Статті в журналах: "NBPHS"

1

Kelly, James A. "NBPTS President Responds." English Journal 85, no. 3 (March 1996): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/820095.

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2

Frank, Kenneth A., Gary Sykes, Dorothea Anagnostopoulos, Marisa Cannata, Linda Chard, Ann Krause, and Raven McCrory. "Does NBPTS Certification Affect the Number of Colleagues a Teacher Helps With Instructional Matters?" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 30, no. 1 (March 2008): 3–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373707313781.

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In addition to identifying and developing superior classroom teaching, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certification process is intended to identify and cultivate teachers who are more engaged in their schools. Here the authors ask, “Does NBPTS certification affect the number of colleagues a teacher helps with instructional matters?” If so, this could enhance the influence of NBPTS-certified teachers and their contributions to their professional communities. Using sociometric data within 47 elementary schools from two states, the authors find that NBPTS-certified teachers were nominated more as providing help with instruction than non-NBPTS-certified teachers. From analyses using propensity score weighting, the authors then infer that NBPTS certification affects the number of colleagues a teacher helps with instructional matters. The authors then quantify the robustness of their inference in terms of internal and external validity, finding, for example, that any omitted confounding variable would have to have an impact six times larger than that of their strongest covariate to invalidate their inference. Therefore, the potential value added by NBPTS-certified teachers as help providers has policy and practice implications in an era when teacher leadership has risen to the fore as a critical force for school improvement.

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3

Ali, Md Sarafat, and Kwang-Hyun Baek. "Silencing of the Phytoene desaturase gene mitigates oxidative stress through the accumulation of free amino acids." Bangladesh Journal of Botany 49, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 927–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v49i4.52499.

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Phytoene desaturase (PDS) is a rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which converts phytoene to zeta-carotene in a two-step desaturation reaction. Transiently blocked carotenogenesis by silencing the PDS gene in Nicotiana benthamiana (NbPDS) using the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technique was used. Silencing of NbPDS induced dwarfism and an albino-type leaf trait in N. benthamiana. The NbPDS-silenced leaves accumulated free amino acids in amounts 9.5-folds greater than those of the GFP-silenced control leaves, but contained only 59.6% of total soluble proteins. When treatment with 10 and 100 μM paraquat was carried out to induce oxidative stress, NbPDS-silenced N. benthamiana demonstrated more resistance at both concentrations compared to the control plants. These data strongly suggest that high concentrations of free amino acids occur because they are inadequately incorporated into proteins of the NbPDS-silenced plants, but reduce injury inflicted by oxidative stress even without the assistance of important antioxidants like carotenoids.

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4

Burroughs, Robert, Tammy A. Schwartz, and Martha Hendricks-Lee. "Communities of Practice and Discourse Communities: Negotiating Boundaries in NBPTS Certification." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 102, no. 2 (February 2000): 344–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810010200204.

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Certification from the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) offers experienced teachers opportunities through a written portfolio to “match” their practice to the Board's standards. In creating standards and requiring teachers to argue in writing that they have realized the standards in their teaching, the NBPTS may offer a national discourse about teaching, and as such may form a “discourse community.” However, since teachers’ working knowledge is local, contextualized, personal, and oral, teachers may find difficulties in entering such a discourse. Using interviews and qualitative analysis, this study of four teachers applying for NBPTS certification found that teachers have difficulty representing their knowledge about practice in writing. Those candidates who were most successful were able to assume the NBPTS discourse values, which may be at odds with teachers’ “working knowledge.”

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5

Caraglia, Michele, Daniele Santini, Monica Marra, Bruno Vincenzi, Giuseppe Tonini, and Alfredo Budillon. "Emerging anti-cancer molecular mechanisms of aminobisphosphonates." Endocrine-Related Cancer 13, no. 1 (March 2006): 7–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/erc.1.01094.

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Bone metastases are common in patients with many types of cancer, especially breast and prostate cancer — in which the incidence is approximately 70% among patients with advanced metastatic disease. Aminobisphosphonates (NBPs) have entered clinical practice in the treatment of bone metastases from several neoplasms, including breast and prostate adenocarcinoma, as a result of their anti-resorption properties. However, evidence has accumulated on the direct anti-tumour effects of NBPs. This review describes the metabolic pathways that are putative molecular targets of NBPs and that are involved in the prenylation processes of several intracellular small GTP-binding proteins (ras family related proteins). The latter regulate the intracellular survival and proliferative pathways of tumour cells and could be the intracellular molecular targets of the NBPs responsible for the direct anti-cancer effects, even if definitive conclusions cannot be drawn at present. Different mechanisms have been reported to account for the anti-neoplastic action of NBPs, including: the induction of apoptosis; cell cycle perturbations; and anti-invasive, anti-migration and anti-angiogenic effects. Moreover, this review describes the most important clinical studies that demonstrate the activity of NBPs in preventing skeletal-related events induced by bone metastases. The main pharmacokinetic pitfalls of NBPs are described, and methods of overcoming these pitfalls through the use of liposome vehicles are proposed. Finally, the principal pre-clinical studies on the interaction between NBPs and other biological agents are also described; these studies may enable reductions in the in vivo NBP concentrations required to achieve anti-tumour activity. To date, however, the real molecular targets of NBPs are not completely known and new technological platforms are required in order to detect them and to develop new anti-cancer strategies based on the use of NBPs.

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6

Suzuki, Keiko, Sadaaki Takeyama, Shinobu Murakami, Masahiro Nagaoka, Mirei Chiba, Kaoru Igarashi, and Hisashi Shinoda. "Structure-Dependent Effects of Bisphosphonates on Inflammatory Responses in Cultured Neonatal Mouse Calvaria." Antioxidants 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 503. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060503.

