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Статті в журналах з теми "Multi-alternative description"
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Shanmugapriya, P., K. Selvakumari, and S. Kavitha. "Entropy Method of Multi-Attribute Decision-Making Problems." E3S Web of Conferences 491 (2024): 02001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202449102001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Food choice aims to identify the solution totheexiguity of the food. It is possible to do this through diversification. Finding the best selection of food alternatives is the goal of food diversification.. Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods attempt to choose the best alternative from a group of possibilities based on several parameters. This paper provides the description of the entropy process use in the analysis and application of multi attribute decision-making (MADM) for choosing foods.
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Janusz, Lukowski. "Uniform group in the binary representation method." Studies and Materials in Applied Computer Science (ISSN 1689-6300) 11, no. 2 (2020): 22–24. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4344954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents definitions of uniform group defined in the binary representation method. The ability to identify uniform group enables the construction of a simplified logical description in the total consideration of the combinations of a multi-input combination system. The binary representation method is an alternative way of constructing a simplified description of the output function of a combinational system in relation to the method of formal transformations, the Karnaugh table or the Quine-McCluskey methods.
3
Komsiyah, Siti. "Aplikasi Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) pada Pemilihan Software Manajemen Proyek." ComTech: Computer, Mathematics and Engineering Applications 5, no. 2 (2014): 870. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/comtech.v5i2.2292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem with many alternative decisions in the areas of management and administration commonly referred to as multi-attribute decision problems. For example, the decision problem with many variables so that the target decision can not always be determined easily. Well-known method of approach, to overcome this kind of problem is called the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). AHP technique is given by arranging alternative levels of decision, so as to provide a structured quantitative description. Application of multi-attribute types ofproblems such as problems in the selection of software, car, project proposal, the university, the best employees, and so forth. In this paper, the approach developed using the AHP in software selection project management.
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Reato, Federico Maria, Claudio Ricci, Jan Misfatto, Matteo Calzaferri, and Simone Cinquemani. "An Alternative Multi-Physics-Based Methodology for Strongly Coupled Electro-Magneto-Mechanical Problems." Algorithms 16, no. 6 (2023): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a16060306.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The analysis of complex systems tends to be approached through a separation and a simplification of the main macro phenomena and, thus, addressed through dedicated techniques, tools, and algorithms. A smart and interesting possibility, instead, is represented by the so-called model-based design analysis, which allows one to interface phenomena coming from interactions of different physical natures. This paper aims to propose a multi-physics Matlab/Simulink®-based architecture that allows one to integrate general and strongly non-linear coupling phenomena, taking efforts from two novel implemented bi-directional co-simulation routines based on Spice® and ESRF Radia® engines. Emphasis is dedicated to the discussion and description of the co-simulation algorithms and processes characteristic of these routines, which allow the analog electronic and the magneto dynamic domain’s integration under a single simulation environment. To highlight the reliability of the multi-domain architecture and to validate the reported co-simulation results, a comparison with the experimental measures obtained on an innovative MEMS electromagnetic actuator are proposed.
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Park, Seok-Hwan, Osvaldo Simeone, and Shlomo Shamai (Shitz). "Robust Baseband Compression Against Congestion in Packet-Based Fronthaul Networks Using Multiple Description Coding." Entropy 21, no. 4 (2019): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21040433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In modern implementations of Cloud Radio Access Network (C-RAN), the fronthaul transport network will often be packet-based and it will have a multi-hop architecture built with general-purpose switches using network function virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN). This paper studies the joint design of uplink radio and fronthaul transmission strategies for a C-RAN with a packet-based fronthaul network. To make an efficient use of multiple routes that carry fronthaul packets from remote radio heads (RRHs) to cloud, as an alternative to more conventional packet-based multi-route reception or coding, a multiple description coding (MDC) strategy is introduced that operates directly at the level of baseband signals. MDC ensures an improved quality of the signal received at the cloud in conditions of low network congestion, i.e., when more fronthaul packets are received within a tolerated deadline. The advantages of the proposed MDC approach as compared to the traditional path diversity scheme are validated via extensive numerical results.
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Muhammad Habib and Noor ul Qamar. "Multimodal Interaction Recognition Mechanism by Using Midas Featured By Data-Level and Decision-Level Fusion." Lahore Garrison University Research Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 1, no. 2 (2017): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.54692/lgurjcsit.2017.010227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Natural User Interfaces (NUI's) dealing with gestures is an alternative of traditional input devices on multi-touch panels. Rate of growth in the Sensor technology has increased the use of multiple sensors to deal with various monitoring and compatibility issues of machines. Research on data-level fusion models requires more focus on the fusion of multiple degradation-based sensor data. Midas, a novel declarative language to express multimodal interaction patterns has come up with the idea of developers required patterns description by employing multi-model interaction mechanism. The language as a base interface deals with minimum complexity issues like controlling inversion and intermediary states by means of data fusion, data processing and data selection provisioning high-level programming abstractions.
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Дебела, І. М. "EXPERT ASSESSMENTS IN DECISION-MAKING PROBLEMS: THE METHOD OF MULTIPLICATIVE FUNCTIONS." Таврійський науковий вісник. Серія: Економіка, no. 20 (May 31, 2024): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2708-0366/2024.20.28.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Expert judgments and fuzzy set theory are two different concepts of systems analysis, but their combination improves the mathematical tool of multi-criteria analysis of decision-making problems. The method of expert evaluations belongs to the class of partially formalized methods based on the use of intuition and experience of decision-makers. The multi-criteria nature of the decision-making problem is manifested in the search for an alternative that simultaneously satisfies the constraint and optimizes the vector quantity, the elements of which correspond to the objective functions of the problem. The choice of the optimal alternative, in most cases, is also ambiguous and is based on subjective, undefined information about the object of decision-making, or selection criteria that do not have quantitative assessments. In this case, it can be said that the decision-making process is fuzzy. Multiplicative Function Method is one of the approaches to modeling fuzzy systems, problems related to fuzzy inference, or fuzzy model description. The purpose of the work is to study the possibility of combining the theory of fuzzy sets with a deterministic algorithm for a multi-criteria decision-making problem.
