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1
Zhang, Wentai, Qijun Liu, Yingqi Chen, and Guojiang Wan. "Anodic dissolution dictates the negative difference effect (NDE) of magnesium corrosion more in chemical pathway." Materials Letters 232 (December 2018): 54–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2018.08.069.
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Xu, Shanna, Junhua Dong, and Wei Ke. "Effect of Magnesium Hydride on the Corrosion Behavior of Pure Magnesium in 0.1 M NaCl Solution." International Journal of Corrosion 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/934867.
Анотація:
The effect of magnesium hydride on the corrosion behavior of pure magnesium in 0.1 M NaCl solution was investigated using the gas collection method, potentiostatic current decay test, and in situ Raman spectrum. The formation of magnesium hydride (MgH2,Mg2H4) was observed at the cathodic region. Applying anodic potential leads to decomposition of magnesium hydride. Magnesium hydride plays an important role on the negative difference effect (NDE) in both the cathodic and anodic regions.
3
Yu, Wei Dong, Xiao Min Li, Yi Wen Zhang, Rui Yang, Qun Wang, and Li Dong Chen. "Investigation of Bipolar Resistance Switching Properties in SrTiO3 Thin Films with Symmetric Electrodes Structure." Advanced Materials Research 66 (April 2009): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.66.119.
Анотація:
A noncrystalline SrTiO3 (STO) thin film was grown on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. The Pt thin film was deposited on STO film as top electrode, forming a symmetric structure (Pt/STO/Pt) to exclude the influence of the electrical difference in STO-electrode interfaces. It was found that a stable bipolar resistive switching was obtained in this structure. In a current sweep, an obvious S type negative differential conductance (NDC) phenomenon was found in both polarities. And in a voltage sweep, no NDC was observed due to the current control mechanism of S type NDC effect. The possible mechanism of this effect is discussed preliminarily.
4
Peng, Chih-Sheng, and Peng-Wei Chu. "(Digital Presentation) Effect of Electrolyte Additives on the Discharge Behavior and Performance of a WE43 Mg Alloy As Mg-Air Battery Anode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 1 (July 7, 2022): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-011126mtgabs.
Анотація:
Smartphones and electric cars have developed rapidly over the past ten years. Hence, high energy density storage devices are also getting increasing attention. Compared with commercial Li-ion batteries, Mg-air battery systems have the advantages of a high theoretical energy density (6800Wh/kg), natural abundance, environmental-friendliness, and low cost. However, Mg-air battery suffers from low anodic efficiency, discharge product accumulation, and sluggish reaction kinetics on both the anodes and cathodes. Adding additives to the electrolyte has been shown to increase the cell voltage and boost the anode efficiency. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism of how electrolyte additives change the discharge behavior is still unclear. In this report, the discharge behavior and performance of a Mg-air battery with different electrolyte additives are investigated through a combination of electrochemical analysis, collection of the by-product hydrogen gas, and microscopic characterizations. A WE43 Mg alloy was selected as the anode for primary Mg-air batteries due to its high activity in 3.5wt% NaCl solution. Various amounts of electrolyte additives, such as chelating agents, e.g. salicylate salts, and corrosion inhibitors, e.g. Na3PO4, were added to 3.5wt% NaCl solution together or separately. The discharge behavior and performance with different additives were analyzed by recording the open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) before and after discharge, discharge voltage evolution, hydrogen evolved from the anodes, and cross-sectional observations of the alloy after discharge. The anodic efficiency loss contributed by the negative difference effect (NDE) and chunk effect (CE) were also quantified to study how different additives change the discharge behavior. The anode performance improvement and synergic effect of the electrolyte additives will be discussed. Figure 1
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Vaghefinazari, Bahram, Darya Snihirova, Cheng Wang, Linqian Wang, Min Deng, Daniel Höche, Sviatlana Lamaka, and Mikhail Zheludkevich. "Boosting Mg-Air Primary Battery Performance Via Addition of Complexing Agents in the Electrolyte: A Mechanistic View on the Effect of EDTA." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 1 (October 9, 2022): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0213mtgabs.
Анотація:
Diverse novel energy conversion and storage systems have developed rapidly in the last few decades to address the growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly energy sources. In this respect, aqueous Mg-air batteries have drawn much attention for their high energy density, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. A primary Mg-air battery can theoretically provide a relatively high voltage and specific energy density of 3.1 V and 6.8 kW.h.kg-1, respectively [1]. However, the high wasteful self-corrosion rate of Mg alloys during discharge in aqueous electrolytes and fouling of the anode surface with corrosion products significantly reduce the delivered voltage and the specific energy of the Mg-air battery. These drawbacks are exacerbated by the anodic polarization due to the well-known phenomenon called Negative Difference Effect (NDE). Recently, pioneered by Höche et al. [2], the use of Mg complexing agents in the battery electrolyte has revolutionized the performance of Mg-air batteries by mitigating the mentioned shortcomings. However, the understanding of the enhancement mechanism, which may differ for different complexing agents, is at its nascent stage. In this work, sodium salt of ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is used as the additive for the electrolyte of a primary Mg-air battery with a commercially pure Mg anode [3]. The electrolyte pH was taken as the main parameter to explore the effect of EDTA on the discharge performance of the Mg anode. The battery voltage was improved at all tested electrolyte pH values, which ranged from 7.0 to 11.0. The utilization efficiency (UE) of the discharged Mg anode is also enhanced by the presence of EDTA in the electrolyte at pH of 11, resulting in a 10-fold increase in the full-cell battery discharge time as compared to the reference battery in NaCl electrolyte without EDTA. Different methods, including EIS, local pH and dissolved O2 measurements, and H2 evolution tests were employed to study the interaction of EDTA with the Mg anode surface during discharge. Several mechanisms of enhancement in the UE have been concluded, including suppressing the chunk effect, weakening the detrimental NDE, and promoting the formation of a more protective layer on the Mg anode surface. The findings of this study provides an improved understanding of the interaction of the complexing agents with the Mg anode in Mg-air batteries, which further helps finding the tuning parameters to optimize its performance. [1] T. Zhang, Z. Tao, J. Chen, Magnesium-air batteries: From principle to application, Materials Horizons, 1 (2014) 196-206. [2] D. Höche, S.V. Lamaka, B. Vaghefinazari, T. Braun, R.P. Petrauskas, M. Fichtner, M.L. Zheludkevich, Performance boost for primary magnesium cells using iron complexing agents as electrolyte additives, Sci Rep, 8 (2018) 7578. [3] B. Vaghefinazari, D. Snihirova, C. Wang, L. Wang, M. Deng, D. Höche, S.V. Lamaka, M.L. Zheludkevich, Exploring the effect of sodium salt of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as an electrolyte additive on electrochemical behavior of a commercially pure Mg in primary Mg-air batteries, Journal of Power Sources, 527 (2022) 231176.
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Cho, Young-Eun, Young-Jun Lim, Jung-Suk Han, In-Sung Luke Yeo, and Hyung-In Yoon. "Effect of Yttria Content on the Translucency and Masking Ability of Yttria-Stabilized Tetragonal Zirconia Polycrystal." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 22, 2020): 4726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214726.
