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1
Eglite, Inga. "INSOLVENCY PROCESS PECULIARITIES OF PHYSICAL PERSONS AS A KIND OF RESUMES HOW TO UPGRADE PAYMENT AND RESTRUCTURING OUTSIDE DEBT." Administrative and Criminal Justice 3, no. 84 (February 6, 2019): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v3i84.3607.
Анотація:
Existing problems in process of insolvency proceedings of a natural person, which are not exactly defined in law regulation, make specification for each insolvency process. Which often make wrong notions about process of the natural person insolvency proceeding. And what should be taken into account, for renewing the natural person solvency in the way that the natural person obligations must be extinguishing.
2
Uhlířová, Marta. "Legal aspects of the crimes committed in insolvency proceedings – comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2911–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072911.
Анотація:
The subject of this paper is to compare the Czech and Austrian legislation considering offenses which entrepreneurs and other entities (natural person) may commit within the insolvency proceedings or which are related to the insolvency. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of Czech and Austrian legislation with regard cross-border relationships within the business environment and living between the Czech Republic and Austria.Czech entrepreneurs and natural person in Austria can get into a situation where their debtor is located in Austria and finds himself insolvent or vice versa. Also the Czech entrepreneurs and natural person may do their bussines or live in Austria and may get into such a situation when they are close to the situation which can lead to their decline. This paper would be for them a practical recommendation on how to avoid potential criminal liability.
3
Busch, Dörte. "Current Reform Efforts of German Consumer Insolvency Law and the Discharge of Residual Debts." German Law Journal 7, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 591–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200004879.
Анотація:
The new Insolvency Statute (Insolvenzordnung – InsO), which came into force on 1 January 1999, sets a discharge of residual debts (Restschuldbefreiung), sections 286 – 303 InsO. When the debtor is a natural person, he or she can request the discharge on the basis of two different insolvency proceedings: either in accordance with the regular insolvency proceedings or in accordance with the consumer insolvency proceedings. The discharge of residual debts has both a social and an economic function. On the one hand, it serves as personal protection for the debtor, especially his rights of privacy and dignity (allgemeines Persönlichkeitsrecht); it will give debtors a new perspective. On the other hand, the provisions intend to (re)integrate debtors into economic life, thereby avoiding illegal employment.
4
Kronis, Ivars. "CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR DELAYING INSOLVENCY PROCEEDINGS." Administrative and Criminal Justice 1, no. 78 (March 31, 2017): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/acj.v1i78.2800.
Анотація:
The article analyzes the legal norm, which provides for the criminal liability of the administrator and the representative of the debtor within the framework of legal entity insolvency proceedings or of the insolvent natural person in these proceedings. Up to now the criminal law science of Latvia discussed the issue of criminal aspects of delaying insolvency proceedings, however the authors, who researched them, did not go into details or analyzed them in conjunction with the previous insolvency regulation. This is indicative of the topicality of the theme, the importance of theoretical and practical research in the modern criminal law. By means of his thesis, the author wants to even partially close this gap, examining the most important aspects of the theme. Although the time passed after the effective date of the new Insolvency Law of November 1, 2010 is not enough to form legal practice in the criminal aspects related to delaying insolvency proceedings, it is the right moment to emphasize the urgency of the problem and to thoroughly evaluate the most important issues. Therefore, the purpose of the thesis is, analyzing peculiarities of offence as specified in Article 215 of the Criminal Law, to evaluate theoretical and practical aspects of its application. The empirical base of the research is formed by scientific theses and collections of articles, periodical editions and primary sources, legal acts, statistical data, Internet resources, other information in the public domain. To develop the thesis, the author used analytical, comparative, inductive and deductive methods of research.
5
Montilla Arjona, Luis. "Perspectivas de la Ley de Segunda Oportunidad de la Persona Física." Revista de Derecho de la UNED (RDUNED), no. 23 (March 14, 2019): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rduned.23.2018.24033.
