Готові списки джерел за темами / Natural salinity

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Natural salinity"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 травня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Natural salinity":

Nguyen, Trang Cong, Hoa Van Au, Giang Trung Tran, Phuong Thanh Nguyen, and Ut Ngoc Vu. "Phytoplankton community composition variation under natural and prolonged saline intrusion simulations." International Journal of Limnology 58 (2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/limn/2022001.

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This study assessed phytoplankton community composition variation under two discrete salinity intrusion rate experiments. Experiment 1 simulated salinization under short-term, natural tidally induced rates of salinity change typical of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam (0–30‰ in 6 h), while Experiment 2 simulated salinization under a longer, more gradual rate of salinity change (0–30‰ at 5‰ increase per week). Phytoplankton community composition was, overall, more abundant following prolonged salinity change (Experiment 2) than rapid, tidally-induced salinity change (Experiment 1). Under both experimental conditions phytoplankton species number and density varied with changes in salinity, indicating a strong effect of salinity regardless of its rate of change. At the end of the salinity acclimation, Cyanobacteria, Chlorophyta, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta were all most abundant at a salinity of 5‰ after a short-term tidally simulated change in salinity, but with a longer, more gradual change in salinity, the abundance of different groups varied with salinity; With a longer, more gradual change in salinity, Chlorophyta was most abundant at 5–10‰ salinity, while Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyta and Bacillariophyta were all most abundant at a salinity of 5‰. The species composition in treatments of less than 10‰ had high similarity with the freshwater environment while treatments of 30‰ (Experiment 1) and 25‰ (Experiment 2) had high similarity with the natural seawater environment. This study demonstrates the utility of mesocosm experiments for understanding phytoplankton community composition variation in natural aquatic ecosystems under rapid and prolonged saline intrusion rates and predicting associated impacts on food webs in natural water bodies and aquaculture systems.

Maleki Tirabadi, Mohammad Sadegh, Mohammad Ebrahim Banihabib, and Timothy O. Randhir. "SWAT-S: A SWAT-salinity module for watershed-scale modeling of natural salinity." Environmental Modelling & Software 135 (January 2021): 104906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2020.104906.

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Taherifar, Hossein, Sima Rezvantalab, Fatemeh Bahadori, and Omid Sadrzadeh Khoei. "Treatments of reverse osmosis concentrate using natural zeolites." Journal of Water and Land Development 25, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2015-0012.

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Abstract The purpose of the current study is to experimentally investigate the reduction of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) from a concentrated stream of reversed osmosis (RO) using natural zeolites. In order to reduce the salinity of solution, experiments were carried out using zeolites of varying concentration, pretreatment of adsorbents, and the addition of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The results show that both zeolites can be used in an RO brine treatment; however, Rhyolitic tuff is more effective than clinoptilolite for the reduction of water salinity. The experiments show that Rhyolitic tuff decreases salinity of RO concentrate to nearly one – third of the initial value. Statistical analyses show that the effect of zeolite concentration is negligible. Furthermore, the addition of EDTA and pretreatment of zeolite increase the SAR values.

Santangelo, Jayme M., Reinaldo L. Bozelli, Adriana de M. Rocha, and Francisco de A. Esteves. "Effects of slight salinity increases on Moina micrura (Cladocera) populations: field and laboratory observations." Marine and Freshwater Research 59, no. 9 (2008): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08026.

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Salinity is a well-recognised factor that shapes population dynamics and community structure through direct and indirect effects. The responses of Moina micrura (Cladocera) to slight salinity increases (up to 6.0) were evaluated through laboratory manipulative experiments and field observations at Cabiúnas lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil). From the field data, a positive relationship between M. micrura density and salinity was observed, whereas the opposite was found for other co-occurring microcrustaceans. Life-table observations from laboratory experiments showed better performance of individuals exposed to control conditions (no salt addition) and 1.0 and 2.0 of salinity. The difference between field and laboratory results may be explained considering possible direct and indirect effects of salinity on M. micrura populations. Salinity may have direct negative physiological effects in individuals. However, under natural conditions, M. micrura might benefit from reduced invertebrate predation and interspecific competition. This balance between negative and positive effects of salinity is probably more positive under natural conditions, explaining the success of M. micrura in Cabiúnas lagoon under mild salinity conditions. Although salinity negatively affects many species living in freshwater systems, slight increases may be beneficial for some species under natural conditions.

Hussain, Abdul, and C. Anilkumar. "Impact of soil salinity on growth performance of the plant Syzygium travancoricum Gamble. in their natural habitat - A critically endangered tree species of Southern Western Ghats." Journal of Non Timber Forest Products 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2015-tq08cx.

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Increased rate of soil salinity caused changes in macro and micro nutrients uptake, which may lead to decline in photosynthesis capacity and respiration in the plant Syzgium travancoricum Gamble. is a critically endangered species located in damp forest with marshy land, where high rate of salt accumulation has been happening. An optimum level of salinity (0.05 - 0.07) is inevitable for the proper growth and survivability of this species in their natural habitat and also for natural regeneration. A range of reduction in the number of existing plants of this species can be seen in their natural habitat due to the salinity stress.

Xie, Ming Xiao, Ting Xu, and Yin Cai. "Numerical Simulation of the Salty Water Intrusion after the Construction of Houshan Reservoir, China." Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (August 2014): 1070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1070.

