Дисертації з теми "Muscles striés – Physiologie"
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Cieniewski-Bernard, Caroline. "Etude de la O-N-acétylglucosaminylation dans le muscle squelettique et son implication dans la physiologie musculaire." Lille 1, 2005. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/6c6c2181-20d5-4300-a42e-9935d6c2e7b6.
Bidon, Caroline Annie. "Approche thérapeutique de la sarcopénie : Effet d'un extrait de Ginkgo biloba sur l'expression génique et la physiologie du muscle strié." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D023.
Sarcopenia constitutes one of the most frequent pathologies, but also most badly known. For this reason, gene expression changes, during ageing and after treatment with a Ginkgo biloba extract, were investigated in rat soleus, EDL and gastrocnemius muscles. Gene expression was compared in young animals, old controls and treated rats and our data highlighted a profound modification of gene expression in aged and treated rat skeletal muscles. We then showed that these transcriptional changes were associated with age-related strength and neurotransmitter release modifications and that EGb 761 coud improve these physiological responses
Lemoine, Sophie. "Détection du récepteur musculaire des oestrogènes : influence du sexe, de l'entraînement et de la typologie." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20047.
Estrogens exert, in women, significant muscle effects during exercise. Their actions via specific receptors suppose the presence of estrogen receptors in skeletal muscle. The presence of estrogen receptor alpha mRNA (ERα mRNA) was investigated in human skeletal muscle by Nested Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction technique (Nested RT-PCR). ERα mRNA was detected in male and female deltoid muscles as well as in female pectoral muscle. There is no gender difference in ERα mRNA levels in skeletal muscle. In order to observe endurance training effect on ERα expression in skeletal muscle, male and female rats were trained during 7 weeks. ERα mRNA levels were determinated by RT-PCR. These levels increased in the female trained group but not in the male trained group. This adaptation, observed on intermediate muscle, was determined in muscles with different typology. ERα mRNA levels were estimated in intermediate muscle (gastrocnemius), slow twitch muscle (soleus) and fast twitch muscle (Extensor Digitorum Longus (EDL). In the control group, ERα mRNA level was significantly higher in soleus muscle compared to gastrocnemius and eXtensor digitorum longus muscles. After training, ERα mRNA level was significantly higher in soleus and gastrocnemius muscles compared to extensor digitorum longus muscle. Indeed, ERα mRNA level significantly increased in gastrocnemius muscle, significantly decreased in EDL and was not significantly modified in soleus
Bozzo, Cyrille. "Variations de phosphorylation de la chaîne légère de myosine en relation avec la plasticité du muscle squelettique." Lille 1, 2004. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/ff009903-132c-4613-ac8c-ba43288d7d05.
Nous avons démontré que la phosphorylation de la MLC2 après des transformations phénotypiques du muscle à long terme est corrélée aux changements phénotypiques, avec une augmentation de phosphorylation lors de transformations lent -> rapide (hypodynamie-hypokinésie, dénervation du soleus, clenbuterol), et une diminution lors de transformations rapide -> lent (hypergravité du soleus, dénervation de l'EDL, électrosimulation chronique à basse fréquence de l'EDL). La corrélation entre la phosphorylation de la MLC2 et les changements phénotypiques induits par altération de la commande nerveuse ne semble pas exclusivement dépendante de la voie calcineurine-NFAT. Enfin, la régulation de la phosphorylation s'établit par une modulation de l'expression du rapport MLCK/MP. Nous avons donc proposé l'hypothèse que l'augmentation de phosphorylation observée lors de l'expression du phénotype musculaire rapide, permettrait l'établissement d'un niveau de phosphorylation basal dans le muscle rapide, lui permettant de répondre aux contraintes liées à la fatigue après effort de façon transitoire mais performante, comme révélé lors des analyses de la phosphorylation à court terme
Hédou, Julie. "Analyses fonctionnelle et protéomique du rôle de la O-N-acétylglucosaminylation dans la physiologie du muscle squelettique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LIL10102/document.
