards the modernization of the Breton towns of the 18th century. Indeed, even if the revenues incurred by their holdings only guaranteed them a modest income, they gradually adopted the habits of the elite town-dwellers as far as housing, comfort and consumption were concerned. Their intellectual culture in itself bears by no means oblivious to changes taking place in the world in which they lived
Hupel, Erwan. "Gwalarn : Histoire d’un mouvement littéraire en Bretagne." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20026.
This thesis examines the history of the literary movement emerged in Brittany around the revue GWALARN, published from 1925 to 1944. According to the general opinion, the influence of WALARN on the Breton language and Breton literature today is considerable, but very differently appreciated. This thesis emphasizes the collective aspect of the work. It doesn’t deny the overwhelming influence of the editor of the magazine, Roparz Hemon, but intends to propose a detailed structural analysis of the movement as it’s been (and sometimes hasn’t been) in touch with the people of the times. This analysis attempts to describe the origins of the movement, its birth, its assumptions, but also its literary work and its favourite themes, and its sociolinguistic achievements and strategic choices. Therefore, we notice some ideological issues : the gap between localism and universalism, and between tradition and modernism, the different vues about literature, about Breton as a language and about nationalism. . . We’ve tried to study GWALARN not only in the light of the Breton sociolinguistic situation at the time but also in the light of the french one, in a general European movement of nationalist and linguistic demands and in a global geopolitical situation that built the fate of the breton movement from World War I to World War II. Thus, the multiplication of perspectives offers a new look over a key moment in Breton literature and provides contemporary and reflective materials for the history of linguistic minorities in Europe
Casoni, Michelle. "Hector St John de Crèvecoeur, homme des Lumières." Paris 7, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA070133.
The reader's first impression which arises from letters from an american farmer by st john de crevecoeur is that of a helter-skelter parchwork. This feeling has been sonnewhat confirmed by critics who gave varied and sometimes contradictory definitions of this book. I have regarded as irrelevant any strict classification of crevecoeur's writings. However it has proved necessary to give an account of the elements constrituting a chronicle of colonial america. As a matter of fact, the picture of society in those days (women, indians, african slaves, farmers and so on. . . ) is oneof the writer's major concerns. Yet, considering letters and sketches as a mere collection of historical and social events would be an oversimplification. Today, the gist and proper value of crevecoeur's work must be traced in the ideology underlying his way of thinking. Crevecoeur, an eighteenth century writer is steeped in the ideas of his time ; his perception of the world and mankind in that of an enlightenment "philosophe". His view of america is no longer considered as the mere observation of a chronicler. Far beyond the ambiguity of a man confronted with everyday reality, his ideas are heralding revolutionary doctrines
Cottret, Bernard. "Bolingbroke : exil et écriture au siècle des lumières : Angleterre-France (vers 1715-vers 1750)." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100145.
Stating the epistemological importance of the theme of exile, this study examines the life and political career of one of the most troublesome characters of the English enlightenment: lord Bolingbroke's forced stays in France, his fluctuating political commitments, his reckless opposition to Walpole, his contributions to the development of modern toryism are examined in turn, while the nature and scope of history, or the mythical appeal of patriotism are given due consideration. The second part of the work deals more precisely with the philosophical essays, a lasting monument of unreadable eighteenth-century prose. . . Even though secondary productions, not to say third-rate considerations, may be the most fruitful for historians as they are the very stuff the average intellectual life of a century is made of. Mylord Bolingbroke had a seminal influence on pope, but his posthumous essays, acclaimed by Voltaire, caused something of an uproar because of their bitter attacks against the establishment
Ben, Saad Nizar. "Machiavel en France, des Lumières à la Révolution." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040051.
Elsingaby, Sara. "Métamorphose du genre utopique durant le siècle des Lumières." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010734.
Lemaire, Elina. "Les doctrines parlementaires des Lumières et les institutions libérales : Contribution à une histoire du libéralisme français." Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020015.
Dunyach, Jean-François. "La notion de décadence dans le discours historique des Lumières : France et Grande-Bretagne 1730-1790." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040238.
Le, Squer Francis. "Les espoirs, les efforts et les épreuves du mouvement breton catholique de 1891 à 1945." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR2A001.
