Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Multidimensional ruptures"

Abstract There is growing recognition that the older adult life course can involve critical transitions that function as significant sources of adversity, and ruptures in life trajectories. While knowledge about how these ruptures generate multidimensional disadvantage remains underdeveloped, less is known about how they are spatially constituted and how their processes and outcomes may be mediated by older peoples’ relationship with place. Utilizing a ‘sense of home’ as a conceptual orientation, this paper explores the role of place in social exclusion arising from life-course ruptures. Focusing on bereavement, dementia on-set and forced migration, it draws data from 45 life-course interviews. Place (e.g. home environment and the wider community) was involved in three ways: as a component of the rupture; as a life domain where people experience exclusion; and as a mediator of exclusionary processes. Circularity is observed, with perceived environmental uncertainty intensifying effects of rupture-related exclusion, further contributing to that uncertainty.

Resumen. Esta investigación se enmarca en el estudio del proceso de configuración de destinos turísticos rurales, en el cual se investiga la transición de territorio a destino. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar el proceso de distanciamiento en el medio rural, identificado gracias a las potencialidades derivadas del uso de la triple codificación que caracteriza la Grounded Theory. El distanciamiento es definido como una desterritorialización multidimensional y caracterizado por cuatro rupturas: socioproductiva, sociocultural, socioambiental y política. Este proceso se identifica como el momento en el cual un territorio oscila entre el declive y la reconstrucción para el impulso del desarrollo territorial basado en las especificidades del territorio. Es una investigación cualitativa inductiva, realizada a partir de la perspectiva glaseriana de la Grounded Theory como metodología de investigación y análisis. Aborda la desterritorialización desde una perspectiva filosófica y económica para explicar el proceso de distanciamiento. Una fase de conceptualización del territorio previa a la construcción de destinos turísticos en el medio rural. Palabras clave: Grounded Theory, distanciamiento, desterritorialización. Abstract. This research is part of the study of the process of configuration of rural tourist destinations, in which the transition from territory to destination is researched. The aim of this paper is to analyze the process of distancing in the rural environment, identified thanks to the potentialities derived from the use of the triple coding that characterizes the Grounded Theory. Distancing is defined as a multidimensional deterritorialization, characterized by four ruptures: socio-productive, socio-cultural, socio-environmental and political. This process is identified as the moment in which a territory oscillates between decline and reconstruction in order to promote territorial development based on the specificities of the territory. It is a qualitative inductive research, carried out from the glaserian perspective of the Grounded Theory as a research and analysis methodology. It approaches deterritorialization from a philosophical and economic perspective to explain the process of distancing. A phase of conceptualization of the territory prior to the construction of tourist destinations in the rural areas. Key words: Grounded Theory, distancing, deterritorialization.

The aspects of poverty are multidimensional and reasoning by income level is only one facet of an eminently complex problem. The Malagasy economic and social disarticulation is intimately linked to this poverty and does not make it possible to propose an unequivocal and peremptory solution or outcome to the problem. The institutional approach, a consideration over time and therefore historical, far from claiming to be a panacea can be a great help, by resorting to the concept of circular causality of Thorstein Veblen and the complex thought of Edgar Morin. It is ultimately a question of apprehending the possibilities of breaking the vicious circle of Malagasy economic failures and overcoming the poverty trap which has become an insurmountable obstacle at the present time.