Анотація:
Translucent zirconia, manufactured by increasing the yttria content, offers improved translucency, but may have a negative effect on esthetic outcomes under clinical conditions such as discolored abutment because of the reflection of the underlying color. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the translucency parameter and masking ability of 3 mol % yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y-TZP (Katana HT)), 4Y-ZP (Katana STML), and 5Y-ZP (Katana UTML) with those of lithium disilicate (Rosetta SM). Zirconia and lithium disilicate specimens of 10 mm diameters and 0.8 and 1.5 mm thicknesses were fabricated. Their CIE L*a*b* values (L*, brightness; a*, red-green value; b*, yellow-blue value) were measured at the center of the specimens against black and white backgrounds using a spectrophotometer, and translucency parameter (TP) values were determined. The microstructure of the specimens was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Four cylindrical backgrounds of different shades were prepared. The zirconia and lithium disilicate specimens were placed on the backgrounds without any intervening medium. CIE L*a*b* values were obtained, and the color difference value (ΔE) was calculated. Thresholds for acceptability and perceptibility were assumed as ΔE = 5.5 and ΔE = 2.6, respectively, to evaluate masking ability. Data were compared using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc was performed using Scheffe’s test (α = 0.05). In zirconia specimens, the TP value increased as the yttria content increased from 3 mol %, through 4 mol % to 5 mol %, and all zirconia specimens showed lower TP values than lithium disilicate specimens did. All zirconia specimens showed optimal masking ability against a normal dentin shade (ND3) and acceptable masking ability against titanium at a minimum thickness of 1.5 mm. However, no zirconia specimen could mask severely discolored dentin (ND9), regardless of thickness. The decrease in zirconia thickness from 1.5 to 0.8 mm significantly increased translucency. Monolithic Y-TZP ceramics could mask a normal dentin background but could not mask severely discolored dentin at either 0.8 or 1.5 mm thicknesses.
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de Castro Neto, Arthur Cesário, Fernanda Oliveira Magalhaes, Isabella Cecilio Resende Ferreira, Gyovanna de Oliveira Silva, Natalia Escoura Vendramini, Maria Vilaça Omena Silva, Amanda Vilela Leão, et al. "Feed Consumption and Weight Gain in Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Rats Treated With Azadirachta Indica (Neem) and Plathymenia Reticulata." Journal of the Endocrine Society 5, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): A46—A47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvab048.092.
Анотація:
Abstract Introduction: Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss, Meliaceae) is a tree native to India that has several medicinal effects. It has been reported that the leaves and oil of Neem seeds present antihyperglycemic/hypoglycemic activity. Plathymenia reticulata benth, known as “vinhático”, is a Brazilian cerrado tree that has properties of pancreatic islet hyperplasia and glycemic control in diabetic rats. Objective: To verify weight gain correlating with feed intake in rats with type 1 and non-diabetic diabetes mellitus, undertreatment with Neem and Plathymenia and the association between them. Methodology: Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (65mg/kg) administration after a 24-hour fast. The diagnosis was made using a blood glucose value above 200mg/dl. The study was conducted in 60 male adult Wistar rats, weighing between 180 and 220 grams, divided into 9 groups, between diabetics (DM) and non-diabetic controls (NDC), and treated with Neem (300 mg/kg), cold aqueous extract of Plathymenia (100 mg/kg), water (negative control) and insulin (3 IU/day) – positive control; and association between plants. The treatment was performed by orogastric gavage for a period of 28 consecutive days, and weekly weight and daily feed intake were performed. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer’s pos-hoc test, Pearson correlation with a significance level of 5% through the SPSS25.0 software. The results are expressed on average ± EPM. Results: There was lower weight gain in diabetic rats undergoing neem treatment, compared with positive and negative control (-13.00 ± 5.13 vs 150.40 ± 6.80, vs 15.79 ± 7.25, p<0.001); the average daily feed intake was higher in rats treated with neem, compared with positive and negative control (42.00 ± 0.00 vs 26.00 ± 1.26 vs 33.83 ± 0.00; p=0,001). There was no significant difference between the other diabetic groups, except for positive control – insulin. There was also lower weight gain in control animals with Neem, compared with negative control (53.50 ± 4.21 vs 80.00 ± 5.76, p=0.010). The average daily food intake was higher in control animals with Neem compared to negative control (24.00 ± 0.00 vs 15.00 ± 0.00, p=0.029). There was a significant negative correlation between weight gain and food intake in the animals studied (p=0.005). Conclusion: The results allow evaluating a lower weight gain, with higher average daily food intake, in rats treated with Neem, both diabetic and control. This effect may indicate possible use of plant extract in prediabetics, obese diabetics and in the treatment of obesity.
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Mahdavi, Mohammad Ebrahim, Maryam Rezaeian, Homa Zarrinkoob, Mohsen Rezaeian, and Alireza Akbarzadeh. "Effect of a Dichotic Interaural Time Difference Program on Dichotic Listening Deficit of Children with Learning Difficulty." Journal of the American Academy of Audiology 32, no. 05 (May 2021): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1728753.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Dichotic listening deficit (DLD) is a common sign in children showing learning problem and is identified during auditory processing assessment. A dichotic listening training program was developed in which the weak ear lags behind the strong ear in time and has certain practices for switching attention between the ears and auditory memory. Purpose The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment program on dichotic performance of primary school children showing DLD. Research Design A pre/post clinical trial without control study. Study Sample Twenty-five primary school children, aged 7 to 12 years (mean = 9.3 years), showing DLD. Data Collection and Analysis Several primary schools referred the children with learning difficulty to us. We defined learning difficulty as a score of 2 and lower on a five-point scale in at least two primary school courses in the current semester. The children with DLD participated in listening practices three times a week for 10 weeks, each session lasting for 30 minutes. The practices started with one pair of dichotic digits and ended in practice with sentences. The weak ear lag varied from 100 to 1,000 milliseconds. In the last stage of the practices, the precued and postcued directed response aimed at strengthening auditory memory and switching attention between the ears. The results obtained by the tests of dichotic digits, competing words, and competing sentences before and after the intervention were compared using paired t-test. Hedges's g was calculated as the effect size. Results Comparison of the results of pretraining and those of posttraining revealed that the average dominant ear (DE) and nondominant ear (NDE) scores in dichotic listening tests improved significantly with medium-to-large effect sizes. It was also found that the mean change in the NDE score of the children was significantly greater than that of the DE score for all the tests. Conclusions Dichotic interaural time difference training that employed dichotic lag phenomenon followed by directed response practices significantly improved the DE and the NDE scores of the schoolchildren with DLD.
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Skov-Jeppesen, Sune Moeller, Knud Bonnet Yderstraede, Claus Bistrup, Boyle L. Jensen, Niels Marcussen, Milad Hanna, and Lars Lund. "Low-intensity shockwave therapy in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: a prospective Phase 1 study." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, no. 8 (December 22, 2018): 1385–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfy375.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Low-intensity shockwave therapy (LI-SWT) is suggested as a therapy for promoting tissue regeneration. In pigs, it was recently found that LI-SWT improved renal function after ischaemic injury. Our objectives were to study glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy (DN) after treatment with LI-SWT. The present pilot study reports on the clinical safety of LI-SWT in DN. Methods A total of 14 patients with diabetes mellitus and Stage 3 chronic kidney disease were recruited for this prospective, one-arm Phase 1 study. The patients were treated with six sessions of LI-SWT during a 3-week period. At each session, 3000 shockwaves were applied to each kidney with 0.265 mJ/mm2, extended focal size and 4 Hz. Follow-up visits were performed at 1, 3 and 6 months. Results In general, the treatment was well tolerated. Transient macroscopic haematuria was observed in three patients immediately after LI-SWT. The majority of patients experienced lower back tenderness lasting up to 2 days after treatment. There was no need for analgesic treatment. LI-SWT showed no negative effect on GFR and albuminuria. At baseline, median (interquartile range) GFR was 33.5 mL/min/1.73 m2 (27.8–43.8) compared with 36.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 (27.5–52.0) at 6 months follow-up. In parallel, median albuminuria was 256 mg/24 h (79–619) at baseline and tended to decrease to 137 mg/24 h (41–404) 6 months after LI-SWT. There was no statistical difference between baseline and follow-up results. Conclusions LI-SWT is a safe treatment for DN. Inclusion of more patients is needed to determine whether LI-SWT can improve renal functional outcomes.