The O-linked N-acetylglucosaminylation termed O-GlcNAc is a dynamic cytosolic and nuclear glycosylation on serine and threonine residus. This dynamic and reversible glycosylation is involved in many physiological as weIl as pathological processes such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer or cardiac ischemia. Only few studies have been performed about the role of O-GlcNAc in skeletal muscle. However, the skeletal muscle is an interesting model to study the O-GlcNAc since i) its metabolism depends on glucose, ii) many muscular processes such as contraction are dependent on phosphorylation, and iii) there is a plasticity of the muscle metabolism depending on the physiological conditions. O-GlcNAc is dependent also on the level of glucose and can interfere with phosphorylation through a phosphorylation/glycosylation balance. We clearly demonstrated that a number of key contractile proteins i.e myosin heavy and light chains and actin are O-GlcNAc modified. The role of this post-translational modification in the contractile properties was investigated by establishing T/pCa curves on skinned fibers. This study demonstrated that O-GlcNAc moieties involved in protein-protein interactions or not could modulate calcium activation properties and therefore that O-GlcNAc motifs could be involved in the modulation of contractile force. Using a mass spectrometry-based method, we determined the localization of one O-GlcNAc site in the suddomain 4 of actin (séquence 198-207) and four O-GleNAc sites in the light meromyosin region of myosin heavy chains (séquences 1094-1106; 1295-1303; 1701-1712; 1913-1922). These sites might be involved in protein-protein interactions or in the polymerization of MHC or could modulate the contractile properties of skeletal muscle. Finally, we studied the implication of O-GlcNAc in a human model of muscle atrophy (Bed-Rest). We demonstrated the existence of a phosphorylation/O-GleNAc balance for MLC2 that could modulate the activity and properties of this protein which bas a key role in the modulation of force. Moreover, our data suggested that O-GlcNAc level might be involved in the control of protein homeostasis and muscular atrophy in human as in rat. AlI these data demonstrate that O-GlcNAc is an important post-translational modification in the muscle physiology
Chakir, Abderrazzak. "Etude des effets de l'exposition intermittente à l'hypoxie hypobare sur la performance du rat à l'endurance." Lyon 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO10164.
Deval, Emmanuel. "Activité et expression de l'échangeur Na+/Ca2+ dans les cellules musculaires squelettiques de mammifère en culture primaire." Poitiers, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001POIT2259.
Siracusa, Julien. "Étude des microARNs circulants comme biomarqueurs de lésions musculaires." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS330.
Skeletal muscle damage is an often-occuring event. Diagnosis is based on blood biomarkers assessment. Yet, the markers currently available suffer limitations and new biomarker candidates are needed. Recently, small non-coding RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), were identified. Detectable in plasma, some miRNAs are tissue-specific and have been proposed as biomarkers of tissue damage. However, their relevance as biomarkers of skeletal muscle damage in healthy individuals is unknown. The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the circulating miRNAs response to muscle damage in rats.First, we studied circulating miRNAs response to myotoxic muscle damage in healthy rats in order to identify biomarker candidates and their detection kinetics. RT-qPCR profiling led to the identification of muscle-specific miRNAs that subtantially increased in plasma in response to muscle damage, namely miR-1-3p, -133a-3p, -133b-3p, -206-3p, -208b-3p, and -499-5p with a peak value at 12 h. Two non-muscle-specific miRNAs, miR-378a-3p and miR-434-3p, had similar profiles. The evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy has shown that selected miRNAs were able to discriminate damaged from non-damaged rats with almost no error and a combinatory approach was able to further increase this accuracy. Similar results were found in female and aged rats. Moreover, we sought to evaluate the robustness of selected miRNAs. Despite diferente expression of selected miRNAs in slow and fast fibers, the phenotype of injured muscle had a very limited influence on the plasma miRNA response. Then, we induced muscle damage in an increasing muscle mass and we observed that damage responsive miRNA response was not proportional to the extent of muscle damage. Selected miRNAs did not increased in response to traumatic muscle damage. However, we observed that miR-133a-3p et -133b-3p could be useful markers to detect an early muscle remodeling following neurologic damage. Finally, hemolysis and platelet contamination, two pre-analytical factors known to affect circulating miRNA profiles, had no effect on the miRNAs we selected.Taken together, our results show that circulating muscle-specific miRNAs as well as miR-378a-3p and miR-434-3p, are robust and promising biomarkers of acute muscle damage in rats
Thorel, Quentin. "Rôle de l'horloge circadienne dans le maintien de l'homéostasie du muscle squelettique : Implications physiologiques et pathologiques." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/ToutIDP/EDBSL/2021/2021LILUS052.pdf.
