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Статті в журналах з теми "Mucus plugs"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 травня 2022

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1

Coco, Danilo, and Silvana Leanza. "Pleural Effusion or Main Left Bronchus Mucus Obstruction: To Drain or Not to Drain? Decision-Making for Young Surgeon on Call." Case Reports in Radiology 2018 (2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/3180575.

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Mucous plugs occur in a number of pulmonary conditions. Central right or left bronchus mucus plug causes complete pulmonary collapse making it an emergency life-threatening case. We describe the case of an 80-year-old man that, in postoperative period after a urological intervention, has had a progressive tachypnea and dyspnea during hospitalization for urological problems. Young surgeon on call was called.

2

Huang, Lizhen, Xia Huang, Wujiang Jiang, Rong Zhang, Yongdong Yan, and Li Huang. "Independent predictors for longer radiographic resolution in patients with refractoryMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia: a prospective cohort study." BMJ Open 8, no. 12 (December 2018): e023719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-023719.

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ObjectivesTo examine prospectively the radiographic clearance of refractoryMycoplasma pneumoniaepneumonia (RMPP) in immunocompetent children, and to identify independent predictors of time to complete radiographic resolution in patients with RMPP.DesignA prospective cohort study.SettingChildren’s Hospital of Soochow University, China.ParticipantsA total of 187 patients with RMPP treated with bronchoscopy were prospectively enrolled in the study between January 2012 and December 2015.MethodsSerial chest radiographs were obtained after discharge every 4 weeks up to a maximum of 24 weeks after diagnosis or until large infiltration on chest radiographs had resolved. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of time to complete radiographic resolution.ResultsOf the 187 patients with RMPP, bronchial mucus plug formation was detected in 73 (39.0%). C reactive protein (CRP) ≥50 mg/L, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ≥480 U/L, total fever duration ≥10 days and presence of mucus plugs were associated with longer time to radiographic clearance (all p<0.01). Compared with children without mucus plugs, those with mucus plugs were significantly more likely to have longer time to radiographic clearance (adjusted OR: 11.5; 95% CI 2.5 to 45.7; p<0.01).ConclusionClinicians might use duration of fever, CRP, LDH and presence of mucus plugs as parameters to identify children at a longer time to radiographic clearance in patients with RMPP.

3

Pillai, Krishna, Javed Akhter, and David L. Morris. "Assessment of a novel mucolytic solution for dissolving mucus in pseudomyxoma peritonei: an ex vivo and in vitro study." Pleura and Peritoneum 2, no. 2 (June 27, 2017): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pp-2017-0013.

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AbstractBackgroundPseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is difficult to treat. Intraperitoneal delivery of mucolytic solutions might potentially improve therapy, in addition to surgical cytoreduction and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.MethodsComparison of mucolytic effect of two formulations (control: bromelain 300 µg/mL+N-Acetylcystein 250 mM; test: bromelain 200 µg/mL+200 mM cysteamine) in vitro on a mucin producing cell lines (HT29) and ex vivo on mucus obtained from 18 PMP patients. Mucin plugs were classified according to their density into three categories: hard, semi hard and soft. Simulation of peritoneal washing ex vivo using a closed heated circulating pump.ResultsSolubilisation was faster with the test vs. the control formulation (90 vs. 180 min) for dissolving the soft mucin plugs (p < 0.05). The test solution was also more effective in dissolving the hard mucus plugs compared to control (82.5±2.74 % vs. 36.33±3.27 %). All mucin types disintegrated in simulated peritoneal washing. Cytotoxicity of the test solution on HT29 cell line was time-dependent.ConclusionsThe test formulation is more effective and faster than the control formulation in dissolving mucus plugs of various densities. Mucus plugs were all solubilised after 40 min in simulated peritoneal washing. This novel mucolytic formulation might pave the way for an effective and less invasive therapy of PMP in the future.

4

Bolliger, C. T., and A. P. Perruchouo. "Transient unilateral hyperlucent lung due to mucus plugs." Intensive Care Medicine 17, no. 2 (February 1991): 121–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01691436.

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5

Yang, Zhenyu, Lu Qin, Jinhan Qiao, Chongsheng Cheng, Yiwen Liu, Shengding Zhang, Xiaoyu Fang, et al. "Novel imaging phenotypes of naïve asthma patients with distinctive clinical characteristics and T2 inflammation traits." Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease 13 (January 2022): 204062232210848. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20406223221084831.

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Objective: This study aims to describe the imaging features of naïve asthma patients, defined as not receiving corticosteroids or other asthma medications for at least 1 month, and their association with therapeutic response, and to discover novel unbiased imaging phenotypes. Methods: A total of 109 naïve asthma patients and 50 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Clinical data and imaging indices of high-resolution computed tomography were collected. The correlation between imaging indices and clinical features was analyzed. Cluster analyses were adopted to determine three novel imaging phenotypes. Results: Compared with healthy controls, naïve asthma patients presented higher scores of airway remodeling, bronchiectasis, and mucus plugs. Mean airway wall area (WA)% was inversely correlated with mid-expiratory flow velocity% predicted. The extent score of bronchiectasis was positively correlated with smoking history and significantly increased in the high mucus group. Mucus plugs were related to improving lung function and type 2 (T2) inflammation, as assessed by sputum and blood eosinophils and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide. Cluster 1 patients had a high proportion of emphysema, the best lung function, and the lowest T2 inflammation; cluster 2 patients had severe airway remodeling, relatively good lung function, and moderate T2 inflammation; cluster 3 patients had severe airway remodeling, mucus plugs, and bronchiectasis, and showed the worst lung function and highest T2 inflammation. Conclusion: Naïve asthma patients had the imaging traits of airway remodeling, bronchiectasis, and mucus plugs. The unbiased imaging phenotypes had good consistency with clinical characteristics, therapeutic response, and T2 inflammation expression in naïve asthma patients.