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Choi, Jihye, So Jung Oh, and YoonKyoung Lee. "Development of Using Endings (“Eomi”) in Spontaneous Language Samples from 2- to 3-Year-Old Korean Children." Communication Sciences & Disorders 26, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 545–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12963/csd.21847.
Анотація:
Objectives: “Eomi” is known as an important grammatical marker in early Korean language development in that it can change the meaning of words, and their function in sentences. The purpose of this study was to investigate Eomi use in spontaneous language samples of young children.Methods: Fifty young children aged 2;6-3;11 participated and were classified into three age groups; late 2-year, early 3-year, and late 3-year groups. Spontaneous language samples were collected during reciprocal book reading procedure with examiners. The number of total Eomi (NTE), and the number of different Eomi (NDE) were counted for overall Eomi and its subcategories; Prefinal Eomi (PE), Connecting Eomi (CE), Transformative Eomi (TE), Sentence closing Eomi (SE). ANOVA and regression analysis were employed for investigating group difference and predicting variables for age, overall NTE and NDE.Results: The overall NTE significantly increased between the late 2-year group and the late 3-year group, and the overall NDE increased significantly between the late 2-yearold group and both 3-year groups. Analysis in Eomi subcategories showed a significant age effect in NTE and NDE of CE and TE. Regression analysis demonstrated that the NDE of TE (57.3%) and CE (6.1%) explained chronological age.Conclusion: Use of Eomi significantly increased during early childhood. The results imply that NDE along with NTE of overall and subcategories of Eomi should be considered in language assessment.
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Atrens, A., and W. Dietzel. "The Negative Difference Effect and Unipositive Mg+." Advanced Engineering Materials 9, no. 4 (April 2007): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200600275.
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Richard Benzinger, G., Gayle S. Tonkovich, and Dorothy A. Hanck. "Augmentation of Recovery from Inactivation by Site-3 Na Channel Toxins." Journal of General Physiology 113, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.113.2.333.
Анотація:
Site-3 toxins isolated from several species of scorpion and sea anemone bind to voltage-gated Na channels and prolong the time course of INa by interfering with inactivation with little or no effect on activation, effects that have similarities to those produced by genetic diseases in skeletal muscle (myotonias and periodic paralysis) and heart (long QT syndrome). Some published reports have also reported the presence of a noninactivating persistent current in site-3 toxin-treated cells. We have used the high affinity site-3 toxin Anthopleurin B to study the kinetics of this current and to evaluate kinetic differences between cardiac (in RT4-B8 cells) and neuronal (in N1E-115 cells) Na channels. By reverse transcription–PCR from N1E-115 cell RNA multiple Na channel transcripts were detected; most often isolated were sequences homologous to rBrII, although at low frequency sequences homologous to rPN1 and rBrIII were also detected. Toxin treatment induced a voltage-dependent plateau current in both isoforms for which the relative amplitude (plateau current/peak current) approached a constant value with depolarization, although the magnitude was much greater for neuronal (17%) than cardiac (5%) INa. Cell-attached patch recordings revealed distinct quantitative differences in open times and burst durations between isoforms, but for both isoforms the plateau current comprised discrete bursts separated by quiescent periods, consistent with toxin induction of an increase in the rate of recovery from inactivation rather than a modal failure of inactivation. In accord with this hypothesis, toxin increased the rate of whole-cell recovery at all tested voltages. Moreover, experimental data support a model whereby recovery at negative voltages is augmented through closed states rather than through the open state. We conclude that site-3 toxins produce qualitatively similar effects in cardiac and neuronal channels and discuss implications for channel kinetics.
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Bao, Tongyao, Lifeng Hou, Junli Sun, Xiaoda Liu, Huayun Du, Huan Wei, and Yinghui Wei. "Effect of Indium on the Negative Difference Effect for Magnesium Alloy." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 168, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 031515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/abee5c.
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Zhang, Zhengxiao, Lorian Taylor, Nusrat Shommu, Subrata Ghosh, Raylene Reimer, Remo Panaccione, Sandeep Kaur, et al. "A Diversified Dietary Pattern Is Associated With a Balanced Gut Microbial Composition of Faecalibacterium and Escherichia/Shigella in Patients With Crohn’s Disease in Remission." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 14, no. 11 (April 28, 2020): 1547–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjaa084.
Анотація:
Abstract Background and Aims Crohn’s disease [CD] is associated with alterations in gut microbial composition and function. The present controlled-intervention study investigated the relationship between patterns of dietary intake and baseline gut microbiota in CD patients in remission and examined the effects of a dietary intervention in patients consuming a non-diversified diet [NDD]. Methods Forty outpatients with quiescent CD were recruited in Calgary, Alberta, Canada. Based on 3-day food records, patients consuming a lower plant-based and higher red and processed meat-based diet were assigned to the NDD group [n = 15] and received a 12-week structured dietary intervention; all other patients were assigned to the diversified diet [DD] control group [n = 25] and received conventional management. Faecal microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids [SCFAs] and calprotectin were measured. Results At baseline the NDD and DD groups had a different faecal microbial beta-diversity [p = 0.003, permutational multivariate analysis of variance]. The NDD group had lower Faecalibacterium and higher Escherichia/Shigella relative abundances compared to the DD group [3.3 ± 5.4% vs. 8.5 ± 10.6%; 6.9 ± 12.2% vs. 1.6 ± 4.4%; p ≤ 0.03, analysis of covariance]. These two genera showed a strong negative correlation [rs = −0.60, q = 0.0002]. Faecal butyrate showed a positive correlation with Faecalibacterium [rs = 0.52, q = 0.002], and an inhibitory relationship with Escherichia/Shigella abundance [four-parameter sigmoidal model, R = −0.83; rs = −0.44, q = 0.01], respectively. After the 12 weeks of dietary intervention, no difference in microbial beta-diversity between the two groups was observed [p = 0.43]. The NDD group demonstrated an increase in Faecalibacterium [p < 0.05, generalized estimated equation model], and resembled the DD group at the end of the intervention [p = 0.84, t-test with permutation]. We did not find an association of diet with faecal SCFAs or calprotectin. Conclusions Dietary patterns are associated with specific gut microbial compositions in CD patients in remission. A diet intervention in patients consuming a NDD modifies gut microbial composition to resemble that seen in patients consuming a DD. These results show that diet is important in shaping the microbial dysbiosis signature in CD towards a balanced community.
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Bender, S., J. Goellner, A. Heyn, and S. Schmigalla. "A new theory for the negative difference effect in magnesium corrosion." Materials and Corrosion 63, no. 8 (August 9, 2011): 707–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201106225.
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Sharath, D., M. Menaka, and B. Venkatraman. "Defect Depth Quantification Using Pulsed Thermography." Advanced Materials Research 585 (November 2012): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.585.72.
Анотація:
Pulsed Thermography is an advanced NDE technique which is becoming popular due to fast inspection rate, non contact nature and it gives full field image. Pulsed Thermography is successfully applied for defect detection, defect depth estimation, coating thickness evaluation and delamination detection in coatings but it is limited for evaluation of subsurface defects (of the order of few mm). In this paper we discuss the application of Pulsed Thermography for defect quantification and effect of defect size on it in AISI 316 grade SS which are important structural materials used in nuclear and other industries. Log First Derivative method is considered for defect depth quantification and the results are compared with Finite Difference Modeling carried out using ThermoCalc 6L software.
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Zhou, Yunan, Matthias Hellberg, Thomas Hellmark, Peter Höglund, and Naomi Clyne. "Muscle mass and plasma myostatin after exercise training: a substudy of Renal Exercise (RENEXC)—a randomized controlled trial." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfz210.