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The seawater intrusion of the Gou River, China and the impact of Houshan Reservoir are studied using numerical simulations. The results show that the natural seawater intrusion length is 1.66km for Gou River estuary, and once the Houshan reservoir is constructed the intrusion length increases to 1.98km, which is 0.32km longer than the natural condition. At present, the highest salinity at the estuary is around 18‰, and recovers to fresh water environment in 3.0km. After the construction of the reservoir, the salinity value increase to 20‰ at the estuary. To around 2.0km from the estuary, the salinity recovers to the natural condition.

Lee, Carol Eunmi. "Ion Transporter Gene Families as Physiological Targets of Natural Selection During Salinity Transitions in a Copepod." Physiology 36, no. 6 (November 1, 2021): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiol.00009.2021.

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Salinity is a key factor that structures biodiversity on the planet. With anthropogenic change, such as climate change and species invasions, many populations are facing rapid and dramatic changes in salinity throughout the globe. Studies on the copepod Eurytemora affinis species complex have implicated ion transporter gene families as major loci contributing to salinity adaptation during freshwater invasions. Laboratory experiments and population genomic surveys of wild populations have revealed evolutionary shifts in genome-wide gene expression and parallel genomic signatures of natural selection during independent salinity transitions. Our results suggest that balancing selection in the native range and epistatic interactions among specific ion transporter paralogs could contribute to parallel freshwater adaptation. Overall, these studies provide unprecedented insights into evolutionary mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation during rapid salinity change.

Kılıc, Orhan Mete, Mesut Budak, Elif Gunal, Nurullah Acır, Rares Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Saleh Alfarraj, and Mohammad Javed Ansari. "Soil salinity assessment of a natural pasture using remote sensing techniques in central Anatolia, Turkey." PLOS ONE 17, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): e0266915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266915.

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Soil salinity is a major land degradation process reducing biological productivity in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, its effective monitoring and management is inevitable. Recent developments in remote sensing technology have made it possible to accurately identify and effectively monitor soil salinity. Hence, this study determined salinity levels of surface soils in 2650 ha agricultural and natural pastureland located in an arid region of central Anatolia, Turkey. The relationship between electrical conductivity (EC) values of 145 soil samples and the dataset created using Landsat 5 TM satellite image was investigated. Remote sensing dataset for 23 variables, including visible, near infrared (NIR) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral ranges, salinity, and vegetation indices were created. The highest correlation between EC values and remote sensing dataset was obtained in SWIR1 band (r = -0.43). Linear regression analysis was used to reveal the relationship between six bands and indices selected from the variables with the highest correlations. Coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.19) results indicated that models obtained using satellite image did not provide reliable results in determining soil salinity. Microtopography is the major factor affecting spatial distribution of soil salinity and caused heterogeneous distribution of salts on surface soils. Differences in salt content of soils caused heterogeneous distribution of halophytes and led to spectral complexity. The dark colored slickpots in small-scale depressions are common features of sodic soils, which are responsible for spectral complexity. In addition, low spatial resolution of Landsat 5 TM images is another reason decreasing the reliability of models in determining soil salinity.

Šlekienė, Violeta, Loreta Ragulienė, and Vincentas Lamanauskas. "NATURAL SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS INTEGRATION POSSIBILITIES RESEARCHING WATER SALINITY." Natural Science Education in a Comprehensive School (NSECS) 21, no. 1 (April 10, 2015): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu/15.21.60.

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Interdisciplinary natural science education relations are developed mostly between biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics and information technologies. The teachers have to convey education content, consisting of separate concepts, laws, theories as a harmonious whole, revealing interrelation between the analysed phenomena. Organising natural science teaching in this way, the teaching material is reorganised, systemised. Solving interdisciplinary integration problems, active communication and cooperation is going on between individual natural science teachers. Seeking to generally and newly look at the natural science teaching and learning process, grounded on interdisciplinary relations, interdisciplinary experiments are carried out. Water salinity research has been chosen, because in this topic analysis, rather wide integration possibilities are discerned. Physics teacher together with the pupils would deepen the knowledge of conductivity, electrolytes, electric current in the electrolytes, chemistry teachers – of electrolytic dissociation, solution concentration, mathematics teachers - would remember percent calculation, linear equation analysis, biology teachers – about water salinity effect on the man and on the environment surrounding him. In the article, lesson organisation and research performance methodics is discussed, the essence of practical work is explained, tasks and examples are presented. Several different subject (physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics) teachers could participate in the lesson, which could form the conditions not in disintegrated way, but systematically convey the pupils the essence of the analysed phenomenon. Key words: education content, interdisciplinary integration, natural science education, science teachers.

Bolhuis, Henk, Lucas Fillinger, and Lucas J. Stal. "Coastal Microbial Mat Diversity along a Natural Salinity Gradient." PLoS ONE 8, no. 5 (May 21, 2013): e63166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063166.

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Дисертації з теми "Natural salinity":

Bleppony, Rueben Arnoldz. "Increased Salinity of Drilled Wells in Stockholm County – analysis of natural factors." Thesis, KTH, Mark- och vattenteknik (flyttat 20130630), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-171823.