The catholic breton movement commonly designs a group of initiatives undertaken in order to protect, defend and promote the breton culture by linking its destiny with that of catholic faith. Through a survey of all the journalistic publications from 1891 to 1945, this study aims at understanding objectively what determined the reflexions and actions of this movement members. Although these motivations seem to have taken their roots in the catholic social doctrine, these members, however, quite often forgot that its principles just worked by analogy. Therefore, they omitted the complexity of the changes that brittany underwent through its widening horizon. Thus they failed to distinguish what was part of the irreversible modernity in the french ideology of the centralising third state republic. Thus they came to express an ideologico-religious complex evolving with the multiple influences devoid of authentic theology in the very name of their catholicism
Larue, Renan. "Le végétarisme des Lumières : discours sur l'abstinence de viande en France, au XVIIIè siècle." Amiens, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AMIE0021.
In Eighteenth century France, new medical and philosophical writings favor vegetarism. First, rejection of luxurious gastronomy and the desire to adopt a diet that can ease digestion processes can explain this phenomenon. Secondly, moral arguments developped from an increasing awareness regarding animals resulted in writers to consoder the act of killing animals for nourishment as unfair. This opinion is mainly based on empiricism, a philosophy that questions the ontological barrier that has traditionally benn set between animals and humanity. Writers rave about the moral value and the nutitional benefits of Pythagoras and west Indian Brahman's diets; vegetarianism is envisioned as a diet of utopian societies. Rousseau and Voltaire have a specific use for this diet. Rousseau considers it matches the true biological and physiological nature of man; Voltaire sees it as a way to oppose the Church
Simon, Gilles. "L'apprentissage de la mobilisation sociale : le cas de "Plogoff" et du mouvement antinucléaire en Basse-Bretagne (1974-1981)." Rennes 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008REN1G010.
This research investigates learning processes during social movements. The method is based on the notion of social learning. The purpose is to bring together the cognitive approach, the strategic approach and structural analysis. The research focuses on the anti-nuclear movement in France, especially in Britany, between 1974 and 1986. During that time, the French government creates a huge civil nuclear program. On the nuclear sites people tried to organise social movements to demonstrate their opposition. In Britany, the nuclear sites of Erdeven, Porsmoguer and Plogoff, wee very famous. 56 social players were interviewed over a period of one year. The research was completed from media sources. This research tries to discover the social and political logic in the learning processes during a social movement
Pagliano, Sylvain. "Jean Étienne Marie Portalis et la philosophie des Lumières." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010619.
Boulanger, Cédric. "Du romantisme comme imaginaire ontologique : la faillite révolutionnaire en France et en Allemagne." Bordeaux 3, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010BOR30033.
This study tries to define the unspecified notion of Romanticism. It is based on the thought that the romantic litterature develops “The Fall” as its principal topic, due to the failure of the French Revolution. Then, comparing the Age of Enlightenment with the Age of revolutions, it tries to understand how the French Revolution has changed the philosophy of the Self. We noticed different ways to define the building of the individual and the becoming-aware’s activity, or the creation of the self’s concept named the ontological imaginary. Thus, the eighteenth century is dominated by a trans-individualistic imagination- the Self is thought through the Other, and determined by its background. Opposite to the nineteenth century wich is dominated by an individualistic imaginary- the Self is thought as an uncorrelated entity in self-determination. The fail of the French Revolution’s utopia can explain this change of thinking: as a result of the impossibility to organize a collective movement the individual is left to one’s own, lacking of a common perspective. Studying first the original german theorists of romanticism, -Novalis, Schlegel, Schelling, Tieck. . . - then the french romantics, around this notion of ontological imaginary, this essay aims to prove that Romanticism stems from a pathological individualism haunted by the memory of the transindividualism. Romanticism is torned between the pursuit of the French Revolution’s policy and the nostalgy of a trans-individualistic imaginary handed down from Age of Enlightenment
Veysman, Nicolas. "Mise en scène de l'opinion publique dans la littérature des Lumières." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA040058.
Aubert, Gauthier. "Le président de Robien : gentilhomme et savant dans la Bretagne des Lumières /." Rennes : Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37713340j.
Coulon, Maxcellend. "Jeu d'échecs et société en France au XVIII éme siècle." Besançon, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BESA1007.
Devisme, Samuel. "Les représentations de la justice en France au siècle des lumières (1715-1799) : pour une iconologie globale." Amiens, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AMIE0009.