Skeletal muscle homeostasis is ensured by its remarkable ability to control many of its physiological parameters such as its metabolic function or its mass according to the needs of the organism. Muscle mass regulation is essential for global health since its deregulation not only impacts overall energy metabolism but also other parameters such as locomotion. This tissue has an important capacity to regenerate following injuries caused by intensive exercises or myopathies. Skeletal muscle regeneration requires a well-orchestrated spatio-temporal interaction between satellite cells (SCs) and immune cells, which provides the optimal microenvironment for SC proliferation and differentiation.Circadian rhythms, generated by our biological clock, control various physiological functions such as metabolism and immunity. This ancestral system is present in all organisms allowing them to anticipate and optimize physiological functions to predictable daily changes. The clock integrates signals related to energy state and, in turn, regulates many metabolic pathways gating them to the most relevant time of the day. Concerning immunity, the major role of the clock is to coordinate leucocyte circulation and function allowing the body to anticipate phases of the day with higher risk of infections. In this context, we are interested in the role of the circadian clock in the control of skeletal muscle mass but also in its regenerative capacity. The role of Rev-erbα, a key component of the biological clock, has already been demonstrated in this tissue by our laboratory. Indeed, this nuclear receptor regulates muscle oxidative capacity by controlling mitochondrial biogenesis and autophagy. My thesis results highlight that Rev-erbα is also essential in the regulation of muscle mass. Specifically, global deletion of Rev-erbα leads to muscle mass decrease associated with increased expression of genes related to muscle atrophy. Interestingly, pharmacological activation of this receptor prevents muscle atrophy induced by glucocorticoid treatment.During my thesis, I also highlighted the role of the circadian clock in the control of muscle regeneration process. We have shown that environmental and genetic clock disruption lead to defective skeletal muscle regeneration associated with an alteration of immune cells recruitment, mainly myeloid cells. Furthermore, regenerative process defects observed in our myeloid cells-specific genetic clock disruption models bring out the importance of a functional clock in these cells to control skeletal muscle repair. Transcriptomic analyses allowed us to associate this regeneration defect to disturbed expression of chemokines essential in the communication between immune cells and satellite cells, which could elicit myogenesis alteration.In the context of muscle regeneration, we also investigated the role of a newly identified immune population: innate lymphoid cells (ILCs). This innate immune cells are located essentially in mucosal tissues such as lung or intestine where they ensure a sentinel function. We have shown that ILCs, and mainly ILC2, are present in skeletal muscle after injury. Interestingly, we have demonstrated that ILC2 depletion results in impaired regenerative process
Lemieux, Kathleen. "Mécanismes d'action de la contraction musculaire sur le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique de rat." Thesis, Université Laval, 2003. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2003/20639/20639.pdf.
Marmonier, Florence. "Contrôle hormonal de la thermogenèse sans frisson musculaire et balance énergétique : rôle du réseau vasculaire." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO10108.
St-Amand, Emmanuelle. "La régulation du transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique : l'implication des protéines AMPK et iNOS." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25783.
Gauché, Elodie. "Etude des altérations neuromusculaires au cours d'exercices à dominante excentrique : influence du type d'exercice, de la durée et du niveau d'expertise." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05S022.
The purpose of the present work is to analyse the effect workload on the neuromuscular fatigue and to determine the influence of the nutritional antioxidant contribution on the muscular recovery and the evolution of the markers of oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, muscular damage, and ignition during the first two days which follow an eccentric exercise. The first study evaluates the neuromuscular fatigue following high versus low intensity eccentric exercise corresponding to the same amount of work. These results indicate that muscle fatigue appears independent of the intensity of eccentric contractions when total work performed is the same. The two following studies examined the effects of vitamins and minerals complex supplementation on the neuromuscular recovery, oxidative stress, and tissue damage induced by the eccentric exercise. The results of the two last studies indicate that an antioxidants nutritional contribution did not reducethe alterations of the maximal force generating capacity of the knee extensor muscles after exercise. The contractile properties alterations seem to result respectively from a reduction central mechanisms and a dysfunction of the excitation-contraction coupling process. Nevertheless, the dietary supplementation elicits a modest and faster improvement in maximal isometric voluntary contraction recovery at 48 hours after a prolonged trail running race. Moreover, it seems to minimize the chronic ignition related to ageing. The whole of this experimentation work suggests that the mechanical and oxidative stress eccentric contractions induced a muscular fatigue and tissue damage at the origin of the contractile capacities failure which can be limited by an increase in the nutritional antioxidant contribution
He, Ying 1972 Apr 20. "Impacts of metabolic stress-induced malnutrition and oxidative stress on biochemical changes in the slow- and fast-twitch skeletal muscles of rats." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33774.
