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Готові списки джерел за темами / Nitrate levels

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Nitrate levels"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Nitrate levels":

1

Mawaddah, Aida, Roto Roto, and Adhitasari Suratman. "PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN UREA TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENCEMARAN NITRIT DAN NITRAT DALAM TANAH (Influence of Addition of Urea to Increased Pollution of Nitrite and Nitrate in The Soil)." Jurnal Manusia dan Lingkungan 23, no. 3 (February 27, 2017): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jml.22473.

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ABSTRAKNitrat dan nitrit merupakan sumber nitrogen bagi tanaman. Nitrogen sangat diperlukan tanaman untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Bentuk-bentuk nitrogen di lingkungan mengalami transformasi sebagai bagian dari siklus nitrogen seperti nitrifikasi dan denitrifikasi. Apabila kadar nitrogen dalam tanah rendah, maka urea digunakan sebagai sumber nitrogen. Perubahan urea menjadi nitrit atau nitrat pada beberapa sampel tanah perlu diketahui. Kadar nitrit dan nitrat yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan pencemaran di dalam tanah. Sampel tanah yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tanah pasir, tanah sawah, tanah pupuk kompos dan tanah pupuk kandang. Analisis nitrit dan nitrat dilakukan dengan menggunakan pereaksi asam p-amino benzoat (PABA) yang dikopling dengan N-naftiletilendiamin (NEDA) dan reduktor spongy cadmium. Sebelum digunakan untuk analisis nitrit dan nitrat, metode divalidasi terlebih dahulu. Hasil validasi metode analisis nitrit dan nitrat dengan pereaksi PABA/NEDA menunjukkan persentase perolehan kembali masing-masing antara 87,15–100,8% untuk nitrit dan 88,16–105,7% untuk nitrat. Setelah ditambah urea sebesar 0,66 g.kg-1 ke dalam tanah, konsentrasi nitrit dan nitrat pada semua sampel tanah mengalami peningkatan. Dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa peningkatan kadar nitrit dan nitrat setelah ditambahkan urea sangat dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanah. ABSTRACTNitrate and nitrite were sources of nitrogen for plants. Nitrogen is indispensable for the growth and development of plants. The forms of nitrogen in the environment undergoes a transformation as part of the nitrogen cycle like nitrification and denitrification. If nitrogen level in the soil is low, urea is used as a source of nitrogen. Changes of urea into nitrite or nitrate in some of soil samples need to be known. The levels of nitrite and nitrate are high can increase pollution in the soil. Some of soil samples which is used in this research were sandy soil, paddy soil, compost soil and manure soil. Analysis of nitrite and nitrate were conducted by using a reagent p-amino benzoic acid (PABA) / N-napthylethylenediamine (NEDA) and spongy cadmium as reductor. Before being used for the analysis of nitrite and nitrate, this method was validated first. The results of validation of nitrite and nitrate analysis method by using a reagents PABA / NEDA showed the percent recovery were respectively 87.15-100.8% for nitrite and 88.16-105.7% for nitrate. After the addition of 0.66 g.kg-1 urea into the soil, nitrite and nitrate concentration in all soil sample has increased. Based on this research was known that the increased levels of nitrite and nitrate after the addition of urea was influenced by soil condition.

2

Radcliffe, B. C., C. Hall, and W. E. W. Roediger. "Nitrite and nitrate levels in ileostomy effluent: effect of dietary change." British Journal of Nutrition 61, no. 2 (March 1989): 323–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn19890120.

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1. Nitrite and nitrate levels were measured in samples from ileostomy bags or stomal samples of thirty-one ileostomists (twenty-two ulcerative colitis, nine Crohn's disease), 14-16 h after ingestion of a conventional meal or a meal containing a high content of nitrite and nitrate.2. Ileostomy samples were decolourized with barium chloride, sodium sulphate and charcoal. Nitrite was determined spectrophotometrically by the Griess reaction and nitrate determined as nitrite after reduction with nitrate reductase (ec 1.7.99.4) in the presence of sodium formate. The mean percentage recovery from twentysix spiked samples was 101.9 (se 3.5)% for nitrite and 82.9 (se 3.3)% for nitrate.3. Ileostomy bag samples were obtained in twenty-nine cases of which ten had measurable nitrite (median 0, range 0-20.7 nmol/g) on a conventional meal compared with twenty-three cases (median 7.2, range 0-31.1 nmol/g) on the test meal (P < 0.01). Nitrate levels were measurable in sixteen (median 6.7, range 0-48.2 nmol/g) after a conventional meal compared with twenty-one (median 20.5, range 0-53.2 nmol/g) after the test meal (P <0.01).4. Stomal fresh-catch samples were obtained in twenty-four cases: combined nitrate and nitrite was higher in eighteen, lower in four and unchanged in two subjects after the test meal (P < 0.05).5. The type of foodstuff ingested can significantly alter measurable levels of nitrite-nitrate in the distal ileum and is one factor determining nitrite-nitrate input into the proximal colon.

3

Cintya, Henni, Jansen Silalahi, Effendy De Lux Putra, and Rikson Siburian. "The influence of storage condition on nitrite, nitrate and vitamin C levels in vegetables." F1000Research 7 (December 6, 2018): 1899. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16853.1.