There are a lot of numerous and varied pictures of justice in France from 1715 to 1799. They go from the allegory of a woman, often dressed, holding a scale and a sword, or a public execution, capital punishment or not ; to men who go alongside the justice, whether they are judges or criminals. These pictures tell, between the lines, the ideology of the society of which they are contemporary. They are inspired from the artistic tradition, out of the past centuries, literature, philosophy and law. . . They are the testimony of what the French people from the Enlightenment Century thought of justice as well as what the institution' wanted to show of itself. From the divinity Themis to Salomon, from the gallows to the guillotine, from the most hateful criminal to the most powerful judge, and to the king, a whole artistic universe is rising. In this universe, the refinement of the justice rooms in parliaments, the modesty of the local justice rooms, the elegance of the judge's robe, and the vulgarity of the darkest criminal are meeting all together. A lot of artistic techniques - paintings, drawings, engravings, sculptures, architectures, decorative arts, graffiti - as well as a lot of artistic genres — allegories, scenes that can be religious, mythological, historical or from daily life, portraits, caricatures. . . - are present. From Hyacinthe Rigaud to Edme Bouchardon, from Louis XV to Robespierre, from Cartouche to Damiens, from the execution of Denies to Marie Antoinette's one, the figurations of justice throughout the Enlightenment Century are numerous. However, they're all part of a specific, meaningful iconography that this study stands out, emphasizes and analyses
Descat, Sophie. "Deux architectes-urbanistes dans l'Europe des Lumières : Pierre-Louis Moreau et George Dance à Paris et à Londres (1763-1815)." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010671.
O'Connor, Thomas. "Théologie et lumières chez Luke Joseph Hooke, 1714-1796." Paris 4, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA040191.
Luke Joseph Hooke was part of the Jacobite diaspora which sought refuge in France at end of the 17th century. .
Ventrone, Giuseppe. "Tolérance et pluralité à l'âge des Lumières : Paris et Naples (1720-1785)." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0034.
The enlightenment project of "enlightening" of society through Reason is bound up with the idea of the possibility to act on people's mentality, i. E. Exerting influence over classes, categories or social groups in order to determine a profound and persistent "conversion" of their representation of their own condition and, accordingly, of their behavioural pattern. This research, far from tackling the question of the actual political influence of the Philosophers, is devoted to a detection and description, drawing on the texts, of the presence in their ideas of different paradigms of minor influence like : plurality, utility, consistence, belonging. The research aims at showing the way in wich this paradigms can crystallise themselves in the idea of tolerance. The same phenomenological methodology will be used to test the spread of these paradigms in the neapolitan enlightenment
Krebs, Claudia. "Siegfried Kracauer et la France." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081328.
Zanetti, François. "L’Électricité médicale dans la France des Lumières : histoire culturelle d’un nouveau remède." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100152.
From the 1750s, Electricity was the object of widespread scientific and popular curiosity across Europe. Its first use was therapeutic and electric sparks have immediately been applied to paralytics. In France, medically-trained physicians did not become interested on the new treatment until the 1770s. The role of the newborn Société royale de médecine and of Pierre Mauduyt de la Varenne was pre-eminent in fashioning electricity as a properly medical tool, thus excluding natural philosophers and amateurs from its legitimate practice. Not only does this process have institutional and professional dimensions but it also deals with cultural representations in the scientific and medical fields of knowledge and with the behaviour and practices of both the patients and practitioners. We underline the authority of the patients in ther organisation of their own treatment and their being active in the medicalisation process. During the 1780s, there is a sharp social shift in the use of medical electricity, which is thereafter targeted towards the urban poor, in order to regenerate the Nation and put them back to work. Focusing on a single therapeutical means allows us to cross traditional boundaries between the history of medical ideas, social history of the patients and practitioners and cultural history of representations thus integrating the history of medicine to the wider field of Enlightenment history
Mauro, Azzurra. "Un philosophe des Lumières entre Naples et Paris : Ferdinando Galiani (1728-1787)." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20015/document.
Born in Chieti in 1728, Ferdinando Galiani - economist, diplomat and philosopher - is a prolific author of the Enlightenment whose career took place between Italy and France. After receiving a humanistic and philosophical education in Naples, from 1735 to 1759, Galiani was appointed, by Minister Berardo Tanucci, secretary of the Neapolitan Embassy in Paris. During these years, from 1759 to 1769, he made contact with philosophers and encyclopedists, frequented the salons of the capital and became one of the most sought-after guests. When he finally returned to Naples, where he lived until his death in 1787, the "little abbot" remained in epistolary contact with the Parisian circles to be informed of the political and literary news. Since the nineteenth century, historiography has studied this thinker in two opposing views: many studies have favored an economic-political perspective - analyzing in particular Della Moneta (1750) and the Dialogues sur le commerce des blés (1770) -; other studies have insisted on the "libertine" spirit of this animator of the Parisian salons. From these antinomic aspects, historiography retains "two Galiani", in other words, the "serious Galiani" and the "light-hearted Galiani". This thesis offers to go beyond this dichotomy, while taking into consideration various sources still unexplored and unpublished, by favoring a transdisciplinary approach. Galiani produces an important philosophical knowledge that accompanies, nourishes and completes his political projects. Our research offers a systematic analysis of Galiani's thought according to the historical-cultural contexts in which it develops, Naples and Paris; as well as an analysis of its social trajectory, specifically within the Republic of Letters, which goes hand and hand with the creation of his identity as an author
Ferraro, Angela. "La réception de la philosophie de Malebranche en France au XVIIIe siècle : métaphysique et épistémologie." Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT3013.