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Almost 50 % of drinking water in Sweden comes from aquifers. The sustainability of groundwater resources in Stockholm County is threatened by increased salinity although most of the drinking water comes from Lake Mälaren. For a region known to be located within the areas covered by seawater after the last glaciation, the health and socio-economic development of the county is in a balance as development plans are challenged by high risk of salt groundwater. It is therefore important to know the extent and spread of salinity within the areas and the factors that correlate well with the salinity in the first attempt to study the risk of the areas to high salt content of groundwater. This paper looks at the distribution of salinity within the county and analyses the correlation between salinity and several natural factors. Using well co-ordinates and chemical data (compiled by Stockholm County Administration), and digital topographical, geological and land use data (from SGU and Swedish Land Survey), it is possible to project and visualize wells and salinity over the area, spatially develop and extract natural factor values to respective wells based on their co-ordinates, and finally perform statistical analyses on a resultant well attributes table, with the aid of Surfer, ArcGIS and Statistica Software. Results showing the spatial distribution of wells’ salinity and graphs of variance between the salinity of wells and respective natural factors of topography, depth, predominant soil cover, land use and distance from the sea, are further discussed.

McNeil, Vivienne Heather. "Assessment methodologies for very large, irregularly collected water quality data sets with special reference to the natural waters of Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.

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Morris, Kay. "Salinity and nutrients : growth and water use of aquatic macrophytes under controlled and natural conditions /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm876.pdf.

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Jahan, Amreen. "The effect of salinity in the flora and fauna of the Sundarbans and the impacts on local livelihood." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-364971.

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Albarracin, Maria Teresa. "Bottom-up and top-down effects on insects herbivores along a natural salinity gradient in a florida salt marsh." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0001002.

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Long, Amy K. "Control of lysogeny in marine bacteria : studies with phiHSIC and natural populations." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001737.

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Bourhane, Zeina. "Anthropogenic impacts on microbial communities in agriculture aride zones." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Pau, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PAUU3071.

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Les milieux aquatiques et ses alentours, dans les régions arides et semi-arides, sont soumis à une forte pression anthropique provenant des activités agricoles et industrielles. Ces zones uniques sont caractérisées par une salinité naturelle et des fluctuations saisonnières drastiques. Cette thèse apporte des informations pour mieux comprendre les facteurs qui influencent les assemblages des communautés microbiennes et leurs adaptations aux polluants dans des conditions environnementales extrêmes, informations permettant de définir des bioindicateurs potentiels. Ces bioindicateurs microbiens constituent des outils prometteurs pour la surveillance environnementale en évaluant le statut écologique et la santé des écosystèmes. Ainsi, ce travail de thèse a pour but de déchiffrer les règles qui affectent les assemblages des communautés microbiennes habitant les sols et les sédiments des zones arides et semi-arides. Nous avons étudié les communautés microbiennes autour du lac Ichkeul (Tunisie) et des "Saladas de Bujaraloz-Sástago" (Salineta, Monegros, Espagne), deux écosystèmes aquatiques emblématiques RAMSAR. Nous avons combiné des approches métagénomiques basées sur le séquençage des gènes 16S rRNA, des analyses chimiques et des indices microbiens pour déterminer les relations entre la composition microbienne et les paramètres environnementaux. Nous avons identifié l'impacts des polluants, tels que les hydrocarbures, les pesticides et les métaux lourds, sur les communautés microbiennes des sols et des sédiments et caractérisé la dynamique des communautés microbiennes en fonction des variations saisonnières. Nous avons défini des bio-indicateurs microbiens pertinents, identifié des taxons microbiens spécialistes particulièrement adaptés aux conditions environnementales, en particulier à la salinité naturelle. Enfin, cette étude ouvre de nouvelles perspectives pour le développement des outils de bio-surveillance, nécessaires pour la gestion et la restauration des écosystèmes aquatiques
Aquatic environments and their surroundings in arid and semi-arid regions are subjected to strong anthropogenic pressure resulting from agriculture and industrial activities. These unique areas are characterized by natural salinity and drastic seasonal fluctuations. The thesis provides information to better understand the factors shaping the microbial communities assemblages and their adaptation to pollutants under extreme environmental conditions, in order to examine the possibility to define microbial bioindicators. Such microbial bioindicators constitute promising tools for a careful environmental monitoring, which is required to evaluate the ecological status and environmental health of ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions. In order to decipher the rules governing the assemblages of microbial communities inhabiting soils and sediments in arid and semi-arid zones, we investigated microbial communities around the Ichkeul Lake (Tunisia) and the “Saladas de Bujaraloz-Sástago” (Salineta, Monegros, Spain), two emblematic aquatic RAMSAR ecosystems. Metagenomic approaches, chemical analyses and integrative microbial indexes were combined to determine the relationships between microbial composition and environmental parameters. We identified the impacts of pollutants such as hydrocarbons, pesticides and heavy metals on microbial communities in soils and sediments and characterized microbial community dynamics according to seasonal variations. We defined relevant microbial bioindicators adapted, identified microbial specialists adapted to the environmental conditions, particularly to natural salinity. Finally, this study provides new insight for developing biomonitoring tools, requested for the management and restoration of aquatic ecosystems

Sehlinger, Troy. "Analysis of temperature and salinity effects on growth and mortality of oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in Louisiana." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2515.

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Salinity (S) and temperature (T) control every facet of the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) life cycle, principally reproduction, development, growth, and mortality. Previous studies conducted in in the Breton Sound (BR) and Barataria (BA) estuaries have reported differences in growth and mortality rates between the basins. In the present study, environmental conditions were synchronized to compare growth and mortality rates between basins at similar combinations of T and S. Results indicate that when T and S are the same (synchronized), seasonal oyster growth and mortality rates differ between BR and BA. Seasonal analyses revealed that as salinities increased in both estuaries, growth rates generally increased, while mortality rates generally decreased. These findings suggest that basin-wide adaptations to local environmental conditions may exist.