6

Zamankhan, Parsa, Brian T. Helenbrook, Shuichi Takayama, and James B. Grotberg. "Steady motion of Bingham liquid plugs in two-dimensional channels." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 705 (December 12, 2011): 258–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.438.

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AbstractWe study numerically the steady creeping motion of Bingham liquid plugs in two-dimensional channels as a model of mucus behaviour during airway reopening in pulmonary airways. In addition to flow analysis related to propagation of the plug, the stress distribution on the wall is studied for better understanding of potential airway epithelial cell injury mechanisms. The yield stress behaviour of the fluid was implemented through a regularized constitutive equation. The capillary number, $\mathit{Ca}$, and the Bingham number, $\mathit{Bn}$, which is the ratio of the yield stress to a characteristic viscous stress, varied over the ranges 0.025–0.1 and 0–1.5, respectively. For the range of parameters studied, it was found that, while the yield stress reduces the magnitude of the shearing along the wall, it can magnify the amplitude of the wall shear stress gradient significantly, and also it can elevate the magnitude of the wall shear stress and wall pressure gradient up to 30 % and 15 %, respectively. Therefore, the motion of mucus plugs can be more damaging to the airway epithelial cells due to the yield stress properties of mucus. The yield stress also modifies the profile of the plug where the amplitude of the capillary waves at the leading meniscus decreases with increase in $\mathit{Bn}$. Other findings are that: the thickness of the static film increases with increasing $\mathit{Bn}$; the driving pressure difference increases linearly with $\mathit{Bn}$; and increasing $\mathit{Bn}$ extends any wall stagnation point beneath the leading meniscus to an unyielded line segment beneath the leading meniscus. With an increase in $\mathit{Bn}$, the unyielded areas appear and grow in the adjacent wall film as well as the core region of the plug between the two menisci. The plug length, ${L}_{P} $, mostly modifies the topology of the yield surfaces. It was found that the unyielded area in the core region between the two menisci grows as the plug length decreases. The very short Bingham plug behaves like a solid lamella. In all computed liquid plugs moving steadily, the von Mises stress attains its maximum value near the interface of the leading meniscus in the transition region. For Bingham plugs moving very slowly, $\mathit{Ca}\ensuremath{\rightarrow} 0$, the driving pressure is non-zero.

7

De Lisle, Robert C., Matthew Petitt, Kathryn S. Isom, and Donna Ziemer. "Developmental expression of a mucinlike glycoprotein (MUCLIN) in pancreas and small intestine of CF mice." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 275, no. 2 (August 1, 1998): G219—G227. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1998.275.2.g219.

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The mucinlike glycoprotein MUCLIN, one of two protein products of the CRP-ductin gene, was used to study changes in the expression of sulfated glycoconjugates during the pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis, using the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) knockout mouse (CF mouse). We assessed the appearance of dilated lumina containing protein or mucus plugs in pancreatic acini and crypts of the small intestine and quantified MUCLIN protein and CRP-ductin mRNA during postnatal development. In CF mice, the pancreatic acinar lumen was dilated by postnatal day 16( P16), but MUCLIN protein was first significantly increased by P23 and remained elevated through adulthood compared with normal mice. Similarly, intestinal crypts had CF-like mucus plugs by P16, but MUCLIN protein was first elevated by P23 and remained elevated through adulthood compared with normal mice. In both organs, MUCLIN labeling of the luminal surface was increased concomitantly with dilation and protein or mucus plugging but before upregulation of expression. The morphological changes were then followed by upregulation of MUCLIN protein and CRP-ductin mRNA expression. This is the first direct study of CF pathogenesis and the resultant increase in glycoconjugate gene expression. The data are consistent with CF pathogenesis progressing from an initial alteration in protein secretory dynamics (increased luminal MUCLIN and protein/mucus plugs) to an upregulation of glycoprotein/mucin gene expression, which is expected to exacerbate obstruction of the luminal spaces.

8

Arenas-De Larriva, Marisol, Roberto Martín-DeLeon, Blanca Urrutia Royo, Iker Fernández-Navamuel, Andrés Gimenez Velando, Laura Nuñez García, Carmen Centeno Clemente, et al. "The role of bronchoscopy in patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia." ERJ Open Research 7, no. 3 (June 3, 2021): 00165–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00165-2021.