The aim of this thesis is to highlight the contribution Malebranche gave to the birth and development of French Enlightenment, by studying the reception of five major aspects of his philosophy in the areas of metaphysics and epistemology, viz. , the mechanistic physiology, the unknowability of the soul, the definition of the divine essence and the theory of the vision in God, the problem of the existence of bodies, the model of natural law and its relation to occasionalism. I try to show that the long lasting success of Malebranche’s thought, especially due to the diffusion of the Search after Truth, made him a reference for different or even opposite schools of thought, such as materialism and spiritualism, deism and atheism, scepticism and empiricism. By attaching great importance to the historical background of every interpretation in hand, I give an account of the role Malebranche played in some landmark events in the history of ideas, including the transformation of metaphysics into a theory of knowledge, the secularization of theological ideas, the development of key definitions to modernity like consciousness and law. Moreover, malebranchism appears to conform not only to the philosophical facet of the Enlightenment, but also to literary and scientific ones. Finally, on the basis of an idea of reception as a complex phenomenon, this work puts emphasis on the crossing or superposition between the interpretations of Malebranche’s thought and the reception of other philosophies that marked the 18th century
Lémonon, Isabelle. "La Savante des Lumières françaises, histoire d’une persona : pratiques, représentations, espaces et réseaux." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0086.
This research brings together women’s history and the history of science on the roles of women in science during the French Enlightenment (1715-1815). The aim is not only to identify women’s modes of action in the eighteenth century and to ascertain the knowledge these women mastered and produced, but also to analyze the dynamics of the circulation networks of this knowledge. In order to avoid confining these women to presumptively defined roles, which are often present-day categories, it is the scientific practices that guide this study, rather than a disciplinary or “professional” approach. Due to the fact that few archival traces of these women exist in scholarly institutions, the reconstruction of their itineraries is based on a biographical approach. This history “from below” of the persona of the Enlightenment Savante sheds light on some of these women’s participation in scientific production, considered as an enterprise with its different actors, its division of labor, its hierarchies, its economy, etc. For example, the career path of Marie-Louise Dupiéry (1746-1830) reveals the daily organization of scholarly work in the astronomy workshop of Jérôme Lalande (1732-1807), and thus contributes to the writing of the history of these invisible technicians. This research also challenges the common periodization of the Age of Enlightenment, which presents the Revolution as the tipping or breaking point between eighteenth and nineteenth century practices and epistemology
Gautier, Robert Pierre Michel. "Le mouvement coopératif de consommation dans l'ouest : (Départements formant aujourd'hui les régions Bretagne et Pays-de-Loire) : des origines au congrès de Fougères : (1925)." Rennes 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN20014.
The @cooperation of consumption has not waited for the birth of the organisations of workers to establish itself in the West of France, particularly in the country. The trade union centre of Nantes allows the realization of the Federation of the cooperatives of workers in Brittany, then in the West of France. . As early as the Monarchy of July, it receives the support of the republican middle class conveying the ideas of social reformists. During the Empire, from the high society see in the cooperation a rampart against socialism and a school of economy. The traditional forces of the West of France, the castle and the vicarage do not appear much in the realisation of cooperatives. Its aim is to fight against expensive life, extends its activities to the social aspects and some are activities of protest. Suspected of disturbing the social order, of gathering subversive elements, the societies of workers must wait until the First World War in order that the state recognizes the services which were useful to the national collectivity
Brodeur-Girard, Sébastien. "Influences et représentations des Jésuites dans l'Encyclopédie." Thèse, Paris, EHESS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14825.
Wang, Yan. "Les représentations de la Chine en France et en Grande Bretagne au XVIIIe siècle." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30069.