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MIKHNO, Oleksii, Igor PATRAKEYEV, and Natalia LEVINSKOVA. "Multi-criteria choice of alternatives based on hierarchy analysis method." Visnyk Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Military-Special Sciences, no. 4 (56) (2023): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2217.2023.56.57-63.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. When conducting descriptions of territories of a neighboring unfriendly state, as a rule, valid information about the development of such territories is hidden. Therefore, it is necessary to use the prognostic apparatus of expert evaluations based on information obtained from open sources. The article examines the basis of the military-geographical analysis of urbanized territories from the point of view of the application of expert assessments for many criteria. With a large number of options for prognostic decision-making, the question of choosing an alternative (decision option) should be fully justified. For such cases, it is advisable to use ranking based on the method of analysis of hierarchical structures. The purpose of such a description is to increase the validity of the decisions made during the selection of the optimal alternative by creating instrumental means of formalized evaluation of experts' judgments. Methods. The following methods were used: system analysis in the formation of the urban environment metabolism model; the method of analyzing hierarchies when applying multi-criteria selection of alternatives; the method of expert evaluations as a global method of the condition determining of the object according to many criteria; methods of theory of sets and theory of utility, with the help of functions of which the advantages of making the appropriate decision on a set of acceptable alternatives were modeled. Results. From the proposed alternatives, based on the obtained utility functions, the most optimal alternative, in the opinion of experts, was chosen, which can be used during the planning of measures to ensure the sustainable development of the urban environment. The calculated characteristics of utility functions are used as criteria for choosing the optimal alternative. The proposed criteria and alternatives are presented in the form of a hierarchy. Conclusions. The article lays the groundwork for additional research and application of the methodology of analysis of hierarchies and the theory of utility in achieving the goals of sustainable development of urban areas in prognostic models of military-geographical analysis.
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Gürbüz, Burcu, and Gerhard-Wilhelm Weber. "An Introduction to the Special Issue on Numerical Techniques Meet with OR - Part II." Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences 46, no. 3 (2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/fcds-2021-0013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The special issue: “Numerical Techniques Meet with OR” of the Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences consists of two parts which are of the main theme of numerical techniques and their applications in multi-disciplinary areas. The first part of this special issue was already collected in the FCDS Vol. 46, issue 1. In this second part of our special issue editorial, a description of the special issue presents numerical methods which can be used as alternative techniques for Scientific Computing and led Operational Research applications in many fields for further investigation.
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Smirnov, S. V. "An interactive application implementing the confident judgments method on a mass software platform." Ontology of designing 14, no. 4 (2024): 582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2223-9537-2024-14-4-582-594.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines the functionality and architecture of an interactive application designed to support multi-criteria decision-making using S.A. Piyavsky's confident judgment method. It provides a description of key components of this method essential for presenting the topic in a computer-oriented format for data and knowledge representation. The application stores and provides access to a bank of universal importance coefficients for specific criteria and serves as the core of an information methodology for decision-making based on the confident judgment method. This methodology includes the following stages: compiling a list of alternative solutions with evaluations by a set of specific quantitative criteria; establishing a selection policy that orders criteria by importance for the decision-maker; normalizing the multi-criteria problem statement in line with a foundational optimization model; evaluating each alternative solution within this model; and selecting the optimal alternatives. The application automatically coordinates the creation and editing of the list of alternative solutions according to variation boundaries set by the selection policy, integrating all solution stages with user feedback. The application’s functionality is represented by a diagram linking the main activities and their outcomes, along with a UML diagram of application use cases. The architecture of the application is presented as a mind map. The application is implemented on the Excel platform using VBA programming language, chosen to ensure accessibility and support the development of advanced multi-criteria decision-making methods for a broad user base who use Excel in their professional work.
Дисертації з теми "Multi-alternative description"
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Димко, Єгор Павлович. "Моделі та методи оптимального керування індукційним дуплекс-процесом за умов невизначеності". Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.03 – системи та процеси керування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018. Дисертація присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-практичної задачі – розробці методів оптимального управління в умовах невизначеності. Показана можливість побудови адекватної математичної моделі індукційного дуплекс-процесу плавки як об'єкта управління в умовах неможливості реалізації плану активного експерименту в виробничих умовах. На основі цього запропоновано для опису кінцевого стану в задачі пошуку оптимального за кінцевим станом управління використовувати результати параметричного опису за визначенням локально-оптимальних значень вхідних змінних на основі реалізації процедури рідж-аналізу. Показано, як з використанням комбінованої процедури штучної ортогоналізації за даними пасивного експерименту при довільній формі плану експерименту і центрального ортогонального планування отримати таке параметричне опис. Розв'язана задача синтезу оптимального управління індукційної плавкою в печах ІСТ1 / 0.8-М5 в умовах альтернативних стратегій і доведено, що при виборі стратегії плавлення на "болоті" фазова траєкторія буде постійно змінюватися внаслідок корекції початкового стану, що обумовлено зміною швидкості розплавлення при обраному способі управління. Показано, як оптимальне за швидкодією управління може бути отримано з використанням принципу максимуму Понтрягіна в умовах обліку невизначеності в описі початкового стану об'єкта управління. Синтезований оптимальний регулятор температурного режиму в індукційної міксері на основі мультіальтернатівного опису кінцевого стану, характерною особливістю якого є використання оптимальних рішень рідж-аналізу і параметричної класифікації температурного режиму. Показано, що такий підхід може бути застосований для блоку логічних умов при логічному синтезі комбінованої системи управління індукційним дуплекс-процесом.<br>Thesis for the degree of candidate of technical sciences in specialty 05.13.03 – systems and control processes. – National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2018. The thesis is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific and practical problem – the development of optimal control methods in conditions of uncertainty. The possibility of building an adequate mathematical model of an induction duplex melting process as a control object under the conditions of impossibility of implementing an active experiment plan under production conditions is shown. Based on this, it is proposed to use the results of the parametric description by definition of the local-optimal values of the input variables based on the implementation of the ridge analysis procedure to describe the final state in the problem of finding the optimal by the final state control. It is shown how using a combined procedure of artificial orthogonalization according to a passive experiment with an arbitrary form of the experiment plan and central orthogonal planning to obtain such a parametric description. The problem of synthesizing optimal control of induction melting in IST1 / 0.8-M5 furnaces in terms of alternative strategies was solved and it was proved that when choosing a melting strategy in the “bog” phase trajectory will constantly change due to the correction of the initial state, which is caused by the change in melting rate with the selected control method. It is shown how the optimal in terms of speed control can be obtained using the Pontryagin maximum principle in terms of taking into account the uncertainty in the description of the initial state of the control object. An optimal temperature regulator was synthesized in an induction mixer based on a multi-alternative description of the final state, a characteristic feature of which is the use of optimal solutions of ridge analysis and parametric classification of the temperature regime. It is shown how such an approach can be applied to a block of logical conditions in the logical synthesis of a combined control system of an induction duplex process.
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Димко, Єгор Павлович. "Моделі та методи оптимального керування індукційним дуплекс-процесом за умов невизначеності". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/38290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Дисертація на здобуття наукового ступеня кандидата технічних наук за спеціальністю 05.13.03 – системи та процеси керування. – Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", Харків, 2018.