Sellami, Jallouli Sahar. "Etude de l'homéostasie des sucres en réponse à une forte salinité chez Arabidopsis thaliana : impact sur l'anatomie des tissus vasculaires dans la hampe florale et rôle dans la tolérance Arabidopsis natural accessions display adaptations in inflorescence growth and vascular anatomy to withstand high salinity during reproductive growth Salinity Effects on Sugar Homeostasis and Vascular Anatomy in the Stem of the Arabidopsis Thaliana Inflorescence." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS549.

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Chez Arabidopsis thaliana au stade reproducteur la hampe florale joue un rôle important dans l’approvisionnement en nutriments par les tissus vasculaires des siliques et des graines. Elle constitue un modèle pour l’étude de l’allocation du carbone et de l’homéostasie des sucres lors de réponse à des stress abiotiques. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier les modifications de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires et de l’homéostasie des sucres dans la hampe florale en réponse au stress salin, avec ou sans acclimatation, afin de comprendre leurs contributions dans les processus adaptatifs et d’acclimatations. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié la variabilité naturelle de la croissance de la hampe florale, de l’accumulation des sucres et de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires dans la hampe florale dans trois accessions d’Arabidopsis thaliana et une espèce halophyte proche « Thellungiella salsuginea ». Cette étude a montré des modifications intervenant dans le développement de la hampe florale, dans l’accumulation des sucres et dans l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires en réponse au stress salin, selon le niveau de tolérance de l’écotype. Nous avons également montré que certaines de ces modifications sont liées aux processus adaptatifs au stress salin. Ces résultats suggèrent que la régulation de la croissance de la hampe florale et l’ajustement de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires contribuent à la tolérance au stress salin. Dans un second temps, nous avons étudié chez l’accession Columbia d’Arabidopsis les modifications du transport et du métabolisme des sucres, en relation avec des changements dans l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires et la composition de la paroi secondaire dans le xylème. Les résultats montrent une accumulation des sucres associée à une dérégulation de gènes qui codent pour le transport et le métabolisme des sucres. Des modifications de l’anatomie des tissus vasculaires et de la composition de la paroi secondaire dans les vaisseaux de xylème ont été aussi observées. Ces résultats suggèrent une régulation de la répartition des sucres dans la hampe florale en réponse au stress salin qui peuvent contribuer à la tolérance au stress. L’ensemble de ces travaux permettent de proposer un modèle des régulations agissant sur l’homéostasie et le transport des sucres en réponse au stress salin dans la hampe florale, même si nos résultats ne permettent pas de conclure si ces processus sont favorables à la production des graines et interviennent dans l’adaptation ou l’acclimatation au stress salin
In Arabidopsis thaliana at the reproductive stage, the inflorescence plays an important role in the supply of nutrients through the vascular tissues of siliques and seeds. It is a model for the study of carbon allocation and sugar homeostasis in response to abiotic stress. The objective of this thesis was to study changes in the anatomy of vascular tissue and homeostasis of sugars in the main floral stem in response to salt stress, with or without acclimation to understand their contributions in the adaptive process and acclimation. First, we studied the natural variability of the growth of the inflorescence, the accumulation of sugars and the anatomy of vascular tissue in the scape in three accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana and related species halophyte «Thellungiella salsuginea ». This study showed changes in floral stem development, sugar accumulation, and vascular tissue anatomy in response to salt stress, depending on the level of tolerance of the ecotype. We have also shown that some of these modifications are related to adaptive processes to salt stress. These results suggest that the regulation of growth of the inflorescence and the adjustment of the anatomy of vascular tissues contribute to salt stress tolerance. Secondly, we studied changes of sugar transport and metabolism in Columbia accession of Arabidopsis thaliana in relation to changes in the anatomy of the vascular tissue and the composition of the secondary wall in xylem. The results show an accumulation of sugars associated with a deregulation of genes that encode for the sugar transport and metabolism. Changes in vascular tissue anatomy and in the composition of secondary wall in xylem vessels have also been observed. These results suggest a regulation of the distribution of sugars in the stem in response to salt stress that may contribute to stress tolerance. All of this work makes it possible to propose a model of the regulations acting on the homeostasis and the transport of sugars in response to salt stress in the floral stem, even if our results do not allow concluding if these processes are favorable to the production seeds and intervene in adaptation or acclimation to salt stress

Wallin, Isa. "Why are fish in the Baltic Sea so small? : A study of somatic and gonad growth in relation to salinity in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-230310.