Through the representations of China in the writings of French and English authors during the eighteenth century, this thesis aims to study how that Far Eastern country participated in the intellectual movements taking place on the other hemisphere. The topic being the representations of China, our study is focused less on which is represented (China) than on those which make the representations (France and Great Britain). China is often only a pretext in the writings of that period, allowing the authors to satisfy their exotic taste, or to defend their theses. Therefore, it is not our aim to approve of or to criticize the representations made by the French and British authors. We do not seek to oppose the “true” image of China found in Chinese sources of that period to the “false” or “distorted” image in the writings of Europeans authors, but to show how French and British authors represent themselves so as to build and rebuild their identity, which characterizes the intellectual trend of the Enlightenment. Having no intention to confront the “China in the representations” with the “real China”, we nevertheless make a comparative study of the different representations of China provided by French and British authors, which highlights the different approaches to the Enlightenment in France and Great Britain
Michel, Joël. "Le mouvement ouvrier chez les mineurs d'europe occidentale (grande-bretagne, belgique, france, allemagne) : etude comparative des annees 1880 a 1914." Lyon 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO20023.
From the middle of the 19th century to 1914, european coalfields are going through their golden age. After a frontier area, homogeneous communities are stabilizing, whose original characteristics are to be found in every mining area. Thanks to previous experiences and the economic upsurge at the end of the 1880's, mining communities free themselves from employers' pressures and set up strong organisations. The same union pattern is repeated everywhere : mass organisations on a rectrictive trade basis take a central part in community life, supply its needs and play the role of a labour party; they establish links on an international level but keep apart from national working class movements. The local peculiarities carried by the origins of the miners or ideological loyalties, mainly religious ones, tend to enhaunce the mining trade consciousness rather than to prevent organisation. The first part of the study shows how miners' unions are rooted in the economic setting and, above all, the work process and social hierarchical status it conveys, down from the face worker, and examines the relationships between a closely knit social group on a regional basis and the national frame. This kind of trade unionism is strictly determined by the occupational community which produces it, but identifies more and more with the project of a small elite which rules it. The collective biography of this elite and its social program give evidence that the idealistic figure of the "good workman" is not only imposed by the owners and that its values naturally comfort trade consciousness and the building of a stable and efficient machinery. Therefore, mining unions, though strike-prone, deeply rely on pacific means of action. Among the first to practice conciliation, even if the progress of wages tend to a standstill, they get their main success in the legislative field. In the decade before the war, a shift in the owners' attitudes, sociological and technical changes affecting the men, new links with the wider society shatter trade union consciousness and compel organisations to adapt when dissident movements appear
Bonnet, Jean-Claude. "Le culte des grands hommes : essai sur le panthéon littéraire et républicain." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040220.
The creation of the Pantheon in 1791 can be interpreted as the natural outcome of the celebration of great men, a literary and social practice which gathered momentum throughout the eighteenth century the formerly lesser genre of the academic eulogy, a truly lay kind of discourse, had by then superseded the funeral oration. A previous watershed was the year 1758, when the Academie proposed the eulogy of great men as the topic of its oratorical contest. This grave rises to a commemorative experience of the civic past which involved all the arts and developed its own visual representations. Eminent men of letters (Diderot, Rousseau, Voltaire) became the focus of public scrutiny, and the fact that they were both read and observed as individuals triggered radical changes in the public image of the writer. By the tue of the Pantheon, attention to great men was deflected from their learned psyche in favor of monumental fetish-like icons, with spectacular effects in the case of Marat. The Pantheon turned out to be a fragile and paradoxical institution, however, for in no way was the revolutionary time-experience attuned to the distant perspectives of the collective memory. And yet the cult of great men did not vanish with the Thermidor reaction, as the rehabilitation of men of letters and the Girondins testifies. Then Mme de Staël and Chateaubriand made this practice their own and even turned it against Napoleon in person
Cheminade, Christian. "L'abbé Gabriel-François Coyer, 1707-1782 : un "philosophe" républicain et réformateur au XVIIIème siècle." Bordeaux 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR30017.