Two-dimensional materials (2DM) has been already applied for bio- and chemical sensing[1],[2]. Even individual 2D materials often outperform bulk analogues, showing strong response and being compatible with flexible technologies, thus opening horizons for wearable and Point-of-Care applications[3]. Most recently, emergent need to achieve better, more precise and sensitive drug detection in medicine and health care has been addressed by developing new types of biosensors[4]. Extending properties of individual 2DMs by constructing their van der Waals heterostructures, either lateral or vertical, offers new response and/or transduction mechanisms and further improvement of device performance. Such heterostructures have potential for label-free biosensing and could be designed and/or integrated together to generate several signals in response to a single analyte. Such a capability enables a multimodal detection, which exceeds single-mode biosensing through its higher throughput, as well as by better ability to differentiate the analyte from background signals in a complex media, and potentially allows multiplexing (responding by several channels to a group of substances in parallel). Despite significant efforts were invested into discovery of newer and better 2D materials with biosensing capabilities, there is only limited knowledge of factors that could limit its performance. Indeed, atomically thin 2D materials have an ultimate surface-to-volume ratio which helps sensing, but may result in surface non-uniformities at the nanometer scale such as: atomic impurities, adsorbates, single atom and lattice defects, wrinkles and ruptures – to name just a few. Such defects may modulate their sensing properties. Here, a new multidimensional optical imaging technique will be presented which is capable to detect lattice mismatch and work function difference in the heterostructure material. Those result in strain and charge transfer and vary optical response at the nanometer scale, hard to detect and study by normal characterization tools. We present a vertical heterostructure comprised of monolayer graphene and single layer flakes of MoS2. An optical label-free detection of doxorubicin, a common cancer drug, is reported via three independent optical detection channels (photoluminescence shift, Raman shift and Graphene Enhanced Raman Scattering). Non-uniform broadening of components of multimodal signal correlates with the statistical distribution of local optical properties of the 2DM heterostructure. It will be shown how mapping of distribution for doping and strain (taken with sub-diffractional resolution) allows one to understand the role of those for modulation of electronic properties of 2D material. Acknowledgement: partial support is acknowledged from NSF CHE-2032582, CHE-2032601, DMR-1539916 and DMR-2011839 grants. [1] Oh, S.-H.; et.al, Nature Communications 2021, 12, 3824. [2] Bolotsky, A.; et.al, ACS Nano 2019, 13, 9781. [3] Pang, Y.; et.al, Small 2020, 16, 1901124. [4] Moradi, R; Small (2021). doi: 10.1002/smll.202104847

This article analyzes the existential dilemmas of the new citizen class in the 1980s through the life dilemmas of Yin, Jiahou, the protagonist of Chi, Li's novel A Troubled Life. Facing the multiple pressures of husband and wife, father-son relationship and career development, Yin, Jiahou reflects the identity dilemma of the new citizens in urban life. Meanwhile, starting from the clues of his son, Yin, Lei, and his house, he explores the problems of rupture and transformation faced by the new citizens during the period of social transformation. Under the background of reform and opening up, the new citizens both harbor aspirations for a better life and face existential dilemmas, presenting a complex and multidimensional state of existence. This is not only a personal predicament, but also an inevitable product of the transformation of the times.

ABSTRACT A multidimension source model for generating broadband ground motions with deterministic 3D numerical simulations is proposed in this article. In this model, the source is composed of several superimposed layers, and the total seismic moment is assigned to these layers in different proportions. Each layer exactly fills up the seismic fault and is uniformly divided into subsources with size decreased progressively to reflect different levels of rupture details. Hence, the proposed multidimension source model may consider the realistic rupture process of an earthquake, that is, the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of source parameters, and generate broadband ground motions. To verify this source model, the 1994 Northridge earthquake is simulated with four multidimension source models, based on different source inversion results. The amplitudes, durations, and spectral characteristics of the observed ground motions of the 1994 Northridge earthquake are respectably reproduced in a range of frequencies up to 5 Hz. In addition, a scenario earthquake is also simulated with four multidimension source models, with different synthetic rupture process. The simulated ground motions of the scenario earthquake are generally in good agreement with the Next Generation Attenuation-West 2 ground-motion prediction equations. This demonstrates that it is promising to simulate realistic broadband ground motions of strong earthquakes with a proper source description and realistic Earth models.