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Bisphosphonates (BPs) are classified into two groups, according to their side chain structures, as nitrogen-containing BPs (NBPs) and non-nitrogen-containing BPs (non-NBPs). In this study, we examined the effects of NBPs and non-NBPs on inflammatory responses, by quantifying the inflammatory mediators, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and nitric oxide (NO), in cultured neonatal mouse calvaria. All examined NBPs (pamidronate, alendronate, incadronate, risedronate, zoledronate) stimulated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced PGE2 and NO production by upregulating COX-2 and iNOS mRNA expression, whereas non-NBPs (etidronate, clodronate, tiludronate) suppressed PGE2 and NO production, by downregulating gene expression. Additionally, [4-(methylthio) phenylthio] methane bisphosphonate (MPMBP), a novel non-NBP with an antioxidant methylthio phenylthio group in its side chain, exhibited the most potent anti-inflammatory activity among non-NBPs. Furthermore, results of immunohistochemistry showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-κB/p65 and tyrosine nitration of cytoplasmic protein were stimulated by zoledronate, while MPMBP inhibited these phenomena, by acting as a superoxide anion (O2−) scavenger. These findings indicate that MPMBP can act as an efficacious agent that causes fewer adverse effects in patients with inflammatory bone diseases, including periodontitis and rheumatoid arthritis.

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7

Goldhaber, Dan, and Michael Hansen. "National Board Certification and Teachers' Career Paths: Does NBPTS Certification Influence How Long Teachers Remain in the Profession and Where They Teach?" Education Finance and Policy 4, no. 3 (July 2009): 229–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2009.4.3.229.

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Investment in the certification of teachers by the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) represents a significant policy initiative for the nation's public school teachers. This article investigates the potential impact of NBPTS certification on teachers' career paths. Using a competing risks model on data from North Carolina public schools, we find evidence that those teachers who apply to NBPTS are more likely to be mobile than are nonapplicants, particularly after they have gone through the certification process. Regression discontinuity estimates suggest that National Board–certified teachers are more likely than unsuccessful applicants to leave the North Carolina public school system and that this appears to result from certified teachers exiting high-minority schools, particularly Charlotte-Mecklenburg schools.

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8

Yang, Shu, Xiaoxi Liu, and Raymond T. Ng. "ProbeRating: a recommender system to infer binding profiles for nucleic acid-binding proteins." Bioinformatics 36, no. 18 (June 23, 2020): 4797–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa580.

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Abstract Motivation The interaction between proteins and nucleic acids plays a crucial role in gene regulation and cell function. Determining the binding preferences of nucleic acid-binding proteins (NBPs), namely RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and transcription factors (TFs), is the key to decipher the protein–nucleic acids interaction code. Today, available NBP binding data from in vivo or in vitro experiments are still limited, which leaves a large portion of NBPs uncovered. Unfortunately, existing computational methods that model the NBP binding preferences are mostly protein specific: they need the experimental data for a specific protein in interest, and thus only focus on experimentally characterized NBPs. The binding preferences of experimentally unexplored NBPs remain largely unknown. Results Here, we introduce ProbeRating, a nucleic acid recommender system that utilizes techniques from deep learning and word embeddings of natural language processing. ProbeRating is developed to predict binding profiles for unexplored or poorly studied NBPs by exploiting their homologs NBPs which currently have available binding data. Requiring only sequence information as input, ProbeRating adapts FastText from Facebook AI Research to extract biological features. It then builds a neural network-based recommender system. We evaluate the performance of ProbeRating on two different tasks: one for RBP and one for TF. As a result, ProbeRating outperforms previous methods on both tasks. The results show that ProbeRating can be a useful tool to study the binding mechanism for the many NBPs that lack direct experimental evidence. and implementation Availability and implementation The source code is freely available at <https://github.com/syang11/ProbeRating>. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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9

Helms, Ronald G. "NBPTS: The Highest Form of Certification." Kappa Delta Pi Record 38, no. 1 (October 2001): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2001.10518509.

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10

Tirado-Kulieva, Vicente Amirpasha, Manuel Sánchez-Chero, Denesy Pelagia Palacios Jimenez, José Sánchez-Chero, Abraham Guillermo Ygnacio Santa Cruz, Hans Himbler Minchán Velayarce, Luis Antonio Pozo Suclupe, and Luis Omar Carbajal Garcia. "A Critical Review on The Integration of Metal Nanoparticles in Biopolymers: An Alternative for Active and Sustainable Food Packaging." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.1.01.

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The use of plastic polymers in food packaging causes serious environmental and health problems and as a result, natural biopolymers are being developed (NBPs). Although NBPs have several shortcomings as a packaging material, these can be overcome with the help of nanotechnology. In this context, this review will report on the main findings about the effect of the integration of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) on the characteristics of NBPs. A systematic review was carried out using PRISMA methodology to select relevant studies from the last 5 years. According to the analysis performed, MNPs provide NBPs with a broad spectrum against bacteria, fungi and even viruses of interest. MNPs have also been shown to improve the physical, mechanical, optical, antioxidant and barrier characteristics of NBPs. MNPs are used at low concentrations (generally 0.5 to 5%) and this avoids their potential toxicity. MNPs are shown to be efficient materials to obtain bionanocomposites suitable for active food packaging. Studies focusing on the control of the antimicrobial effect of MNPs on desirable microorganisms are suggested. In addition, further studies on the evaluation of the potential toxicity of MNPs are needed to ensure food quality and safety.

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11

Wang, San-Fu, Hua-Pin Chen, Yitsen Ku, and Wei-Yuan Chen. "Isomorphic Circuits of Independent Amplitude Tunable Voltage-Mode Bandpass Filters and Quadrature Sinusoidal Oscillators." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 12, 2021): 7431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167431.

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This paper presents isomorphic circuits of voltage-mode (VM) non-inverting bandpass filters (NBPFs) and VM quadrature sinusoidal oscillators (QSOs) with independent amplitude control functionality. The proposed VM NBPFs and VM QSOs exhibit low-output impedance and independent amplitude control, which are important for easily cascading the VM operation and independent control of the amplitude gain. The proposed isomorphic circuits employ three LT1228 commercial integrated circuits (ICs), two grounded capacitors, two grounded resistors and one floating resistor. The use of grounded capacitors is beneficial for the implementation of the IC. Both NBPFs have a high-input impedance and have a wide range of independent amplitude tunable passband gain without affecting the quality factor (Q) and center frequency (fo). The Q and fo parameters of the proposed NBPFs are orthogonal tunability. By feeding back each input signal to the output response of the NBPF, two VM fully uncoupled QSOs are also proposed. The proposed VM fully uncoupled QSOs have two quadrature sinusoidal waveforms with two low-output impedances and one independent amplitude tunable sinusoidal waveform. The frequency of oscillation (FO) and the condition of oscillation (CO) are fully uncoupled and controlled electronically. The performances of the proposed isomorphic circuits have been tested with a ±5 volt power supply and are demonstrated by experimental measurements which confirm the theoretical assumptions.