Дисертація присвячена вирішенню актуальної науково-практичної задачі – розробці методів оптимального управління в умовах невизначеності. Показана можливість побудови адекватної математичної моделі індукційного дуплекс-процесу плавки як об'єкта управління в умовах неможливості реалізації плану активного експерименту в виробничих умовах. На основі цього запропоновано для опису кінцевого стану в задачі пошуку оптимального за кінцевим станом управління використовувати результати параметричного опису за визначенням локально-оптимальних значень вхідних змінних на основі реалізації процедури рідж-аналізу. Показано, як з використанням комбінованої процедури штучної ортогоналізації за даними пасивного експерименту при довільній формі плану експерименту і центрального ортогонального планування отримати таке параметричне опис. Розв'язана задача синтезу оптимального управління індукційної плавкою в печах ІСТ1 / 0.8-М5 в умовах альтернативних стратегій і доведено, що при виборі стратегії плавлення на "болоті" фазова траєкторія буде постійно змінюватися внаслідок корекції початкового стану, що обумовлено зміною швидкості розплавлення при обраному способі управління. Показано, як оптимальне за швидкодією управління може бути отримано з використанням принципу максимуму Понтрягіна в умовах обліку невизначеності в описі початкового стану об'єкта управління. Синтезований оптимальний регулятор температурного режиму в індукційної міксері на основі мультіальтернатівного опису кінцевого стану, характерною особливістю якого є використання оптимальних рішень рідж-аналізу і параметричної класифікації температурного режиму. Показано, що такий підхід може бути застосований для блоку логічних умов при логічному синтезі комбінованої системи управління індукційним дуплекс-процесом.<br>Thesis for the degree of candidate of technical sciences in specialty 05.13.03 – systems and control processes. – National Technical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute", Kharkov, 2018. The thesis is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific and practical problem – the development of optimal control methods in conditions of uncertainty. The possibility of building an adequate mathematical model of an induction duplex melting process as a control object under the conditions of impossibility of implementing an active experiment plan under production conditions is shown. Based on this, it is proposed to use the results of the parametric description by definition of the local-optimal values of the input variables based on the implementation of the ridge analysis procedure to describe the final state in the problem of finding the optimal by the final state control. It is shown how using a combined procedure of artificial orthogonalization according to a passive experiment with an arbitrary form of the experiment plan and central orthogonal planning to obtain such a parametric description. The problem of synthesizing optimal control of induction melting in IST1 / 0.8-M5 furnaces in terms of alternative strategies was solved and it was proved that when choosing a melting strategy in the "bog" phase trajectory will constantly change due to the correction of the initial state, which is caused by the change in melting rate with the selected control method. It is shown how the optimal in terms of speed control can be obtained using the Pontryagin maximum principle in terms of taking into account the uncertainty in the description of the initial state of the control object. An optimal temperature regulator was synthesized in an induction mixer based on a multi-alternative description of the final state, a characteristic feature of which is the use of optimal solutions of ridge analysis and parametric classification of the temperature regime. It is shown how such an approach can be applied to a block of logical conditions in the logical synthesis of a combined control system of an induction duplex process.
Книги з теми "Multi-alternative description"
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Tischer, Daniel, and John Hoffmire. Moving Towards 100% Employee Ownership Through ESOPs. Edited by Jonathan Michie, Joseph R. Blasi, and Carlo Borzaga. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199684977.013.20.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The literature on Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) has developed significantly over the past decades. Yet, despite ESOPs being well conceptualized, the deals struck in the real world are often more complex endeavours than suggested. While there are examples of ESOP deals as a one-stage process, it is often the case that ownership is transferred in multiple steps financed through subordinated debt. In addressing this added complexity, we will introduce concepts of ESOPs before providing a detailed description of what an add-on transaction entails. In doing so, we are particularly interested in describing key steps with focus on the impact on business and employee-owners. The paper will provide readers with additional insights into the widely used practice of multi-tranche ESOPs. Understanding the agents involved in the process, as well as the impact and potential pitfalls of add-on transactions are crucial factors in developing ESOPs as an alternative to external buy-outs.
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Sakhuja, Vinay, and Harbir Singh Kohli. Malaria. Edited by Vivekanand Jha. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0183_update_001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Of the four pathogenic malarial species, clinically significant renal dysfunction is mainly associated with Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium falciparum infections.P. falciparum infection frequently causes acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI may be the sole manifestation with a complete recovery after treatment or it may be a part of multi-organ failure which is often fatal. AKI due to Plasmodium vivax infection alone or as a result of mixed infection by vivax and falciparum can also occur.‘Quartan malarial nephropathy’ has been attributed to P. malariae infection although this relationship must be regarded as not proven. It describes nephropathy occurring predominantly in children and young adults in Africa. A full-blown nephrotic syndrome is seen in about half the patients and a chronic progressive membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis is usually seen on histology. Spontaneous remission of established nephropathy is rare, and most patients slowly progress to end-stage renal failure over 3 to 5 years even after successful eradication of the infection. The pathological description is such that it could have alternative aetiologies, including other infections.
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Harris, Laura. Experiments in Exile. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823279784.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Comparing the radical aesthetic and social experiments undertaken by two exile intellectuals, James and Oiticica, Harris chart a desire in their work to formulate alternative theories of citizenship, wherein common reception of popular cultural forms is linked to a potentially expanded, non-exclusive polity. By carefully analyzing the materiality of the multiply-lined, multiply voiced writing of the “undocuments” that record these social experiments and relay their prophetic descriptions of and instructions for the new social worlds they wished to forge and inhabit, however, Harris argue that their projects ultimately challenge rather than seek to rehabilitate normative conceptions of citizens and polities as well as authors and artworks. James and Oiticica’s experiments recall the insurgent sociality of “the motley crew” historians Peter Linebaugh and Marcus Rediker describe in The Many-Headed Hydra, their study of the trans-Atlantic, cross-gendered, multi-racial working class of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Reading James’s and Oiticica’s projects against the grain of Linebaugh and Rediker’s inability to find evidence of that sociality’s persistence or futurity, Harris show how James and Oiticica gravitate toward and seek to relay the ongoing renewal of dissident, dissonant social forms, which are for them always also aesthetic forms, in the barrack-yards of Port-of-Spain and the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, the assembly lines of Detroit and the streets of the New York. The formal openness and performative multiplicity that manifests itself at the place where writing and organizing converge invokes that sociality and provokes its ongoing re-invention. Their writing extends a radical, collective Afro-diasporic intellectuality, an aesthetic sociality of blackness, where blackness is understood not as the eclipse, but the ongoing transformative conservation of the motley crew’s multi-raciality. Blackness is further instantiated in the interracial and queer sexual relations, and in a new sexual metaphorics of production and reproduction, whose disruption and reconfiguration of gender structures the collaborations from which James’s and Oiticica’s undocuments emerge, orienting them towards new forms of social, aesthetic and intellectual life.