O objetivo do presente artigo é evidenciar possíveis contribuições de uma Didática Multidimensional para a prática pedagógica, a partir das percepções de pós-graduandos em Educação. Considerando seus princípios fundamentais, dos quais se destacam: ensinar com pesquisa, relações dialógicas, mediação pedagógica, rede de saberes e processos de práxis. Neste sentido, surge o seguinte questionamento: Quais as percepções de pós-graduandos quanto à complexidade de uma Didática Multidimensional e suas contribuições para a atividade docente? Nesta pesquisa exploratória, participaram nove pós-graduandos em Educação – mestrandos e doutorandos, docentes do ensino superior de diversas áreas. Sendo que, as produções escritas sobre o que a didática ensina à própria área em articulação com os referenciais teóricos – Franco e Pimenta (2016); Pimenta, Franco e Fusari (2015); Libâneo (2014); Charlot (2000); Freire (1997); Veiga (1996); Candau (1983) – compuseram o corpus da pesquisa. O estudo teve como pressupostos o entendimento de que o ensino, objeto da Didática, se configura como uma prática social e um fenômeno complexo. O que demanda diferentes interlocuções entre os saberes a serem, constantemente, reconstruídos pelos professores e exige ruptura com os modelos prescritivos e transmissivos de aula, para uma formação centrada na pesquisa. Assim sendo, professores e estudantes, ao se compreenderem pesquisadores, problematizam a realidade na busca de alternativas de reflexão-transformação.AbstractThe objective of this article is to evidence possible contributions of a multidimensional didactics for the pedagogical practice. Considering its fundamental principles, which include: teaching with research; dialogical relations; pedagogical mediation, network of knowledge and processes of praxis. Thus, some questions arise, such as: What are the post-graduate students' perceptions regarding the complexity of a Multidimensional Didactics and its contributions to the teaching activity? In this exploratory research, nine postgraduate students participated in Education - masters and doctoral students, teaching higher education in various areas. Thereby, their productions written about what didactics teaches the own area in conjunction with the theoretical - Franco and Pimenta (2016); Pimenta, Franco and Fusari (2015); Libâneo (2014); Charlot (2000); Freire (1997); Veiga (1996); Candau (1983) – comprised the corpus of research. The study had as assumptions the understanding that education, object of didactics, configures itself as a social practice and a complex phenomenon, which requires different interlocutions among knowledges, to be constantly rebuilt by teachers and requires a rupture with the prescriptive models and transmissive classroom, for a training focused on research. In this sense, teachers and students to understand researchers, problematize the reality in the search for alternatives for reflection-transformation.Keywords: Didactics; Teaching in Higher Education; Multidimensional Didactics; Teaching-learning.ResumenEl objetivo del presente artículo es evidenciar posibles contribuciones de una Didáctica Multidimensional para la práctica pedagógica. Considerando sus principios fundamentales, de los cuales se destacan: enseñar con investigación; relaciones dialógicas; la mediación pedagógica, red de saberes y procesos de praxis, cuestionamos: ¿Cuáles son las percepciones de postgraduados en cuanto a la complejidad de una Didáctica Multidimensional y sus contribuciones a la actividad docente? Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, en la que participaron nueve postgraduados en Educación - maestrandos y doctorandos, docentes de la enseñanza superior de diversas áreas. Sus producciones escritas sobre lo que la didáctica enseña a la propia área en articulación con los referentes teóricos - Franco y Pimenta (2016); Pimenta, Franco y Fusari (2015); Libâneo (2014); Charlot (2000); Freire (1997); Veiga (1996); Candau (1983) – compusieron el corpus de la investigación. El estudio tuvo como presupuestos el entendimiento de que la enseñanza, objeto de la Didáctica, se configura como una práctica social y un fenómeno complejo, lo que demanda diferentes interlocuciones entre los saberes, a ser constantemente reconstruidos por los profesores y exige ruptura con los modelos prescriptivos y para la formación centrada en la investigación. En ese sentido, profesores y estudiantes, al comprenderse investigadores, problematizan la realidad en la búsqueda de alternativas de reflexión-transformación.Palabras clave: Didáctica. Docencia en la enseñanza superior. Didáctica Multidimensional. Enseñanza-aprendizaje.

Esta pesquisa situa-se no campo da etnoecologia e aborda o conhecimento ecológico tradicional (CET) sobre plantas cultivadas na comunidade de Estirão Comprido, rio Cuiabá, Barão de Melgaço, Pantanal matogrossense. Foram entrevistados 22 pescadores para a elaboração da lista livre de plantas. Para a análise da lista, foram utilizados: índice de saliência de Smith, análise de consenso cultural, similaridade e dissimilaridade com escalonamento multidimensional e técnica de empilhamento. O programa ANTHROPAC 4.0 foi utilizado para o tratamento estatístico dos dados. Por meio do índice de saliência de Smith, foram identificadas seis rupturas no domínio cultural sobre plantas cultivadas, concentrando-se em 116 etnoespécies. Laranja e milho foram citados com maior frequência e em primeiro lugar na lista, portanto, encontram-se na primeira ruptura da lista livre com índices de Smith 0,728 e 0,711, respectivamente. A análise de consenso cultural mostrou que o CET sobre plantas cultivadas caracteriza um consenso, concentrando-se em 18 etnoespécies. A análise de empilhamento evidenciou que o conhecimento sobre plantas está relacionado aos diferentes tipos de uso. Neste contexto, as possibilidades de uso e manejo aqui evidenciadas podem contribuir para a elaboração de políticas públicas destinadas à conservação da biodiversidade ecológica e cultural.