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12

Katz, Vikki S., Matthew D. Matsaganis, and Sandra J. Ball-Rokeach. "Ethnic Media as Partners for Increasing Broadband Adoption and Social Inclusion." Journal of Information Policy 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jinfopoli.2.2012.79.

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Abstract How can the goal of the National Broadband Plan (NBP) to alleviate social disparities be achieved? Katz, Matsaganis and Ball-Rokeach believe that local ethnic media, working with local anchor institutions, are the key to ethnic and minority broadband adoption and social inclusion. The authors illustrate this by showing how ethnic media can help realize the NBP's goals generally, and specifically with regard to developing a National Digital Literacy Corps and an online Digital Literacy Portal. Such media are, however, threatened by ongoing media ownership concentration and the defunding of public media. Sustaining such media, they argue, requires proactive public policy: inclusion in the E-Rate program; help with going online; development grant opportunities; antitrust enforcement; adoption of the NBP's call for a National Digital Literacy Corps and an online Digital Literacy Portal; and more research on the content and contextual features of ethnic media and on how they compare with “mainstream” media. This will accelerate achievement of the NBP's goals.

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13

Tilinin, G. N., A. G. Barsukov, A. H. Vodo, V. M. Kulygin, Yu V. Makarov, V. A. Nikulin, A. A. Panasenkov, N. N. Semashko, V. N. Kuzmin, and A. G. Nechaev. "Neutral beam heating system (NBHS)." Plasma Devices and Operations 1, no. 3-4 (January 1992): 277–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10519999208225546.

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14

Bando, Kanan, Takefumi Oizumi, Tetsu Takahashi, Itaru Mizoguchi, Shunji Sugawara, and Yasuo Endo. "Release of Nitrogen-Containing Bisphosphonates (NBPs) from Hydroxyapatite by Non-NBPs and by Pyrophosphate." Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 44, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1670–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b21-00320.

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15

Yang, Yi, Tracy Ann Williams, Ying Song, Shumin Yang, Wenwen He, Kanran Wang, Qingfeng Cheng, et al. "Nomogram-Based Preoperative Score for Predicting Clinical Outcome in Unilateral Primary Aldosteronism." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (September 8, 2020): e4382-e4392. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa634.

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Abstract Context More than half of patients diagnosed with unilateral primary aldosteronism (UPA) suffer from persisting hypertension after unilateral adrenalectomy. Objective The objective of this work is to develop and validate a nomogram-based preoperative score (NBPS) to predict clinical outcomes after unilateral adrenalectomy for UPA. Design and Setting The NBPS was developed in an Asian cohort by incorporating predictors independently associated with remission of hypertension after unilateral adrenalectomy for UPA and validated in a Caucasian cohort. Participants Participants comprised patients with UPA achieving complete biochemical success after unilateral adrenalectomy. Main Outcome Measure Measurements included the predictive performance of the NBPS compared with 2 previously developed outcome prediction scores: aldosteronoma resolution score (ARS) and primary aldosteronism surgical outcome (PASO) score. Results Ninety-seven of 150 (64.7%) patients achieved complete clinical success after unilateral adrenalectomy in the training cohort and 57 out of 165 (34.5%) in the validation cohort. A nomogram was established incorporating sex, duration of hypertension, aldosterone-to-renin ratio, and target organ damage. The nomogram showed good C indices and calibration curves both in Asian and Caucasian cohorts. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the NBPS for predicting hypertension remission in the training cohort was 0.853 (0.786-0.905), which was superior to the ARS (0.745 [0.667-0.812], P = .019) and PASO score (0.747 [0.670-0.815], P = .012). The AUC of the NBPS in the validation cohort was 0.830 (0.764-0.884), which was higher than the ARS (0.745 [95% CI, 0.672-0.810], P = .045), but not significantly different from the PASO score (0.825 [95% CI, 0.758-0.880], P = .911). Conclusion The NBPS is useful in predicting clinical outcome for UPA patients, especially in the Asian population.

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Hooven, Louisa A., Priyadarshini Chakrabarti, Bryan J. Harper, Ramesh R. Sagili, and Stacey L. Harper. "Potential Risk to Pollinators from Nanotechnology-Based Pesticides." Molecules 24, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 4458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244458.

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The decline in populations of insect pollinators is a global concern. While multiple factors are implicated, there is uncertainty surrounding the contribution of certain groups of pesticides to losses in wild and managed bees. Nanotechnology-based pesticides (NBPs) are formulations based on multiple particle sizes and types. By packaging active ingredients in engineered particles, NBPs offer many benefits and novel functions, but may also exhibit different properties in the environment when compared with older pesticide formulations. These new properties raise questions about the environmental disposition and fate of NBPs and their exposure to pollinators. Pollinators such as honey bees have evolved structural adaptations to collect pollen, but also inadvertently gather other types of environmental particles which may accumulate in hive materials. Knowledge of the interaction between pollinators, NBPs, and other types of particles is needed to better understand their exposure to pesticides, and essential for characterizing risk from diverse environmental contaminants. The present review discusses the properties, benefits and types of nanotechnology-based pesticides, the propensity of bees to collect such particles and potential impacts on bee pollinators.

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17

Yeh, Stuart S. "The Cost-Effectiveness of NBPTS Teacher Certification." Evaluation Review 34, no. 3 (May 17, 2010): 220–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0193841x10369752.

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Goldhaber, Dan. "National Board Teachers Are More Effective, But Are They in the Classrooms Where They're Needed the Most?" Education Finance and Policy 1, no. 3 (July 2006): 372–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/edfp.2006.1.3.372.