Beaudin, Gilles. "L'anhydrase carbonique III du muscle squelettique humain." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ31676.pdf.
Le, Moal Emmeran. "Macrophages au cours de la régénération musculaire : rôle du stress oxydant et des molécules sécrétées : de la physiologie intégrative à la biologie fondamentale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN20051.
Skeletal muscle has the remarkable ability to regenerate following injury. Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process that requires different cell types to restore the tissue. Among these cells are found muscle stem cells, vascular cells and immune cells. Among immune cells, macrophages are play a key role by releasing trophic factors. Depending on their activation states, pro or antiinflammatory, they exert different effects on muscle stem cells and regeneration process. Interestingly, reactive oxygen species emerge as important regulators of muscle stem cells and macrophage biology.Consequently, this pluridisciplinary PhD thesis in sport sciences aims to identify and determine the involvement of macrophage derived-reactive oxygen species and secreted molecule and their functional effects on skeletal muscle regeneration both in mice and human. Furthermore, a one-season follow-up of pro/antioxidant balance in high level soccer players contributes to knowledge regarding the evolution of a factor involved in the etiology of exercise-induced muscle damages
Soileau, Jason. "Evaluation of a Sport Supplement on Performance, Buffering Capacity, Muscle Damage, Oxidative Stress, and Inflammation." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10244210.
This thesis investigated the total effects of a sport supplement on performance, buffering capacity, muscle damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Sixteen males, ages 24-33, participated. Each subject visited the lab three times over the course of thirty days, completing a graded cycling test on three of the occasions and one high intensity sprint test on two of the visits. The second and third visits including venous blood draws intended for analysis of various biological markers as well as ammonia content. Lactate levels were analyzed and recorded on these visits as well. In double-blind manner, sixteen subjects completed two ten-day supplementation periods prior to testing with a ten-day washout period in between these periods. Repeated measures ANOVA used to assess repeat measurements at the same time point revealed no significant differences from normality within the study indicating that all tests were reliable (p > 0.05). ANOVA revealed no main effect for treatment for serum ammonia levels (F=0.2840, p=0.5980). ANOVA revealed significantly lower levels (treatment vs placebo) by time (baseline, day ten) for 8-OHdG post exercise (main effect F=6.98, p=0.013). Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal any main effect for treatment nor interaction effect for treatment (treatment vs placebo) by time (baseline, day ten) for lactate dehydrogenase (main effect F=2.99, p=0.09; treatment * time F=0.023, p=0.880). On the other hand, creatine kinase levels demonstrated a significant interaction effect (main effect F=0.267, p=0.608; treatment * time: F=3.05, p=0.04). After paired-sample T-test, investigators noted that main effect (treatment vs placebo) by time (baseline, day ten) peak lactate change from levels with treatment were lower than versus placebo (main effect t=1.67, p=0.05). With treatment, blood lactate levels remained the recognized value of onset blood lactate accumulation at a level of 3.8 mmol versus placebo levels of 4.8 mmol. Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal any main effect for treatment nor interaction effect for treatment (treatment vs placebo) by time (baseline, day ten) for serum pH levels (main effect F=0.424, p=0.519; treatment * time F=0.0793, p=0.7802). Repeated measures ANOVA did not reveal any main effect for treatment nor interaction effect for treatment (treatment vs placebo) by time (baseline, post exercise) for maximum aerobic capacity (main effect F=0, p=0.9948) nor maximum wattage achieved during trials (main effect F=0.0159, p=0.9005). ANOVA did not reveal any main effect for treatment for post exercise measures (treatment vs placebo) for C-reactive proteins (main effect F=.698, p=.41), IL-2 (main effect F=1.57, p=.219), IL-6 (main effect F=.0969, p=.757), nor TNF-Alpha levels (main effect F=.002, p=.882).
Lowe, Jamie. "The Effects of Music Therapy on Stress Induced Muscle Pain." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/385.
Pant, Meghna. "SLN Upregulation and Metabolic Alterations: An Underlying Theme during Cold Stress, Infection and Muscle Dystrophy." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1429289771.