Born in 1707 and engaged in literature since 1747, coyer was firstley known as a satirist. The frivolity of his initial libels as soon been followed by strong attacks against inequality and a claim to people's right. In 1756, the priest embraced the great "philosophical" ideas of his time. Between 1758 and 1761, along with the philosophers, he fought the supporters of religions and political tradition. Once the victory gained, he was involved in a large reformist movement inspired by the "philosophie" and sometimes even supported by the administration. However, concrete achievments were slow to come and coyer died deeply dissatisfied, in 1782. Coyer's thinking initiate with abstract premices - sensationalism, purified catholicism, social morality - and come to the claim to happi- ness for all. This ideal induce him to elaborate a new political doc- trine, called the democratic republicanism, which was to triumph with the third republic. Waiting for the establishing of a regime of this type, coyer supported reforms to change every field of the human life, in order to regenerate individual, on a physical and moral ground. This is the purpose of the entire enlightment movement and it would eventually lead to give birth to the totalitarian id
Al, Lae Jakeza. "Louis Tiercelin (1846-1915) et le Parnasse breton." Rennes 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN20033.
Steinhauer, Alfred. "Le "parti" physiocratique et la formation de l'opinion publique dans la France pré-révolutionnaire (1756-1776)." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA01A003.
This thesis is based on a hypothesis concerning the structural elements of the "ideological" crisis of the ancien regime in france (1750-1790). The physiocratic group, made up of theorists whose main concern was renovating and strengthening the judicial and economic order of the monarchy 30 years before the revolution, is examined as a possible source of influence. The analysis lies on two interconnected levels : 1) a detailed presentation of the topics and the evolution of the physiocratical discourse, 2) a look at the historical context of the two decades between its rise and fall. On the first level, we explore the scope of influences that link the intellectual commitment of the physiocrats to the enlightenment, in philosophical terms. The contextual analysis, on the other hand, defines the link between the theoretical stances of the physiocrats and the historical situations, clarifying the structural dimension of physiocratic ideology. From the latter we deduce the existence of an ideological "party", a social group influenced by their liberal and authoritarian discourse. The analysis focuses on the, often polemical, relations between the physiocrats and the philosophers before, during and after the grain war, a major popular upheaval. We thus present the evolution of a political program, its failures in 1770 and 1776 and evidence of this effort in pre-revolutionary literature
Michel, Joël. "Le Mouvement ouvrier chez les mineurs d'Europe occidentale, Grande-Bretagne, Belgique, France, Allemagne étude comparative des années à 1880 à 1914 /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376080260.
Skornicki, Arnault. "Les rationalisations politiques d’une "science nouvelle" : essai sur l’économie politique en France (1750-1776)." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100203.
The present work focuses on the formation of political economy in France, in a key moment of its historical development, from Gournay to Turgot and passing by the Physiocrats. Far from emerging as a specialised and autonomous subject field/area, this “new science” became one of the leading modalities of the political discourse during the 18th century Enlightenment, to the extent of claiming, along with the Physiocrats, the monopoly over political knowledge. Drawing on an extended corpus of printed texts and archive sources, this essay in the social history of ideas enquires into the political dimension of economics, slightly overlooked nowadays. Its argument emphasizes the idea that the French Enlightenment’s political economy is not a mere philosophy of liberty, founded by scholars seduced by the concepts of reason and humanity; nor is it an ideology that universalizes the interests of the ascending bourgeoisie, but rather it represents a state knowledge that constituted itself against the royal court society and the privilege system. The main actors/agents in this knowledge system are men of letters and administrators engaged in a complex relationship to politics. Their « liberalism » is not to be understood as hostility towards the State, but rather as a political technology that conceives liberty as a modality of social regulation and science as a means of reestablishing the monarchy’s legitimacy. The institution of the competitive market, freed of privileges, was considered a means to reshape the elites, and thus, to rationalize the political order. Following Turgot’s ascension to power, political economy, the queen of the sciences, became thus the science of the kings
Jang, Young-Girl. "Le concept de la nature chez Sade : une confrontation Orient - Occident." Paris 8, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA081620.
Porhel, Vincent. "Mémoires, industrialisation, conflits : la construction des représentations sociales et culturelles dans les années 1968 en Bretagne au filtre de cinq conflits sociaux (1966-1981)." Rennes 2, 2005. http://books.openedition.org/pur/3445.