Este artigo é fruto dos estudos realizados pelo Grupo de pesquisa Didaktiké - Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Didática e Questões Contemporâneas (FE/UFG), no período de agosto de 2020 a agosto de 2021. Tivemos como foco de análise os trabalhos apresentados no Encontro Nacional de Didática e Práticas de Ensino (ENDIPE) 2018 sobre a Didática Crítica Multidimensional Emancipatória a fim de compreender os princípios epistemológicos e metodológicos desta didática, bem como a apropriação de seus conceitos nos estudos apresentados no âmbito do ENDIPE. Apoiamo-nos, então, nas formulações de Pimenta; Franco e Fusari (2015), Franco e Pimenta (2016) e Melo e Pimenta (2018). Ainda, como fundamento, contribuíram para a análise Ardoíno (1998) Charlot (2013) Freire (1987; 1996) e Morin (2001; 2004). Entendemos que a Didática Crítica Multidimensional Emancipatórias pode ser observada nos trabalhos de formas específicas, contudo todas elas afirmam reconhecem a importância dessa perspectiva como uma possibilidade de ruptura com o que está posto na realidade educacional brasileira como também teórico metodológica alinhada com o compromisso político voltado para a formação humana, para a práxis e para a emancipação. Palavras-chave: Didática. Didática Crítica Multidimensional Emancipatória. Didáticas Emergentes ABSTRACT This article is the result of studies carried out by the Didaktiké Research Group - Study and Research Group on Didactics and Contemporary Issues (FE/UFG), from August 2020 to August 2021. We focused our analysis on the works presented at the Meeting National Didactics and Teaching Practices (ENDIPE) 2018 on Emancipatory Multidimensional Critical Didactics in order to understand the epistemological and methodological principles of this didactics, as well as the appropriation of its concepts in the studies presented within the scope of ENDIPE. We rely, then, on Pimenta's formulations; Franco and Fusari (2015), Franco and Pimenta (2016) and Melo and Pimenta (2018). Still, as a foundation, Ardoíno (1998) Charlot (2013) Freire (1987; 1996) and Morin (2001; 2004) contributed to the analysis. We understand that the Emancipatory Multidimensional Critical Didactics can be observed in the works in specific ways, however all of them claim to recognize the importance of this perspective as a possibility of breaking with what is set in the Brazilian educational reality as well as methodological theory aligned with the political commitment aimed at human formation, for praxis and for emancipation. Keywords: Didactics. Emancipatory Multidimensional Critical Didactics. Emerging Didactics