Palouzier-Paulignan, Brigitte. "Etude du métabolisme de l'acétylcholine dans les corps cellulaires des afférences vagales : implications dans la réinnervation d'un muscle strié squelettique." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30033.
Pasternyk, Stephanie Marika 1983. "Effect of extracellular matrix and mechanical strain on airway smooth muscle." Thesis, McGill University, 2009. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111560.
Dugdale, H. F. "The role of resveratrol and Sirtuin1 in skeletal muscle under a nutrient stress." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2017. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/6576/.
Creighton, J. A. "Prenatal maternal stress in Mus musculus : effects on the offspring and the role of the mother." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355591.
Kalezic, Nebojsa. "Autonomic reactivity in muscle pain : clinical and experimental assessment." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kirurgisk och perioperativ vetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-919.
Bender, Robert William. "The Effects of Passive Heat Stress on Muscle Fatigue and Intracortical Excitability of the Wrist Flexors." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1307493073.
Chow, Ka-man, and 鄒嘉敏. "The antioxidant effect of lycium fruit extract on hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in human liver and rat muscle cell lines." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B36186132.
Neethling, Ian Garth. "Can the Sutherlandia herb or resistance exercise reverse the stress inducing effects of a mild-intermittent stress procedure." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2465.
This study aimed to assess the effect of mild psychological stress in male Wistar rats using incremental, intermittent stress on parameters of atrophy, including body mass, soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle mass, and mechanisms possibly contributing to atrophy. Serum corticosterone concentrations, 20s proteasome activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) and tyrosine amino-transferase (TAT) activities were determined. I also assessed whether Sutherlandia (Su) or resistance exercise was able to reverse the effects of stress on any of these parameters.
Riedl, Isabelle. "Étude de la régulation du transcriptome du muscle squelettique par l'estradiol et par l'entraînement physique à l'intensité modérée." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27333/27333.pdf.
ZHOU, TINGYANG ZHOU. "Molecular Roles of ROS in Mouse Respiratory Skeletal Muscle." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531848449464785.
Clarke, Gregory B. "The effects of endurance exercise stress on the oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle of the streptozotocin diabetic rodent." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/475934.
Dubouchaud, Hervé. "Etude du transporteur du lactate au niveau du muscle strié squelettique à l'aide du modèle des vésicules de sarcolemme." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON1T013.
Ntsame, Ngomo Suzy Pavlova. "Plasticité cérébrale associée à une lésion musculosquelettique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29674/29674.pdf.
Oliver, Scott Ryan. "Thermal tolerance of skeletal muscle and small intestine: role of eicosanoid metabolism and oxidative stress." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253192991.
Al-Imari, Aman A. "Etude et réalisation d'une chaîne d'acquisition et de transmission radio de l'activité musculaire en technologie hybride." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10083.
Boerem, David L. "Peak isokinetic torque of knee flexors and extensor muscles of college football players." Scholarly Commons, 1987. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/499.
Ducret, Stéphane. "Contribution de la physiologie et de la mécanique dans l'étude des sports de glisse : rôle de l'usure des matériaux et de la fatigue de l'athlète dans la performance." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10192.
Malone, Daniel Joseph. "PERFLUOROCHEMICAL AUGMENTED INTRATRACHEAL DELIVERY OF ANTIOXIDANT ENZYMES AND GENES TO ATTENUATE OXIDATIVE STRESS-INDUCED LUNG AND RESPIRATORY MUSCLE ALTERATIONS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/24041.
Ph.D.