Анотація:
Abstract Background Sarcopenia increases as renal function declines and is associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Myostatin is a negative regulator of muscle growth. Its expression in response to exercise is unclear. In this prespecified substudy of the Renal Exercise (RENEXC) trial, we investigated the effects of 12 months of exercise training on sarcopenia, muscle mass and plasma myostatin and the relationships between physical performance, muscle mass and plasma myostatin. Methods A total of 151 non-dialysis-dependent patients (average measured glomerular filtration rate 23 ± 8 mL/min/1.73 m2), irrespective of age or comorbidity, were randomly assigned to either strength or balance in combination with endurance training. Body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Plasma myostatin was analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. Results After 12 months, the prevalence of sarcopenia was unchanged, leg and whole-body lean mass increased significantly in the balance group and was unchanged in the strength group. Whole fat mass decreased significantly in both groups. There were no significant between-group differences in sarcopenia or body composition. Plasma myostatin levels increased significantly in both groups, with a significant difference in favour of the strength group. Plasma myostatin was significantly positively related to muscle mass and physical performance at baseline, but these relationships were attenuated after 12 months. Conclusions Exercise training seems to be effective in preventing sarcopenia and maintaining muscle mass in non-dialysis-dependent patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the role of plasma myostatin on muscle mass and physical performance in patients with CKD warrants further study.
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Hamby, Tyler. "Difference in Generality Between Item Pairs Mediates Effect of Difference in Items’ Lengths on Inter-Item Correlation Size." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 36, no. 8 (May 19, 2017): 816–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282917709740.
Анотація:
In this study, the author examined potential mediators of the negative relationship between the absolute difference in items’ lengths and their inter-item correlation size. Fifty-two randomly ordered items from five personality scales were administered to 622 university students, and 46 respondents from a survey website rated the items’ readability, clarity, and generality. Based on prior research, the author hypothesized that the difference in mean ratings of item pairs’ generality, but not readability or clarity, would mediate the negative relationship between the difference in the item pairs’ lengths and their inter-item correlation size. In pairs of items, difference in item length was negatively correlated with inter-item correlation size. However, only difference in ratings of generality, not readability or clarity, was associated with correlation size, and as predicted, it mediated the relationship between item length and correlation size. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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JAFFER, SAJJIDA, VASILY VOROBYOV, and FRANK SENGPIEL. "Effects of different forms of monocular deprivation on primary visual cortex maps." Visual Neuroscience 29, no. 4-5 (August 13, 2012): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952523812000260.
Анотація:
AbstractMonocular deprivation (MD) by lid suture is one of the classic paradigms for the study of developmental plasticity in the cerebral cortex, and we have detailed knowledge of its anatomical and physiological consequences as well as underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms. However, the effects of other forms of manipulating visual input through one eye on the functional architecture of the primary visual cortex (V1) have not yet been examined directly. We compared MD by lid suture with the effects of daily monocular lens wear using either a frosted lens or a neutral density (ND) filter. We used optical imaging of intrinsic signals and visually evoked potentials (VEPs) to assess responses in V1 to monocular stimulation. We found that loss of stimulus contrast through monocular frosted lens wear resulted in marked takeover of cortical territory by the nondeprived eye (NDE) similar to that caused by classic MD, and in virtual absence of orientation-selective responses following stimulation of the deprived eye (DE). Furthermore, amplitudes of VEPs in response to gratings of a range of spatial frequencies were significantly reduced in the DE compared to the NDE. In contrast, differences in luminance between two eyes caused by an ND filter in front of one eye did not affect ocular dominance and orientation maps, and there was no significant difference in the amplitude of VEPs elicited through the two eyes. Our results are consistent with previous electrophysiological studies in demonstrating that binocular pattern information is necessary to maintain normal functional maps in both eyes, while reduced luminance in one eye has little effect on the overall functional architecture and visual responses in V1.
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Du, Yan, Yong Fang Bao, and Yuan Wang. "Research of Epsilon-Negative Material and its Electromagnetic Shielding Effect." Advanced Materials Research 893 (February 2014): 781–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.893.781.
Анотація:
This article discusses the physical theory and mathematical modeling of epsilon-negative (ENG) material. Numerical simulation results are also given in later part of this article, and they prove that this kind of material has a great shielding effect. We mainly focus on the modeling and simulation of one dimensional epsilon-negative (ENG) material. First we set up a Drude model to theoretically simulate ENG material, and then use the finite difference time-domain methods to analyze the electromagnetic wave propagation in our shielding material.
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Zhang, Yin-ling, Li-jun Xiao, Yu Ma, and Dan-min Miao. "EFFECT OF FRAMING ON RISKY CHOICE: ONE CASE STUDY IN CHINA." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 5 (January 1, 2008): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.5.651.
Анотація:
The effect of framing on Chinese undergraduates was explored using Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) well-known Asian Disease Problem. Participants were divided into three groups with different formats: positive, negative, and balanced format, respectively. There was a significant difference between the Chinese sample and Tversky and Kahneman's American sample under positive format, but no difference under the negative format. Chinese students were more prone to risky options. Results of the Chinese sample showed that the type of framing effect was unidirectional, characterized by predominant risk seeking under both framing conditions, with more risk seeking under the negative frame than the positive frame. The framing effect was evaluated using the balanced format condition as an objective measure of the existing risk preference. Results suggest that the military participants were influenced by both positive format and negative format, and in the Chinese civil sample the negative format had an important effect. These findings expand the literature on risk decision by demonstrating the framing effect and comparing results from Chinese and American participants.
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Han, Zhong, Jianmin Guo, Feibiao Meng, Haifeng Liao, Yinghua Deng, Yuankeng Huang, Xialing Lei, Chun Liang, Richou Han, and Wei Yang. "Genetic Toxicology and Safety Pharmacological Evaluation of Forsythin." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 18, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6610793.
Анотація:
Introduction. Forsythin is the main ingredient of Forsythia suspensa and is widely used in treatment of fever, viral cold, gonorrhea, and ulcers clinically. This study aimed to evaluate the potential genetic toxicity of forsythin and its safety for human use. Methods. Based on the Good Laboratory Practice regulations and test guidelines, the genetic toxicity of forsythin was assessed by the Ames test, chromosome aberration (CA) test, and bone marrow micronucleus (MN) test in vivo. In the Ames test, five strains of Salmonella typhimurium were exposed to different concentrations of forsythin in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture, and then, the number of His + revertant colonies was counted. In the CA test, Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells were treated with different concentrations of forsythin, mitomycin C, or cyclophosphamide in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture, and the chromosomal aberrations were determined. In the MN test, bone marrow was isolated from the mice with different treatments, and the ratios of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCE) and erythrocytes (PCE/(PCE + NCE)) were measured. Finally, beagle dogs were divided into four groups (negative control, low dose, medium dose, and high dose groups), and then, a telemetry system was used to evaluate the safe use of forsythin. Results. Ames test results showed that the number of colonies in all test strains with different treatments showed no significantly dose-dependent increase in the presence or absence of the S9 mixture ( p > 0.05 ). In the CA test, the number of cells with aberrations in the CHL fibroblast cells treated with low, medium, and high doses of forsythin for 24/48 h in the absence of the S9 mixture was, respectively, 5.0/2.5, 4.5/1.5, and 5.0/5.0, and in the presence of the S9 mixture, the number was, respectively, 5.0, 5.0, and 4.5. These results showed that there was no significant difference compared to the negative control group either in the presence (2.0) or in the absence (4.0/2.5 for 24/48 h) of the S9 mixture ( p > 0.05 ). The MN test showed that the values of PCE/(PCE + NCE) in the negative, positive controls, and forsythin treatment groups were all more than 20%, which indicated that forsythin had no cytotoxicity. Additionally, no significant toxicological effects of forsythin on blood pressure, respiration, temperature, electrocardiogram, and other physiological indicators in the conscious beagle dogs of different groups were observed by the telemetry method. Conclusion. Our findings showed that forsythin has low probability of genetic toxicity and no significant toxicological effects, which implied that forsythin is suitable for further development and potential application.