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It has been shown that fish of both marine and limnetic origin display increased growth at intermediate salinities. Furthermore, it has been shown that fish in the brackish water Baltic Sea are smaller compared to their conspecifics in the Atlantic, where salinities are higher. Also, it has been suggested that fish produce more eggs at the edges of their distribution range as a response to inferior environmental conditions. In this study, I investigated if there is a trade-off in energy investment between somatic and gonad growth in relation to salinity. To do this, I performed a growth experiment and a literature review. In the growth experiment, juvenile turbot were reared in salinities of 6, 10.5, 15 and 30 ‰. I found that turbot juveniles from Gotland grew equally well in all salinities investigated. In the literature review, data from the Baltic Sea was tested against data from the North and Black Seas. Data of turbot total energy investment (somatic and gonad growth) was analyzed. I found that energy content at age differed significantly between the populations investigated with lower energy content for the Baltic Sea populations. Also, growth rate in relation to energy content (size) was analyzed for the different populations, but no difference for growth rate in relation to energy content occurred. The result of the analysis of growth rate indicates that the change in allocated energy is the same, regardless of population, and thus that fish from the Baltic Sea display growth rates similar to those of other populations. It was also established that energy investment in gonads increased along with decreasing salinities. The smaller size of turbot in the Baltic Sea is therefore probably the result of a difference in size at maturity, possibly because less energy is allocated to somatic growth and more energy to start producing eggs. It is probably also the consequence of that the Baltic Sea turbot, post sexual maturity, continue to invest more energy in egg production.

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Книги з теми "Natural salinity":

United States. General Accounting Office., ed. Water quality: Information on salinity control projects in the Colorado River Basin : statement of James Duffus, III, Director, Natural Resources Management Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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United States. General Accounting Office, ed. Water quality: Information on salinity control projects in the Colorado River Basin : statement of James Duffus, III, Director, Natural Resources Management Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development Division, before the Subcommittee on Water and Power Resources, Committee on Resources, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1995.

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1954-, Beresford Quentin, ed. The salinity crisis: Landscapes, communities and politics. Crawley, W.A: University of Western Australia Press, 2004.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Subcommittee on Water and Power. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Nueces River project, and Colorado River Salinity Control Act: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session on S. 2259, S. 2236, S. 2319, August 4, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Indian Affairs., ed. Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Nuece River project, and Colorado River Salinity Control Act: Joint hearing before the Subcommittee on Water and Power of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Indian Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Third Congress, second session on S. 2259, S. 2236, S. 2319, August 4, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1995.

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Zinck, Alfred, and Graciela Metternicht. Remote Sensing of Soil Salinization: Impact on Land Management. Taylor & Francis Group, 2009.

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Remote sensing of soil salinization: Impact on land management. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

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Zinck, Alfred, and Graciela Metternicht. Remote Sensing of Soil Salinization: Impact and Land Management. CRC, 2008.

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Kirchman, David L. Community structure of microbes in natural environments. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0004.

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Community structure refers to the taxonomic types of microbes and their relative abundance in an environment. This chapter focuses on bacteria with a few words about fungi; protists and viruses are discussed in Chapters 9 and 10. Traditional methods for identifying microbes rely on biochemical testing of phenotype observable in the laboratory. Even for cultivated microbes and larger organisms, the traditional, phenotype approach has been replaced by comparing sequences of specific genes, those for 16S rRNA (archaea and bacteria) or 18S rRNA (microbial eukaryotes). Cultivation-independent approaches based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing have revealed that natural microbial communities have a few abundant types and many rare ones. These organisms differ substantially from those that can be grown in the laboratory using cultivation-dependent approaches. The abundant types of microbes found in soils, freshwater lakes, and oceans all differ. Once thought to be confined to extreme habitats, Archaea are now known to occur everywhere, but are particularly abundant in the deep ocean, where they make up as much as 50% of the total microbial abundance. Dispersal of bacteria and other small microbes is thought to be easy, leading to the Bass Becking hypothesis that “everything is everywhere, but the environment selects.” Among several factors known to affect community structure, salinity and temperature are very important, as is pH especially in soils. In addition to bottom-up factors, both top-down factors, grazing and viral lysis, also shape community structure. According to the Kill the Winner hypothesis, viruses select for fast-growing types, allowing slower growing defensive specialists to survive. Cultivation-independent approaches indicate that fungi are more diverse than previously appreciated, but they are less diverse than bacteria, especially in aquatic habitats. The community structure of fungi is affected by many of the same factors shaping bacterial community structure, but the dispersal of fungi is more limited than that of bacteria. The chapter ends with a discussion about the relationship between community structure and biogeochemical processes. The value of community structure information varies with the process and the degree of metabolic redundancy among the community members for the process.

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Частини книг з теми "Natural salinity":

Millour, M., and J. P. Gagné. "Sorption Between Humic Substances and Marine Microalgae in Estuaries: Effects of Microalgae Species, pH and Salinity." In Functions of Natural Organic Matter in Changing Environment, 823–27. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5634-2_149.

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Toderich, K. N., E. V. Shuyskaya, T. F. Rajabov, Shoaib Ismail, M. Shaumarov, Kawabata Yoshiko, and E. V. Li. "Uzbekistan: Rehabilitation of Desert Rangelands Affected by Salinity, to Improve Food Security, Combat Desertification and Maintain the Natural Resource Base." In Combating Desertification in Asia, Africa and the Middle East, 249–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6652-5_13.

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Gevera, Patrick Kirita, Mark Cave, Kim Dowling, Peter Gikuma-Njuru, and Hassina Mouri. "A Review on the Occurrence of Some Potentially Harmful Elements in the Natural Environment and Their Health Implications: Examples of Fluoride, Iron and Salinity in the South-Eastern Kenya Region." In Practical Applications of Medical Geology, 637–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53893-4_19.

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Chakma, Nidhi, Moutoshi Chakraborty, Salma Bhyan, and Mobashwer Alam. "Molecular breeding for combating salinity stress in sorghum: progress and prospects." In Molecular breeding in wheat, maize and sorghum: strategies for improving abiotic stress tolerance and yield, 421–32. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245431.0024.