Résumé : Il est bien connu que les lois marginales d'un vecteur aléatoire ne suffisent pas à caractériser sa distribution. Lorsque les lois marginales du vecteur aléatoire sont continues, le théorème de Sklar garantit l'existence et l'unicité d'une fonction appelée copule, caractérisant la dépendance entre les composantes du vecteur. La loi du vecteur aléatoire est parfaitement définie par la donnée des lois marginales et de la copule. Dans ce travail de thèse, nous proposons deux tests non paramétriques de détection de ruptures dans la distribution d’observations multivariées, particulièrement sensibles à des changements dans la copule des observations. Ils améliorent tous deux des propositions récentes et donnent lieu à des tests plus puissants que leurs prédécesseurs pour des classes d’alternatives pertinentes. Des simulations de Monte Carlo illustrent les performances de ces tests sur des échantillons de taille modérée. Le premier test est fondé sur une statistique à la Cramér-von Mises construite à partir du processus de copule empirique séquentiel. Une procédure de rééchantillonnage à base de multiplicateurs est proposée pour la statistique de test ; sa validité asymptotique sous l’hypothèse nulle est démontrée sous des conditions de mélange fort sur les données. Le second test se focalise sur la détection d’un changement dans le rho de Spearman multivarié des observations. Bien que moins général, il présente de meilleurs résultats en terme de puissance que le premier test pour les alternatives caractérisées par un changement dans le rho de Spearman. Deux stratégies de calcul de la valeur p sont comparées théoriquement et empiriquement : l’une utilise un rééchantillonnage de la statistique, l’autre est fondée sur une estimation de la loi limite de la statistique de test. // Abstract : It is very well-known that the marginal distributions of a random vector do not characterize the distribution of the random vector. When the marginal distributions are continuous, the work of Sklar ensures the existence and uniqueness of a function called copula which can be regarded as capturing the dependence between the components of the random vector. The cumulative distribution function of the vector can then be rewritten using only the copula and the marginal cumulative distribution functions. In this work, we propose two non-parametric tests for change-point detection, particularly sensitive to changes in the copula of multivariate time series. They improve on recent propositions and are more powerful for relevant alternatives involving a change in the copula. The finite-sample behavior of these tests is investigated through Monte Carlo experiments. The first test is based on a Cramér-von Mises statistic and on the sequential empirical copula process. A multiplier resampling scheme is suggested and its asymptotic validity under the null hypothesis is demonstrated under strong mixing conditions. The second test focuses on the detection of a change in Spearman’s rho. Monte Carlo simulations reveal that this test is more powerful than the first test for alternatives characterized by a change in Spearman’s rho. Two approaches to compute approximate p-values for the test are studied empirically and theoretically. The first one is based on resampling, the second one consists of estimating the asymptotic null distribution of the test statistic.

Cette thèse explore la socialisation au sein du parti Al-Islah, fondé en 1990 et héritier du mouvement islamique yéménite, perçu comme la branche yéménite des Frères musulmans, et dont les mécanismes internes de socialisation qui façonnent les identités et comportements de ses membres restent peu étudiés. Vu le contexte conflictuel yéménite, l’exil est une variable essentielle à examiner, particulièrement depuis le conflit de 2014 qui a conduit de nombreux membres d’Al-Islah à se réfugier en Turquie, un pays choisi pour sa proximité idéologique avec le régime turc. La Turquie constitue ainsi un terrain d’étude où se structure une diaspora yéménite.Une attention particulière est portée à la jeunesse islahie, notamment aux acteurs intellectuels et médiatiques émergents. L’étude suppose l’existence de deux types de socialisation marquant un effet de génération. Elle interroge les dynamiques de recrutement, les modalités d’endoctrinement, les ressources mobilisées pour éduquer et conditionner les membres, ainsi que les cadres de référence, les valeurs et comportements inculqués par le parti. La thèse explore également les démarches de contre-socialisation adoptées par certains membres. L’analyse met en lumière les tensions internes, les facteurs de plafond de verre et la désillusion des jeunes dans un contexte politique instable.La méthodologie repose sur une approche qualitative combinant une trentaine d’entretiens, dont 18 récits de vie (incluant six femmes), ainsi qu’une observation ethnographique menée dans un quartier de l’ouest d’Istanbul où se concentre une communauté yéménite.Les résultats révèlent une pluralité de références idéologiques au sein d’Al-Islah, reflétant la diversité de ses composantes depuis sa fondation. Cette diversité aboutit à une dualité structurelle où l’influence des Frères musulmans demeure prégnante. Bien que des similitudes existent avec la socialisation pratiquée par les Frères musulmans en Égypte, des différences notables apparaissent en raison des contextes politiques distincts. L’étude met en évidence la complexité et la sophistication du processus de socialisation islahie, composé de multiples étapes et s’adaptant aux évolutions géopolitiques tout en conservant une dimension religieuse stable. Cette socialisation vise à produire un « homo islamicus », formé à travers un cadre éducatif religieux structuré par un parti politique. Enfin, cette socialisation se caractérise par son aspect immersif, intrusif et possessif, rendant difficile toute rupture définitive. Cependant, elle s’inscrit dans une logique interactive où le membre négocie sa place, notamment lorsqu’il est confronté à d’autres paradigmes. L’expérience individuelle, notamment migratoire, et la Révolution de 2011, a favorisé une remise en question et une transformation identitaire, mais sans effacer totalement l’héritage idéologique initial. Ainsi, un « frérisme latent » se manifeste chez certains membres
This thesis explores socialization within the Al-Islah party, founded in 1990 and heir to the Yemeni Islamic movement, perceived as the Yemeni branch of the Muslim Brotherhood, whose internal socialization mechanisms shaping the identities and behaviors of its members remain understudied. Given the conflictual Yemeni context, exile is an essential variable to examine, particularly since the 2014 conflict, which led many Al-Islah members to seek refuge in Turkey, a country chosen for its ideological proximity to the Turkish regime. Turkey thus constitutes a field of study where a Yemeni diaspora is structured.Particular attention is paid to the Islahi youth, especially emerging intellectual and media actors. The study assumes the existence of two types of socialization marking a generational effect. It questions the dynamics of recruitment, the modalities of indoctrination, the resources mobilized to educate and condition members, as well as the frames of reference, values, and behaviors instilled by the party. The thesis also explores the counter-socialization approaches adopted by some members. The analysis sheds light on internal tensions, glass ceiling factors, and the disillusionment of young people in an unstable political context.The methodology relies on a qualitative approach combining around thirty interviews, including 18 life stories (including six women), as well as ethnographic observation conducted in a western district of Istanbul where a Yemeni community is concentrated.The results reveal a plurality of ideological references within Al-Islah, reflecting the diversity of its components since its founding. This diversity leads to a structural duality where the influence of the Muslim Brotherhood remains prevalent. Although similarities exist with the socialization practiced by the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt, notable differences arise due to distinct political contexts. The study highlights the complexity and sophistication of the Islahi socialization process, composed of multiple stages and adapting to geopolitical evolutions while maintaining a stable religious dimension. This socialization aims to produce a "homo islamicus," formed through a religious educational framework structured by a political party.Finally, this socialization is characterized by its immersive, intrusive, and possessive nature, making any definitive break difficult. However, it fits into an interactive logic where the member negotiates their place, especially when confronted with other paradigms. Individual experience, particularly migratory, and the 2011 Revolution, has favored a re-examination and identity transformation, but without completely erasing the initial ideological heritage. Thus, a "latent Brotherhood-ism" manifests in some members