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Cingi, Cemal, Görkem Eskiizmir, Dilek Burukoğlu, Nagehan Erdoğmuş, Ahmet Ural, and Halis Ünlü. "The Histopathological Effect of Thymoquinone on Experimentally Induced Rhinosinusitis in Rats." American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy 25, no. 6 (November 2011): e268-e272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/ajra.2011.25.3703.
Анотація:
Background Rhinosinusitis is a common disorder and its treatment includes a variety of topical and systemic drugs. This study was designed to determine the histopathological effect of thymoquinone on experimentally induced rhinosinusitis in rats. Methods Sixty rats were randomly allocated into 3 test and 2 control groups, each of which consisted of 12 animals. The rhinosinusitis model was induced using intranasal application of platelet-activating factor. In test groups, the animals were separated into groups: (1) rhinosinusitis-antibiotherapy, (2) rhinosinusitis-thymoquinone, (3) rhinosinusitis-combination therapy. The positive and negative control groups were defined: rhinosinusitis group without any treatment and the group without rhinosinusitis, respectively. The histopathological features (vascular congestion, inflammation, and epithelial injury) in nasal respiratory and olfactory mucosa of animals were examined and graded according to their severity. A quantitative and statistical analysis of histopathological features was performed. Results All histopathological features showed statistically significant differences between negative and positive control groups, respectively. Conversely, neither the group with rhinosinusitis-antibiotherapy nor the group with rhinosinusitis-thymoquinone had a statistically significant difference with the negative control group. Moreover, none of the histopathological features showed a statistically significant difference, when the group with rhinosinusitis-antibiotherapy and the group with rhinosinusitis-thymoquinone were compared. A statistically significant difference was not determined when the group with rhinosinusitis-combination therapy was compared with the group with rhinosinusitis-thymoquinone. The histopathological features did not show a statistically significant difference between the group with combination therapy and the negative control Conclusion Thymoquinone is a promising bioactive agent for the treatment of rhinosinusitis, and its histopathological effect is as equivalent as an antibiotic.
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Kurchavov, D., M. Haddad, V. Lair, and P. Volovitch. "Mg-alloys in water – hydrophilic ionic liquid mixtures: Is there a negative difference effect?" Corrosion Science 200 (May 2022): 110178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2022.110178.
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Li, C. Q., D. K. Xu, Z. R. Zhang, and E. H. Han. "Influence of the lithium content on the negative difference effect of Mg-Li alloys." Journal of Materials Science & Technology 57 (November 2020): 138–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2020.03.046.
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Pecetti, Luciano, and Lamberto Borrelli. "Wheat yield as a measure of the residual fertility after 20 years of forage cropping systems with different manure management in Northern Italy." Italian Journal of Agronomy 14, no. 3 (July 22, 2019): 142–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2019.1359.
Анотація:
After 20 years of application of different manure types, cropping systems and additional nitrogen (N) levels, their residual fertility effects were compared by measuring the yield of a following unfertilised wheat crop (Experiment 1), which was sown on exactly the same plots of the previous long-term trial. All previously applied factors caused significant differences in wheat yield. Wheat yielded more on plots that had received farmyard manure (FMY) compared to those where semi-liquid manure (SLM) was previously applied. Long-term application of a semi-intensive rotation, with three years of annual double cropping of autumnsown Italian ryegrass and spring-sown silage maize followed by three years of mown lucerne (R6), resulted in higher wheat yield than application of just the annual double cropping of Italian ryegrass and silage maize (R1). Application of further mineral N fertilisation to previous cropping systems caused higher yield of the subsequent wheat crop. The difference in wheat yield between the R6 and R1 systems was greater with SLM (+28%) than FYM application (+11%) resulting in a significant manure × system interaction. A companion experiment (Experiment 2) was carried out to compute the nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) from the yield of wheat plots that were sown after ploughing a nearby 20- year unfertilised grassland and received four levels of mineral N fertilisation. NAE was further used to empirically estimate the productive advantage (PA) conferred by previous manure-systemmineral nitrogen combinations in the long-term trial. PA was measured as equivalent kg of mineral N to be applied to wheat to achieve the yield level recorded after any previous combination. The estimated PA values were much higher when wheat followed FYM compared to SLM application, and when it followed R6 compared to R1 system. The SLM-R1 combination had negative PA values, indicating a productive disadvantage on wheat of this preceding combination. The enhancement of residual soil fertility by long-term application of FYM compared to SLM could be attributed to greater nutrient provision during the years by FYM than by SLM. However, further fertility advantages of FYM are discussed. Despite lower nutrient supply by organic fertilisers in R6 than in R1 system, the former had higher residual fertility. The presence of lucerne in the R6 rotation likely enriched the soil in nitrogen and increased its availability for following cropping. Possible benefits of the legume on the soil suppressiveness might have been a further asset of the R6 system.
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Kondo, Maiko, Amit Uppal, and Harold Horowitz. "De-escalation of Antibiotics in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock at a Large Municipal Hospital." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 41, S1 (October 2020): s183—s184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2020.719.
Анотація:
Background: Early de-escalation of antibiotics in sepsis may be safe and effective. In our study, we performed a retrospective chart review of patients admitted to a large municipal hospital who were treated for severe sepsis or septic shock to compare outcomes in patients who experienced early de-escalation (DEG) with outcomes of those who did not (NDG).Methods: The observational study was conducted at Bellevue Hospital Center (an 850-bed municipal hospital affiliated with New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY). Patients admitted from January 1 to December 31, 2015, who were treated for severe sepsis or septic shock during any time of their hospital stay were reviewed for the study. De-escalation was defined as narrowing or discontinuation of 1 or more antimicrobial therapies < 3 days after sepsis onset. Results: Overall, 277 patients were included (DEG, 90 patients, 32%; NDG, 187 patients, 68%). The groups were similar in terms of sex, comorbidities, length of stay, and severity of illness: septic shock (47% DEG vs 49% NDG; P = .693) and ICU stay (27% DEG vs 32% NDG; P = .406). DEG patients were slightly older than NDG patients: (DEG age, 63+16 years vs NDE age, 58+16 years; P = .028). There was no difference in hospital mortality (8% DEG vs 12% NDE; P = .257). Nearly half of the patients in both groups (46% DEG and 47% NDG) had no causative microorganisms identified using conventional microbiology culture. The common sources of primary infection were respiratory, urinary tract, and gastrointestinal infections, and these were not different between groups. Also, 69% of DEG patients and 79% of NDG patients received antibiotics for >7 days (P = .002). Empiric intravenous vancomycin was initiated in 83% in DEG patients and 74% in NDG patients at sepsis diagnosis. Although organisms covered by intravenous vancomycin were isolated from only 17% of patients in DEG and 23% in NDG, vancomycin was continued for >5 days in 34% of DEG patients and 50.3% of NDG patients (P < .001). 60% of patients in DEG and 61% in NDG were seen by infectious diseases specialists (ID). Patients with infectious diseases consultations had significantly more comorbidities, were more frequently in the ICU, had higher MDRO isolation and longer hospital stays, but they were still de-escalated without a difference in mortality. Conclusions: Microbiology data did not contribute to early de-escalation of antibiotics in this study. This finding may be related to the high percentage of negative culture and unavailability of rapid molecular diagnostic tests. Shorter duration of antibiotics (including vancomycin) was not associated with worse outcome in these severely ill patients.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None
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Cui, Zhipeng, Junying Liu, Bo Xia, and Yaxiao Cheng. "Beyond national culture difference." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 26, no. 7 (August 19, 2019): 1476–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-04-2018-0182.