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Abstract This chapter discusses current progress and prospects of molecular breeding and strategies for developing better saline-tolerant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties. Most molecular breeding techniques for salt tolerance have been carried out in controlled environments where the plants were not exposed to any variation of the surrounding environment, producing reliable results. Due to the polygenic nature of salt tolerance, the identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) could be false QTLs. Therefore, QTL validation is important in different plant populations and field conditions. Subsequently, marker validation is important before utilizing marker-assisted selection for screening salt-tolerant plants. Combining molecular breeding with conventional breeding can hasten the development of salt-tolerant sorghum varieties.

Idowu Ojo, Olumuyiwa, and Masengo Francois Ilunga. "Use of Geoinformatics Techniques for the Assessment and Mapping of Soil Salinity: Concepts and Applications." In Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92443.

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Irrigated agriculture has a major impact on the environment, especially soil degradation. Soil salinity is a critical environmental problem, which has great impact on soil fertility and overall agricultural productivity. Since, soil salinity processes are highly dynamic, the methods of detecting soil salinity hazards should also be dynamic. Remote sensing data are modern tools that provide information on variation over time essential for environmental monitoring and change detection, as they also help in the reduction of conventional time-consuming and expensive field sampling methods, which is the traditional method of monitoring and assessment. This chapter thus reviewed the concepts and applications of remote sensing, GIS-assisted spatial analysis and modelling of the salinity issue in irrigation fields. Generally, compared to the labour, time and money invested in field work devoted to collecting soil salinity data and analysis, the availability and ease of acquiring satellite imagery data and analysis made this concept very attractive and efficient.

" Risk of increase of natural salinity." In Major Soil Groups of the World, 454–56. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12931-66.

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Rashid Ahmad, Sajid, Sana Ashraf, and Humaira Nawaz. "Interactive Effect of Organic and Inorganic Amendments along with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Ameliorating Salinity Stress in Maize." In Landraces - Traditional Variety and Natural Breed. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99063.

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Saline soil is one of the common environmental issues that negatively affects the soil quality of agricultural lands. It reduces the plant growth and productivity worldwide. Soil Salinity and sodicity affecting land about 1128 million hectares globally determined by recent researches. The most important salt-sensitive cereal crops in the world are Maize (Zea mays L.) For food security, its need of hour to securing attainable production of maize crop in the salt affected soils. To reduce negative impacts of saline soil on plant growth, sustainable approaches such as organic amendments like press mud and inorganic amendments like silicon can be applied. For increasing crop productivity, plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) which are salt-tolerant in saline agriculture can also be applied. In this book chapter interactive effect of different organic and inorganic amendments and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to reduce salinity stress on maize has been discussed.

Khai, Huynh Viet. "Climate Change and Profit Loss." In Advanced Integrated Approaches to Environmental Economics and Policy, 105–19. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9562-5.ch006.

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The chapter aims to evaluate the profit loss of rice farmers due to salinity intrusion by collecting the information of rice production in three regions with the same natural environment conditions, social characteristics (e.g., the same social and farming culture, ethnicity, type of soil), and only differed with respect to the level of salinity in Soc Trang province, one of the most salinity-affected areas in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The study estimated the profit loss in rice production due to saltwater intrusion by the difference in rice profit between the non-salinity and salinity regions and showed this loss was about VND 9.3-15.1 million per ha-1 a year.

"Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed." In Early Life History of Fishes in the San Francisco Estuary and Watershed, edited by Frederick J. Griffin, Melissa R. Brenner, Heather M. Brown, Edmund H. Smith, Carol A. Vines, and Gary N. Cherr. American Fisheries Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569599.ch3.

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<em>Abstract.</em>—The importance of salinity to reproduction in Pacific herring <em>Clupea pallasi </em>was examined by studies of survivability at three salinities—4‰, 16‰, and 32 ‰—for yolk sac (0–2, 4–6, and 8–10 d posthatch) larvae that were obtained from in vitro fertilizations of gametes from San Francisco Bay fish. Posthatch age (up to 10 d) did not influence sensitivity to salinity. Greater than 68% of low salinity tolerant larvae, in all three posthatch age-groups, survived 7 d in 4‰ and 16‰, while only 0–31% survived in 32‰ salinity. Salinity during embryonic development and timing within the reproductive season were factors in determining salinity tolerance of larvae. Low salinity tolerant larvae raised through embryonic development in 4‰ or 16‰ had significantly higher mortality in 32‰ than in either 4‰ or 16‰. Larvae from embryos raised in 32‰ had elevated mortality regardless of larval culture salinity; mortality in these larvae was also greater than that of 4‰ or 16‰ raised larvae that had been kept in the lower salinity waters. Two different regimes of salinity tolerance were observed in larvae during the 2002–2003 reproductive season; cohorts produced during January and February had higher survival in 32‰ than 4‰, denoted as high salinity tolerant larvae. Those from March reproduction survived better in 4‰ than 32‰, denoted as low salinity tolerant larvae. Lastly, salinity tolerances of larvae were similar regardless of whether they were produced from in vitro fertilizations or from natural spawns in San Francisco Bay.