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McRedmond, Penelope. Mediation Law. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781526508461.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In September 2017 the Government passed the Mediation Act 2017. This Act sets out a statutory framework integrating mediation into the Irish civil justice system. The 2017 Act aims to promote mediation as a viable, effective and efficient alternative to court proceedings, thereby reducing legal costs, speeding up the resolution of disputes and reducing the stress and acrimony that often accompanies court proceedings. This new title focuses on the 2017 Act and takes the reader through it section by section, analysing the meaning and impact of each. In addition this is the first book in Ireland to draw together the law from many different disciplines and apply them to mediation. The relevance of the law of contract to mediation and the law relevant to family law mediations are particularly highlighted. The book also examines the law relevant to mediation in the context of the fundamental principles of mediation. The voluntary nature of mediation, the self determination of the parties, the neutrality and impartiality of the mediator and particularly the importance of confidentiality in the mediation process are therefore all explained in relation to the legal issues that arise as a consequence of their relevance to the mediation process. The book enables the reader to understand the relationship between the Mediation Act and the civil justice system with a detailed look at the relevant Rules of Court their interaction with the Act and application by the Courts. In European Union law the impact of the Directive on certain aspects of mediation in civil and commercial matters 2008 is referenced throughout the book. The book also examines a number of statutory procedures that fall outside the Mediation Act, giving a convenient, easily accessible description of the mediation processes under the following: Workplace Relations Act 2015The Residential Tenancies Act 2004The Disability Act 2005The Multi-Unit Developments Act 2011The Civil Liability and Courts Act 2004The Financial and Pensions Ombudsman Act 2017 Penelope McRedmond is a UK and US Lawyer and certified mediator. She taught constitutional law for a number of years in the UK and has recently been working as an independent researcher and writer while also lecturing on mediation at the Irish School of Ecumenics at Trinity College Dublin.
Частини книг з теми "Multi-alternative description"
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Álvarez, Lucía Gómez, Sebastian Rudolph, and Hannes Strass. "How to Agree to Disagree." In The Semantic Web – ISWC 2022. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-19433-7_8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe importance of taking individual, potentially conflicting perspectives into account when dealing with knowledge has been widely recognised. Many existing ontology management approaches fully merge knowledge perspectives, which may require weakening in order to maintain consistency; others represent the distinct views in an entirely detached way.As an alternative, we propose Standpoint Logic, a simple, yet versatile multi-modal logic “add-on” for existing KR languages intended for the integrated representation of domain knowledge relative to diverse, possibly conflicting standpoints, which can be hierarchically organised, combined, and put in relation with each other. Starting from the generic framework of First-Order Standpoint Logic (FOSL), we subsequently focus our attention on the fragment of sentential formulas, for which we provide a polytime translation into the standpoint-free version. This result yields decidability and favourable complexities for a variety of highly expressive decidable fragments of first-order logic. Using some elaborate encoding tricks, we then establish a similar translation for the very expressive description logic $$\mathcal {SROIQ}b_s$$ SROIQ b s underlying the OWL 2 DL ontology language. By virtue of this result, existing highly optimised OWL reasoners can be used to provide practical reasoning support for ontology languages extended by standpoint modelling.
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Blanco, Marcos, Jorge Torres, Miguel Santos-Herrán, et al. "Recent Advances in Direct-Drive Power Take-Off (DDPTO) Systems for Wave Energy Converters Based on Switched Reluctance Machines (SRM)." In Ocean Wave Energy Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78716-5_17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis chapter is focused on Power Take-Off (PTO) systems for wave energy converters (WEC), being one of the most important elements since PTOs are responsible to transform the mechanical power captured from the waves into electricity. It presents Direct-Drive PTO (DDPTO) as one of the most reliable solutions to be adapted to some particular types of WEC, such as point absorbers. A discussion about modularity and adaptability, together with intrinsic characteristics of direct-drive PTOs, is also included. Among the different technologies of electric machines that can be used in direct-drive linear PTOs, switched reluctance machines (SRM) are described in further detail. In particular, the Azimuthal Multi-translator SRM is presented as a suitable solution in order to increase power density and reduce costs. Not only the electric machine, but also the associated power electronics are described in detail. The description includes the different configurations and topologies of power converters and the most appropriate control strategies. Finally, a superconducting linear generator solution is described, presenting it as a reliable alternative for the application of direct-drive PTOs. An example of concept and preliminary design is included in order to highlight the main challenges to be faced during this process.
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Acar Erman. "Computing Subjective Expected Utility using Probabilistic Description Logics." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2014. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-421-3-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce a framework which is based on probabilistic Description logics (Prob-DL), to represent and solve multi-criteria discrete alternative problems by calculating expected utility. To our knowledge, this is the first ever approach for calculating expected utility using a Description logics based formalism.
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Kaźmierczak Piotr, Pedersen Truls, and ågotnes Thomas. "NORMC: a Norm Compliance Temporal Logic Model Checker." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2012. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-096-3-168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We describe NORMC, a model checker for Norm Compliance CTL, a temporal logic for reasoning about compliance in normative systems, implemented in the Haskell programming language. NORMC is intended as a tool for students, researchers, and practitioners to learn about and understand normative systems, and as an exploratory tool for researchers in multi-agent systems. The objectives of the paper are twofold. First, to give a system description of NORMC. Second, to argue and demonstrate that the Haskell programming language is a natural and useful alternative for model checking multi-agent systems; in particular that the full power of Haskell makes it easy to describe arbitrary multi-agent state-transition models in a natural way.
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Girardi, Rosario, and Adriana Leite. "A Semantic Approach for Multi-Agent System Design." In Advances in Systems Analysis, Software Engineering, and High Performance Computing. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6485-2.ch010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automating software engineering tasks is crucial to achieve better productivity of software development and quality of software products. Knowledge engineering approaches this challenge by supporting the representation and reuse of knowledge of how and when to perform a development task. Therefore, knowledge tools for software engineering can turn more effective the software development process by automating and controlling consistency of modeling tasks and code generation. This chapter introduces the description of the domain and application design phases of MADAE-Pro, an ontology-driven process for agent-oriented development, along with how reuse is performed between these sub-processes. Two case studies have been conducted to evaluate MADAE-Pro from which some examples of the domain and application design phases have been extracted and presented in this chapter. The first case study assesses the Multi-Agent Domain Design sub-process of MADAE-Pro through the design of a multi-agent system family of recommender systems supporting alternative (collaborative, content-based, and hybrid) filtering techniques. The second one evaluates the Multi-Agent Application Design sub-process of MADAE-Pro through the design of InfoTrib, a Tax Law recommender system that provides recommendations based on new tax law information items using a content-based filtering technique.