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Vegetables are the main sources of nitrate and nitrite in food. The presence of nitrate and nitrite at a high level may cause a negative impact on health, because nitrite and nitrate when reduced to nitrite, may react with alkylamine to form carcinogenic nitrosamine. The influence of temperature and time of storage on nitrite, nitrate, and vitamin C contents in vegetables were investigated in this study. The vegetables were sweet mustard, bokchoy, spinach and lettuce obtained from a local market. Samples were stored at ±25oC and ±5oC. Analysis of nitrite, nitrate, and vitamin C was conducted in fresh samples, after storage for 24 and 48 hours. Nitrite was analyzed by spectrophotometry at 540 nm. Nitrate reduced into nitrite with Zn in acidic conditions and then analyzed as nitrite. Vitamin C was analyzed by titration with 2.6-dichlorophenolindophenol. During storage, nitrite and nitrate increased, while vitamin C decreased. Nitrite and nitrate content in fresh samples were 15.22 and 22.46 mg/kg (sweet mustard), 12.57 and 6.55 mg/kg (bokchoy), 20.26 and 90.60 mg/kg (spinach), 18.77 and 32.68 mg/kg (lettuce), respectively. Vitamin C content in fresh samples was 101.15 mg/100g (mustard), 92.17 mg/100g (bokchoy), 88.95 mg/100g (spinach), 40.03 mg/100g (lettuce). After storage for 48 hours at ±25oC, nitrite and nitrate increased 44.97% and 53.19% (mustard), 46.18% and 62.59% (bokchoy), 43.86% and 16.48% (spinach), and 41.05% and 47.09% (lettuce), respectively. Vitamin C decreased 67.57% (mustard), 24.68% (bokchoy), 81.25% (spinach), and 79.74% (lettuce). Storage at ±5oC, showed that nitrite and nitrate increased 27.54% and 35.08% (mustard), 13.75% and 43.51% (bokchoy), 19.59% and 10.60% (spinach), 19.85% and 25.16% (lettuce), respectively. Vitamin C decreased 30.88% (mustard), 6.05% (bokchoy), 60.92% (spinach), and 74.94% (lettuce). During storage, nitrite and nitrate increased more significantly at ±25oC than ±5oC while vitamin levels C decreased and were more effective at 25oC than 5oC.

4

Międzobrodzka, A., E. Sikora, E. Cieslik, and T. Leszczyńska. "Nitrate and Nitrite levels in carrot roots." Food / Nahrung 37, no. 1 (1993): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19930370108.

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5

Nerdy, Nerdy, and Effendy De Lux Putra. "Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate Levels in Broccoli and Cauliflower with Different Fertilization Treatment." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (November 13, 2018): 2983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340639.

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Both broccoli and cauliflower are plants that are widely cultivated and consumed. The vegetable also contains Nitrite and Nitrite, which have a negative impact on human health because of the carcinogenic effect. Levels of Nitrite and Nitrate in vegetable are dependent on several factors, one of them is fertilization. The objective of this research is to determine the levels of Nitrite and Nitrate in broccoli and cauliflower without fertilization and with fertilization (natural and chemical). Samples were planted broccoli and cauliflower with different fertilization treatment. Determination of Nitrite and Nitrate levels were done by the colorimetric method (visible spectrophotometric) by using N-(1-Naphthyl) Ethylenediamine Dihydrochloride and Sulfanilic Acid as the dyes and measured at the maximum absorbance wavelength (540 nm) and on the operating time between 11 minutes to 18 minutes. Nitrite and Nitrate levels in various fertilization treatments of broccoli and cauliflower were different significantly. Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower without fertilization are lower than Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower with fertilization. Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower with natural fertilizer fertilization are lower than Nitrite and Nitrate levels in broccoli and cauliflower with chemical fertilizer fertilization.

6

Ezeagu, Ike E., and Mich A. Fafunso. "Effect of Wilting and Processing on the Nitrate and Nitrite Contents of Some Nigerian Leaf Vegetables." Nutrition and Health 10, no. 3 (July 1995): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026010609501000310.

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Nitrate and nitrite contents of seven varieties of commonly consumed leaf vegetables were determined, Effect of cooking and wilting on the contents of these factors were investigated. Nitrate ranged from 48.10 in ewuro to 270.0 ppm ogunmo (mean 116.43 ± 78.31) while nitrite ranged from 0.024 ppm in tete to 0.064 in ogunmo (mean 0.044 ± 0.018). Cooking reduced the nitrate levels in all the samples but nitrite levels inexplicably increased in all sample. On wilting nitrate levels decrease while nitrite levels increased up to 83% in tete. The nitrate and nitrite levels were not considered hazardous but toxicological implications of high consumption of these factors is briefly highlighted.

7

Taneja, Pinky, Pawan Labhasetwar, Pranav Nagarnaik, and Jeroen H. J. Ensink. "The risk of cancer as a result of elevated levels of nitrate in drinking water and vegetables in Central India." Journal of Water and Health 15, no. 4 (May 11, 2017): 602–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2017.283.

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The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of nitrates on the incidence of gastrointestinal (GI) cancer development. Nitrate converted to nitrite under reducing conditions of gut results in the formation of N-nitrosamines which are linked to an increased gastric cancer risk. A population of 234 individuals with 78 cases of GI cancer and 156 controls residing at urban and rural settings in Nagpur and Bhandara districts of India were studied for 2 years using a case-control study. A detailed survey of 16 predictor variables using Formhub software was carried out. Nitrate concentrations in vegetables and primary drinking water supplies were measured. The logistic regression model showed that nitrate was statistically significant in predicting increasing risk of cancer when potential confounders were kept at base level (P value of 0.001 nitrate in drinking water; 0.003 for nitrate in vegetable) at P < 0.01. Exposure to nitrate in drinking water at >45 mg/L level of nitrate was associated with a higher risk of GI cancers. Analysis suggests that nitrate concentration in drinking water was found statistically significant in predicting cancer risk with an odds ratio of 1.20.