Анотація:
Transcurridos tres años desde la publicación de laLey 25/2015, de 28 de julio, de mecanismos de segunda oportunidad,reducción de la carga financiera y otras medidas de orden social,continúa existiendo gran desconocimiento tanto para el profesionalcomo para el profano de las posibilidades que ofrece, y lo quees más importante para el verdadero interesado: la persona física,empresario o no, con sobreendeudamiento y riesgo de insolvencia.Y cuando existen campañas de extensión de su contenido entre losprofesionales, para hacer que llegue al destinatario final, son otrasleyes y disposiciones de carácter local las que centran la atenciónaunque por motivos alejados de su finalidad, pero que han enseñadoque tras la situación de peligro de «muerte civil» por el estado de insolvencia,existen otras posibilidades, o realidades actuales, parahuir del riesgo de caer, hasta ahora irremediablemente, en la economíasumergida.Having transcurred three years since the publicationof the Law 25/2015, July 28th, about second chance mechanisms, reductionof financial burden and other social order measures, a greatignorance of its possibilities for both profesional and profane continuesto exist, and what is most important for the true interested:the natural person, entrepreneur or not, with overindebtedness anda risk of insolvency. And when campaigns for the extension of itscontents amongst professionals do exist, in order for it to arrive toits final adressee, other laws and dispositions of local character arethe ones that focus attention although due to reasons far from theirpurpose, but which have taught that after the situation of danger of«civil death» by a state of insolvency, other possibilities do exist, orcurrent realities, to evade the risk of falling, hopelessly until now, towardsthe submerged economy.
6
Coetzee, Hermie. "Is the Unequal Treatment of Debtors in Natural Person Insolvency Law Justifiable?: A South African Exposition." International Insolvency Review 25, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 36–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iir.1244.
7
Eglīte, Inga, and Osvalds Joksts. "Galveno interešu centru noteikšanas un izvērtēšanas problemātika fizisko personu pārrobežu maksātnespējas procesos." SOCRATES. Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Juridiskās fakultātes elektroniskais juridisko zinātnisko rakstu žurnāls / SOCRATES. Rīga Stradiņš University Faculty of Law Electronic Scientific Journal of Law 1, no. 19 (2021): 120–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25143/socr.19.2020.1.120-129.
Анотація:
Rakstā tiek analizēts tas, cik dažādos veidos iespējams novērtēt un izpētīt, kur atrodas parādnieka galvenais interešu centrs, un kādiem apstākļiem atklājoties var secināt pretējo – ka patiesais parādnieka galveno interešu centrs tomēr atrodas citā valstī, nevis Latvijā. Rakstā ir veikts parādnieku maldinošās informācijas apkopojums, kas var radīt maldinošu iespaidu tiesām galvenā interešu centra noteikšanai tieši Latvijā, kas ļauj parādniekam fiziskai personai iziet atvieglotāku fiziskās personas maksātnespēju procedūru, salīdzinot ar to valsti, kurā ir parādnieka patiesais galvenais interešu centrs. Ir apkopota problemātika galvenā interešu centra noteikšanā un analizēti visbiežākie klupšanas akmeņi tiesu nolēmumos, uzsverot kopējas prakses ieviešanas nepieciešamību, lai neveidotos vai vismaz kļūtu retāki jauni līdzīga veida precedenti. The authors analyse how it is possibile in different ways to assess and study where the debtor’s main centre of interests is located and under what circumstances the opposite can be concluded. Compilation of misleading information by debtors, which may create a misleading impression of courts to determine the main centre of interest in Latvia, which allows a debtor – a natural person to go through the insolvency or a natural person under a more lenient procedure compared to the country where the debtor is true (GIC). Summarising these issues (GIC) will allow to identify and analyse the most common stumbling blocks in court decisions, and the need to introduce common practices in order not to create or at least reduce new precedents of similar nature.