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BackgroundThe role of bronchoscopy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a matter of debate.Patients and methodsThis observational multicentre study aimed to analyse the prognostic impact of bronchoscopic findings in a consecutive cohort of patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19. Patients were enrolled at 17 hospitals from February to June 2020. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were assessed by multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 1027 bronchoscopies were performed in 515 patients (age 61.5±11.2 years; 73% men), stratified into a clinical suspicion cohort (n=30) and a COVID-19 confirmed cohort (n=485). In the clinical suspicion cohort, the diagnostic yield was 36.7%. In the COVID-19 confirmed cohort, bronchoscopies were predominantly performed in the intensive care unit (n=961; 96.4%) and major indications were: difficult mechanical ventilation (43.7%), mucus plugs (39%) and persistence of radiological infiltrates (23.4%). 147 bronchoscopies were performed to rule out superinfection, and diagnostic yield was 42.9%. There were abnormalities in 91.6% of bronchoscopies, the most frequent being mucus secretions (82.4%), haematic secretions (17.7%), mucus plugs (17.6%), and diffuse mucosal hyperaemia (11.4%). The independent predictors of in-hospital mortality were: older age (OR 1.06; p<0.001), mucus plugs as indication for bronchoscopy (OR 1.60; p=0.041), absence of mucosal hyperaemia (OR 0.49; p=0.041) and the presence of haematic secretions (OR 1.79; p=0.032).ConclusionBronchoscopy may be indicated in carefully selected patients with COVID-19 to rule out superinfection and solve complications related to mechanical ventilation. The presence of haematic secretions in the distal bronchial tract may be considered a poor prognostic feature in COVID-19.

9

Yoshida, Yuki, Yotaro Takaku, Yasuo Nakamoto, Noboru Takayanagi, Tsutomu Yanagisawa, Hajime Takizawa, and Kazuyoshi Kurashima. "Changes in airway diameter and mucus plugs in patients with asthma exacerbation." PLOS ONE 15, no. 2 (February 27, 2020): e0229238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0229238.

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10

Dunican, Eleanor M., Brett M. Elicker, David S. Gierada, Scott K. Nagle, Mark L. Schiebler, John D. Newell, Wilfred W. Raymond, et al. "Mucus plugs in patients with asthma linked to eosinophilia and airflow obstruction." Journal of Clinical Investigation 128, no. 3 (February 5, 2018): 997–1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci95693.

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11

Pegler, Samuel S., and Neil J. Balmforth. "Locomotion over a viscoplastic film." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 727 (June 14, 2013): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.224.

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AbstractWe present a modelling study of locomotion over a layer of viscoplastic fluid motivated by the self-propulsion of marine and terrestrial gastropods. Our model comprises a layer of viscoplastic mucus lying beneath a fluid-filled foot that is laced internally by muscular fibres under tension and overlain by the main body of the locomotor, which is assumed to be rigid. The mucus is described using lubrication theory and the Bingham constitutive law, and the foot using a continuum approximation for the action of the muscle fibres. The model is first used to study the retrograde strategy of locomotion employed by marine gastropods, wherein the muscle fibres create a backwards-travelling wave of predominantly normal displacements along the surface of the foot. Once such a retrograde forcing pattern is switched on, the system is shown to converge towards a steady state of locomotion in a frame moving with the wave. The steady speed of locomotion decreases with the yield stress, until it vanishes altogether above a critical yield stress. Despite the absence of locomotion above this threshold, waves still propagate along the foot, peristaltically pumping mucus in the direction of the wave. The model is next used to study the prograde strategy employed by terrestrial gastropods, wherein the muscle fibres create a forwards-travelling wave of predominantly tangential displacements of the foot surface. In this case, a finite yield stress is shown to be necessary for locomotion, with the speed of locomotion initially increasing with the yield stress. Beyond a critical yield stress, localized rigid plugs form across the depth of the mucus layer, adhering parts of the foot to the base. These stop any transport of mucus, but foot motions elsewhere still drive locomotion. As the yield stress is increased further, the rigid plugs widen horizontally, increasing the viscous drag and eventually reducing the speed of locomotion, which is therefore maximized for an intermediate value of the yield stress.

12

Xu, Xuefeng, Lei Wu, Yuanjian Sheng, Jinling Liu, Zhufei Xu, Weixing Kong, Lanfang Tang, and Zhimin Chen. "Airway microbiota in children with bronchial mucus plugs caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia." Respiratory Medicine 170 (August 2020): 105902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2020.105902.

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13

Vornhagen, Jay, Phoenicia Quach, Verónica Santana-Ufret, Varchita Alishetti, Alyssa Brokaw, Blair Armistead, Hai Qing Tang, et al. "Human Cervical Mucus Plugs Exhibit Insufficiencies in Antimicrobial Activity Towards Group B Streptococcus." Journal of Infectious Diseases 217, no. 10 (February 7, 2018): 1626–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiy076.

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14

Kim, Youlim, and Kwang Ha Yoo. "Mucus Plugs and Small Airway Dysfunction: An Important Concept in Airway Disease Pathophysiology." Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 14, no. 2 (2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.151.

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15

Tamura, Kanami, Toshihiro Shirai, Keita Hirai, Hiromasa Nakayasu, Shingo Takahashi, Yutaro Kishimoto, Taisuke Akamatsu, Kazuhiro Asada, and Satoshi Kato. "Mucus Plugs and Small Airway Dysfunction in Asthma, COPD, and Asthma-COPD Overlap." Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research 14, no. 2 (2022): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.4168/aair.2022.14.2.196.

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16

Bernstein, Joel M., and William J. Doyle. "Role of Ige-Mediated Hypersensitivity in Otitis Media with Effusion: Pathophysiologic Considerations." Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology 103, no. 5_suppl (May 1994): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00034894941030s505.