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Girardi, Rosario, and Adriana Leite. "A Semantic Approach for Multi-Agent System Design." In Intelligent Systems. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5643-5.ch075.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automating software engineering tasks is crucial to achieve better productivity of software development and quality of software products. Knowledge engineering approaches this challenge by supporting the representation and reuse of knowledge of how and when to perform a development task. Therefore, knowledge tools for software engineering can turn more effective the software development process by automating and controlling consistency of modeling tasks and code generation. This chapter introduces the description of the domain and application design phases of MADAE-Pro, an ontology-driven process for agent-oriented development, along with how reuse is performed between these sub-processes. Two case studies have been conducted to evaluate MADAE-Pro from which some examples of the domain and application design phases have been extracted and presented in this chapter. The first case study assesses the Multi-Agent Domain Design sub-process of MADAE-Pro through the design of a multi-agent system family of recommender systems supporting alternative (collaborative, content-based, and hybrid) filtering techniques. The second one evaluates the Multi-Agent Application Design sub-process of MADAE-Pro through the design of InfoTrib, a Tax Law recommender system that provides recommendations based on new tax law information items using a content-based filtering technique.
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Wolter, Uwe. "Scenarios in Event Bushes." In Advances in Web Technologies and Engineering. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5261-1.ch003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents a further step of the formalization of the event bush method by means of graphs and graph homomorphisms. First, the authors revise an analysis of the structure of event bushes by means of bipartite structure graphs that are equipped with a multi-flow structure. They consider event bushes as a compact description of a set of alternative scenarios of directed changes of environments. They give a first formalization of the concept of scenario. A snapshot describes the state of an environment, which evolves in accordance with a given scenario at a certain moment in time. A sequence of snapshots describes how an environment may evolve over time. Cartoons are maximal sequences of snapshots. The authors discuss, define, and exemplify the concepts scenario, snapshot, and cartoon.
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Kupreeva, Inna. "Alexander Of Aphrodisias On Mixture And Growth." In Oxford Studies In Ancient Philosophy. Oxford University PressOxford, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199277124.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ancient discussions of mixture and growth have to do with a broad range of philosophical issues, such as the nature of life, the boundary between living and not living, and the physical mechanisms operating in animate structures. Approaches to the solutions of these problems developed in antiquity seem to be earning more and more appreciation in the context of today’s metaphysical discussions. Following the revival of interest in Aristotle’s psychology welcomed by modern philosophers of mind as an alternative to both the excesses of Cartesian dualism and the deficiencies of numerous reductionist theories, there has been a new rise of interest in Aristotle’s theory of natural substance, in its full rigging, including such dusty items as the concept of mixture, which has been recently rediscovered by philosophers as a promising model for an ontological description of the type of unity present in a multi-layered, hierarchical composite structure.
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Claudino, Sérgio. "Geographic Education and Citizen Participation." In Advances in Educational Technologies and Instructional Design. IGI Global, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-7185-5.ch005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the transition between the 18th and 19th centuries, the teaching of Geography emphasized the description of large global spaces, aligned with a rationalist perspective suitable for shaping expansionist elites. In the 19th century, this discipline fostered identification with the nation-state through the concept of territory, promoting a conformist form of citizenship. The following century, marked by two world wars and the Cold War, continued these educational traditions. The current century introduces the social appeal of participatory and multi-scalar territorial construction. The Nós Propomos!/ We Propose! Project embraces the challenge of fostering committed and proactive participation in territorial citizenship. Its methodological simplicity (problem identification by pupils, fieldwork, presentation, and sharing of proposals) ensures its applicability even in educational peripheries. The international expansion of the project demonstrates that it provides an alternative educational response, influencing educational practices beyond the boundaries of Nós Propomos! itself.
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Ohge, Christopher. "Beyond representation." In Digital editing and publishing in the twenty-first century. Scottish Universities Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.62637/sup.ghst9020.14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Creative-critical digital editing aims to be a pragmatic complement to the dominant ‘depth’ models of traditional scholarly editing that attempt to offer the ‘correct’ description, representation, or data model of a work within the space of a book or document. A pan-relational, creative-critical editorial approach to publishing instead focuses on a different kind of depth that connects texts to new contexts and literary experiences with new technological tools. Pan-relational editing creates new connections by creating new descriptions and visualisations of texts which are tethered to whatever purposes are needed for a given situation or audience ‘to make them serve our purposes better’, as the philosopher Richard Rorty put it. A creative-critical framework offers the best way to ‘cope’ with the varieties of potential experiences in the textual situation. This mode of thinking resists privileged print-based editorial theories as much as it resists technological determinism because it moves beyond the dominant mode of representing documents or texts as the primary output and instead puts the focus on curating textual data. Textual editing and digital publishing could combine with ‘creative criticism’ to be ongoing and incomplete, partaking of a process of close reading and distant analysis, learning and unlearning, and redescriptions of textual criticism that are embedded in the creative process and other aesthetic experiences. What digital publishing can ideally do, then, is to give space to competing and alternative discourses of the same text and to facilitate connections to other aesthetic contexts. The most promising ways to accomplish this goal would be, in the short term, to give users better designs and tools for engaging in the creative processes inherent in editorial projects. In the long term, an atomic database approach would allow creative play with any textual element, achieving that ideal of a digital edition as a ‘multi-dimensional space of possibilities’.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Multi-alternative description"
1
Peratta, Andres, and Robert Adey. "Modeling Galvanic Corrosion in Multi-Material Aircraft Structures." In CORROSION 2013. NACE International, 2013. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2013-02456.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In the product development process, to assess the risk of corrosion designs are often exposed to an outdoor environment for a long time, or corrosion acceleration tests are conducted to simulate the actual condition the vehicle or structure will be exposed to during its life. These methods however require several months to years of test time to complete. As an alternative approach computational modeling has the potential to significantly shorten and reduce the cost of testing. The paper gives an overview of the development and experimental validation of a computational model for simulating galvanic corrosion in an aircraft environment. The numerical approach is based on a three dimensional Boundary/Finite Element Method model. Amongst the inputs of the problem are: geometrical description and physical properties of the electrolyte, as well as macroscopic polarization curves of the active electrodes. The main outcomes of the model are corrosion rates, electric current density and potential distribution. An experimental set-up has been established for validation of the computational results consisting of a co-planar bi-material combination composed of aluminum UNS A92024 and carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The validation approach is explained and the results are shown. Very good agreement has been obtained between observed and simulated data. This basic model has been applied to different multi-material combinations relevant for aircraft structures. In particular, different cases of application of protective coatings and other corrosion protection measures are also considered. Finally how the modeling approach will be further developed to be used for simulating galvanic corrosion in more complex structural components of an aircraft will be discussed.