8
Kozlova, Vlada. "Social Condition of Criminal Bankruptcy of Individuals in Russia." Herald of Omsk University. Series: Law 17, no. 3 (October 19, 2020): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1990-5173.2020.17(3).103-108.
Анотація:
Introduction. The social conditionality of criminal bankruptcy is revealed through its historical analysis.
The origin of the institution of economic insolvency is associated with the emergence and development of
market and commodity-money relations. Under the influence of socio-economic conditions, this institution
underwent various changes. Purpose. The purpose is consider the development of the institution of bankruptcy
in Russia through the prism of political economic relations, to show that it is precisely such relations that
determine the degree and extent of its criminality. Methodology. The author used historical and political
economic analysis. Results. Three periods can be distinguished in the development of the institution of
insolvency in Russia: nationally distinctive, enlightened absolutism, and post-Soviet. In the first period in
Russia, there was an institution of enslaved servitude, which was incorrectly identified with bankruptcy. The
tendency towards the enslavement of peasants and servants caused a host of undesirable consequences,
including the ruin of taxpayers, flight from debts, and riots, which led to the policy of state restriction of the
interests of creditors. The institution of bankruptcy comes to Russia from the West during the Petrine and postPeter era and finally takes shape during the period of enlightened absolutism. The attitude towards debtors
clearly follows the political line determined by the autocracy. Opposition to the criminal bankruptcy of
individuals was most fully embodied in the Criminal and Correctional Penal Code of 1845. It was determined in
three directions: recipients who violate loan rules; to attorneys, certifying the obligation both to the
bankruptcies and insolvent persons themselves, as well as to persons involved in bankruptcy. The post-Soviet
period begins with the restoration of capitalism, and in artificial form. The natural course of development of
capitalism spans more than one century. In Russia, it was recreated in three decades. As a result, an economic
model is created that is far from the classical one. The differences are in the degree of its criminality and
criminogenicity. The institution of bankruptcy plays a significant role in creating the modern Russian model of
capitalism, and from this point of view, three periods can also be distinguished in its development, in each of
which specific political goals are highlighted: 1) the destruction of the socialist economy; 2) the initial
accumulation of capital; c) regulatory settlement. Conclusion. The bankruptcy institution is actively developing
when economic relations are criminalized. In Soviet times, bankruptcy as an institution was not in demand,
since socialist economic relations were not needed in it. This indicates that the economy under socialism was
the least criminalized, since the institution of criminal bankruptcy is needed under capitalism, the nature of
which was initially criminal. A planned economy excludes bankruptcy of the enterprise, and the main principle
of socialism “All for the good of man!” makes it almost impossible for a person to fall into legal economic
dependence.
9
SAMBORSKA, Oksana. "STATE AND FEATURES OF FRUIT GROWING DEVELOPMENT IN VINNYTSIA REGION." "EСONOMY. FINANСES. MANAGEMENT: Topical issues of science and practical activity", no. 9 (49) (September 25, 2019): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2411-4413-2019-9-3.
Анотація:
The article investigates the current state and peculiarities of horticulture development in Vinnytsia region, which are preceded by special natural-climatic and economic conditions. The factors of external and internal environment on the prospects of horticulture development in the region are considered. The analysis of the enterprises of Vinnytsia region, which form the basis of growing and processing of fruit and vegetable products. The investigated enterprises of Vinnytsia region have developed a marketing strategy for entering new international markets of products, improved advertising and product quality, sorting and transportation conditions. The cost of production collected using manual labor is several times higher than the cost of collected and sorted products at the enterprises with mechanized machinery. In order to fully evaluate the volume of horticultural products in the region, the yield and gross harvest for individual years were investigated. The increase in the volume of fruit and berry production contributes to the development of processing enterprises in Vinnytsia region and to entering new markets with finished products in fresh or frozen form. Typical vegetable products exported to European Union countries are presented. For an example of consumption of basic products per person according to the medical standards defined by the World Health Organization are given. There is a gradual decrease in consumption of vegetables, fruits and berries per person, insolvency of consumers, difficult working conditions, lack of state support have led to such results. Today, the development of fruit and vegetable production contributes to the economic growth of the agricultural sector not only in the analyzed region, but in Ukraine as a whole. Growing quality horticultural products at an affordable price for all categories of the population allows to increase the consumption of such products, which in turn improves the well-being and health of the population. The conducted researches help to develop a comprehensive program of food security of the region and the country for providing full nutrition of the population in accordance with medical norms.