8

Giovannoni, G., J. M. Land, G. Keir, E. J. Thompson, and S. J. R. Heales. "Adaptation of the Nitrate Reductase and Griess Reaction Methods for the Measurement of Serum Nitrate plus Nitrite Levels." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 34, no. 2 (March 1997): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456329703400212.

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Nitrite and nitrate determinations in biological fluids are increasingly being used as markers of nitric oxide production. We have modified a nitrate reductase and Griess reaction method for the measurement of serum nitrate and nitrite in ultrafiltrated samples using a microtitre plate. The recoveries of nitrate and nitrite were 95% (range = 86–113%) and 100% (range = 92–109%), respectively. The intra and inter assay coefficients of variation for nitrate plus nitrite in the concentration range 40–50μM were 9·1% and 7·8%, and in the concentration range of 2·5–10μM 23·4% and 25·5%, respectively. At its lower limit the assay is able to detect 125 pmoles of nitrate plus nitrite in 50μL of sample (2·5μmol/L). A mean serum nitrate plus nitrite level of 32·8μmol/L (SD 12·3) was measured in 24 healthy adult volunteers (12 men and 12 women), no age or sex differences were noted.

9

van Bezooijen, RL, I. Que, AG Ederveen, HJ Kloosterboer, SE Papapoulos, and CW Lowik. "Plasma nitrate+nitrite levels are regulated by ovarian steroids but do not correlate with trabecular bone mineral density in rats." Journal of Endocrinology 159, no. 1 (October 1, 1998): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe.0.1590027.

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Nitric oxide (NO) is a mediator of bone metabolism and its production is under the control of gender hormones in several cell types or tissues. Changes in endogenous NO production, measured as plasma nitrate+nitrite levels, may therefore contribute to ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss. We studied plasma nitrate+nitrite levels and trabecular bone mineral density (TBMD) 4 weeks after sham-operation or OVX in rats receiving various hormonal treatments. OVX decreased plasma nitrate+nitrite levels significantly and this was accompanied by a significant decrease in TBMD. Treatment with oral ethinyl oestradiol (EE) and subcutaneous 17beta-oestradiol dose-dependently prevented the decrease in plasma nitrate+nitrite levels after OVX, but treatment with oral 17beta-oestradiol did not. Oestrogen treatment, 17beta-oestradiol (s. c. or orally) or EE (orally), prevented the OVX-induced decrease in TBMD. Treatment of sham-operated rats with the anti-oestrogen ICI164, 384 induced a significant decrease in TBMD that corresponded to 54% of the decrease observed after OVX, but did not affect plasma nitrate+nitrite levels. Treatment of ovariectomized rats with Org 2058, a pure progestagen, did not prevent bone loss, but prevented the decrease in plasma nitrate+nitrite levels dose-dependently. Treatment with tibolone, a synthetic steroid with combined weak oestrogenic, progestagenic, and androgenic properties, or with progestagen in combination with EE completely prevented bone loss after OVX. These treatments, however, only partly prevented the OVX-induced decrease in plasma nitrate+nitrite levels. In conclusion, OVX decreased both TBMD and plasma nitrate+nitrite levels. Although plasma nitrate+nitrite levels were under the control of both oestrogen and progesterone, TBMD was affected by oestrogen only. Decreased systemic production of NO is, therefore, not involved in OVX-induced bone loss in rats.

10

Schulz, Richard, Werner Seeger, and Friedrich Grimminger. "SERUM NITRITE/NITRATE LEVELS IN OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 164, no. 10 (November 15, 2001): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.164.10.correspondence_b.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Nitrate levels":

1

Ghosh, Suborno Mukut. "Investigation of the distribution of nitrite and nitrate and nitrite reductase activity in models of cardiovascular disease." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8144.

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Recently, it has emerged that the NO metabolites, nitrite and nitrate can be chemically reduced in vivo to biologically active nitric oxide (NO). This generation of NO is dependent on reduction of nitrate to nitrite by facultative anaerobes on the dorsal surface of the tongue, entry of the nitrite into the enterosalivary circuit, transit to the stomach, and absorption through the gut wall into the circulation. Conversion of nitrite to NO is then facilitated by vascular nitrite reductase enzymes. This nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway has been shown to exert a number of beneficial effects in healthy volunteers e.g. lowering of blood pressure, however whether this pathway is affected by cardiovascular disease (CVD) is currently unknown. Ozone chemiluminescence was used to determine and compare nitrite and nitrate levels in 2 models of CVD. To study atherosclerosis wild type (WT) and apolipoprotein E knock out (ApoE KO) mice were used and for hypertension wistar kyoto (WKY) rats as controls vs. spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Assessment of nitrite reductase activity was conducted in the compartment which showed the most consistent differences in distribution, the red blood cell (RBC) and in homogenates of liver tissue. The impact of dietary nitrite and nitrate on distribution of the 2 anions throughout the cardiovascular system was assessed to determine the utility of this approach in restoring levels of these anions in CVD. Finally, using flow cytometry I investigated whether dietary nitrate supplementation could be used to influence inflammatory responses as a mechanism to improve CVD. Compared to WT mice, nitrate levels were reduced in ApoE KO mice in the plasma and across most of the tissues. In contrast in SHRs, reduction of the anions was only apparent in RBCs with no differences compared to WKY in all other tested tissues. Furthermore I have demonstrated that the most efficient way to restore nitrate levels back up to baseline is through a dietary nitrate strategy and that a dose of 15mM nitrate in the drinking water is sufficient to achieve this. In addition I have shown that nitrite reductase activity is enhanced in CVD particularly at the level of the RBC in both atherosclerosis and hypertension and that this enhanced activity is due, in part, to upregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR). Finally I have shown that dietary nitrate is an effective way to modulate an acute inflammatory response. This modulation is mediated through interfering with the ability of the neutrophil to firmly adhere to the vascular endothelium. These changes were shown to be dose-dependent and concomitant with dose-dependent increases in plasma nitrite and plasma nitrate. These data suggest that utilization of the nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway with dietary nitrate may represent an effective approach for the treatment of CVD.