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This brief summarizes findings from several research articles that focus on the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS). This work focuses on three key questions: Who applies for and becomes National Board certified? Where do National Board Certified Teachers (NBCTs) teach? Are they more effective than other teachers? The findings suggest that: (1) teachers are less likely to become certified if teaching disadvantaged students; (2) NBCTs are more effective than noncertified NBPTS-applicants and nonapplicants; and (3) the mobility patterns of NBCTs decrease the chances that low-performing students will be taught by a teacher with this credential.

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Nasir, Maham, Waqas Jadoon, Iftikhar Ahmed Khan, Nosheen Gul, Sajid Shah, Mohammed ELAffendi, and Ammar Muthanna. "Secure Reversible Data Hiding in Images Based on Linear Prediction and Bit-Plane Slicing." Mathematics 10, no. 18 (September 12, 2022): 3311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10183311.

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Reversible Data Hiding (RDH) should be secured as per requirements to protect content in open environments such as the cloud and internet. Integrity and undetectability of steganographic images are amongst the main concerns in any RDH scheme. As steganographic encryption using linear prediction over bit-planes is challenging, so the security and embedding capacity of the existing RDH techniques could not be adequate. Therefore, a new steganographic technique is proposed which provides better security, higher embedding capacity and visual quality to the RDH scheme. In this technique, the cover image is divided into n-bit planes (nBPs) and linear prediction is applied to it. Next, the histogram of the residual nBPs image is taken, and secret data bits are encrypted using the RC4 cryptographic algorithm. To embed the encrypted secret data bits, the histogram shifting process is applied. This is achieved by using peak and zero pairs of residual nBPs images. This scheme provides security to the cover image and hidden data. The proposed RDH scheme is capable of extracting the embedded secret data accurately and recovering the original cover or residual nBPs image.

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Kimmel, D. B. "Mechanism of Action, Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile, and Clinical Applications of Nitrogen-containing Bisphosphonates." Journal of Dental Research 86, no. 11 (November 2007): 1022–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910708601102.

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Nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (nBPs) are bone-specific agents that inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase. nBPs’ strong affinity for bone, and not for other tissues, makes them potent inhibitors of bone resorption and bone remodeling activity, with limited potential for side-effects in non-skeletal tissues. Five nBPs are currently approved in the United States. The primary indications are for treatment of osteoporosis (alendronate, ibandronate, and risedronate) and treatment/prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in multiple myeloma and breast and prostate cancer patients (ibandronate, pamidronate, and zoledronic acid). nBPs are the most efficacious drugs available for these diseases, reducing osteoporotic fracture risk by 50–60% in persons with low bone mass or prior osteoporotic fracture, and SREs by one-third in cancer patients. The absorbed nBP dose for cancer patients is from seven to ten times that in osteoporosis patients. nBPs are unique in that they first exert profound pharmacodynamic effects long after their blood levels reach zero. Current pharmacokinetic studies indicate that approximately half of any nBP dose reaches the skeleton, with an early half-life of ten days, and a terminal half-life of about ten years. Practical study design limitations and theoretical considerations suggest that both the half-life and the amount of nBP retained in the skeletons of patients on long-term nBP therapy are substantially overestimated by extrapolation directly from current pharmacokinetic data. In fact, the amount of nBP being released from skeletal tissues of long-term-treated patients, particularly in osteoporosis patients, becomes insufficient to maintain full pharmacodynamic efficacy relatively soon after dosing is interrupted.

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Goldhaber, Dan, David Perry, and Emily Anthony. "The National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) Process: Who Applies and What Factors Are Associated with NBPTS Certification?" Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 26, no. 4 (December 2004): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/01623737026004259.

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National Board Certification represents one of the most significant reform efforts in the area of teacher quality in the last two decades. Since the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) certified its first round of teachers in 1995, approximately 32,000 teachers have become certified at a cost to the country of well over $300 million, yet no large-scale quantitative research exists on the candidates of the program. In this article, we describe the results of a study of teachers in North Carolina assessing the factors associated with the decision to apply to NBPTS and those associated with certification of candidates. We find that, all else equal, teachers who are African-American, female, score higher on standardized tests, and/or are younger are more likely to apply for certification. Among applicants, we find that African-American and male teachers are less likely to be certified, and teachers who score higher on standardized tests are far more likely to be certified.

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Mose, M., K. Brodersen, N. Rittig, J. Schmidt, N. Jessen, U. R. Mikkelsen, J. O. L. Jørgensen та N. Møller. "Anabolic effects of oral leucine-rich protein with and without β-hydroxybutyrate on muscle protein metabolism in a novel clinical model of systemic inflammation—a randomized crossover trial". American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 114, № 3 (3 червня 2021): 1159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqab148.

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ABSTRACT Background β-lactoglobulin (BLG) stimulates muscle protein synthesis and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) inhibits muscle breakdown. Whether combining the 2 can additively attenuate disease-induced muscle loss is unknown. Objective Based on previous observations of anticatabolic effects of protein and ketone bodies during inflammation, and using a novel model combining ongoing systemic inflammation, fasting, and immobilization, we tested whether the anticatabolic muscle response to oral amino acids is altered compared with control conditions, as well as whether coadministration of oral BHB and BLG further improves the muscle anabolic response. Muscle net balance (NBphe) was the primary outcome and intramyocellular signals were assessed. Methods In a randomized crossover design, 8 young men underwent either preconditioning with LPS (prestudy day: 1 ng/kg, study day: 0.5 ng/kg) combined with a 36-h fast and bed rest to mimic catabolic inflammatory disease (CAT) or an overnight fast (control [CTR]) prior to isocaloric nutritional interventions on 3 occasions separated by ∼6 wk (range 42 to 83 d). Results NBphe increased similarly upon all conditions (interaction P = 0.65). From comparable baseline rates, both Rdphe [muscle synthesis, median ratio (95% CI): 0.44 (0.23, 0.86) P = 0.017] and Raphe [muscle breakdown, median ratio (95% CI): 0.46 (0.27, 0.78) P = 0.005] decreased following BHB + BLG compared with BLG. BLG increased Rdphe more under CAT conditions compared with CTR (interaction P = 0.02). CAT increased inflammation, energy expenditure, and lipid oxidation and decreased Rdphe and anabolic signaling [mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4EPB1) phosphorylation]. Conclusion In contrast to our initial hypothesis, NBphe increased similarly following BLG during CAT and CTR conditions; CAT however, specifically stimulated the BLG-mediated increase in protein synthesis, whereas BHB coadministration did not affect NBphe, but distinctly dampened the BLG-induced increase in muscle amino acid fluxes thereby liberating circulating amino acids for anabolic actions elsewhere.