10
Ambrasaitė, Goda, and Rimvydas Norkus. "Legal Aspects of Insolvency of Natural Persons in the Baltic States." Juridica International 21 (November 30, 2014): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/ji.2014.21.16.
11
Santana Díaz, Jarlex Milena. "Análisis Al Régimen De Insolvencia De Persona Natural No Comerciante Ley 1564 Del 2012." Derectum 5, no. 2 (November 1, 2020): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2538-9505/derectum.2.2020.7311.
Анотація:
El Estado Colombiano ha recorrido un largo proceso de situaciones jurídicas que le permitieron incluir dentro de su codificación una reglamentación especial como es la insolvencia (Gustavo, 2005) para persona natural con una concepción que determina el sujeto a quien ha de aplicarse esta norma y es precisamente a las no comerciante. Precisamente este trámite es el que permite que una persona natural no comerciante logre negociar todas sus acreencias, convalidar acuerdos previos con sus acreedores y en última instancia liquidar su propio patrimonio (Jorge, 2013) para cumplir con sus obligaciones; esto solo fue posible cuando nuestro país conto con un régimen autónomo e independiente que regulara la materia, naciendo así la figura de los operadores en insolvencia y las herramientas jurídicas que permitieran la implementación del procedimiento.
12
Jaramillo Sierra, Camila. "La condonación imperfecta de deudas del derecho concursal español." Revista e-mercatoria 14, no. 1 (July 4, 2015): 33–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18601/16923960.v14n1.02.
Анотація:
En el presente trabajo se estudia la situación del deudor persona natural en estado de insolvencia, a raíz de la promulgación del Real Decreto Ley 01/2015 en España. Así mismo, se critica la inadecuada reglamentación del mecanismo de la segunda oportunidad del régimen de insolvencia español, a pesar de las recomendaciones y directrices propuestas por organismos internacionales especializados.
13
Ciesielski, Jarosław. "Rejestry przedsiębiorców a ochrona danych osobowych." Przegląd Prawa i Administracji 112 (August 2, 2018): 13–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0137-1134.112.2.
Анотація:
REGISTERS OF ENTREPRENEURS AND PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATACurrently, in Polish law there are different regulations regarding the protection of personal data of entrepreneurs depending on whether they are natural persons disclosed in the Central Register and Information on Business Activity or are other entities capital companies, foundations, partnerships etc., disclosed in the National Court Register. Explicit data provided by the Central Registry are generally subject to the Act of 29 August 1997 on the protection of personal data. The entities that process data contained therein must perform only certain duties. None of the provisions of the Act are applied to entrepreneurs disclosed in the National Court Register. These data are not protected by the Act if they do not apply to natural persons. The personal data of natural persons disclosed in this Register are covered by the protection of the Act, if they are used for purposes other than their identification as performing functions in commercial companies or as persons appearing in the register of insolvent debtors.
14
Montoya, Juan Carlos. "Deuda de los centros de conciliación de los consultorios jurídicos con las personas en situación de insolvencia. Siete años de inactividad del procedimiento de insolvencia en escenarios conciliatorios de práctica legal." Díkaion 30, no. 1 (September 27, 2021): 10–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5294/dika.2021.30.1.1.