Анотація:
PurposeInternational construction joint ventures (ICJVs) have been widely used as a temporary arrangement in many projects all over the world, especially in megaprojects. Within ICJVs, the national culture difference between partners affects their cooperation significantly. However, prior research has provided contradictory empirical evidence regarding these impacts. To address this problem, the purpose of this paper is to introduce cultural intelligence that judges an individual’s capability to function and manage effectively in culturally diverse settings as a moderating variable.Design/methodology/approachMultiple regression analysis and moderated multiple regression were undertaken to test proposed hypotheses. A questionnaire survey was conducted with international construction practitioners who had experiences of managing or participating in ICJVs.FindingsThe result of multiple regression analysis revealed that difference in national culture has significant negative effects on information exchange, shared problem solving and flexibility when asking for changes, thus effecting cooperation within ICJVs. Meanwhile, cultural intelligence of members can weaken these negative influences.Practical implicationsFirst, given that national culture difference affects negatively on the cooperation within ICJVs, it needs to be regarded as one of vital resources of risk which should be prevented and managed when attending ICJVs; Second, managers should build a series of mutually agreeable regulations and rules to lessen the negative effect of national culture difference; Third, it is recommended that ICJV management teams contain as many work-experienced members as possible and members within ICJVs, especially new staff, receive cross-cultural training termly to facilitate the cooperation between partners.Originality/valueThis research reveals the moderating effects of cultural intelligence on the relationship between national culture difference and cooperation in ICJVs as well as provides practical implications for ICJV managers to deal with national culture difference and reduce its negative impact on cooperation within ICJVs.
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Araldi, R. P., T. C. Melo, N. Diniz, J. Mazzuchelli-de-Souza, R. F. Carvalho, W. Beçak, and R. C. Stocco. "Bovine Papillomavirus Clastogenic Effect Analyzed in Comet Assay." BioMed Research International 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/630683.
Анотація:
Bovine papillomavirus (BPV) is an oncogenic virus related to serious livestock diseases. Oncoproteins encoded by BPV are involved in several steps of cellular transformation and have been reported as presenting clastogenic effects in peripheral lymphocytes and primary culture cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clastogenic potential of BPV types 1, 2, and 4 by comet assay. Peripheral blood was collected from 37 bovines, 32 infected with different levels of papillomatosis (12 animals have no affection) and five calves, virus free (negative control). The viral identification showed presence of more than one virus type in 59.375% of the infected animals. Comet assay was performed according to alkaline technique. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed statistical difference between the negative control group and infected animals (P=0.0015). The Dunn post hoc test showed difference comparing the infected animals with calves. Mann-WhitneyUtest verified no difference between animals infected with only one viral type and animals presenting more than one viral type. The comet assay is considered an efficient tool for assessment of damage in the host chromatin due to viral action, specifically highlighting viral activity in blood cells.
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Ranaeiy, Samira, Mohammad Reza Taghavi, and Mohammad Ali Goodarzi. "The Effect of Loneliness on Social Networking Sites Use and Its Related Behaviors." Global Journal of Health Science 8, no. 8 (December 18, 2015): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v8n8p162.
Анотація:
<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>The current research was conducted to examine the effect of “Loneliness”, on time spent in Social Networking Sites (S.N.S), main reasons for S.N.S use, and its related behaviors.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS & METHODS: </strong>156 students of Shiraz University voluntarily participated in this research. Loneliness was assessed usingthe UCLA Loneliness scale. 25% of highest scoring students reported that they were lonely whereas 25% of the lowest scoring students were considered to be non-lonely. The positive and negative reasons of using S.N.S were assessed based on Reasons for Internet Use Scale, and internet behaviors were assessed based on Scale of Internet Behaviors.</p><p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>There was no difference in time spent in S.N.S as well as the positive and negative reasons of using S.N.S (contrary to literature), but internet behaviors showed a significant difference between “lonely” and “non-lonely” individuals. “Lonely” and “non-lonely” individuals showed a significant difference in “social aspect” of S.N.S behaviors. There was also a significant difference between “Lonely” and “non-Lonely” individuals in “Negative impact” of S.N.S behaviors. Yet, there seemed to be no difference in “competency and convenience aspect” of S.N.S behaviors.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSIONS: </strong>This study suggested that there is no difference between lonely and non-lonely individuals in reasons for using S.N.S and time spent in S.N.S. This finding stands contrary to previous research findings and general literature on the subject In other words, what drives people to S.N.S at the first place shows no significant difference between lonely and non-lonely individuals while after attending S.N.S, social behavior of lonely individuals shows a significant difference which is consistently enhanced online. Lonely people also significantly develop internet-related problems in their daily functioning, including interference with real life socializing.</p>
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Liu, Xinmiao. "The Effect of Mood on Predictive Sentence Processing by Older Adults." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211015683.
Анотація:
This study examined the effect of mood on predictive sentence processing by older adults. A self-paced reading task was implemented among a group of younger adults and older adults to measure their performance in online sentence processing. Half of the sentences were highly predictable, whereas the other half were lowly predictable. Music was used to induce positive or negative mood. Results show that in the positive mood condition, highly predictable sentences were processed more efficiently than lowly predictable sentences in both older and younger adults, but no significant age difference was found in the effect of predictability. In the negative mood condition, younger adults processed highly predictable sentences more efficiently than lowly predictable sentences, but there was no significant difference in reading times between the different types of sentences in older adults. The findings suggest that predictive sentence processing might be inhibited by negative mood in older adults. Practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Ranjbar, F., M. Sabagh Razavi, M. A. Ghorayshizadeh, J. Shokri, and M. Asadlo. "Effect of selegiline augmentation with antipsychotic drugs on treatment of the negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenic disorder." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 1486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)73190-x.
Анотація:
IntroductionConsidering the shortcomings of antipsychotics in treatment of negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients, the use of augmentation treatment for decreasing the negative symptoms is highly important.AimsThe aim of this research was to study the effect of selegiline augmentation with antipsychotic drugs in decreasing the negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients.MethodsIn this double blind randomized control trial study 70 schizophrenic in- patients who were under treatment with antipsychotics were randomly divided into two intervention and control groups. The patients of both groups were given placebo for two weeks along with antipsychotics. For 12 weeks the intervention group was given selegiline 10 mg/day and control group was given placebo. The patients were evaluated with PANSS scale and Hamilton depression test at the end of first and second weeks and then at the end of every other week for twelve weeks. Then the results were analyzed statistically.ResultsThere was no significant difference between intervention and control groups considering PANSS score on first and second weeks, but the difference on 4-14 weeks was statistically significant. There was also no statistically significant difference in Hamilton depression Test between the two groups in first to 10 Th weeks. But the difference was statistically significant in 12–14 weeks.ConclusionsAugmentation treatment with selegiline can improve the negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients.
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Kato, Ryo, Kazuo Hoshino, Haruhisa Nakano, Takanori Shibata, Kenji Miyamoto, Kengo Iwanaka, Katsuya Hayashi, and Akiyoshi Hatayama. "Numerical analysis of isotope effect in NIFS negative ion source." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2244, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2244/1/012035.
Анотація:
Abstract Result of hydrogen (H) and deuterium (D) experiments done by NIFS research and development negative ion source (RNIS) demonstrated that the co-extracted electron current with the negative ions and the electron density in the driver region in the D experiment have been around three times higher than that in the H experiment. To investigate mechanism of this difference, electron transport simulation using 3D kinetic particle tracking model KEIO-MARC code has been modified and applied to analysis of the isotope effect in the NIFS negative ion source. Simulation result suggests that impacts of isotope effects of sheath potential drop, coulomb collisions, and some reactions of ground state molecules and ions on the electron density is not large to explain the experimental result of the increase in the electron density in the plasma.
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Mikhailov, A. V., A. H. Depueva, and V. H. Depuev. "Daytime F2-layer negative storm effect: what is the difference between storm-induced and Q-disturbance events?" Annales Geophysicae 25, no. 7 (July 30, 2007): 1531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-25-1531-2007.