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Baratz-Snowden, Joan. "The NBPTS Begins Its Research and Development Program." Educational Researcher 19, no. 6 (August 1990): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1177139.

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Zhang, Cheng, Dongzhou Wang, Shengjun Huang, Jimin Yang, Jie Liu, and Jing Fang. "Nonlinear Optical Response of Gold Nanobipyramids for a Doubly Q-Switched Ho-Doped Laser at a Wavelength of 2.1 µm." Nanomaterials 11, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11020535.

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Gold nanobipyramids (Au-NBPs) were successfully fabricated using the seed-mediated growth method. The saturable absorption performance of the Au-NBPs at a 2-μm band wavelength was characterized. Using excellent-quality, mature Ho:YLF crystals, a doubly Q-switched (DQS) laser joining an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) with an Au-NBP saturable absorber (SA) was achieved. When the modulation rate of the AOM was 1 kHz, the shortest pulse width (54 ns) was attained, corresponding to the highest peak power (3.87 kW). This was compared with a singly Q-switched laser joining an AOM with an Au-NBP SA, whereby the maximum pulse width compression ratio was 15.2 and the highest peak power enhancement factor was 541.3. Our study has shown that Au-NBPs are a potential saturable absorption nanomaterial, and the DQS laser has the benefit of compressing the pulse width and increasing the peak power at a wavelength of 2.1 μm.

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Oizumi, T., K. Yamaguchi, H. Funayama, H. Kawamura, S. Sugawara, and Y. Endo. "Prevention of necrotic actions of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (NBPs) in mice by non-NBPs (clodronate and etidronate)." Bone 44 (May 2009): S139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2009.01.306.

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Lyngh, D., N. de la Cour, L. Åström, J. Koning, B. Jönsson, S. Ghatnekar Nilsson, C. Hall, et al. "Engineering and prototyping of ESS neutron beam extraction system." Journal of Neutron Research 22, no. 2-3 (October 20, 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jnr-200155.

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In the development of the European Spallation Source, the engineering phase of the Neutron Beam Extraction System is approaching its end. Currently, prototyping is ongoing to verify and increase the understanding of the manufacturing limitations in relation to the engineering aspects and beam extraction requirements from the instruments. After that the manufacturing of the suite of 16 neutron beam port inserts (NBPI) and light shutter systems (LSS) are phased into final detail design and manufacturing. The NBPIs have been developed as a close collaboration between ESS’ instruments design coordinators and intricately integrate a set of copper optics within a controlled atmosphere within the target monolith pressure vessel. The NBPIs therefore includes not only a processed atmosphere but also enables fine alignment of the optics assemblies within it, but also includes a system for inserting it into a very precisely aligned and measured position. Outside the NBPIs, along the neutron beam paths, sits the Neutron Beam Windows and sequentially, the LSS which incorporates an optical bridge beam guide before the beam enters the bunker area and the individual instrument beam transports. ESS have chosen the concept of LSS, which generates demanding requirements for alignment of moving shutter parts. These system parts are placed in the bunker area and bunker basement, areas that are partly accessible during maintenance periods.

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Micene, Katieli Tives, Pedro Miguel Ferreira Martins Arezes, Fernanda Gomes de Andrade, Bengie Omar Vazquez Reyes, Marcia Danieli Szeremeta Spak, Airton Kist, and João Carlos Colmenero. "Fuzzy Nonbalanced Hedonic Scale (F-NBHS): A New Method for Treatments of Food Preference Data Collected with Hedonic Scales of Points." Journal of Food Quality 2020 (February 11, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7945906.

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Hedonic point scales are widely used in food preference studies. However, in this type of scale, the symmetrical distribution of categories and inaccuracy of the responses may interfere with the results of the research. This paper proposes the fuzzy nonbalanced hedonic scale (F-NBHS) as a new method for treatments of food preference data collected with hedonic scales of 9 points and can be generalized to scales with a different number of points. Data analysis from F-NBHS aims to improve the limitations presented by a traditional treatment, especially regarding the distribution of numerical values between the categories and the inaccuracy of the responses. The validation of the proposed scale was carried out through a food preference research done within a Portuguese university. A set of 64 foods, divided into 8 food groups, was evaluated by 119 students in two experiments. The frequency and variability of the data were studied according to the categories in different areas of the scale. Findings showed that the structure of the proposed scale is observed in the behavior of experimental data and intermediate areas, which indicated the intensity of perception and variability of different responses from other areas of the scale. The data used with F-NBHS were more satisfactory in relation to standard deviations and consensus index measurements compared with a traditional treatment. Thus, it is concluded that the F-NBHS scale is a more efficient and robust method for the treatment of dietary preference information compared to a traditional treatment.

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Machado, Yuri, José Coelho Neto, Rogério Araújo Lordeiro, Rosemeire Brondi Alves, and Evandro Piccin. "Identification of new NBOH drugs in seized blotter papers: 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH." Forensic Toxicology 38, no. 1 (December 2, 2019): 203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11419-019-00509-7.

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Abstract Purpose The recreational drug market remains dynamic. After the introduction of 25I-NBOH, an N-benzylphenethylamine and new psychoactive substance, as option for LSD and NBOMe drugs, new NBOH substances have been identified in recent years. Herein, we report our efforts for the identification and structural elucidation of three new NBOHs detected in seized blotter papers: 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH. Methods Blotter papers seized between 2017 and 2018 by local police force in Brazil were submitted to extraction, purification, identification and characterization using attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gas chromatography—mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography—tandem mass spectrometry, and one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Three new NBOHs were characterized: 2-(((4-ethyl-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25E-NBOH, 2C-E-NBOH), 2-(((4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25C-NBOH, 2C-C-NBOH), and 2-(((4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethyl)amino)methyl)phenol (25B-NBOH, 2C-B-NBOH). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report for identification and detailed characterization of 25B-NBOH, 25C-NBOH, and 25E-NBOH in seized samples. NBOH substances are not under United Nations Conventions control. The identification of seized blotter papers between 2014 and beginning of 2019 showed that NBOH substances have become the main hallucinogenic drug in the region. These group are thermolabile under gas chromatographic conditions, demanding other analytical approaches of analysis to avoid misidentifications. Unfortunately, the knowledge about toxicology of NBOHs are limited.