Анотація:
En Colombia, desde el año 2012, se definió un procedimiento de insolvencia para personas naturales no comerciantes cuyo propósito es la estabilización financiera del deudor y la recuperación del crédito a favor de sus acreedores. Según el marco normativo, este procedimiento podría iniciarse gratuitamente ante centros de conciliación de los consultorios jurídicos de las facultades de derecho. A pesar de lo anterior, y aun cuando existe la imperiosa necesidad de atención y adelantamiento del procedimiento para las personas en condiciones de vulnerabilidad que se encuentran en situación de insolvencia, al año 2019 y habiendo pasado 7 años desde la expedición de dicho procedimiento, ningún centro de conciliación universitario de la ciudad de Bogotá estaba prestando este servicio. El presente artículo es resultado de un ejercicio investigativo cuyo propósito consistió en determinar los factores que explicarían lo anterior. De esta manera, se relaciona el concepto de pobreza y precariedad económica con la situación de insolvencia; se desarrollan los propósitos del procedimiento de insolvencia de persona natural no comerciante y la situación de debilidad manifiesta de los deudores insolventes en Colombia; se hace referencia a los propósitos pedagógicos y sociales de los consultorios jurídicos, y se exponen los resultados.
15
Alarcón Lora, Andrés Antonio. "La perspectiva constitucional de la insolvencia de persona natural no comerciante, nueva tendencia concursal y su aplicabilidad en Colombia." Saber, Ciencia y Libertad 6, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 37–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18041/2382-3240/saber.2011v6n2.1776.
Анотація:
La insolvencia ha sido desarrollada como un supuesto necesario para el acceso al trámite de los procesos concursales. En Colombia estos procedimientos mercantiles han sido esquivos a las personas naturales no comerciantes; por ello, la Corte Constitucional, máximo tribunal para la defensa de derechos fundamentales, exhortó al legislador para la expedición de la normativa especial, que se encuentra ad portas de una reglamentación por parte del Ejecutivo, que la haga efectiva y operante. Además, que garantice al ciudadano común los beneficios obtenidos por las empresas en reorganización empresarial.
16
Montesinos-Chávez, Fermín M. "Desarrollo de un modelo de inteligencia artificial que permita la identificación de la situación financiera de las empresas en el Perú." Gaceta Científica 3, no. 2 (June 21, 2019): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.46794/gacien.3.2.408.
Анотація:
El concepto de insolvencia se asocia a la incapacidad de una persona natural o jurídica para cumplir regularmente sus obligaciones. En la evaluación de la solvencia empresarial juega un papel primordial la información económico financiero a transmitida a través de los estados contables. Esta situación, ha incrementado el interés académico y empresarial en el tema del fracaso de las empresas. El objetivo de la presente investigación es determinar en qué medida un modelo de inteligencia artificial permitirá la identificación de la solvencia e insolvencia empresarial en el Perú, integrado las redes neuronales artificiales y la lógica difusa, utilizando como atributos los ratios financieros. El primero de estos modelos es entrenada mediante una estrategia de retropropagación (Backpropagation), y que consigue clasificar correctamente cerca de un 92%, el segundo se utiliza la lógica difusa que a, pesar de su simplicidad estructural, logra un promedio de acierto cercano al 80% de las muestra. Los modelos indican que los atributos tomados en cuenta contienen evidencias suficientes para identificar la solvencia e insolvencia empresarial.
17
Rizkiah, Siti Kholifatul, and Fajri Matahati Muhammadin. "A CRITICAL EXAMINATION TOWARDS THE ISLAMIC DISCOURSE ON “LIMITED LIABILITY”." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 11 (January 30, 2020): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/uumjls.11.1.2020.7309.