2

Betton, Catherine. "Nitrate-N levels in British streams and rivers : a countrywide perspective." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277094.

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3

Rice, Susan C. "Spatio-temporal Variation of Nitrate Levels in Groundwater in Texas, 1970 to 2010." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2012. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc177244/.

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This study looks at spatial variation of groundwater nitrate in Texas and its fluctuations at 10 year increments using data from the Texas Water Development Board. While groundwater nitrate increased in the Ogallala and Seymour aquifers across the time period, the overall rate in Texas appears to be declining as time progresses. However, the available data is limited. Findings show that a much more targeted, knowledge based strategy for sampling would not only reduce the cost of water quality analysis but also reduce the risk of error in these analyses by providing a more realistic picture of the spatial variation of problem contaminants, thereby giving decision-makers a clearer picture on how best to handle the reduction and elimination of problem contaminants.

4

Burgess, Magdalena S. E. "Nitrate leaching from a subsurface-drained corn field under different tillage and residue levels." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=55481.

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Nitrate leaching was studied on a 2.4-ha subsurface-drained corn (Zea mays L.) field in southwestern Quebec. The soil was a sandy loam to loamy sand (mean depth 46 cm) overlying clay. Treatments, begun in fall 1991, consisted of no-till, reduced tillage, and conventional tillage with crop residues either removed or retained at harvest. Drain flow volume and NO$ sb3 sp-$-N concentrations in flow were monitored year-round, and soil NO$ sb3 sp-$-N levels measured in spring and fall. A total of 34 kg NO$ sb3 sp-$-N ha$ sp{-1}$ was recorded in drain flow in 1992 from the site as a whole, equivalent to 20% of applied fertilizer N. In the first 14 months of monitoring, over 70% of water samples had NO$ sb3 sp-$-N levels exceeding Canadian drinking water guidelines (10 mg NO$ sb3 sp-$-N L$ sp{-1}),$ and about 25% had over 40 mg NO$ sb3 sp-$-N L$ sp{-1}.$ Flow-weighted mean concentration for the site as a whole in 1992 was 19 mg NO$ sb3 sp-$-N L$ sp{-1}.$ Unanticipated variations in drain depth significantly affected flow volume and total NO$ sb3 sp-$-N losses, hampering assessment of treatment effects on drain water parameters. In 1992, post-harvest soil NO$ sb3 sp-$-N levels at 0-25 cm were significantly lower in plots with crop residues retained, regardless of tillage system, than in plots with residues removed. In May 1993 (pre-tillage), soil NO$ sb3 sp-$-N levels were similar for all treatments, having dropped in no-residue plots and risen slightly in plots with residues, suggesting immobilization of NO$ sb3 sp-$-N by crop residues in summer-fall and mineralization in spring. The NO$ sb3 sp-$-N measured in drain flow represents a substantial loss of N from the farm system, and has negative implications for water quality. Within the time-frame of the study, crop residues appeared to have a greater effect on soil NO$ sb3 sp-$-N levels, and thus leaching potential, than did tillage system.

5

Guldan, Nathan M. "Relationships between groundwater recharge dates, nitrate levels, and denitrification in a central Wisconsin watershed /." Link to Abstract, 2004. http://epapers.uwsp.edu/abstracts/2004/Guldan.pdf.

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6

Sonoda, Samantha. "Usual and recent impact on circulating nitrate levels: comparison of different dietary assessment instruments." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1427883298.

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7

Knowles, Tim, Thomas Doerge, Mike Ottman, and Lee Clark. "Effects of N and P Applications on Wheat Stem Nitrate and Phosphate Levels, and Grain Production in Graham County." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203805.

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Obtaining optimal yields of spring wheat in Arizona normally requires applications of fertilizer nitrogen (N), and occasionally phosphorus (P). The University of Arizona currently recommends preplant soil tests for NO₃-N and P, plus periodic stem tissue NO₃-N analyses to predict the N and P needs of wheat. Preplant application of P within the root zone of growing plants is suggested due to the immobility of P in soils. Split applications of N broadcast to dry soil preceding irrigations are generally recommended. Collecting additional data to calibrate and refine current guidelines for interpreting soil and plant test values is an ongoing need in Arizona. An experiment was conducted at the Safford Agricultural Center during the 1986-87 crop year to evaluate the response of "Aldura" durum wheat to banded and broadcast N and P, and split applications of N on a clay loam soil testing low in NO₃-N and available P. Maximum grain yields of over 4,500 lbs./A were obtained by banding of 40 lbs. P₂O₅ /A and 32 lbs. N/A as 16-20-0 at planting and broadcasting 118 lbs. urea-N/A prior to seeding. Stem tissue NO₃-N analyses revealed that N deficient conditions prevailed throughout the growing season in all fertilizer treatments. Treatments in which the preassigned rate of N was split into three applications produced the lowest yields due to serious N deficiency early in the season. The stem NO₃-N tissue test proved accurate in predicting N status and a stem. PO₄-P tissue test seemed reliable in monitoring P nutrition of durum wheat.