Анотація:
Abstract. Negative F2-layer storms related to geomagnetic activity and quiet-time disturbances (Q-disturbances) belong to different classes of events and exhibit different morphology. Mid-latitude daytime Q-disturbances, unlike the usual negative F2-layer storms, demonstrate NmF2 and hmF2 in-phase variations. An analysis of Millstone Hill ISR observations for usual and Q-disturbances has shown the difference in the controlling aeronomic parameter variations for the two classes of events. The decrease in atomic oxygen concentration provides the main contribution to the hmF2 decrease below the monthly median level during Q-disturbance events. Unlike the usual negative storms, the negative effect takes place in the whole topside ionosphere under Q-disturbance conditions. The difference is due to different effective plasma scale heights in the two cases. Clustering of the usual negative F2-layer disturbances around equinoxes and Q-disturbances around winter solstice, as well as different latitudinal variations for the occurrence of the two types of disturbances is due to their different formation mechanisms.
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YU-BING, DONG, SU JUNCHEN, and WU SHISHU. "THE RETARDATION EFFECT ON 1P1 STATES OF HEAVY QUARKONIUM." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 19 (June 21, 1994): 1777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394001623.
Анотація:
By employing the two-body relativistic equation as the starting point to calculate the spin-averaged spectrum of heavy quarkonium, we obtain a negative P-state energy difference ΔEP=E(3Pcog)−E(1P1) of charmonium, which fits the data.
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Boyd, R. D., J. D. Glazier, C. P. Sibley, and B. S. Ward. "Maternofetal potential difference in pigs." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 257, no. 1 (July 1, 1989): R37—R43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1989.257.1.r37.
Анотація:
The maternofetal potential difference (PD) between catheters in maternal and fetal blood vessels has been measured in conscious sows between 97 and 107 days of gestation. The maternofetal PD was -18 +/- 4 mV (mean +/- SE, n = 13, fetus negative) on the day of surgery and -29 +/- 5 mV (n = 6) on the day after surgery. Injection of 2, 20, or 200 micrograms of epinephrine into the fetuses caused a marked rapid change in maternofetal PD such that the fetus became less negative and, in some cases, became positive with respect to the mother. The maximum change, obtained with 20 micrograms, was 19.9 +/- 5.6 mV (n = 7); measurements of fetal plasma epinephrine concentrations (using high-performance liquid chromatography) after injection of this dose gave a time 0-extrapolated concentration of 436.5 +/- 169.0 nmol/l (n = 4). Injection of 20 micrograms of the beta-agonist isoprenaline caused a maximum change in PD of 20 +/- 4 mV (n = 6); 2 mg of the alpha-agonist phenylephrine was required to produce a similar change (15 +/- 2 mV, n = 6). Injection of the beta-antagonist propranolol (1 mg) reduced the effect of 20 micrograms epinephrine by 40%. The effect of catecholamine on maternofetal PD is similar in polarity and specificity to that found for transplacental PD in vitro in the same species. There is, however, a difference between resting maternofetal and transplacental PD that remains unexplained.
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Chong*, Calvin, and Adam Dale. "Rooting Woody Stem Cuttings in Grape Pomace Media Amended with Composted Bark, Perlite or Peat." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 788B—788. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.788b.
Анотація:
Terminal stem cuttings of seven woody nursery species [boxwood (Buxus sempervirens L. `Green Mountain'), coralberry (Symphoricarpus × chenaultii Rehd. `Hancock'), lilac (Syringa velutina Kom.), Peegee hydrangea (Hydrangea paniculata Siebold. `Grandiflora'), purple-leaf sandcherry (Prunus × cistena N.E. Hansen), Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L. `Lucy'), and winged spindle-tree (Euonymus alata Thunb.) Siebold. `Compacta')] were rooted under outdoor lath (50% shade) and mist in leached rooting media consisting of 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% by volume of 2-year-old grape pomace amended in binary mixtures with sphagnum peat, perlite or composted bark. Rooting performance, expressed in terms of percent rooting, mean root number per rooted cutting, and length of the longest root per cutting, was regressed on level of pomace. When there were differences due to amendments, most species rooted better with perlite than with bark and peat, to a lesser degree, due in part to more favourable air-filled porosities with perlite (33% to 42%) than with bark (29% to 37%) or peat (24% to 35%). With boxwood, increasing level of pomace up to ≈60%, especially when mixed with perlite or peat, resulted in substantial increases in rooting percentage, root number and length. All three rooting parameters of winged spindle-tree decreased linearly with increasing level of pomace with perlite or bark. The effect of pomace level on other species varied between these extremes with little or no negative effect on rooting.
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Wu, Meng-Chieh, Chun-Yi Huang, Fu-Chen Kuo, Wen-Hung Hsu, Sophie S. W. Wang, Hsiang-Yao Shih, Chung-Jung Liu, et al. "The Effect ofHelicobacter pyloriEradication on the Levels of Essential Trace Elements." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/513725.
Анотація:
Objective. This study was designed to compare the effect ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) infection treatment on serum zinc, copper, and selenium levels.Patients and Methods. We measured the serum zinc, copper, and selenium levels inH. pylori-positive andH. pylori-negative patients. We also evaluated the serum levels of these trace elements afterH. pylorieradication. These serum copper, zinc, and selenium levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Results. Sixty-threeH. pylori-positive patients and thirtyH. pylori-negative patients were studied. Serum copper, zinc, and selenium levels had no significant difference betweenH. pylori-positive andH. pylori-negative groups. There were 49 patients with successfulH. pylorieradication. The serum selenium levels were lower after successfulH. pylorieradication, but not significantly (P=0.06). There were 14 patients with failedH. pylorieradication. In this failed group, the serum selenium level afterH. pylorieradication therapy was significantly lower than that beforeH. pylorieradication therapy (P<0.05). The serum zinc and copper levels had no significant difference between before and afterH. pylorieradication therapies.Conclusion.H pylorieradication regimen appears to influence the serum selenium concentration (IRB number: KMUH-IRB-20120327).
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Weber, Cristina R., Gerhard Knörnschild, and Luís F. P. Dick. "The negative-difference effect during the localized corrosion of magnesium and of the AZ91HP alloy." Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 14, no. 4 (August 2003): 584–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-50532003000400015.
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Lee, Choong Do, Choon Sik Kang, and Kwang Seon Shin. "Effects of chunk breakage and surface protective film on negative difference effect of magnesium alloys." Metals and Materials International 7, no. 4 (July 2001): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03186084.
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Höche, Daniel, Carsten Blawert, Sviatlana V. Lamaka, Nico Scharnagl, Chamini Mendis, and Mikhail L. Zheludkevich. "The effect of iron re-deposition on the corrosion of impurity-containing magnesium." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 2 (2016): 1279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cp05577f.
Анотація:
Magnesium corrosion and the negative difference effect have been explained by linking an iron re-deposition mechanism and electrochemical desorption reactions (Heyrovsky-type) to recent experimental results.
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Puram, Sreenivasulu, Hyung Chae Suh, Seung Un Kim, Bharathi Bethapudi, Joshua Allan Joseph, Amit Agarwal, and Venkateswarlu Kudiganti. "Effect of GutGard in the Management ofHelicobacter pylori: A Randomized Double Blind Placebo Controlled Study." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/263805.
Анотація:
A randomized, double blind placebo controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GutGard (root extract ofGlycyrrhiza glabra) in the management ofHelicobacter pylori(H. pylori) gastric load. Participants diagnosed withH. pyloriinfection were randomly assigned to two groups to orally receive 150 mg of GutGard (n=55) or placebo (n=52) once daily for 60 days.H. pyloriinfection was assessed using13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) at days 0, 30, and 60. Stool Antigen test (HpSA) was also performed on days 0, 30, and 60. Repeated measures of analysis of variance (RMANOVA), chi-square, and Fisher's exact probability tests were used to compare the treatment outcomes. A significant interaction effect between group and time (P=0.00) and significant difference in mean Delta Over Baseline (DOB) values between GutGard (n=50) and placebo (n=50) treated groups after intervention period were observed. On day 60, the results of HpSA test were negative in 28 subjects (56%) in GutGard treated group whereas in placebo treated group only 2 subjects (4%) showed negative response; the difference between the groups was statistically significant. On day 60, the results of13C-UBT were negative in 24 (48%) in GutGard treated group and the difference between the groups was statistically significant. The findings suggest GutGard is effective in the management ofH. pylori.