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A pathophysiologic model of otitis media with effusion secondary to IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is described. Specific mediators of inflammation are released by mucosal mast cells in the nasal mucosa following the interaction of antigen and specific IgE antibody. These mediators increase vascular permeability, mucosal blood flow, and, most important, mucus production. Furthermore, accessory cell types are recruited by colony-stimulating factors that in turn provide an autocrine-positive feedback for the influx of further inflammatory cells. The eustachian tube is then effectively obstructed by both intrinsic venous engorgement and extrinsic mucus plugs, isolating the middle ear space from the ambient environment The net result is the increased exchange of nitrogen into the middle ear mucosa from the middle ear cavity. This causes the development of a significant middle ear underpressure that disrupts tight junctions and allows for transudation of fluids into the middle ear space. The prolonged obstruction of the eustachian tube with mucus results in middle ear inflammation, mucosal metaplasia, and increased glandular activities, all of which are hallmarks of chronic otitis media with effusion.

17

Devkota, Kiran, Miao He, and You Wei Zhang. "Case Report: Mucus plug in bronchus mimicking a bronchial solid foreign body obstruction." F1000Research 6 (September 25, 2017): 1749. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12495.1.

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Bronchial foreign body obstruction is common in all clinical settings. Obstruction of the airway due to foreign bodies and foreign body aspiration are major causes of childhood mortality and morbidity, which are a big challenge to manage. Occasionally, bronchial obstruction may be due to mucus plugs or other endogenous factors. Here we describe a case of bronchial obstruction caused by mucus plug formation that was managed conservatively in a one-year old boy. The patient was suffering from a cough and noisy breathing for 2 days prior to coming to our hospital, when he experienced sudden onset of difficulty in breathing and a severe cough. At the time of presentation his vital sign readings were:- HR 186 bpm, RR 46/min, BP 78/40 MmHg, temp 36.9°C and SPO2 68%. He was given oxygen immediately and nebulization was started. Chest CT scan was performed that suggested the presence of a right bronchial foreign body with right sided obstructive emphysema. The patient was stable with oxygenation and nebulization with ipratropium bromide, albuterol, normal saline and budesonide before the CT scan. Therefore, we conclude that symptoms resembling foreign body obstruction are not always aspirated or inhaled, and sometimes secreted sputum forms a plug, which mimics the symptoms of foreign body obstruction.

18

Akhter, Javeed, and Hanna S. Sahhar. "Flexible Bronchoscope-Directed Catheter Removal of Mucus Plugs in a Child With Plastic Bronchitis." Journal of Bronchology 11, no. 2 (April 2004): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00128594-200404000-00009.

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19

Tamura, Kanami, Toshihiro Shirai, Satoshi Kato, Hiromasa Nakayasu, Toshihiro Masuda, Shingo Takahashi, Yutaro Kishimoto, et al. "ASSOCIATION OF MUCUS PLUGS WITH AIRFLOW OBSTRUCTION AND AIRWAY INFLAMMATION IN MODERATE TO SEVERE ASTHMA." Chest 158, no. 4 (October 2020): A19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2020.08.062.

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20

Tomomatsu, Katsuyoshi, Yasuteru Sugino, Naoki Okada, Jun Tanaka, Tsuyoshi Oguma, and Koichiro Asano. "Rapid clearance of mepolizumab-resistant bronchial mucus plugs in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis with benralizumab treatment." Allergology International 69, no. 4 (October 2020): 636–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2020.03.003.

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21

Mehta, Ajay J., Gary R. Stevens, and Patrick J. Antonelli. "Opening plugged tympanostomy tubes: Effect of inner diameter and shaft length." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 132, no. 2 (February 2005): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2004.10.006.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether tympanostomy tube (TT) inner diameter or shaft length impacts the rate of mucoid plug clearance. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Ex vivo model. Silicone TTs with different inner-diameters (ID) and shaft-length (SL) pairings (1.14 mm ID × 12 mm SL versus 1.14 mm ID × 1 mm SL; 1.14 mm ID × 4.8 mm SL versus 1.32 mm ID × 4.8 mm SL) were plugged with middle-ear mucus (n = 15 per group) and placed in a model ear chamber. Ofloxacin otic solution was instilled into the chamber to cover the plugged TT, and the time to clearance of each plug was recorded. RESULTS: TTs with larger IDs ( P = 0.019) and greater SLs ( P = 0.033) cleared plugs more rapidly. However, the difference in the percentage of tubes that unplugged was not significant ( P = 0.151). CONCLUSIONS: Rate of ex vivo TT plug clearance may be altered by changing TT ID and SL.

22

Cortjens, Bart, Rineke de Jong, Judith G. Bonsing, Job B. M. van Woensel, Adriaan F. G. Antonis, and Reinout A. Bem. "Local dornase alfa treatment reduces NETs-induced airway obstruction during severe RSV infection." Thorax 73, no. 6 (August 5, 2017): 578–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210289.

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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is characterised by airway obstruction with mucus plugs, containing DNA networks in the form of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). We investigated the effect of dornase alfa on histopathological NETs-induced airway obstruction and viral load in an age-relevant calf model of severe bovine RSV disease. As compared with the control animals, dornase alfa treatment resulted in a strong reduction of NETs-induced airway obstruction. Viral load in the lower respiratory tract was not different between the two groups. We conclude that NETs form a relevant target for treatment of airway obstruction in severe RSV disease.