8

Alves, Ana Carolina. "Perdas de amônia por volatilização e emissão foliar em pastagem adubada com fontes de nitrogênio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-08092009-113400/.

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Na busca de alternativas para mensurar a emissão foliar de amônia (NH3) e minimizar as perdas de N-NH3 em pastagens, foram realizados três trabalhos. Os dois primeiros com objetivo de verificar se o absorvedor com espuma, já utilizado na quantificação da volatilização de N-NH3, também é eficiente para mensurar a emissão foliar, sem causar alterações no processo de perda de nitrogênio. O terceiro trabalho, realizado em pastagem de capim Colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Colonião) no verão, inverno e primavera, avaliou o efeito da aplicação de lâminas de água, após a adubação com uréia, sobre as perdas de N-NH3 do solo por volatilização e emissão foliar. O absorvedor de amônia com espuma não causa alteração no processo de perda de N-NH3 e colocado 1 cm acima das folhas superiores, é efetivo em capturar o N-NH3 perdido por emissão foliar da pastagem, quando se fertiliza em superfície com nitrato de amônio e uréia. A aplicação de água imediatamente após a adubação com uréia é eficiente para reduzir as perdas de NNH3 por volatilização. No verão, a aplicação de 3,2 mm de água foi suficiente para reduzir as perdas de N-NH3 para menos de 3,1 % do N aplicado, enquanto na ausência de irrigação ocorreram perdas de 30,5%. A taxa de volatilização é influenciada pela quantidade de água disponível no solo, sendo baixa quando a uréia é aplicada em solo seco ou quando o solo seca rapidamente, mesmo que a temperatura ambiente seja elevada. A emissão foliar de N-NH3 não foi influenciada pela aplicação ou não de água, após a adubação com uréia.
In search of alternatives to measure ammonia (NH3) foliar emission and minimize N-NH3 losses in pasture three research works were accomplished. The two first works aimed at checking whether or not the foam absorber, which was already used to quantify N-NH3 volatilization, is also efficient to measure foliar emission without interfering in nitrogen loss process. The third one was performed in Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Colonião pasture during three different seasons and evaluated the use of irrigation levels after urea fertilization on N-NH3 losses through volatilization and foliar emission. The ammonia foam absorber does not alter N-NH3 loss process and when place at height of 1 cm from the upper leaves it is effective in capturing N-NH3 lost through foliar emission when fertilization is done superficially with ammonium nitrate and urea. Water application immediately after fertilization is efficient to reduce N-NH3 losses through volatilization. During summer the use of 3.2 mm water was enough to decrease N-NH3 loss to less than 3.1% of applied N, while the lack of irrigation caused 30.5% losses. Volatilization rate is influenced by the quantity of water available in the soil, being low when urea is applied to dry soil or when the soil dries fast even if the environment temperature is high. N-NH3 foliar emission was not influenced by water application after urea fertilization.

9

Wilson, Doyle C., Robert Johnson, Robert Peyton, and Janan Rabehl. "Geologic Control and Nitrate Levels of Springs Around Lake Havasu, Mohave and Lapaz Counties, Arizona, and San Bernardino County, CA." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296614.

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10

Doerge, T. A., T. C. Knowles, L. Clark, and E. Carpenter. "Effects of Early Season Nitrogen Rates on Stem Nitrate Levels and Nitrogen Fertilizer Requirements During Grain Filling for Irrigated Durum Wheat." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201074.

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A field experiment was conducted on a Pima clay loam at the Safford Agricultural Center to: 1) determine the optimum rates of late season N needed to achieve optimum yield and quality of irrigated durum wheat in conjunction with varying rates of early season N; and 2) evaluate the usefulness of stern NO₃-N analysis in predicting the late season N rates which optimize grain production but minimize the potential for nitrate pollution of groundwater. The application of 75, 175 and 350 lbs. N/a during vegetative growth resulted in wheat with deficient, sufficient and excessive N status at the boot stage, as indicated by stem NO₃-N analysis. The application of 60 lbs. N/a at heading to N- deficient wheat and 15-20 lbs. N/a to N-sufficient wheat resulted in grain protein levels above 14 %, but the applications had little effecton grain yield. Applications of N at heading to wheat which had previously received excessive N did not affect grain yield or quality. The use of stein NO₃-N analysis appears to be a useful tool in predicting the minimum N rate to be applied during the early reproductive period to insure acceptable levels of grain protein at harvest.

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Nitrate levels":

1

Jorgensen, Eric E. Ecosystem stress from chronic exposure to low levels of nitrate. Cincinnati, Ohio: National Risk Management Research Laboratory, 2005.

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2

Mitchell, John Clain. Waste disposal wells as a factor in nitrate levels in ground water, A&B Irrigation District, Minidoka County, Idaho. Minidoka County, Id: Idaho Dept. of Water Resources, 1998.

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3

Blanchard, Paul J. Precipitation, ground-water age, ground-water nitrate concentrations, 1995-2002, and ground-water levels, 2002-03 in eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2004.