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Krus, David, Fredrik Kahn, Bo Nilson, Torgny Sunnerhagen та Magnus Rasmussen. "Blood culture time to positivity in non-β-hemolytic streptococcal bacteremia as a predictor of infective endocarditis—a retrospective cohort study". European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases 41, № 2 (16 жовтня 2021): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04339-7.

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AbstractNon-β-hemolytic streptococci (NBHS) cause infective endocarditis (IE) and a short blood culture time to positivity (TTP) is associated with risk of IE in bacteremia with other pathogens. In this retrospective population-based cohort study, we investigate if TTP is associated to IE or mortality. Of 263 episodes with NBHS bacteremia, 28 represented IE and the median TTP did not differ significantly between episodes with IE (15 h) and non-IE (15 h) (p=0.51). TTP was similar among those who survived and those who died within 30 days. However, TTP significantly differed when comparing the different streptococcal groups (p<0.001).

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Robinson, Ann, and Christine Deitz. "Teachers Count in the Classroom and in Policy: Legislation, Rules, and Regulations as Pathways in Gifted Education." Gifted Child Today 45, no. 4 (September 9, 2022): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10762175221110940.

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Policy is a powerful tool that guides many gifted education services and practices in states across the U.S. In addition to student services, policies can govern teacher preparation standards and qualifications for educators responsible for instructional delivery to academically talented learners. Essential to the process, institutions of higher education partner with states to provide standards-based endorsements for gifted education teachers. Arkansas, Iowa, and Kentucky serve as exemplars for enacting policies aimed at increasing the number of educators prepared to teach in the field of gifted education. Key features of their teacher education policies are summarized. In addition to formal teacher education policies, the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) offers a certificate in Exceptional Needs: Gifted. The NBPTS pathway creates recognition for a national level of accomplished teaching practice in gifted education also found in state policy.

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Chamarande, Jordan, Lisiane Cunat, Nadine Pavlov, Corentine Alauzet, and Catherine Cailliez-Grimal. "Parabacteroides distasonis Properties Linked to the Selection of New Biotherapeutics." Nutrients 14, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 4176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14194176.

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Dysbiotic microbiota is often associated with health issues including inflammatory bowel disease or ulcerative colitis. In order to counterbalance host disorder caused by an alteration in the gut composition, numerous studies have focused on identifying new biotherapeutic products (NBPs). Among the promising NBPs is Parabacteroides distasonis, a gut microbiota member part of the core microbiome that recently has received much attention due to the numerous beneficial properties it brings to its host. In this study, the properties linked to the selection of NBPs were screened in 14 unrelated P. distasonis strains, including resistance to gastric conditions, adherence (Caco-2 model), transepithelial resistance (Caco-2 model), and immunomodulation, on nontreated and LPS-stimulated cells (HT-29 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs)). This approach allowed for the identification of five strains that combined almost all the in vitro biotherapeutic properties tested. However, all the P. distasonis strains induced the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines on PBMCs, which was counteracted by the overproduction of the anti-inflammatory cytokines. Among these five strains, two particularly retained our attention as a potential NBP, by showing strong health-promoting function, the lowest overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines on PBMCs, and no detrimental effect on the host.

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32

Foster, Allison. "Certified in public health program: credentialing public health leaders." International Journal of Health Governance 21, no. 1 (March 7, 2016): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhg-09-2015-0030.

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Purpose – Unlike other health professions, there has historically been no licensing, registration, or certification of public health practitioners to demonstrate their qualification to the public and employers. The purpose of this paper is to outline the rationale for developing public health workforce certification, describes the certification process developed by the National Board of Public Health Examiners (NBPHE), and explains how it is affecting public health education and practice. Design/methodology/approach – This paper is a narrative review from records of NBPHE. Findings – The Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health commissioned a formal study of health worker credentialing in 1989 and created a task force in 1999 to determine the need for public health credentialing. Based on input from public health leaders and stakeholders, the NBPHE was formed in 2005 to offer the Certified in Public Health (CPH) examination. The first CPH examination was administered in 2008. Uptake of the CPH was strong the first year (693 examinees), dropped by nearly half (369 examinees) in the second year, and then increased each year through 2015. Part of the increase may be due to eligibility revisions for taking the CPH examination. Eligibility for taking the CPH examination was revised in 2010 to include graduate students in public health and in 2015 to include candidates with a bachelor degree from any field and at least five years of work experience in public health. The NBPHE is piloting open professional eligibility for candidates with no formal education in public health and at least five year’s public health work experience. Schools and programs of public health accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH) view the CPH examination as a useful tool in curriculum assessment and improvement and for maintaining CEPH accreditation. Several schools and programs of public health have begun requiring all graduate students to take the CPH examination. The CPH credential is also increasingly being used as a hiring factor among employers. Originality/value – NBPHE’s CPH credential is unique in the world. Foreign students graduating with American public health degrees have been taking the exam before returning to leadership roles in their own country. The CPH program described can serve as a model for other nations.

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33

Ashley, Andrea, and Dimitra Psychogiou. "X-Band Quasi-Elliptic Non-Reciprocal Bandpass Filters (NBPFs)." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 69, no. 7 (July 2021): 3255–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.2021.3081021.

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34

Harris, Douglas N., and Tim R. Sass. "The effects of NBPTS-certified teachers on student achievement." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 28, no. 1 (September 2009): 55–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pam.20402.

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35

Grabia, Tomasz. "Monetary Policy and Polish Labour Market in the years 1999–2008." Comparative Economic Research. Central and Eastern Europe 13, no. 1-2 (October 14, 2010): 43–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10103-009-0029-0.