Supraphysiologic concentrations of oxygen are used in the management of critically ill patients across the lifespan. However, hyperoxia (HO) results in alveolar- capillary membrane destruction, pulmonary edema, pleural effusions, infiltration and activation of inflammatory cells, altered pulmonary mechanics and gas exchange prompting increased loading of the respiratory muscle. These abnormalities of pulmonary structure and function increase the work of breathing necessitating increased respiratory muscle force production to maintain alveolar ventilation. When the load placed on the respiratory muscle pump exceeds its capacity, respiratory failure develops and is ultimately fatal unless therapeutic interventions are able to reduce the ventilatory load. The use of perfluorochemical (PFC) liquids as a respiratory medium has been effective in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury (ALI) requiring mechanical ventilation. Mechanistically, by eliminating the air-liquid interface, PFC liquids reduce surface tension enabling lung volume recruitment at low inspiratory pressures and have high respiratory gas solubility which supports gas exchange. Additionally, through mechanical as well as cytoprotective mechanisms, intrapulmonary PFC liquids reduce inflammatory cell activation and recruitment. Cell culture, animal and human studies have suggested that acute and chronic lung injury secondary to prolonged HO may be ameliorated by administration of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), with superoxide dismutases (SOD) having significant protective effects. Because the lung is exposed to the highest O2 concentrations, a logical strategy to reduce HO-induced damage is to specifically target antioxidant enzymes to the lungs. However, intratracheal delivery of AOE by vehicles like normal saline may transiently impair lung function and be poorly distributed. PFC fluids have previously been shown to be effective respiratory media for pulmonary administration of various drugs. The premise of the proposed studies are to to characterize hyperoxic lung injury in a spontaneously breathing animal model and to develop therapeutic strategies to reduce oxidatative stress and supplement endogenous AOE. With respect to the diaphragm, we reason that HO-induced lung damage and oxidative stress will increase contractile demand of the diaphragm. If AOE activity could be increased in the lungs and respiratory muscles with AOE proteins or the genes encoding these enzymes, then cell damage, inflammatory changes, damage to the lung and respiratory "pump" might be ameliorated or prevented. The results show that PFC and SOD can attenuate the HO- induced decline in lung mechanics and gas exchange, ameliorate the inflammatory and oxidative stress profiles, and promote lung and muscle structural integrity resulting in a survival benefit. These findings support the novel application of PFC liquids in a spontaneously breathing model and support the concept that PFC preconditioning and AOE supplementation play a protective role by reducing mortality and morbidity in hyperoxic lung injury.
Temple University--Theses
Cormack, Stuart J. "Neuromuscular fatigue and endocrine responses in elite Australian rules football players." Connect to thesis, 2008. http://portal.ecu.edu.au/adt-public/adt-ECU2008.0010.html.
Hindle, Allyson Gayle. "An evaluation of the impacts of aging on skeletal muscle performance in several mammalian divers." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2615.
Schwartz, Christine. "Muscle LIM protein and Nesprin-1 in Mechanotransduction." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066374/document.
I studied three striated muscle proteins that are participating in two different pathways of mechanotransduction, which is the translation of a physical stimulus into a biochemical signal.When isolated cardiomyocytes are stretched in 2D, MLP shuttles to the nucleus. Without shuttling MLP, these cells fail to respond to the stretch stimulus. Human patients with MLP-mutations develop cardiomyopathies, as well as mice with a knock-out of MLP (MLP-/-). By expressing mutated MLP in neonatal cardiomyocytes of MLP-/- mice, I wanted to elucidate the role of mutant MLP. Surprisingly, MLP did shuttle after stretching of 2D but not 3D cell cultures. Although I could not solve this issue, I prepared the setup for subsequent experiments.Nesprins are part of the nuclear envelope (NE) spanning LINC complex, which connects the cytoskeleton with the nucleus. Myoblasts from patients with mutations in Nesprins or LINC-associated Lamins displayed deformed nuclei and had defects in mechanosensitive responses with an elevated level of stress fibers and focal adhesions on soft surfaces. This phenotype could be rescued by knock-down of formin FHOD1, a downstream target of ROCK and SRC, which also were highly active in the mutant cells. While mutations in Nesprins and Lamins are thought to lead to mechanical instability of the NE, these results indicate that signaling pathways through the NE are disturbed as well
Trangmar, Steven John. "Circulatory limitations to exercise capacity in humans : the impact of heat stress and dehydration on brain and muscle blood flow and metabolism." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/10609.
Jones, Sarah Anne Louise. "Differential expressions of cell cycle regulatory proteins and ERK1-2 characterize the proliferative smooth muscle cell phenotype induced by allylamine." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969/124.
Khanamiryan, Luiza. "Etude des différents domaines de la synémine, son assemblage et implication possible dans les maladies neuromusculaires." Paris 7, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA077081.