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4

Hausenloy, Derek, and Derek Yellon, eds. Coronary No-Reflow and Microvascular Obstruction. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199544769.003.0005.

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• Following an AMI, the restoration of TIMI III coronary blood flow using thrombolytic therapy or primary percutaneous coronary intervention does not guarantee actual myocardial perfusion• In 40–60% of reperfused AMI cases, myocardial perfusion is impeded at the level of the capillaries due to microvascular obstruction (MVO)- a phenomenon termed coronary no-reflow• The presence of coronary no-reflow can be detected as impaired myocardial perfusion using non-invasive imaging modalities such as nuclear myocardial perfusion scanning, myocardial contrast echocardiography or contrast-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance imaging• The presence of microvascular obstruction post-AMI is associated with a larger infarct size, impaired LV ejection fraction, adverse LV remodelling and poorer clinical outcomes• Current treatment strategies include; vasodilator therapy such as adenosine, calcium-channel blockers, and nitrates; distal protection to prevent microemboli; and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors• Novel treatment strategies are required to prevent and treat coronary no-reflow, thereby improving myocardial perfusion, reducing myocardial infarct size, preserving LV ejection fraction, preventing LV remodeling and improving clinical outcomes.

Частини книг з теми "Nitrate levels":

1

Hlatky, R., Y. Furuya, A. B. Valadka, J. C. Goodman, and C. S. Robertson. "Microdialysate Nitrate/Nitrite Levels Following Severe Head Injury." In Intracranial Pressure and Brain Biochemical Monitoring, 331–33. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6738-0_84.

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2

Petrović, N., and R. Kastori. "Nitrate reductase in sugar beet genotypes supplied with different nitrate levels." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 51–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2053-8_8.

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3

Wany, Aakanksha, Pradeep Kumar Pathak, and Kapuganti Jagadis Gupta. "Methods for Measuring Nitrate Reductase, Nitrite Levels, and Nitric Oxide from Plant Tissues." In Nitrogen Metabolism in Plants, 15–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9790-9_2.

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4

Sözmen, Eser Yildirim, Zeliha Kerry, Levent Üstünes, Fevziye Uysal, Asli Özer, and Taner Onat. "Variations of Endothelium Antioxidant Enzymes and Nitrite/Nitrate Levels in Collar-Induced Atherosclerosis of Rabbits." In Vascular Endothelium, 276. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0133-0_38.

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5

Zuffianò, Livia Emanuela, Pier Paolo Limoni, Giorgio De Giorgio, and Maurizio Polemio. "Natural Groundwater Background Levels of Nitrate and Landfill Effects (Apulia, Southern Italy)." In Applied Geology, 61–69. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43953-8_4.

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6

Faure, S., E. Le Deunff, P. Lainé, J. H. Macduff, and A. Ourry. "Effects of N deprivation and nitrate pulses on NRT1 and NRT2 transcript levels and nitrate influx rate in Brassica napus L." In Plant Nutrition, 210–11. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_101.

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7

Troncoso, A., A. Villegas, C. Mazuelos, and M. Cantos. "Growth and mineral composition of grape-vine rootstock cultured in vitro with different levels of ammonium nitrate." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 653–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_110.

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8

Sözmen, Bülent, Eser Yildirim Sözmen, Cahit Kazaz, Dilek Taşkiran, Leyla Aslan, and Akan Akyol. "The Relationship between Plasma Antioxidant Status, Nitrate Levels, and Lipid Profile in Patients with Hypertension and Coronary Heart Disease." In Vascular Endothelium, 275. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0133-0_37.

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9

Linoby, Adam, Mohd Nurthaqif, Muhamad Noor Mohamed, Maisarah Mohd Saleh, Yusandra Md Yusoff, Noor Azila Azreen Md Radzi, Siti Aishah Abd Rahman, and Saidatul Nur Syuhadah Mohamed Sabadri. "Nitrate-Rich Red Spinach Extract Supplementation Increases Exhaled Nitric Oxide Levels and Enhances High-Intensity Exercise Tolerance in Humans." In Enhancing Health and Sports Performance by Design, 412–20. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3270-2_43.

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10

Fenn, Mark E., L. I. de Bauer, Karl Zeller, Abel Quevedo, Claudio Rodríguez, and Tomás Hernández-Tejeda. "Nitrogen and Sulfur Deposition in the Mexico City Air Basin: Impacts on Forest Nutrient Status and Nitrate Levels in Drainage Waters." In Ecological Studies, 298–319. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-22520-3_13.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Nitrate levels":

1

Koehler, Matthew, Eva E. Stüeken, Eva E. Stüeken, Michael A. Kipp, Michael A. Kipp, Roger Buick, Roger Buick, Andrew H. Knoll, and Andrew H. Knoll. "LOW NITRATE LEVELS IN THE MESOPROTEROZOIC OCEAN." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-302456.

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2

Reid D Christianson, Matthew J Helmers, Peter A Lawlor, and Dean W Lemke. "Impact of Fertilizer Application Timing on Drainage Nitrate Levels." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27092.

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3

Syafiq N, Muhammad, Shaharuddin MS, and Zaenal Abidin. "Nitrate in Groundwater and Health Risk Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia During Paddy Pre-Planting Season." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27.