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This article sets out to analyse how the monetary policy pursued by the National Bank of Poland (NBP) determined the labour market situation in the country in the decade 1999-2008. The article consists of introduction as well as five sections. Section one discusses NBP's strategy of monetary policy in the defined period against monetary strategies implemented in other countries. Section two uses the growth rates of money supply and of real GDP to verify whether the primary purpose of monetary policy, i.e. the inflationary target, was achieved. Section three generally characterises the country's labour market using the levels and dynamics of employment and of unemployment. Section four discusses major instruments of NBP's monetary policy, mainly analysing changes in the central bank's interest rates and their effect on the economic situation and on the labour market. The article concludes with a summation providing synthetic conclusions.

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36

Doryń, Wirginia. "Analysis of the tone of discussions at the decision-making meetings of the Monetary Policy Council." Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 63, no. 7 (July 27, 2018): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.0682.

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Communiqués of central bank are an important complement to the monetary policy instruments. The aim of the article is to present the results of the quantitative study of the tone of official communiqués in English of the National Bank of Poland, which are descriptions of discussions at the decision-making meetings of the Monetary Policy Council published in the years 2007—2017. The list of words developed by Bennani and Neuenkirch (2017) was used to evaluate the tone. Determined measures of tone were compared with economic indicators. It was found that the sentiment of NBP’s communiqués quite strongly correlates with the survey measures of the business tendency and to a lesser extent with the index of sold production of industry, having a leading nature of 2 months in relation to these indicators. The obtained results also indicate a significant relationship between the tone of the NBP’s statements and the business tendency in Germany, the euro area countries and the European Union.

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37

Sasikumar, Thangarasu, and Malaichamy Ilanchelian. "Colorimetric and visual detection of cyanide ions based on the morphological transformation of gold nanobipyramids into gold nanoparticles." New Journal of Chemistry 44, no. 12 (2020): 4713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj05929f.

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38

Liu, Hua, Lin Wei, Jianhao Hua, Da Chen, Hongmin Meng, Zhaohui Li, and Lehui Xiao. "Enzyme activity-modulated etching of gold nanobipyramids@MnO2 nanoparticles for ALP assay using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy." Nanoscale 12, no. 18 (2020): 10390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0nr01837f.

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39

Galluzzo, Sara, Michele Caraglia, Bruno Vincenzi, Silvia Angeletti, Chiara Spoto, Alice Zoccoli, Vladimir Virzi, et al. "Modulation of FPPS's activity following NBPs therapy: clinical implications." Bone 46 (March 2010): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2010.01.079.

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40

Rakovic, Jelena, Martyn N. Futter, Katarina Kyllmar, Katri Rankinen, Marc I. Stutter, Jan Vermaat, and Dennis Collentine. "Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways: Future narratives for assessment of water-related ecosystem services in agricultural and forest management." Ambio 49, no. 11 (September 13, 2020): 1710–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-020-01389-7.

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Abstract Further development of the bioeconomy, the substitution of bioresources for fossil resources, will lead to an increased pressure on land and water resources in both agriculture and forestry. It is important to study whether resultant changes in land management may in turn lead to impairment of water services. This paper describes the Nordic Bioeconomy Pathways (NBPs), a set of regional sectoral storylines nested within the global Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP) framework developed to provide the BIOWATER research program with land management scenarios for projecting future developments to explore possible conflicts between land management changes and the Water Framework Directive (WFD). The NBPs are a set of narrative storylines capturing a range of plausible future trajectories for the Nordic bioeconomy until 2050 and that are fit for use within hydrological catchment modelling, ecosystem service studies and stakeholder dialogue about possible changes in agricultural and forestry management practices.

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Ali, Zarina S., Dara Bakar, Yun R. Li, Alex Judd, Hiren Patel, Eric L. Zager, Gregory G. Heuer, and Sherman C. Stein. "Utility of delayed surgical repair of neonatal brachial plexus palsy." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 13, no. 4 (April 2014): 462–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2013.12.peds13382.

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Object Neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) represents a significant health problem with potentially devastating consequences. The most common form of NBPP involves the upper trunk roots. Currently, primary surgical repair is performed if clinical improvement is lacking. There has been increasing interest in “early” surgical repair of NBPPs, occurring within 3–6 months of life. However, early treatment recommendations ignore spontaneous recovery in cases of Erb's palsy. This study was undertaken to evaluate the optimal timing of surgical repair in this group with respect to quality of life. Methods The authors formulated a decision analytical model to compare 4 treatment strategies (no repair or repair at 3, 6, or 12 months of life) for infants with persistent NBPPs. The model derives data from a critical review of published studies and projects health-related quality of life and quality-adjusted life years over a lifetime. Results When evaluating the quality of life of infants with NBPP, improved outcomes are seen with delayed surgical repair at 12 months, compared with no repair or repair at early and intermediate time points, at 3 and 6 months, respectively. ANOVA showed that the differences among the 4 groups are highly significant (F = 8369; p < 0.0001). Pairwise post hoc comparisons revealed that there are highly significant differences between each pair of strategies (p < 0.0001). Meta-regression showed no evidence of improved outcomes with more recent treatment dates, compared with older ones, for either nonsurgical or for surgical treatment (p = 0.767 and p = 0.865, respectively). Conclusions These data support a delayed approach of primary surgical reconstruction to optimize quality of life. Early surgery for NBPPs may be an overly aggressive strategy for infants who would otherwise demonstrate spontaneous recovery of function by 12 months. A randomized, controlled trial would be necessary to fully elucidate the natural history of NBPP and determine the optimal time point for surgical intervention.

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42

Burroughs, Robert, Tammy A. Schwartz, and Martha Hendricks-Lee. "Communities of Practice and Discourse Communities: Negotiating Boundaries in NBPTS Certification." Teachers College Record 102, no. 2 (April 2000): 344–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/0161-4681.00058.

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43

Muller, R. "Fine Structure of Photospheric Faculae." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 138 (1990): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900044028.

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Properties of the photospheric bright points associated with magnetic flux tubes are reviewed both in faculae (facular points) and in the photospheric network (network bright points - NBPs) out of active regions. A special attention is given to their size distribution, to their location relative to the granular, mesogranular and supergranular patterns, and to their relation with the small scale magnetic features, both in active and quiet regions. In particular a new granulation movie reveals that NBPs form in large intergranular spaces, compressed by the surrounding granules.At the center of the solar disk, bright points are much brighter than the mean photosphere; their contrast increases toward the limb up to μ = 0.3 − 0.2 and then decreases to the limb, as it is now widely accepted. But, all the published contrasts are of little significance because of center-to-limb selection effects. New center-to-limb contrast variations of individual network bright points are presented, which take into account the selection effects.