The main objective of this paper is to analyze the public policies of rupture in women's prisons in Argentina, seeking to understand their implications for social reintegration, the reduction of recidivism and respect for the human rights of incarcerated women. The study addresses the programs developed in the prison context for women, analyzing the conditional guidelines of international bodies, as well as the Argentine legislation that aims to promote the dignity and rehabilitation of these inmates. Starting from a theoretical and methodological review, questions were raised about relative gender inequalities, the conditions of incarceration and the challenges of resocialization. The theoretical framework covers studies on gender, criminal policies and human rights, providing a critical and multidimensional view. A qualitative approach was used, with documentary analysis and interviews with professionals from the penitentiary system. The final considerations reveal that, although there has been progress in foreign policies for the female prison population, inequalities persist and deactivate greater attention from the State and civil society. It is concluded that the effectiveness of policies depends on an integrated approach, focusing on the empowerment of women and combating the conditions of social exclusion that many face before and after incarceration.

The tube rupture accident is one among the most risk-dominant events at the nuclear power plants. Several steam generator tube rupture accidents have occurred at the plants in the past. In this paper the Computational Multi-Fluid Dynamics (CMFD) investigation of the horizontal steam generator thermal-hydraulics during the tube rupture accident is performed. A guillotine of a steam generator U-tube is assumed with choked flow from the primary to the secondary side of the steam generator. Predicted are water and steam velocity fields, steam volume fraction distribution on the steam generator secondary (shell) side, as well as the swell level increase. Obtained multidimensional results are a support to the safety analyses of the steam generator tube rupture accident. Also, they serve as benchmark tests for an assessment of the applicability of one-dimensional horizontal steam generator models, developed by standard safety codes. Numerical simulation is performed with the multidimensional multi-fluid modelling approach. The two-phase flow around steam generator tubes in the bundle is modelled by the porous media approach. Interfacial mass, momentum and energy transfer is modelled with the closure laws, where some of them are specially developed for the conditions of the two-phase flow across tube bundles. The governing equations are solved with the SIMPLE type pressure-correction method that is derived for the conditions of multi-phase flow conditions.