Анотація:
The concept of limited liability has been a very important component of the development of the global economy. However, while limited liability is currently a reality all over the world including in the Islamic nations, it is not without discourse among the Muslim jurists. The debate mainly revolves around two core issues. The first issue is the concern of some jurists that the only acknowledged legal entity in Islamic law are natural persons, and that legal persons (like limited liability corporations) are ‘fictitious’. The second issue is concerning how the owners of the limited liability companies have rights to residual profits of the company, but do not bear the liability towards the debt when insolvency occurs. Some jurists are concerned because the Shari‘ah dictates that paying debts is a very serious matter. Using a literature research method, this article will critically examine the debate between the jurists especially in the two issues mentioned earlier and determine which argument is stronger. It is found that, in the end, establishing a legal entity other than natural persons as well as barring company owners from debt liability are very hard to justify under the Shari‘ah. However, given the status-quo construct of global economics, not utilizing limited liabilities may cause devastating economic repercussions. Therefore, a new model of corporation might need to be researched and explored in order to suit the necessities of the economy as well as being consistent with the Shari‘ah.
18
Arraiza Jiménez, Pablo. "El concurso de acreedores desde la óptica de la sociedad familiar." Pecvnia : Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Empresariales, Universidad de León, no. 12 (June 1, 2011): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/pec.v0i12.619.
Анотація:
El concurso de acreedores constituye una institución mixta de derecho mercantil y procesal que tiene por objeto la salvaguarda del patrimonio social o masa con la finalidad de permitir a los acreedores de una sociedad en situación de insolvencia obtener el cobro de sus créditos en la mayor medida posible, ya sea mediante la suscripción de un convenio que tienda a permitir la supervivencia de la empresa como medio de obtención de los recursos precisos para hacer frente al pago, ya sea mediante la instauración de un proceso liquidatorio que partiendo de una disolución ordenada de la sociedad, contemple la satisfacción de los acreedores de acuerdo con un orden de prelación determinado por una jerarquización crediticia construida sobre la base de la mayor preeminencia de determinados grupos de acreedores caracterizados por la relevancia social de los sujetos que integran cada grupo. La institución del concurso de acreedores viene actualmente regulada en la Ley 22/2003 de 9 de julio, inspirada en el principio de unidad de disciplina como expresamente reconoce la Exposición de Motivos de esta Ley, la cual somete a un mismo régimen normativo a la totalidad de las situaciones concursales, con independencia de que afecten a personas físicas o jurídicas, comerciantes o no. En tal contexto, las singularidades que por su idiosincrasia interna presenta la sociedad familiar tienen su reflejo en la regulación y el desarrollo del concurso de acreedores, en cuestiones tan relevantes como la génesis y virtualidad de la decisión de instar la declaración de concurso voluntario ante el Juzgado de lo Mercantil, la calificación de los créditos de los socios, su intervención en la junta de acreedores, la solicitud de la apertura de la fase de liquidación, o la calificación del concurso.<br /><br />The bankruptcy constitutes a mixed institution of commercial and procedural law that takes as an object the safeguard of the social heritage or mass with the purpose of allowing to the creditors of a company in situation of insolvency obtain the collection of his credits in the major possible measure, already be by means of the subscription of an agreement that tends to allow the survival of the company as way of obtaining of the precise resources to face to the payment, already be by means of the restoration of a liquidation process that departing from a dissolution been ordained as the company, contemplate the satisfaction of the creditors of agreement with an order of marshalling determined by a credit hierarchical organization constructed on the base of the major preeminence of certain groups of creditors characterized by the social relevancy of the subjects who integrate every group. The institution of the bankruptcy comes nowadays regulated in the Law 22/2003 of July 9, inspired by the beginning of unit of discipline as expressly it recognizes them the Exposition of reasons of this Law, which submits to the same normative regime to the totality of the situations compete for them, with independence of which they affect natural or juridical persons, merchants or not. In such a context, the singularities that for his internal idiosyncrasy the familiar company presents have his reflection in the regulation and the development of the creditors' contest, in questions as relevant as the genesis and virtuality of the decision of urging the declaration of voluntary bankruptcy before the Judge of the mercantile thing, the qualification of the credits of the partners, his intervention in the creditors' meeting, the request of the opening of the phase of liquidation, or the qualification of the bankruptcy.<br />
19
Boterere, Shammah G. "Zimbabwe's natural person debt relief system: Much-needed relief for No Income No Asset (NINA) debtors or 'out with the new'?" De Jure 54 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2225-7160/2021/v54a12.