Lovvorn, James R., and E. Andrew Hart. "6. Irrigation, Salinity, and Landscape Patterns of Natural Palustrine Wetlands." In Wetland and Riparian Areas of the Intermountain West, 105–29. University of Texas Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/702486-008.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Natural salinity":

Rahmawati, Nini, Rosmayati, Delvian, Mohammad Basyuni, and Hirosuke Oku. "Evaluation of Resistance Improvement of Soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merr.) against Salinity using Mass Selection and Gene Expression of Salinity Tolerant." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008387500300037.

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Siregar, Dolly Sojuangan, Mohammad Basyuni, and Rahmah Hayati. "Protein Induced as Salinity Stress in Elaeis guineensis Jacq." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008526301120115.

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Yunasfi, Dinda Dwi Utami Sirait, and Budi Utomo. "Rhizophora mucronata Leaf Litter Decomposition by Fungi on Various Level of Salinity in Belawan." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008553603090315.

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Al Ghazawi, Ziad Deeb, and Esra�a Omar Al Diabat. "SALINITY REMOVAL OF RECLAIMED WASTEWATER USING NATURAL AND MODIFIED ZEOLITE AND NANO ZEOLITE PARTICLES." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/1.1/s02.018.

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Wastewater treatment and desalination are considered important solutions to meet the water scarcity in Jordan. The irrigation with reclaimed wastewater, that usually has elevated salinity levels, may adversely change soil structure, stability, and hydraulic properties. Water traditional desalination techniques require huge energy and capital investments. Zeolites in normal and nano scales enhance the desalination process performance and reduce its economic and energy requirements. In this study, batch experiments were conducted to investigate the salinity removal of reclaimed wastewater by using natural zeolite (Clinoptilolite), acid-treated zeolite as well as zeolites nanoparticles. The effect of salt�s initial concentrations, adsorbents mass, and pH on the adsorption process was determined. The results showed that potassium concentration was reduced by 75%, 76%, 81%, and 86% by using 5 g of natural zeolite, nano zeolite, acid-treated zeolite, and acid-treated nano zeolite, respectively. Also, water salinity was reduced by 17%, 12%, 18%, and 23% by using natural zeolite, nano zeolite, acid-treated zeolite, and acid-treated nano zeolite, respectively. It was observed that the nano zeolite performance was worse compared to the other zeolite types, but the acid treatment significantly enhanced the nano zeolite performance. Also, the highest removal efficiencies of potassium ions were achieved at neutral to slightly acidic pH (5-7). On the other hand, the nature of the adsorption process of salts onto zeolites surfaces was favorable and referred to a physical process. The kinetic adsorption was rapid and achieved within 5-10 minutes. It was found that the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherms and pseudo second order kinetic model were well fitted to the experimental data. It was concluded that the zeolite and its modified form in normal and nano scales can be widely used for salinity removal of reclaimed wastewater as effective adsorbents.

Nazemi, Mohammadreza, Jiankai Zhang, and Marta Hatzell. "Harvesting Natural Salinity Gradient Energy for Hydrogen Production Through Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) Power Generation." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59565.

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There is an enormous potential for energy generation from the mixing of sea and river water at global estuaries. If technologies are developed which are capable of converting this energy into a usable form (electricity or fuels), salinity gradient energy may be able to dramatically increase the worlds supply of renewable energy. Here we present a novel approach to convert this source of energy directly into hydrogen and electricity using Reverse Electrodialysis (RED). RED relies on converting ionic current to electric current using multiple membranes and redox based electrodes. A thermodynamic model for RED is created to evaluate the electricity and hydrogen which can be extracted from natural mixing processes. With equal volumes of HC and LC solutions (0.001m3), the maximum energy extracted is found to occur with 5 number of membrane pairs. At this operating point, 0.4 kWh/m3 can be extracted as electrical energy and 0.95 kWh/m3 of energy is extracted as hydrogen energy. The electrical energy conversion efficiency approaches 15%, whereas the hydrogen energy efficiency is 35%. Overall, the maximum system conversion of Gibbs free energy to electrical and hydrogen energy approaches 50%. The results show that as the number of membrane pairs increases from 5 to 20, the hydrogen power density decreases from 13.2 W/m2 to 3.7 W/m2. Likewise, the power density from electrical energy decreases from 1 W/m2 to 0.3 W/m2. This is because of increase in the total membrane area as increasing the number of membrane pairs. The stack voltage increased from 1.5V to 6V as the number of membrane pairs is increased from 5 to 20. This corresponds to an increase in internal resistance from 600 Ω.cm2 to 2400 Ω.cm2. Long term trade-off between improving the system voltage, while decreasing the system resistance will be crucial for improved long term RED performance. Furthermore, optimum operation of RED, depends on proper selection of external resistance. A small external resistance will increase hydrogen energy and decrease electrical energy, particularly using a small number of membrane pairs. With the fixed small external resistance, as increasing the number of membrane pairs, the difference between internal and external resistance increases. Therefore, the load potential and current density do not increase considerably. For the cases analyzed with 8.29 Ω.cm2 external resistance, the maximum current density increases from 11.1 mA/cm2 to 12.4 mA/cm2 as the number of membrane pairs increases from 5 to 20. Likewise, the load potential rises from 92 mV to 102 mV.

Hill, K., T. Dauphinee, and D. Woods. "The Uniqueness of the Practical Salinity Scale (1978): Testing the Scale with Natural Seawaters." In OCEANS '87. IEEE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1987.1160876.