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ABSTRACT Introduction: Contamination of nitrate is one of the most common groundwater problems worldwide. Around 70% of residents in the state of Kelantan still rely on groundwater as their primary source of water supply. Extensive usage of fertilizer in agricultural areas may cause nitrate leaching into the groundwater. This study aimed to determine the level of nitrate in groundwater and health risk assessment at three villages in Tanah Merah District, Kelantan, Malaysia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Tanah Merah district, Kelantan, in January 2020. A total of 52 residents was selected by purposive sampling. The inclusion criteria for study subjects were long life residents, age ≥18 years old, and groundwater as a primary source of drinking supply. The study variables were (1) Level of nitrate in groundwater measured according to age (year), depth (meter), and distance (meter) of well from the agricultural area; and (2) Health risk assessment measured by hazard quotient (HQ). A set of questionnaires consisted of four sections to gather information related to socio-demographic, water usage, living environment, and health status. Groundwater samples were collected in duplicates and were analysed using a Hanna Instruments portable pH/ORP/ISE meter with an attached nitrate electrode. The data were reported descriptively. Results: Nitrate levels were found to be under the maximum acceptable value of 10 mg/L, as stated by the Drinking Water Quality Standard of Malaysia. Nitrate level ranged from 0.22 to 8.81 mg/L (Mean= 2.94; SD= 2.27). Spearman rho correlation showed that nitrate level was significantly and negatively correlated the age of wells (r= -0.31; p= 0.025). Nitrate level was not significantly correlated with the depth (r= 0.19; p= 0.183) and distance of wells (r= -0.05; p= 0.751). Hazard quotient (HQ) for all study subjects was <1, which means that exposure to nitrate contained drinking water in study subjects was not detrimental to health. Conclusion: Nitrate levels were below the maximum acceptable value, but continuous monitoring from health authorities is essential since other seasons of paddy planting may contribute higher deposition of nitrate into groundwater. Keywords: nitrate, groundwater, levels, hazard quotient, Tanah Merah Correspondence: Muhammad Syafiq N. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia. UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. Email: syafiqnor29@gmail.com. Mobile: +601140731881. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.27

4

Ken Smiciklas and Aaron Moore. "Fertilizer Nitrogen Management to Abate Nitrate Levels in Lake Bloomington, IL." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16402.

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5

H.Y.F. Ng and R. P. Rudra. "NITRATE LEVELS IN TILE DRAINAGE WATER OF FERTILIZED AND UNFERTILIZED FIELD PLOTS." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.7377.

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6

Lian, Tiangan, Gregory E. Gdowski, Phillip D. Hailey, and Raul B. Rebak. "Crevice Repassivation Potential of Alloy 22 in High-Nitrate Dust Deliquescence Type Environments." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2007-26164.

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The nitrate ion (NO3−) is an inhibitor for crevice corrosion of Alloy 22 (N06022) in chloride (Cl−) aqueous solutions. Naturally formed electrolytes may contain both chloride and nitrate ions. The higher the ratio R = [NO3−]/[Cl−] in the solution the stronger the inhibition of crevice corrosion. Atmospheric desert dust contains both chloride and nitrate salts, generally based on sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+). Some of these salts may deliquescence at relatively low humidity at temperatures on the order of 150°C and higher. The resulting deliquescent brines are highly concentrated and especially rich in nitrate. Electrochemical tests have been performed to explore the anodic behavior of Alloy 22 in high chloride high nitrate electrolytes at temperatures as high as 150°C at ambient atmospheres. Naturally formed brines at temperatures higher than 120°C do not induce crevice corrosion in Alloy 22 because they contain high levels of nitrate. The inhibitive effect of nitrate on crevice corrosion is still active for temperatures higher than 100°C.

7

Salivon, O., V. Zubchuk, J. Antonova-Rafi, I. Khudetskyy, and V. Taranov. "A Device for Rapid Measurement of Nitrate Levels in Aqueous Solutions Based on Spectrophotometric Method." In 2018 IEEE 38th International Conference on Electronics and Nanotechnology (ELNANO). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elnano.2018.8477550.

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8

Pakzadeh, Behrang, Jay Wos, and Jay Renew. "Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment for Coal-Fired Power Industry." In ASME 2014 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2014-32278.

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The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)’s announcement that it will revise the effluent limitation guidelines for steam electric power generating units could affect not only how power plants use water, but also how they discharge it. The revised guidelines may lower discharge limits for various contaminants in flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater including mercury, selenium, arsenic, and nitrate/nitrite. Although the specific details of the guidelines are unknown at present, the power industry is evaluating various technologies that may address the new effluent limitation guidelines and promote water conservation. Moreover, the power industry is looking for avenues to increase water usage efficiency, reuse and recycle throughout its plant processes. Final rule approval is expected by the middle of 2014 and new regulations are expected to be implemented between 2017 and 2022 through 5-year NPDES permit cycles. discharge limits for various contaminants including arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrate/nitrite [1]. These pollutant limits may be below the levels achievable today with conventional treatment [2]. A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement [1]. Thermal ZLD systems have been the subject of increased interest and discussion lately. They employ evaporating processes such as ponds, evaporators and crystallizers, or spray dryers to produce a reusable water stream and a solid residue (i.e. waste). Evaporators and crystallizers have been employed in the power industry for a number of years. However, typical A growing interest exists in zero liquid discharge (ZLD) facilities and processes in power plant operations. Potentially stringent discharge limits along with water conservation and reuse efforts are two of the major drivers to achieve ZLD. Potential pollutant levels are so low that ZLD may be the best option, if not an outright requirement. A key disadvantage of thermal ZLD is its high capital cost. One way to reduce this cost is to pre-treat the liquid stream using innovative membrane technologies and reverse osmosis (RO).