The synemin is an intermediate filament of type IV, initially characterized like an IFAP because it co-purified with thé filaments of the type III. Three isoforms of the synemin result from an alternative splicing of the same gene: synemin H 180 kDa (high), synemin M 140 kDa (middle) and synemin L 41 kDa (low). The synemin form obligatory heteropolymers with the filaments of the type III or IV, because it needs a partner to form the filaments. The synemins can co-polymerize with desmin in the muscles, the GFAP in the astrocytes and the NFS in the neurons to form heteropolymers. The comparison of the sequences of the human synemin and the other intermediate filament of type III and IV showed that the synemîn has a very short N-terminal head of 10aa and the absence or partial sequence conservatïon of motives characferistic of the intermedïate filaments. Many changes were been introduced into the sequence of synemin by the directed mufagenesis to study the role of each fiefd in the assembly the head and the central rod domains. We defermined the important fields fo the formation of network. In addition, with the goal to study the C-terminal not helical part (tail) of fhis protein, it was been cut ouf in many fragments and was been expressed in the cells in order to find the interactions with other proteins. The sites of interactions with proteins of the type III desmin and the vimentin were been identified Finally, the test part relates to the research of the mutations in the synemin gene among the patients suffering from DRM. The DNA of patients was been analysed by using vartous methods
Julien, Mathéau A. "Mechanical Strain-Mediated Syndecan Regulation and Its Effects on Adhesion of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7007.
Ziegler, Thierry. "Co-culture of endothelial cells with smooth muscle cells in a matrix of collagen : Effect of a steady, laminar stress on the cell behavior." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17618.
Derbré, Frédéric. "Etude des voies de signalisation impliquées dans la sarcopénie : rôle du stress oxydant et de l'inactivité physique." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652764.
Moutin, Marie-Jo. "Etude de la libération de calcium par le reticulum sarcoplasmique du muscle squelettique." Grenoble 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988GRE10086.
Badeau, Mylène, and Mylène Badeau. "Effets d'un antioxydant, le tempol, sur les actions métaboliques et vasculaires de l'insuline chez le rat insulino-résistant avec un surplus de poids. Effets de l'insuline sur le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique, la réactivité vasculaire, l'expression des protéines eNOS, le stress oxydatif et les effets hémodynamiques régionaux." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18703.
Parmi la population nord-américaine, les cas de diabète de type 2 et d’obésité ont atteint des niveaux alarmants. Leurs conséquences sur la santé publique, la vie économique et l’avenir des populations sont majeures. Mon projet de maîtrise avait pour but de caractériser les dérèglements métaboliques et vasculaires suscités chez le rat soumis à une alimentation riche en gras saturés et en sucre raffinés, et à examiner les effets d’un antioxydant (tempol). Nos résultats indiquent qu’un traitement avec tempol améliore la sensibilité à l’insuline mesurée lors de clamp euglycémique hyperinsulinémique, réduit le gain de poids, augmente l’expression endothéliale de eNOS (estimée par microscopie confocale) et diminue la quantité de protéines nitrotyrosinées dans l’aorte. Il améliore aussi le transport du glucose dans le muscle squelettique et la réactivité vasculaire in vitro. Ces résultats suggèrent non seulement une association étroite entre la diète, les maladies cardiovasculaires, le stress oxydatif et eNOS, mais démontrent aussi l’efficacité du tempol à améliorer la sensibilité à l’insuline et la fonction endothéliale dans ce modèle animal.
In the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
In the Western hemisphere, the incidence of type 2 diabetes and obesity have been growing at an alarming rate. Their consequences on public health, economic situation and population’s future are major. My research project at the Master degree was designed to characterize metabolic and vascular dysfunctions elicited in a rat model fed a high fat and high sucrose diet, and to examine in this animal model the effect of a chronic treatment with the antioxidant, tempol. Our results indicate that treatment with tempol significantly improves insulin sensitivity measured during a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp, reduces weight gain, increases endothelium eNOS protein expression (confocal microscopy) and reduces nitrotyrosine formation in aortas. An improvement in insulin-mediated glucose transport activity in skeletal muscles and in vascular reactivity were also noted. These results not only suggest the presence of a close link between diet, cardiovascular diseases, oxidative stress and eNOS, but also indicate the ability of treatment with tempol to significantly improve insulin sensitivity and endothelial functions in this rat model.
Yadav, Prashant. "Understanding the Role of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and its Function as a Driving Force behind the ER Stress Response in Fibrostenotic Crohn’s Disease-affected Ileal Smooth Muscle Cells." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5511.
Robelin, Jacques. "Composition corporelle des bovins : evolution au cours du developpement et differences entre races." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF2E368.