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Pruliere, Etienne. "Efficient Reduced Simulation of Shell Structures With a Full Description of the Thickness: Application to Composites." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerical simulations of composite structures are generally performed using multi-layered shell elements in the context of the finite elements method. This strategy has numerous advantages like a low computation time and the capability to reproduce the comportment of composites in most of cases. The main restriction of this approach is that it has only a coarse description of strain and stresses variations in the thickness. This approximation is no more valid when increasing the thickness, near the boundary and loading conditions and when non linear phenomena like delamination occurs in the thickness. This paper explores an alternative to shell computation using the Proper Generalized Methods based on a separated representation. The idea is to solve the full 3D solid problem separating the in-plane and the out-of-plane spaces. Practically, a classical shell mesh is used to describe the in-plane geometry and a simple 1D mesh is used to deal with the out-of-plane space. This allows to represents complex fields in the thickness without the complexity and the computation cost of a solid mesh which is particularly interesting when dealing with multi-layer composite.
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Marjanovic, Dorian. "About the Need for the Design Policy." In ASME 2003 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2003/dtm-48687.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Generating knowledge about design is the goal of discipline-oriented, scientific research of the design science community. Theoretical research into engineering design has grown into field of a significant complexity. Orientation in the “jungle” of discipline-oriented research causes problems not only to new researchers but also to specialized experts due to high segmentation and multi disciplinary aspects of the matter. There have been numerous attempts to systematize the field in order to enable further research directions. An alternative approach would be to reconsider the complexity from a broader aspect. The paper gives a brief description of the current situation in the design community, and advocates for a new approach by introducing a need for comprehensive design policy. The policy of design research community has not yet been outlined. This article proposes a systems description of design policy and the process of generation and implementation.
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Görres, Josef H., Reza Amiri, and Dave McDonald. "The Specific Pore Volume of Multi-planar Webs: The Role of the Short and Long Fibre Fractions." In The Science of Papermaking, edited by C. F. Baker. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2001.2.1371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pore volume of paper sheets as measured by mercury intrusion porosimetry can provide an alternative structural description to solid phase-based measures such as density and may be used to examine sheet structure. We measured sheet densities and specific pore volume, i.e. the pore volume per unit sheet mass, for sheets made from whole pulp and the long fibre fraction of five different pulps. The coefficient of variation was 50% and 28% for specific pore volume and density of different pulps, respectively. Pore volume was more sensitive to structural differences than density. A theoretical measure of specific pore volume of the long fibre fraction (R48) was derived from the Interactive Multi-Planar Model (IMPM) of sheet structure. For the whole pulp we assumed that the shorter material (P48) filled voids and thus diminished the specific pore volume of the long fibre fraction (R48). Model predictions of specific pore volume agreed well with mercury porosimeter determinations for most of the samples. The effect of P48 fraction on sheet porosity was greater for newsprint than for hardwood kraft pulp
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Souli, M., Y. Sofiane, and Lars Olovsson. "ALE and Fluid/Structure Interaction in LS-DYNA." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fluid-structure interactions play an important role in many different types of real-world situations and industrial applications involving large structural deformation and material or geometric nonlinearities. Numerical problems due to element distortions limit the applicability of a Lagrangian description of motion when modeling large deformation processes. An alternative technique is the multi-material Eulerian formulation for which the material flows through a mesh, fixed in space and each element is allowed to contain a mixture of different materials. The method completely avoids element distortions and it can, through an Eulerian-Lagrangian coupling algorithm, be combined with a Lagrangian description of motion for parts of the model. The Eulerian formulation is not free from numerical problems. There are dissipation and dispersion problems associated with the flux of mass between elements. In addition, many elements might be needed for the Eulerian mesh to enclose the whole space where the material will be located during the simulated event. This is where the multi-material arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) formulation has its advantages. By translating, rotating and deforming the multi-material mesh in a controlled way, the mass flux between elements can be minimized and the mesh size can be kept smaller than in an Eulerian model. A new Fluid Structure coupling algorithms based on the penalty method is presented in this paper. The coupling algorithm and improved multi-material ALE-capabilities have made LS-DYNA an efficient tool for analyzing large deformation processes, such as bird strike events, forging operations and penetration problems and airbag simulations. This paper contains five example problems that illustrate the current features of the code.
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Gurpinar, Emre, Burak Ozpineci, and Shajjad Chowdhury. "Design, Analysis and Comparison of Insulated Metal Substrates for High Power Wide-Bandgap Power Modules." In ASME 2019 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2019-6436.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In this technical paper, design, analysis and comparison of insulated metal substrates for high power wide-bandgap semiconductor-based power modules is discussed. The paper starts with technical description and discussion of state-of-the-art direct bonded copper substrates with different ceramic insulators such as AlN, Al2O3 and Si3N4. This is followed by introduction of insulated metal substrates, material properties and options on each layer, and design approach for high power applications. The properties of dielectric thickness, and impact on power handling capability of the substrate are discussed. Insulated metal substrate design approach for SiC MOSFET based power modules is presented. Finite element analysis-based characterization and comparison of different designs including steady-state and transient thermal response is presented. The results show that IMS is a promising alternative to DBC in high power modules with improved transient thermal performance. IMS provides flexible building structure with multi-layer stacking options and variable thicknesses at different layers.