Years 68 in Brittany are, like everywhere in France and in the world, one period of deep cultural and social transformations. These years of protest were punctuated by factory conflicts which showed, from 1966 to 1981, of new individuals aspirations as well as collective in the context of a complex mutation of the regional industrialization. These aspirations were supported and spread by local and regional protagonists, far from a Parisian unrest which monopolised later commemoration. The use of witness memories, through oral sources, allowed to follow the protagonist's representations of these transformations, based on five factory conflicts : the Hennebont's aciery (1966), the CSF-Thomson in Brest, the "Joint français" in Saint Brieuc (1972), the slaughterhouse Doux to Pedernec (1973-1974) and the antinuclear conflict to Plogoff (1974-1980). The course of the conflicts, which is marked in particular by the importance in the memories of the popular support and the speeches which accompanies it, emphasize thus, in the detail of the carried out fights, the changes of the social and cultural representations in Brittany during the years 1968. These new representations are expressed throughout the period by the success of the self-management idea, by the timid assertion of an identity of gender, by a call into question of moral authorities traditional and by the rediscovery fo a new regional identity
Diguerher-Mentelin, Nancy. "Rameau, du cas à la singularité : germination, éclosion, ramification d'une intellectualité musicale au temps des Lumières." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0069.
This work aims to reveal Rameau's musical reasons from his arrivaI in Paris in 1722, when he started to devote his career to writing. This thesis takes a chronological reading of all his texts to demonstrate how the composer -teaching and researching music -prepares to back his own music. The first part of the thesis emphasizes Rameau's early stages, focusing on the influence of Descartes, and examines his « entry » into music theory. On the one hand, this first part raises the reasons that make Rameau an interesting case to study, on the other hand it : shows the origins and stakes of this case, that is influenced by Rousseau 's awakening to aesthetics and further developed by D'Alembert's research on epistemology. A singular musician character emerges on the occasion of his first exchange with the Encyclopedists in 1749, when Rameau was preparing the Mémoire that triggered a range of important arguments. Rameau's musical intellectuality stands at the heart of his theoretical peregrinations and raises at the same time as worrying musical disappointments. Analyzing this original episode the second part of this work observes, on the basis of a detailed analysis, the closeness of Rameau’s principle later books; the same crisis case repeatedly forces him to revise his defence strategy and to seek new extra-theoretical resources in a critical and aesthetical field that considers history and metaphysics. His late writings evidence an intense branching-out that reveal a new type of musical re¬: searcher intended to refer to philosophy of the time, who plays a major role in Rameau's Nephew
Cathelin, Mady. "De la moralité des actions humaines ou un juriste au siècle des Lumières : Charles François Morel de Thurey (1734-1788), témoin et juge de la société de son temps." Besançon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BESA1029.
Julian, Thibaut. "L’Histoire de France en jeu dans le théâtre des Lumières et de la Révolution (1765-1806)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040181.
The second half of the eighteenth-century is characterized by a thorough transformation of the political world, a change which reflected the simultaneous development of public criticism and patriotism. Theatre plays a key role in this process. Following Voltaire, a variety of playwrights use French history for their plots, and in so doing they update genres and audience expectations. Alongside epic or sentimental plays of the troubadour genre, bio-dramas of “Great Men” soon appeared, followed by dramatic apotheoses and the Revolution’s “faits historiques”. This varied corpus of plays – performed ¬ or not, on official or private stages – constitutes what we may call the national drama of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution.By studying these texts and their reception, I analyse how the theatrical representation of French history and its ability to act as a mirror between the past and the present contribute to the contemporary changes in thought. National drama not only showcases the esthetical and dramaturgic debates of this turning point between classicism and romanticism, but it additionally implicates issues of politics and memory: it is more than simple moral entertainment, it has civic value. These productions create a collective historical heritage with its own myths and legends, but the playwrights’ contradictory ideological intentions and the audiences’ active participation also make this theatre a site of dissent. National drama also expresses contemporary social strains and seeks to evoke specific emotions such as admiration, empathy, outrage and horror in the face of the past’s wounds
Yang, Lei. "Esprit d’indépendance et libre pensée : les Lumières françaises face à la Chine." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA137.
The thesis is devoted to the examination of the image of China in France in the Enlightenment and dialogue between two civilizations, East and West. The analysis of literary, philosophical and historical and archival documents to discover the enthusiasm for China in the Enlightenment, why Voltaire and Montesquieu interested in this distant country, the role of missionaries Catholics in China at that time. The French thinkers do not just dedicate their works to the philosopher and Chinese civilization, they propose concrete measures to implement their ideas. In this paradoxical dialogue they invent China to change France.This research aims to compare French and Chinese philosophical approaches to understand how the dissemination of the philosophy of Confucius in Europe is the development of ideas of independence and free thought
Lecoq, Jean-François. "L'individu empêché : recherches sur les fondements et les limites de la représentation de l'individuel dans le premier dix-huitième siècle." Paris 4, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040282.
Porset, Charles. "Recherches sur le dix-huitième siècle, les lumières et la franc-maçonnerie." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF20040.