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44

Luu, Kimberly, James Park, Amber D. Shaffer, and David H. Chi. "Long-Term Otitis Media Outcomes in Infants With Early Tympanostomy Tubes." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 6 (June 16, 2020): 1258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820931414.

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Objective To review the otologic outcomes of infants who failed the newborn hearing screen (NBHS) and received early tympanostomy tubes for otitis media with effusion (OME). Study Design Retrospective case series. Setting Tertiary care pediatric hospital. Subjects and Methods Consecutive patients (2007-2018) who failed an NBHS and required tympanostomy tubes before 6 months of age were included. Variables including hearing loss and otitis media risk factors, episodes of acute otitis media (AOM), number of subsequent tympanostomy tubes, and posttympanostomy tube audiogram results were recorded. Results The cohort included 171 patients. Median age at referral to otolaryngology was 2.7 months. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was subsequently identified in 22 (12.9%) of infants after resolution of the effusion. The peak incidence of AOM was during the second year of life (1-1.9 years), with a median of 1 episode. Ninety-five patients (55.6%) had replacement of tubes, 41 of 171 (24.0%) had 2 or more additional sets of tubes, and long-term tubes were eventually placed in 8 of 95 (8.4%) patients. Craniofacial anomalies were identified in 43.3% of patients. Tube replacement (hazard ratio, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.95-4.63; P < .01, log-rank) and AOM (β, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.43-1.65; P = .04, ordered logistic regression) were more common, and SNHL less common (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% CI, 0.031-0.61; P < .01, logistic regression), in children with craniofacial anomalies. Conclusion OME is a common cause of failed NBHS. A notable proportion was subsequently found to have SNHL, reiterating the need for postoperative hearing assessments. Infants meeting indication for early tympanostomy tubes for resolution of OME have a high incidence of recurrent AOM and require subsequent tubes.

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45

Kumagai, Hajime, Hiroyuki Sawatari, Tetsuro Hoshino, Noriyuki Konishi, Yuka Kiyohara, Kengo Kawaguchi, Yoko Murase, Ayako Urabe, Aki Arita, and Toshiaki Shiomi. "Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Nocturnal Blood Pressure Fluctuation Patterns in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 16 (August 11, 2022): 9906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19169906.

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This retrospective study was designed to evaluate the effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, a well-established treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), on nocturnal blood pressure fluctuations (NBPFs) during rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep, and to evaluate the NBPF patterns in patients with OSA. We included 34 patients with moderate-to-severe OSA who underwent polysomnography using pulse transit time before and at 3–6 months after CPAP therapy. Nocturnal BP and NBPF frequency in REM and non-REM sleep were investigated, as well as NBPF pattern changes after receiving CPAP therapy. CPAP therapy resulted in significant reductions in the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), arousal index, nocturnal systolic and diastolic BP, and NBPF frequency in REM and non-REM sleep (all p < 0.01). A higher AHI before CPAP resulted in lower nocturnal systolic BP (r = 0.40, p = 0.019) and NBPFs (r = 0.51, p = 0.002) after CPAP. However, 58.8% of patients showed no change in NBPF patterns with CPAP therapy. CPAP therapy significantly improved almost all sleep-related parameters, nocturnal BP, and NBPF frequency in REM and non-REM sleep periods, but NBPF patterns showed various changes post-CPAP therapy. These results suggest that factors other than OSA influence changes in NBPF patterns.

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46

Shirotani, Ichimin, Hiyoshi Kadoya, Chihiro Sekine, Sakae Todo, Takehiko Yagi, Yasuhiro Nakazawa, and Kazushi Kanoda. "Superconductivity of niobium phosphorous sulphide, NbPS, prepared at high pressure." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 11, no. 32 (August 2, 1999): 6231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/11/32/314.

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47

Galluzzo, Gary R. "Performance Assessment and Renewing Teacher Education The Possibilities of the NBPTS Standards." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 78, no. 4 (March 2005): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3200/tchs.78.4.142-145.

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48

Baratz-Snowden, Joan. "Research news and Comment: The NBPTS Begins Its Research and Development Program." Educational Researcher 19, no. 6 (August 1990): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0013189x019006019.

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49

Nuttall, James M., Ewald H. Hettema, and Donald J. Watts. "Farnesyl diphosphate synthase, the target for nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate drugs, is a peroxisomal enzyme in the model system Dictyostelium discoideum." Biochemical Journal 447, no. 3 (October 5, 2012): 353–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20120750.

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NBP (nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate) drugs protect against excessive osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. After binding to bone mineral, they are taken up selectively by the osteoclasts and inhibit the essential enzyme FDPS (farnesyl diphosphate synthase). NBPs inhibit also growth of amoebae of Dictyostelium discoideum in which their target is again FDPS. A fusion protein between FDPS and GFP (green fluorescent protein) was found, in D. discoideum, to localize to peroxisomes and to confer resistance to the NBP alendronate. GFP was also directed to peroxisomes by a fragment of FDPS comprising amino acids 1–22. This contains a sequence of nine amino acids that closely resembles the nonapeptide PTS2 (peroxisomal targeting signal type 2): there is only a single amino acid mismatch between the two sequences. Mutation analysis confirmed that the atypical PTS2 directs FDPS into peroxisomes. Furthermore, expression of the D. discoideum FDPS–GFP fusion protein in strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae defective in peroxisomal protein import demonstrated that import of FDPS into peroxisomes was blocked in a strain lacking the PTS2-dependent import pathway. The peroxisomal location of FDPS in D. discoideum indicates that NBPs have to cross the peroxisomal membrane before they can bind to their target.

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Tütüncü, H. M., Ertuǧrul Karaca, H. Y. Uzunok, S. Baǧcı, and G. P. Srivastava. "A first-principles investigation of physical properties and superconductivity of NbPS." Solid State Sciences 103 (May 2020): 106183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.solidstatesciences.2020.106183.

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