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Rahim, Mohammad Zulafif, Song Lin Ding, and John Mo. "Electrical Discharge Grinding (EDG) of Polycrystalline Diamond - Effect of Machining Polarity." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 628–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.628.
Анотація:
Electrical discharge grinding (EDG) is an advanced machining process and can be utilised to fabricate complex geometry of PCD tools. However, the PCD removal mechanism in this process is complicated. This study was carried out to understand the difference in PCD surface structure with difference EDG polarities. The study revealed that the finishing process with negative polarity is the reason for the porous structure on the surface. Further analysis on the chemical element and carbon structure were implemented as the morphological examination of the surface.
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Avery Williams, Kripa Shrestha, Alexis Cruz, Anastazia Gilman, Jonathan Huynh, Justin Vaughan, and Ariel Santos. "Effect of negative pressure wound therapy in exploratory laparotomies with coexisting ostomy." Southwest Respiratory and Critical Care Chronicles 10, no. 44 (July 22, 2022): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.12746/swrccc.v10i44.1061.
Анотація:
Background:
Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections. The use of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has shown to decrease the overall rate of SSI, wound dehiscence, and length of hospital stay in surgical conditions. This study aims to determine the impact of NPWT applied on closed surgical incisions on patients with coexisting ostomy undergoing exploratory laparotomy.
Methods:
A retrospective study on patients who underwent exploratory laparotomies from 2017 to 2019 was conducted. NPWT was compared to standard post-operative surgical wound dressing. A sub-analysis of patients with ostomies was performed.
Results:
A total of 286 patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy were identified; 51 patients received NPWT and 235 received standard dressing. The NPWT group had a higher percentage of patients with an ostomy (37.3% vs 20.4%, P=.016), of which 25.5% were colostomies (vs 12.3%) and 11.8% were ileostomies (vs 8.1%) with P=.002. No significant difference in the overall rate of SSI (7.8% vs 5.5%, P= .517), wound dehiscence (7.8% vs 2.1 %, P=.057), and seroma formation (3.9% vs 2.1%, P=.612) were observed. The mean length of ICU stay (3.5 vs 7.0, P=.051) and unplanned reoperation (5.9% vs 16.6%, P=.051) were lower in the NPWT group compared to the control group. Sub analysis of patients with stoma found no significant difference in SSI.
Conclusions:
In our study, the use of NPWT on closed surgical incision wound was not associated with the reduction of SSI in patients with ostomies. Large studies are needed to ascertain significant benefits in patients with ostomies.
Keywords: negative pressure wound therapy, surgical site infection, ostomy, exploratory laparotomy
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Amzulescu, Marius-Gabriel, Andreea-Ionela Chiscop, Diana-Nicol Marin, Cristina Lare, and Andra-Maria Popescu. "Effects of Negative Emotions on Cognitive Schemas." Studia Doctoralia 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47040/sd/sdpsych.v11i1.108.
Анотація:
The present study investigates the effect of negative emotions (focusing on disappointment, sadness and regret) on cognitive schemas. The sample consist in students from the University of Bucharest (convenience groups). A univariate unifactorial experimental design was used, as the current study had one independent variable, negative emotions, and a dependent variable, cognitive schemas, which was measured with the Core Beliefs Questionnaire instrument. We applied T test for independent samples, using SPSS. The t test was statistically significant, t (45) = 2.57, p <0.05. The confidence interval (95%) for the difference between the averages is between 2.95 and 24.35. After applying the intervention, the evaluated sample (M = 43.17, SD = 29,074) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (M = 29.52, SD = 11.257). The data collected support the main research hypothesis of the study, negative emotions can bring about changes in certain cognitive schemas by modifying, altering or disrupting them.
46
Amzulescu, Marius-Gabriel, Andreea-Ionela Chiscop, Diana-Nicol Marin, Cristina Lare, and Andra-Maria Popescu. "Effects of Negative Emotions on Cognitive Schemas." Studia Doctoralia 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.47040/sd0000083.
Анотація:
The present study investigates the effect of negative emotions (focusing on disappointment, sadness and regret) on cognitive schemas. The sample consist in students from the University of Bucharest (convenience groups). A univariate unifactorial experimental design was used, as the current study had one independent variable, negative emotions, and a dependent variable, cognitive schemas, which was measured with the Core Beliefs Questionnaire instrument. We applied T test for independent samples, using SPSS. The t test was statistically significant, t (45) = 2.57, p <0.05. The confidence interval (95%) for the difference between the averages is between 2.95 and 24.35. After applying the intervention, the evaluated sample (M = 43.17, SD = 29,074) showed a statistically significant difference compared to the control group (M = 29.52, SD = 11.257). The data collected support the main research hypothesis of the study, negative emotions can bring about changes in certain cognitive schemas by modifying, altering or disrupting them.
47
Lebouil, S., O. Gharbi, P. Volovitch, and K. Ogle. "Mg Dissolution in Phosphate and Chloride Electrolytes: Insight into the Mechanism of the Negative Difference Effect." CORROSION 71, no. 2 (February 2015): 234–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1459.
48
Yu, Yingjie, and Ying Li. "New insight into the negative difference effect in aluminium corrosion using in-situ electrochemical ICP-OES." Corrosion Science 168 (May 2020): 108568. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.corsci.2020.108568.
49
de Castro-Catala, Marta, Neus Barrantes-Vidal, Tamara Sheinbaum, Artal Moreno-Fortuny, Thomas R. Kwapil, and Araceli Rosa. "COMT-by-Sex Interaction Effect on Psychosis Proneness." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/829237.
Анотація:
Schizotypy phenotypes in the general population share etiopathogenic mechanisms and risk factors with schizophrenia, supporting the notion of psychosis as a continuum ranging from nonclinical to clinical deviance. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) is a candidate susceptibility gene for schizophrenia that is involved in the regulation of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. Several recent studies have reported a sex difference in the impact of COMT genotype on psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes and personality traits. The present study investigated the association of COMT Val158Met (rs4680) with psychometric positive and negative schizotypy and psychotic experiences in a sample of 808 nonclinical young adults. The main finding was that sex moderates the association of COMT genotype with the negative dimension of both schizotypy and psychotic experiences. Male subjects carrying the Val allele tended to score higher on the negative dimension of both trait and symptom-like measures. The results from the present study are consistent with recent work suggesting an association between negative schizotypy and diminished prefrontal dopamine availability. They support the idea that a biological differentiation underlies the positive and negative schizotypy dimensions. Additionally, these findings contribute to the growing literature on sex-specific effects of COMT on the predisposition to psychiatric disorders and personality traits.
50
Scott-Clayton, Judith. "The Causal Effect of Federal Work-Study Participation." Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis 33, no. 4 (December 2011): 506–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0162373711421211.
Анотація:
Since 1964, the Federal Work-Study (FWS) program has provided funds to subsidize the wages of student employees, but it has never been studied directly. I use an instrumental variables difference-in-difference framework with administrative data from West Virginia to identify causal effects, comparing eligible and ineligible students across institutions with higher and lower FWS availability and using differences in FWS availability to instrument for actual FWS participation. I find no evidence that FWS participation improves academic outcomes for the full sample, but this masks significant negative effects for women and some significant positive effects for men. Although results should be interpreted cautiously given limitations of the sample, they represent the first direct, quasi-experimental evidence regarding the effect of the program.