Taking as its point of departure the galilean revolution, this research investigates its effects in the 18th century. The breakdown of the antique and medieval cosmos led to the reorganisation of the relation between god, the world and men. The deism aseexposed by voltaire is the middle-way between orthodoxy and atheism taken by the "lumieres". Likewise, by declaring men to be the sole object and purpose of men, the freemasonry, then establishing itself, acknowledged that secularisation of the sacred which was to animate philosophical debate throughout the century ; in a different field, general grammar, by claming words to be the signs of thought, was creating the conditions for the development of a science of language. By postulating the rationality of the real, the galilean breakthrough led to a revolution in the ways of seeing ; if appearance was no longereessence and god no longer - the foundation of all knowledge -, the experience alone could be at the basis of science. In this way the "lumieres" delimited the space of a new phenomenology, substituting the science of man as man for the science of beeing as a beeing of tradition
Toscano, Emanuele. "Le mouvement alterglobal en Europe : subjectivité et élaboration d’alternatives : une comparaison entre les cas italien, français et anglais." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0175.
The thesis looks at the study and analysis of initiatives set up by individual and collective actors that - both globally and locally - have played between the last years of the twentieth century and the beginning of third millennium a key role for the establishment of a movement called "alterglobal”. This definition is due to the particularity of meanings given to the action of this movement, called with certain superficiality in the worldwide media "no global" or "anti globalist". This research aims to demonstrate that the purpose of the alterglobal action - while exercising institutional pressures by its components at different levels of social life – is not reduced to find new forms of institutional interventions and political participation. Objective of the thesis is also to demonstrate that the alterglobal movement is composed by a multitude of orientations and subjective sensitivities who are just not seeking an alternative to political representation for the claim of their own interests and rights nor the way by which individuals can participate in the global public debate, as argued by the authors inspired by the Global Civil Society theory. Instead, the alterglobal action place at the head of its objectives the recognition and affirmation of cultural, political and social rights related to individual and group subjective specificity. The thesis concerns the analysis of alterglobal movement in three different national contexts : Italy, France and England
Meunier-Messika, Isabelle. "Jean-Henri Maubert de Gouvest (1721-1767) et l'univers des aventuriers des lettres au siècle des Lumières." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC023/document.
Jean-Henri Maubert de Gouvest, born in Rouen in 1721, was an Enlightenment adventurer. With his tumultuous career, he is fully in line within the polymorphous and variegated family of fortune knights studied by Suzanne Roth and Alexandre Stroev. In fact, by breaking relationships with his family, Maubert entered the Capuchin order at the age of 17 but when he quit the religious habit, he left the convent. Becoming fugitive, he could not return to his family and his peregrinations carried him all over Europe, like Ange Goudar or Casanova. Throughout his travels, our knight of fortune played the role of tutor in Poland, journalist in the United Provinces or spy for France. Different occupations evoked in André Warzée, Jeroom Vercruysse, Pierre Coquelle or Edmond Dziembowski’s works on the press and the Seven Years' War. By developing relationships with some statesmen and many other adventurers over the course of his adventures, Maubert created a real network and thus shaped enough material to write, gradually becoming an “aventurier d’écritoire”. His low income placed him in the category of "Rousseau des ruisseaux", analyzed by Robert Darnton. Living precariously, Maubert succeeded in attracting the good graces of a patron : Cobenzl, a plenipotentiary minister in Brussels with whom he maintained a correspondence. Despite the help of his benefactor, Maubert was forced to produce a literature only to survive, offering his readers an original vision of the eighteenth century filtered through his own experience. Polygraphe, he was interested in education, politics, religion and rewrote some of Voltaire’s works. Nevertheless, his literary career ended fairly quickly. Forced to leave Brussels for Amsterdam where his creditors caught up with him, he was imprisoned for nearly eighteen months during his endless trial. Leaving prison in a deplorable state of health, Maubert died in 1767, in Altona, in troubling circumstances. His literary work, unknown today, is however rich, including about thirty titles and would benefit being rediscovered by the historians. Thus, by analyzing the specificity of Maubert's network, we are interested in establishing whether and in what way, the different members of this group are representative and vectors of Enlightenment ideas. More than a rehabilitation of the literary artwork or of the author, we focus in this work on the study of the relationships and writings of a man who was both a witness and an actor of the Enlightenment
Baudens, Stéphane. "Défenses et justifications de la monarchie absolue en France au XVIIIe siècle (1715-1789)." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX32047.