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Nelson, Holden, and Aaron Reyes. "IDENTIFYING SOURCES OF SALINITY IN THE WESTFIELD RIVER: A HYDROGEOCHEMICAL CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL WATERS." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-381390.

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P.W. Sukma, Kelik, Budi Setiadi Daryono, Isdiana Suprapti, and Purnomo Purnomo. "Salinity Resistance of Seven Varieties of Madura Corns on Early Stage of Growth." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Food, Agriculture and Natural Resources (FANRes 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/fanres-18.2018.37.

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Collini, H., and M. Jackson. "Zeta Potential in Intact Natural Carbonates at Reservoir Conditions and Implications for Controlled Salinity Waterflooding." In 82nd EAGE Annual Conference & Exhibition. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.202012078.

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Hongyan, Cai, Wang Qiang, Fan Jian, Liu Wanlu, Luo Wenli, Gao Ming, and Wang Zhengbo. "Surfactant Derived from Natural Renewable Product for SP Flooding in High Temperature, Low Salinity Reservoir." In SPE Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Annual Technical Symposium and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/182770-ms.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Natural salinity":

Moores, Lee, Stacy Jones, Garrett George, David Henderson, and Timothy Schutt. Photo degradation kinetics of insensitive munitions constituents nitroguanidine, nitrotriazolone, and dinitroanisole in natural waters. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41900.

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Herein the matrix effects on the kinetics of aqueous photolysis for the individual munitions constituents of IMX-101: nitroguanidine (NQ), dinitroanisole (DNAN), and nitrotriazolone (NTO) are reported along with the environmentally relevant kinetics and quantum yields. Photolysis potentially represents a major degradation pathway for these munitions in the environment and further understanding the complex matrices effects on photolytic kinetics was needed. Aqueous systems are of particular interest due to the high solubility of NQ (3,800 ppm) and NTO (16,642 ppm) compared to the traditional munitions trinitrotoluene (TNT, 100.5 ppm) and 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX, 59.9 ppm). Environmental half-lives (and quantum yields) were found to be 0.44 days, 0.83 days, and 4.4 days for NQ, DNAN, and NTO, respectively, under natural sunlight. In laboratory experiments using nominally 300 nm bulbs in a merry-go-round style reactor in DI water the relative rate of photolysis for the three munitions constituents followed the same order NQ > DNAN > NTO, where DNAN and NTO reacted 57 and 115 times more slowly, respectively, than NQ. In the various environmentally relevant matrices tested in the laboratory experiments NQ was not significantly affected, DNAN showed a faster degradation with increasing ionic strength, and NTO showed a modest salinity and pH dependence on its rate of photolysis.

Freeman, Stanley, Russell Rodriguez, Adel Al-Abed, Roni Cohen, David Ezra, and Regina Redman. Use of fungal endophytes to increase cucurbit plant performance by conferring abiotic and biotic stress tolerance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7613893.bard.

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Major threats to agricultural sustainability in the 21st century are drought, increasing temperatures, soil salinity and soilborne pathogens, all of which are being exacerbated by climate change and pesticide abolition and are burning issues related to agriculture in the Middle East. We have found that Class 2 fungal endophytes adapt native plants to environmental stresses (drought, heat and salt) in a habitat-specific manner, and that these endophytes can confer stress tolerance to genetically distant monocot and eudicot hosts. In the past, we generated a uv non-pathogenic endophytic mutant of Colletotrichum magna (path-1) that colonized cucurbits, induced drought tolerance and enhanced growth, and protected 85% - 100% against disease caused by certain pathogenic fungi. We propose: 1) utilizing path-1 and additional endophtyic microorganisms to be isolated from stress-tolerant local, wild cucurbit watermelon, Citrulluscolocynthis, growing in the Dead Sea and Arava desert areas, 2) generate abiotic and biotic tolerant melon crop plants, colonized by the isolated endophytes, to increase crop yields under extreme environmental conditions such as salinity, heat and drought stress, 3) manage soilborne fungal pathogens affecting curubit crop species growing in the desert areas. This is a unique and novel "systems" approach that has the potential to utilize natural plant adaptation for agricultural development. We envisage that endophyte-colonized melons will eventually be used to overcome damages caused by soilborne diseases and also for cultivation of this crop, under stress conditions, utilizing treated waste water, thus dealing with the limited resource of fresh water.

Eisemann, Eve, Catherine Thomas, Matthew Balazik, Damarys Acevedo-Mackey, and Safra Altman. Environmental factors affecting coastal and estuarine submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42185.

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Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) growing in estuarine and coastal marine systems provides crucial ecosystem functions ranging from sediment stabilization to habitat and food for specific species. SAV systems, however, are sensitive to a number of environmental factors, both anthropogenic and natural. The most common limiting factors are light limitation, water quality, and salinity, as reported widely across the literature. These factors are controlled by a number of complex processes, however, varying greatly between systems and SAV populations. This report seeks to conduct an exhaustive examination of factors influencing estuarine and coastal marine SAV habitats and find the common threads that tie these ecosystems together. Studies relating SAV habitats in the United States to a variety of factors are reviewed here, including geomorphological and bathymetric characteristics, sediment dynamics, sedimentological characteristics, and water quality, as well as hydrologic regime and weather. Tools and methods used to assess each of these important factors are also reviewed. A better understanding of fundamental environmental factors that control SAV growth will provide crucial information for coastal restoration and engineering project planning in areas populated by SAVs.