23

Lu, Hai‐Wen, Bei Mao, Ping Wei, Sen Jiang, Hong Wang, Cheng‐Wei Li, Xiao‐Bing Ji, et al. "The clinical characteristics and prognosis of ABPA are closely related to the mucus plugs in central bronchiectasis." Clinical Respiratory Journal 14, no. 2 (December 5, 2019): 140–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/crj.13111.

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24

Morozov, Andrey, Kimberly E. Applegate, Shanaree Brown, and Michelle Howenstine. "High-attenuation mucus plugs on MDCT in a child with cystic fibrosis: potential cause and differential diagnosis." Pediatric Radiology 37, no. 6 (April 24, 2007): 592–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00247-007-0471-8.

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25

Mummy, David G., Eleanor M. Dunican, Katherine J. Carey, Michael D. Evans, Brett M. Elicker, John D. Newell, David S. Gierada, et al. "Mucus Plugs in Asthma at CT Associated with Regional Ventilation Defects at ³He MRI." Radiology 303, no. 1 (April 2022): 184–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021204616.

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26

Norkina, Oxana, Tim G. Burnett, and Robert C. De Lisle. "Bacterial Overgrowth in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator Null Mouse Small Intestine." Infection and Immunity 72, no. 10 (October 2004): 6040–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.72.10.6040-6049.2004.

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ABSTRACT We recently reported the inflammation of the cystic fibrosis (CF) mouse small intestine, and we hypothesized bacterial overgrowth as a possible cause. Quantitative PCR of bacterial 16S genomic DNA in the CF mouse small intestine revealed an increase of greater than 40-fold compared to controls. Sequencing of 16S PCR products and Gram staining showed that the majority of bacteria in the CF mouse intestine were gram negative. Bacteria were observed to colonize the mucus that accumulates in the intestinal lumen of mice with CF. Impaired Paneth cell defenses were suggested by observation of partially dispersed Paneth granules in the mucus plugs of CF mouse intestinal crypts, and this mucus was strongly immunoreactive for Paneth cell bactericidal products. The role of bacterial overgrowth in intestinal inflammation in CF was tested by treating mice with oral antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole) for 3 weeks, which reduced bacterial load in the CF mouse small intestine over 400-fold. Antibiotic treatment decreased the expression of the inflammation-related genes mast cell protease 2, leucine-rich α2 glycoprotein/leucine-rich high endothelial venule glycoprotein, suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, hematopoietic cell transcript 1, and resistin-like molecule β/found in inflammatory zone 2, all of which were no longer expressed at levels significantly different from control levels. The reduction of intestinal bacteria also significantly improved the growth of CF mice but had no effect on the growth of wild-type mice. These data suggest that bacterial overgrowth in the CF mouse small intestine has a role in inflammation and contributes to the failure to thrive in this mouse model of CF.

27

Hong, Won Sun, Soo Ah Im, Hyo Lim Kim, and Jong-seo Yoon. "CT evaluation of airway foreign bodies in children: emphasis on the delayed diagnosis and differentiation from airway mucus plugs." Japanese Journal of Radiology 31, no. 1 (October 18, 2012): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11604-012-0141-0.

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28

Avagnina, Irene, Chiara Paolin, Micaela Santini, and Franca Benini. "Scialorrea e tappi di muco: consigli pratici di gestione nei pazienti eleggibili alle cure palliative pediatriche." QUADERNI ACP 28, no. 2 (2021): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.53141/qacp.2021.76-79.

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Pediatric palliative care is a multidisciplinary area of pediatrics that aims to ensure a quality of life for children suffering from incurable diseases with high care complexity and also respond to their needs and those of their families. At the clinical level, there are many disturbing symptoms with a wide impact on the quality of life, which must be managed and treated. In particular some of them represent a major challenge for caregivers and health professionals looking after children eligible for PPC. This work aims to present, with a practical and immediately useful cut for the pediatrician, the management strategies of frequent symptoms, starting with drooling and mucus plugs; the latter are very frequent in children with non-oncological disease, followed by PPC. If not treated, they limit the child’s quality of life and have a significant impact on the concerns and management of family members / caregivers.

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Sovtic, Aleksandar, Tijana Grba, Danilo Grahovac, and Predrag Minic. "Flexible Bronchoscopy in Evaluation of Persistent Wheezing in Children—Experiences from National Pediatric Center." Medicina 56, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 329. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070329.

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Background and objectives: Persistent wheezing (PW) is defined as prolonged or recurrent episodes of wheezing despite regular treatment. Flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is recommended to determine the etiology of PW in children. This study aimed to determine the etiology of PW based on FB findings in a national pediatric center. Materials and Methods: Children presenting with PW that underwent flexible bronchoscopy from April 2016 to August 2019 at the Mother and Child Health Institute of Serbia were included in this observational study. After endoscopic evaluation, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were taken and further analyzed. Quantitative microbiology, cytological analysis and oil-red staining of specimens were performed to determine cellular constituents and presence of lipid laden macrophages (LLM). Upper gastrointestinal series were performed to exclude gastroesophageal reflux disease, swallowing dysfunction and vascular ring. Results: Pathological findings were revealed in 151 of 172 study participants, with bacterial lower airway infection (BLAI) (48.3%) and primary bronchomalacia (20.4%) as the most common. Younger participants were hospitalized for significantly longer periods (ρ = −0.366, p < 0.001). Study participants with BLAI and associated mucus plugging were notably younger (p < 0.001). Presence of LLM in BALF was not associated with findings of upper gastrointestinal series. All patients with confirmed BLAI were treated with oral antibiotics. Although FB is considered to be invasive, there were no complications associated with the procedure. Conclusions: Flexible bronchoscopy has an exceptional diagnostic value in evaluation of PW. In younger patients with BLAI, presence of mucus plugs may complicate the clinical course, so significant benefits can be achieved with therapeutic lavage during bronchoscopy.