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Kwak, Kyoung Hyun, Claus Borgnakke, and Dohoy Jung. "Fuel Sensitive Ignition Delay Models for a Local and Global Description of Direct Injection Internal Combustion Engines." In ASME 2014 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2014-5604.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Models for ignition delay in a direct injection compression ignition engine are investigated and fuel specific properties are included to predict the effects of different fuels on the ignition delay. These models follow the Arrhenius type expression for the ignition delay modified with the oxygen concentration and Cetane number to extend the range of validity. In this investigation two fuel-sensitive spray ignition delay models are developed: a global model and a local model. The global model is based on the global combustion chamber charge properties including temperature, pressure and oxygen/fuel content. The local model is developed to account for temporal and spatial variations in properties of separated spray zones such as local temperature, oxidizer and fuel concentrations obtained by a quasi-dimensional multi-zone fuel spray model. These variations are integrated in time to predict the ignition delay. An ignition delay model is typically re-calibrated for a specific fuel being used. In this study, the global ignition delay model includes the Cetane number to capture ignition delay of various fuels. The local model uses Cetane number and local stoichiometric oxygen to fuel molar ratio. Due to those variables, the model is capable of predicting spray ignition delays for a set of fuels with a single calibration step. Experimental dataset of spray ignition delay in a constant volume chamber is used for model development and calibration. The models show a good accuracy for the predicted ignition delay of four different fuels: JP8, DF2, n-heptane and n-dodecane. The investigation revealed that the most accurate form of the models is from a calibration done for each individual fuel with only a slight decrease in accuracy when a single calibration is done for all fuels. The single calibration case is the more desirable outcome as it leads to general models that cover all the fuels. Of the two proposed models the local model has a slightly better accuracy compared to the global model. Results for both models demonstrate the improvements that can be obtained for the ignition delay model when additional fuel specific properties are included in the spray ignition model. Other alternative fuels like synthetic oxygenated fuels were included in the investigation. These fuels behave differently such that the Cetane number does not provide the same explanation for the trend in ignition delay. Though of lower accuracy, the new models do improve the predictive capability when compared with existing types of ignition delay models applied to this kind of fuels.
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Khait, Mark, and Denis Voskov. "A GPU-Based Integrated Simulation Framework for Modelling of Complex Subsurface Applications." In SPE Reservoir Simulation Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204000-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Alternative to CPU computing architectures, such as GPU, continue to evolve increasing the gap in peak memory bandwidth achievable on a conventional workstation or laptop. Such architectures are attractive for reservoir simulation, which performance is generally bounded by system memory bandwidth. However, to harvest the benefit of a new architecture, the source code has to be inevitably rewritten, sometimes almost completely. One of the biggest challenges here is to refactor the Jacobian assembly which typically involves large volumes of code and complex data processing. We demonstrate an effective and general way to simplify the linearization stage extracting complex physics-related computations from the main simulation loop and leaving only an algebraic multi-linear interpolation kernel instead. In this work, we provide the detailed description of simulation performance benefits from execution of the entire nonlinear loop on the GPU platform. We evaluate the computational performance of Delft Advanced Research Terra Simulator (DARTS) for various subsurface applications of practical interest on both CPU and GPU platforms, comparing particular workflow phases including Jacobian assembly and linear system solution with both stages of the Constraint Pressure Residual preconditioner.
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Mazumder, Sudip K., and Rajni K. Burra. "Fuel Cell Power Conditioner for Stationary Power System: Towards Optimal Design From Reliability, Efficiency, and Cost Standpoint." In ASME 2005 3rd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2005-74178.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We describe an energy-efficient, fuel cell (FC) powerconditioning system (PCS) for stationary application, which draws practically zero switching-ripple current from the FC and can potentially meet the $40/kW cost target. The PCS consists of a zero-ripple boost converter (ZRBC) followed by a soft-switched and multi-level high-frequency (HF) inverter and a single-phase cycloconverter. The zero-ripple input inductor significantly reduces the input current ripple which may be necessary to enhance the long-term durability of the fuel cell. A new phase-shifted sine-wave modulation of the multi-level high frequency inverter is proposed which results in the zero voltage turn-on (ZVS) of all four switches (without the use of any auxiliary circuit components). For such a sine-wave modulation technique a > 90 % ZVS range is obtained from 25% of the full load to full load. Further, the line-frequency switching of the cycloconverter (at close to unity power factor) results in extremely low switching losses. The intermediate high voltage DC (HVDC) bus facilitates the inclusion of power systems based on other forms of alternative-energy techniques. A cost effective 1 kW prototype of the proposed PCS is built, which achieved a high overall efficiency. We present a detailed description of the operation of the PCS along with its key features and advantages. Finally, experimental results showing the performance and operation of the PCS are demonstrated.
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Magin, Richard L., and Dumitru Baleanu. "NMR Measurements of Anomalous Diffusion Reflect Fractional Order Dynamics." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Diffusion weighted MRI is often used to detect and stage neurodegenerative, malignant and ischemic diseases. The correlation between developing pathology and localized diffusion measurements relies on the design of selective phase encoding pulses that alter the intensity of the acquired signal according to biophysical models of spin diffusion in tissue. The most common approach utilizes a bipolar or Stejskal-Tanner gradient pulse sequence to encode the apparent diffusion coefficient as an exponential, multi-exponential or stretched exponential function of experimentally-controlled parameters. Several studies have investigated the ability of the stretched exponential to provide an improved fit to diffusion-weighted imaging data. These results were recently analyzed by establishing a direct link between water diffusion, as measured using NMR, and fractal structural models of tissues. In this paper we suggest an alternative description for stretched exponential behavior that reflects fractional order dynamics of a generalized Bloch-Torrey equation in either space or time. Such generalizations are the basis for similar anomalous diffusion phenomena observed in optical spectroscopy, polymer dynamics and electrochemistry. Here we demonstrate a correspondence between the detected NMR signal and anomalous diffusional dynamics of water through the Riesz fractional order space derivative and the Caputo form of the fractional order Riemann-Liouville time derivative.
Звіти організацій з теми "Multi-alternative description"
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Vail, Kylin, Bret Lizundia, David Welch, and Evan Reis. Earthquake Damage Workshop (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/plbd5536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 6 (WG6): Interaction with Claims Adjustors & Catastrophe Modelers and focuses on a damage workshop effort undertaken to provide repair estimates of representative damaged single-family wood-frame case study buildings to compare the differences in costs between houses with and without retrofits to cripple walls and sill anchorage. At the request of the CEA, 11 experienced claims adjustors from insurance companies volunteered to provide the estimates. Electronic cost estimation files for each case study building were developed by the PEER–CEA Project Team using the Verisk Xactware Xactimate X1 platform and provided to the claims adjustors to complete their estimates. These adjustor estimates served as the baseline for comparison against the FEMA P-58 [FEMA 2012] methodology used on the project for loss estimation. The term “damage workshop effort” is used to emphasize that the scope of work included not just a successful workshop meeting, but the broader development of a damage description package describing case studies and associated Xactimate descriptions before the workshop meeting and revisions after it, two rounds of estimates and survey question responses by adjustors, interpretation and clarification of the estimates for consistency, and synthesizing of estimate findings and survey responses into conclusions and recommendations. Three building types were investigated, each with an unretrofitted and a retrofitted condition. These were then assessed at four levels of damage, resulting in a total of 24 potential scenarios. Because of similarities, only 17 scenarios needed unique Xactimate estimates. Each scenario was typically estimated by three to five adjustors, resulting in a final total of 74 different estimates.