Анотація:
SUMMARY Access to debt relief measures and a concomitant discharge of debts are some of the most fundamental elements of an effective natural person debt relief system. Failure to gain access to debt relief measures - due to, among others, stringent access requirements has plagued No Income No Asset (NINA) debtors in many jurisdictions worldwide. In response to this plight of NINA debtors, a remarkable trend in insolvency law has been witnessed which seeks to accommodate the needs of this widely excluded group of debtors. Zimbabwe is one of the countries which has responded positively to this trend by reforming its natural person debt relief system. This has seen the introduction of a consolidated Insolvency Act 7 of 2018. The Insolvency Act introduces the novel pre-liquidation and postliquidation compositions to the debt relief system. This paper examines the treatment of NINA debtors in the recently reformed natural person debt relief system of Zimbabwe. This examination has reviewed that the natural person debt relief system affords relief to over-committed debtors with excess income and/or disposable assets while ostracising NINA debtors. Additionally, this paper also juxtaposed Zimbabwe's natural person debt relief system with internationally regarded principles and policies in insolvency law as outlined in the World Bank Report on the treatment of the insolvency natural persons and provided necessary recommendation for the reform of the prevailing debt relief measures.
20
Shange, Khalipha. "CONSUMER OVER-INDEBTEDNESS LANDSCAPE: THE OBLITERATION OF A CREDITOR-ORIENTED APPROACH THROUGH THE DEBT INTERVENTION PROCEDURE?" Pretoria Student Law Review, no. 14 (2) (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.29053/pslr.v14i2.1816.
Анотація:
As observed by Coetzee and Roestoff, the South African natural person insolvency system remains creditor oriented and as a ramification many over-indebted consumers are excluded from access to debt alleviation measures.1 There are three debt alleviation measures available to natural persons in South Africa, of which only the sequestration procedure under the Insolvency Act provides an over-indebted consumer with a discharge from pre-insolvency debts.2 However, the principal requirement of proving financial advantage to creditors restricts access for many debtors as they do not have sufficient disposable assets to satisfy the requirement.3 The other two debt alleviation measures are the administration order provided in the Magistrates Court4 and debt review under section 86 of the National Credit Act.5 These measures have been heavily criticised for their reliance on the courts and for only providing debt repayment plans with no provision for discharge.6 This article commences with a detailed discussion of the debt intervention procedure provided by the 2019 National Credit Amendment Act.7 Thereafter, the New Zealand insolvency system is discussed. The purpose is to benchmark the debt intervention procedure against the New Zealand insolvency system in order to ascertain if it obliterates a creditor-oriented approach.
21
"Insolvency of natural persons in Germany and Russia." Актуальные проблемы российского права, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2017.80.7.190-194.
22
Rojas Vertiz Contreras, Rosa. "Insolvency Proceedings for Natural Persons: Why is Latin American Innovating?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3162291.
23
Kilborn, Jason J. "Elaborating UNCITRAL's Legislative Guide on Insolvency Law: Principles for Natural Persons." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3015418.
24
Mason, Rosalind, and Stephen O'Mahony. "Perspectives on Australian Bankruptcy Law through the prism of the World Bank Report on the Treatment of the Insolvency of Natural Persons." QUT Law Review 14, no. 3 (October 23, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/qutlr.v14i3.549.
25
Kilborn, Jason J. "Reflections of the World Bank's Report on the Treatment of the Insolvency of Natural Persons in the Newest Consumer Bankruptcy Laws: Colombia, Italy, Ireland." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2426622.