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Okumura, Kenichiro, Haruhiko Ogawa, Yuichi Yoshie, Takahiro Nadamura, Teturo Igarashi, Kazuya Tone, Kazuto Kozaka, Wataru Koda, Satoshi Kobayashi, and Toshifumi Gabata. "Mucus plugs and bronchial wall thickening on three-dimensional computed tomography in patients with unexplained chronic cough whose sputum yielded filamentous Basidiomycetes." European Radiology 30, no. 6 (February 11, 2020): 3268–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06664-5.

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Patel, Gayatri, and Paul A. Greenberger. "Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 40, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2019.40.4262.

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Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) occurs in patients with asthma or cystic fibrosis, and results in pulmonary infiltrates, tenacious mucus plugs that harbor hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus, elevations of total serum immunoglobulin E concentration and peripheral blood and sputum eosinophilia. Bronchiectasis is an irreversible complication of ABPA. The key to early diagnosis is to consider ABPA in anyone with asthma or cystic fibrosis and with a positive skin test result for Aspergillus, and/or recurrent infiltrates on radiographs. The differential diagnosis for ABPA in patients with asthma includes diseases in which there is an overlap of asthma, peripheral blood eosinophilia, and radiographic infiltrates. Examples include chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, Churg-Strauss syndrome, drug-induced pulmonary infiltrates, infection with a parasite, asthma with atelectasis, and lymphoma. Mucus plugging that causes a “tree in bud” pattern on computerized tomography examination of the lungs may be from ABPA or other conditions, such as nontuberculous (atypical) mycobacteria (Mycobacteria avium‐Mycobacteria intracellulare complex). Prednisone is indicated to clear pulmonary infiltrates, and a usual course is for 3 months. Itraconazole and voriconazole are adjunctive, and drug-drug interactions must be considered because azoles decrease elimination of various medications. Although not familial in most patients, presentation of Aspergillus fumigatus f1 (Asp f1) antigen is restricted to specific major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, Human Leukocyte Antigen-DR2 (HLA-DR2), and HLA-DR5. There is an increased number of CD4+ T-helper type 2 lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage, and A. fumigatus can serve as a growth factor of eosinophils potentiating the effects of interleukin (IL) 3, IL-5, and Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Eosinophils interact directly with A. fumigatus spores and generate extracellular traps, which can injure the bronchial epithelium.

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Lew-Kojrys, S., E. Mikulska-Skupien, A. Snarska, W. Krystkiewicz, and A. Pomianowski. "Evaluation of clinical signs and causes of lower urinary tract disease in Polish cats." Veterinární Medicína 62, No. 7 (July 25, 2017): 386–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/170/2016-vetmed.

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This paper describes the results of a retrospective study performed on 385 cats with feline lower urinary tract disease. The study was conducted to obtain epidemiological data and to evaluate clinical symptoms and the results of laboratory tests in a population of Polish cats with symptoms of lower urinary tract disease. The analysed population comprised feline patients of the veterinary clinic at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn who had not been treated prior to admission. Medical history was obtained for all patients. Urine samples were collected mostly, but not solely, by cystocentesis. Feline idiopathic cystitis was diagnosed in most cats (60.7%), while urinary tract infections were noted in only 7.8% of patients. Urethral obstruction caused by mucus plugs was observed in 17.4% of animals. Urolithiasis was observed in 13% of cats, 5% of whom were also diagnosed with urinary tract infections. Hyperplastic changes were identified in only 1% of the studied population. In 59% of cats, feline lower urinary tract disease was accompanied by urethral obstruction. Cats with feline idiopathic cystitis were the youngest animals in the analysed population, and the risk of urinary tract infections and neoplasia increased with age. Our results, obtained over a period of six years in a Polish feline population, show that sex, neutering, age, living conditions and diet influence the type of urinary tract disease, data which are consistent with those obtained in other countries.

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R., Jackin Moses, Anantharaman R., Kottoorathu Mammen Cheriyan, Mohamed Thayub S., and Raj Ganesh R. "Bronchoscopic survillance during early postoperative period after lung transplantation." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 7, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 4475. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195503.

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Background: Lung transplant has become an accepted modality of treatment of patients with end stage pulmonary disease, establishing protocols for improving survival in these patients is the need of the hour. The aim of this study was to assess the use of bronchoscopic surveillance during early post-operative period after lung transplantation.Methods: It is a hospital based retrospective study; the study was carried out in a lung transplant centre located in Chennai, India. A total of eight cases of single lung transplantation were done during the period of one year. Six patients were selected based on the inclusion criteria and the use of bronchoscopy during the immediate post-operative period followed by bronchoscopy during the early hours of everyday for the first week and the success in reduction of immediate post-operative infection and observations has been analysed.Results: In analysis of all the six cases, the positive signs of early morning bronchoscopy done were identified, mucus plugs which contribute to significant hypoxemia and morbidity were not observed in any of the patients. New patch was also not observed in any of these patients. Culture positivity from the donor lung carrying over to the recipient was observed in just one of these patients.Conclusions: This protocol based frequent bronchoscopy prevents ‘Surprise’ patches in the lungs. Performance of Broncho Alveolar Lavage on a regular basis avoided the possibility of infections developing by early screening and aided as a tool for identification of acute neo lung rejection.