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Cobeen, Kelly, Vahid Mahdavifar, Tara Hutchinson, et al. Large-Component Seismic Testing for Existing and Retrofitted Single-Family Wood-Frame Dwellings (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/hxyx5257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. Quantifying the difference of seismic performance of un-retrofitted and retrofitted single-family wood-frame houses has become increasingly important in California due to the high seismicity of the state. Inadequate lateral bracing of cripple walls and inadequate sill bolting are the primary reasons for damage to residential homes, even in the event of moderate earthquakes. Physical testing tasks were conducted by Working Group 4 (WG4), with testing carried out at the University of California San Diego (UCSD) and University of California Berkeley (UCB). The primary objectives of the testing were as follows: (1) development of descriptions of load-deflection behavior of components and connections for use by Working Group 5 in development of numerical modeling; and (2) collection of descriptions of damage at varying levels of peak transient drift for use by Working Group 6 in development of fragility functions. Both UCSD and UCB testing included companion specimens tested with and without retrofit. This report documents the portions of the WG4 testing conducted at UCB: two large-component cripple wall tests (Tests AL-1 and AL-2), one test of cripple wall load-path connections (Test B-1), and two tests of dwelling superstructure construction (Tests C-1 and C-2). Included in this report are details of specimen design and construction, instrumentation, loading protocols, test data, testing observations, discussion, and conclusions.
3
Warrick, Arthur W., Gideon Oron, Mary M. Poulton, Rony Wallach, and Alex Furman. Multi-Dimensional Infiltration and Distribution of Water of Different Qualities and Solutes Related Through Artificial Neural Networks. United States Department of Agriculture, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7695865.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The project exploits the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to describe infiltration, water, and solute distribution in the soil during irrigation. It provides a method of simulating water and solute movement in the subsurface which, in principle, is different and has some advantages over the more common approach of numerical modeling of flow and transport equations. The five objectives were (i) Numerically develop a database for the prediction of water and solute distribution for irrigation; (ii) Develop predictive models using ANN; (iii) Develop an experimental (laboratory) database of water distribution with time; within a transparent flow cell by high resolution CCD video camera; (iv) Conduct field studies to provide basic data for developing and testing the ANN; and (v) Investigate the inclusion of water quality [salinity and organic matter (OM)] in an ANN model used for predicting infiltration and subsurface water distribution. A major accomplishment was the successful use of Moment Analysis (MA) to characterize “plumes of water” applied by various types of irrigation (including drip and gravity sources). The general idea is to describe the subsurface water patterns statistically in terms of only a few (often 3) parameters which can then be predicted by the ANN. It was shown that ellipses (in two dimensions) or ellipsoids (in three dimensions) can be depicted about the center of the plume. Any fraction of water added can be related to a ‘‘probability’’ curve relating the size of the ellipse (or ellipsoid) that contains that amount of water. The initial test of an ANN to predict the moments (and hence the water plume) was with numerically generated data for infiltration from surface and subsurface drip line and point sources in three contrasting soils. The underlying dataset consisted of 1,684,500 vectors (5 soils×5 discharge rates×3 initial conditions×1,123 nodes×20 print times) where each vector had eleven elements consisting of initial water content, hydraulic properties of the soil, flow rate, time and space coordinates. The output is an estimate of subsurface water distribution for essentially any soil property, initial condition or flow rate from a drip source. Following the formal development of the ANN, we have prepared a “user-friendly” version in a spreadsheet environment (in “Excel”). The input data are selected from appropriate values and the output is instantaneous resulting in a picture of the resulting water plume. The MA has also proven valuable, on its own merit, in the description of the flow in soil under laboratory conditions for both wettable and repellant soils. This includes non-Darcian flow examples and redistribution and well as infiltration. Field experiments were conducted in different agricultural fields and various water qualities in Israel. The obtained results will be the basis for the further ANN models development. Regions of high repellence were identified primarily under the canopy of various orchard crops, including citrus and persimmons. Also, increasing OM in the applied water lead to greater repellency. Major scientific implications are that the ANN offers an alternative to conventional flow and transport modeling and that MA is a powerful technique for describing the subsurface water distributions for normal (wettable) and repellant soil. Implications of the field measurements point to the special role of OM in affecting wettability, both from the irrigation water and from soil accumulation below canopies. Implications for agriculture are that a modified approach for drip system design should be adopted for open area crops and orchards, and taking into account the OM components both in the soil and in the applied waters.
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Schiller, Brandon, Tara Hutchinson, and Kelly Cobeen. Comparison of the Response of Small- and Large-Component Cripple Wall Specimens Tested under Simulated Seismic Loading (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/iyca1674.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 4: Testing, whose central focus was to experimentally investigate the seismic performance of retrofitted and existing cripple walls. Two testing programs were conducted; the University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) focused on large-component tests; and the University of California San Diego (UC San Diego) focused on small-component tests. The primary objectives of the tests were to develop descriptions of the load-deflection behavior of components and connections for use by Working Group 5 in developing numerical models and collect descriptions of damage at varying levels of drift for use by Working Group 6 in developing fragility functions. This report considers two large-component cripple wall tests performed at UC Berkeley and several small-component tests performed at UC San Diego that resembled the testing details of the large-component tests. Experiments involved imposition of combined vertical loading and quasi-static reversed cyclic lateral load on cripple wall assemblies. The details of the tests are representative of era-specific construction, specifically the most vulnerable pre-1945 construction. All cripple walls tested were 2 ft high and finished with stucco over horizontal lumber sheathing. Specimens were tested in both the retrofitted and unretrofitted condition. The large-component tests were constructed as three-dimensional components (with a 20-ft 4-ft floor plan) and included the cripple wall and a single-story superstructure above. The small-component tests were constructed as 12-ft-long two-dimensional components and included only the cripple wall. The pairing of small- and large-component tests was considered to make a direct comparison to determine the following: (1) how closely small-component specimen response could emulate the response of the large-component specimens; and (2) what boundary conditions in the small-component specimens led to the best match the response of the large-component specimens. The answers to these questions are intended to help identify best practices for the future design of cripple walls in residential housing, with particular interest in: (1) supporting the realistic design of small-component specimens that may capture the response large-component specimen response; and (2) to qualitatively determine where the small-component tests fall in the range of lower- to upper-bound estimation of strength and deformation capacity for the purposes of numerical modelling. Through these comparisons, the experiments will ultimately advance numerical modeling tools, which will in turn help generate seismic loss models capable of quantifying the reduction of loss achieved by applying state-of-practice retrofit methods as identified in FEMA P-1100Vulnerability-Base Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of One- and Two-Family Dwellings. To this end, details of the test specimens, measured as well as physical observations, and comparisons between the two test programs are summarized in this report.