9

Martinuzzi, Susanne. "271 The decrease of biological blood lead levels at a lead nitrate plant in south africa." In 32nd Triennial Congress of the International Commission on Occupational Health (ICOH), Dublin, Ireland, 29th April to 4th May 2018. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-icohabstracts.1145.

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10

K.H.I, Gamage, Wickramasinghe R.S.R, and Gamage I.M.C. "Groundwater Quality Assessment in Anuradhapura for Domestic Purposes." In 2nd International Conference on Agriculture, Food Security and Safety. iConferences (Pvt) Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32789/agrofood.2021.1006.

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The North central province plays the main agricultural role in Sri Lanka as a developing agricultural-based economy country in the world. Excessive amount of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater consumption is becoming a crucial issue on human health in Sri Lanka, especially in the North Central part of the country. Dental fluorosis and skeleton fluorosis are the major health impacts based on an excessive amount of fluoride as well as presumption on causing chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nitrogenous compounds in groundwater for drinking have been considered possible risk factors for oesophageal cancer and haemoglobinemia or blue baby syndrome. Human activities and natural processes have polluted groundwater. Having a lack of understanding of the actual need for fertilizer, farmers usually tend to apply the surplus amount, thus increasing nitrogen pollution. Accordingly, this research was conducted to deepen the understanding of the distribution of fluoride and nitrate in groundwater in the Anuradhapura area in terms of geological and anthropogenic influences on groundwater quality. Well water samples were collected from intensive agricultural activity areas in Anuradhapura. Physical and chemical parameters were analyzed to identify whether the higher nitrate and fluoride or any compound of a mixture of heavy metals such as cadmium and/ or arsenic is the actual cause for kidney and other health-related issues among the community. Water samples' pHs were in the range of 6.7-7.7. All the wells can be categorized as low salinity water. Turbidity average of 3.51 NTU range of 1-8 NTU was found to be mainly contributed by nitrate at the average of 28.725 mg/L and ranged from (22-131) mg/L of nitrate. In addition, fluorite was found high in Anuradhapura with an average of 0.6 mg/L and ranged from (0.4 - 1.7) mg/L. Sulphate level was also high with an average of 178mg/L and ranged from (58-505 mg/L). There was no significant effect of heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, iron, and copper concentrations which were below the permissible level of 0.01mg/L. The research clearly indicates the abundance of nitrate and fluoride in groundwater, especially in the dry zone. The major sources are fluoride-bearing minerals in bedrock and soil zone. In addition to that, the influence of agriculture which causes excessive nitrate levels in groundwater, is apparent, irrespective of climatic zones.

Звіти організацій з теми "Nitrate levels":

1

Tsybekmitova, G. Ts, L. D. Radnaeva, N. A. Tashlykova, V. G. Shiretorova, A. K. Tulokhonov, B. B. Bazarova, and M. O. Matveeva. THE EFFECT OF CLIMATIC SHIFTS ON BIODIVERSITY OF PHYTOCENOSIS: LAKE ARAKHLEY (EASTERN SIBERIA, RUSSIA). DOICODE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/0973-7308-2020-35-3-77-90.

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Lake Arakhley is located within the Lake Baikal basin in Eastern Siberia, Russia. The area is characterized by continental subarctic climate with considerate diurnal temperature range, long cold dry winters and short hot summers with more precipitation occurring during the latter half of the summer. Climatic shifts in high water years and low water years result in morphometric changes in the lake and in the chemical and physical parameters of the ecosystem. During low water years, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are decreased, whereas nitrate concentration increases. High water years feature average concentrations of ammonium ions 1.5–2 times higher than the values of recent dry years. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of abiotic factors and biotic community indicated that the community structure shows the greatest correlation with physical and chemical parameters of water and biogenic elements (nitrites, ammonium, phosphates) along the first axis, and with the lake depth and transparency along the second axis. Changes in abiotic factors induce functioning and formation of characteristic communities of the primary producers in the trophic structure of the ecosystem. During low water years, with increased level of autochthonous organic matter, Lindavia comta dominance is observed, while during high water years, with increased allochthonous organic matter Asterionella formosa appeared as dominant. Currently, during low water years, the hydrophytes community is monodominant and composed of Ceratophyllum demersum. Meanwhile, such species indicating eutrophic conditions as Myriophyllum sibiricum, Potamogeton pectinatus are found in the lake vegetation.

2

Walker, D. D., and N. E. Bibler. The dependence of radiolytic H2 generation of the nitrate concentration in high-level solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7077340.

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3

Walker, D. D., and N. E. Bibler. The dependence of radiolytic H2 generation of the nitrate concentration in high-level solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10178037.

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4

Kagan, Valerian. Measurement of S-nitrosylated Proteins in Tissues of Rats Fed Diets with Differing Levels of Nitrite. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554290.

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5

Shaw, P., B. Anderson, and D. Davis. Laboratory scale vitrification of low-level radioactive nitrate salts and soils from the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192334.

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6

Poirier, M. R. Impact of Strontium Nitrate and Sodium Permanganate Addition on Solid-Liquid Separation of SRS High Level Waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799304.

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7

Jimenez, I., A. F. Jankowski, and L. J. Terminello. Core-level photoabsorption study of defects and metastable bonding configurations in boron nitride. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/603564.

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8

Peters, T. B. Demonstration of Disposal of Americium and Curium Legacy Material Through High Level Waste System: Results from Baseline, Nitrate Added Flowsheet Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/799671.

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