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Henderson, Ian R., Susan Hicks, Fernando Navarro-Garcia, Waldir P. Elias, Alan D. Philips, and James P. Nataro. "Involvement of the EnteroaggregativeEscherichia coli Plasmid-Encoded Toxin in Causing Human Intestinal Damage." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 5338–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.10.5338-5344.1999.

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ABSTRACT Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) strains have been shown to adhere to human intestinal tissue in an in vitro organ culture (IVOC) model, and certain strains manifest mucosal toxicity. We have recently described the EAEC plasmid-encoded toxin (Pet), a member of a specific serine protease subclass of the autotransporter proteins. When injected into rat ileal loops, Pet both elicited fluid accumulation and had cytotoxic effects on the mucosa. Furthermore, the Pet protein caused rises in short circuit current from rat jejunal tissue mounted in a Ussing chamber and rounding of intestinal epithelial cells in culture. We therefore hypothesized that the mucosal pathology induced by EAEC strains in the IVOC model was related to expression of the Pet protein. Here, we have examined the effects of EAEC strain 042 and its isogenic pet mutant in the IVOC model. 042-infected colonic explants exhibited dilation of crypt openings, increased cell rounding, development of prominent intercrypt crevices, and absence of apical mucus plugs. Colonic tissue incubated with the pet mutant exhibited significantly fewer mucosal abnormalities both subjectively and as quantitated morphometrically by measurement of crypt aperture diameter. Mucosal effects were restored upon complementation of the pet mutation intrans. Interestingly, we found that the ability of 042 to damage T84 cells was not dependent upon Pet. The data suggest that the Pet toxin is active on the human intestinal mucosa but that EAEC may have other mechanisms of eliciting mucosal damage.

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SELL, SANDRA, and FREDERICK J. TASOTA. "Tracheostomy mucus plug." Nursing 34, no. 10 (October 2004): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-200410000-00056.

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Mueller, M. E., D. A. Sanchez, H. L. Bergman, D. G. McDonald, R. G. Rhem, and C. M. Wood. "Nature and Time Course of Acclimation to Aluminum in Juvenile Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). II. Gill Histology." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 10 (October 1, 1991): 2016–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-240.

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Gill samples from juvenile brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) acclimated to low-level aluminum at pH 5.2 showed severe damage by day 4, with necrosis and fusion of secondary lamellae and hyperplasia and hypertrophy of mucous cells. Over the following 20 d, there was a continual process of repair with proliferation and hypertrophy of mucous cells. Qualitative analysis of gill samples plus physiology and mortality data collected in a companion study indicated progressive development (by day 10 onward) of increasing acclimation to Al. Quantitative analysis of gill samples on day 13 showed that mucous cell volume density had tripled and mucous cell area had doubled in Al-exposed fish compared with control fish. A lamellar fusion index showed evidence of fusion in Al-exposed fish by day 4 with recovery to nearly control levels by day 13. Physiological disturbances appear to be directly related to the histological changes observed in the gill epithelium. At the cellular level, changes in either mucous cell production and secretion or changes in mucus chemistry contribute, in part, to acclimation to Al.

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Anjanipriya, Dr V. "Broncopulmonary Lavage through Double Lumen Endobronchial Tube For Re-Expansion of Collapsed Lung Due to Mucus Plug." Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research 05, no. 02 (February 15, 2017): 17686–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.79.

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Lacroix, Guillaume, Valérie Gouyer, Frédéric Gottrand, and Jean-Luc Desseyn. "The Cervicovaginal Mucus Barrier." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (November 4, 2020): 8266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218266.

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Preterm births are a global health priority that affects 15 million babies every year worldwide. There are no effective prognostic and therapeutic strategies relating to preterm delivery, but uterine infections appear to be a major cause. The vaginal epithelium is covered by the cervicovaginal mucus, which is essential to health because of its direct involvement in reproduction and functions as a selective barrier by sheltering the beneficial lactobacilli while helping to clear pathogens. During pregnancy, the cervical canal is sealed with a cervical mucus plug that prevents the vaginal flora from ascending toward the uterine compartment, which protects the fetus from pathogens. Abnormalities of the cervical mucus plug and bacterial vaginosis are associated with a higher risk of preterm delivery. This review addresses the current understanding of the cervicovaginal mucus and the cervical mucus plug and their interactions with the microbial communities in both the physiological state and bacterial vaginosis, with a focus on gel-forming mucins. We also review the current state of knowledge of gel-forming mucins contained in mouse cervicovaginal mucus and the mouse models used to study bacterial vaginosis.

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Patel, A., and C. Theokli. "Nebulised N-acetylcysteine used in acute tracheostoma obstruction." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 128, no. 12 (October 2, 2014): 1123–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215114002175.

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AbstractBackground:Patients with laryngectomy tracheostomas are at risk of developing acute airway obstruction due to mucous crusting. Current management relies on saline nebulisers, followed by suction and manual evacuation to remove the obstruction. This paper describes the first reported case of using N-acetylcysteine nebulisers in addition to saline to adequately soften the mucous plugs in order to facilitate removal.Case report:A 68-year-old female attended the emergency department with a partial obstruction of her laryngectomy tracheostoma as a result of mucous crusting. Saline nebulisers did not provide adequate softening to allow the obstructing mucous plugs to be removed. N-acetylcysteine nebulisers were used to further soften the mucous plugs which successfully resulted in their removal.Conclusion:N-acetylcysteine nebulisers can be used to assist in the removal of mucous plugs in saline-resistant cases.

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Simrod, Eric. "Tension ball valve mucus plug in asthma." Annals of Emergency Medicine 15, no. 6 (June 1986): 758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80450-4.

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Hein, Merete, Erika V. Valore, Rikke Bek Helmig, Niels Uldbjerg, and Tomas Ganz. "Antimicrobial factors in the cervical mucus plug." American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 187, no. 1 (July 2002): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/mob.2002.123034.

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Niederman, Michael S., Anthony Gambino, Jeffrey Lighter, Michael Weinblatt, and Alan M. Fein. "Tension ball valve mucus plug in asthma." American Journal of Medicine 79, no. 1 (July 1985): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(85)90558-3.

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Soler, Ximena, Mohamed Mahmoud, Gregory Smith, and Rajeev Subramanyam. "Not all mucous plugs are created equal!" Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 37 (February 2017): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.12.012.

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Chua, Stefanie Foong Ling, Chi Ho Chan, and Suhitharan Thangavelautham. "Shock Due to an Obstructed Endotracheal Tube." Journal of Critical Care Medicine 7, no. 4 (October 1, 2021): 308–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jccm-2021-0027.

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Abstract Endotracheal tube obstruction by a mucus plug causing a ball-valve effect is a rare but significant complication. The inability to pass a suction catheter through the endotracheal tube with high peak and plateau pressure differences are classical features of an endotracheal tube obstruction. A case is described of endotracheal tube obstruction from a mucus plug that compounded severe respiratory acidosis and hypotension in a patient who simultaneously had abdominal compartment syndrome. The mucus plug was not identified until a bronchoscopic assessment of the airway was performed. Due to the absence of classical signs, the delayed identification of the obstructing mucus plug exacerbated diagnostic confusion. It resulted in various treatments being trialed whilst the patient continued to deteriorate from the evasive offending culprit. We suggest that earlier and more routine use of bronchoscopy should be employed in an intensive care unit, especially as a definitive way to rule out endotracheal obstruction.

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Loux, S. C., K. E. Scoggin, M. H. T. Troedsson, E. L. Squires, and B. A. Ball. "Characterization of the cervical mucus plug in mares." Reproduction 153, no. 2 (February 2017): 197–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep-16-0396.

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The cervical mucus plug (CMP) is believed to play an integral role in the maintenance of pregnancy in the mare, primarily by inhibiting microbial entry. Unfortunately, very little is known about its composition or origin. To determine the proteomic composition of the CMP, we collected CMPs from mares (n = 4) at 9 months of gestation, and proteins were subsequently analyzed by nano-LC–MS/MS. Results were searched against EquCab2.0, and proteomic pathways were predicted by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Histologic sections of the CMP were stained with H&E and PAS. To identify the origin of highly abundant proteins in the CMP, we performed qPCR on endometrial and cervical mucosal mRNA from mares in estrus, diestrus as well as mares at 4 and 10 m gestation on transcripts for lactotransferrin, uterine serpin 14, uteroglobin, uteroferrin, deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 and mucins 4, 5b and 6. Overall, we demonstrated that the CMP is composed of a complex milieu of proteins during late gestation, many of which play an important role in immune function. Proteins traditionally considered to be endometrial proteins were found to be produced by the cervical mucosa suggesting that the primary source of the CMP is the cervical mucosa itself. In summary, composition of the equine CMP is specifically regulated not only during pregnancy but also throughout the estrous cycle. The structural and compositional changes serve to provide both a structural barrier as well as a physiological barrier during pregnancy to prevent infection of the fetus and fetal membranes.

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Hansen, L. K., J. S. Jensen, C. J. Kim, R. Romero, M. Ramsing, N. H. Becher, and N. Uldbjerg. "W077 BACTERIOLOGIC ASPECTS OF THE CERVICAL MUCUS PLUG." International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 119 (October 2012): S730. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7292(12)61802-5.

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Khan, M. S., and U. N. Sarkar. "Post-traumatic bronchial mucus plug leading to pneumonectomy." International Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Research 1, no. 3 (2012): 250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.14194/ijmbr.1313.

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Bastholm, Sara K., Naja Becher, Peter R. Stubbe, Ioannis S. Chronakis, and Niels Uldbjerg. "The viscoelastic properties of the cervical mucus plug." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 93, no. 2 (January 7, 2014): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12308.

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Geirsson, Reynir Tómas. "Human papilloma virus to the cervical mucus plug." Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica 93, no. 1 (December 17, 2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aogs.12309.

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Roy, Sreeja Biswas, Hesham Abdelrazek, Nitika Thawani, Amy Trahan, JASMINE HUANG, REBEKAH EDWARDS, and Tanmay Panchabhai. "MUCOUS PLUGS OR CANCER: THAT IS THE QUESTION." Chest 156, no. 4 (October 2019): A675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chest.2019.08.655.

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