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Статті в журналах з теми "Nitrifying"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Ayiti, Oluwatobi Esther, Ayansina Segun Ayangbenro, and Olubukola Oluranti Babalola. "16S Amplicon Sequencing of Nitrifying Bacteria and Archaea Inhabiting Maize Rhizosphere and the Influencing Environmental Factors." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (August 28, 2022): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091328.

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Nitrifying bacteria and archaea are ubiquitous and can transform ammonia locked up in soil or manure into nitrate, a more soluble form of nitrogen. However, nitrifying bacteria and archaea inhabiting maize rhizosphere have not been fully explored. This study evaluates the diversity and abundance of nitrifying bacteria and archaea across different growth stages of maize using 16S amplicon sequencing. Moreover, the influence of environmental factors (soil physical and chemical properties) on the nitrifying communities was evaluated. Rhizosphere soil DNA was extracted using Nucleospin Soil DNA ex

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2

Tsuneda, S., Y. Ejiri, T. Nagano, and A. Hirata. "Formation mechanism of nitrifying granules observed in an aerobic upflow fluidized bed (AUFB) reactor." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 11-12 (June 1, 2004): 27–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0796.

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The influences of trace metals in the wastewater and shear stress by aeration were particularly examined to clarify the formation mechanism of nitrifying granules in an aerobic upflow fluidized bed (AUFB) reactor. It was found that Fe added as a trace element to the inorganic wastewater accumulated at the central part of the nitrifying granules. Another result obtained was that suitable shear stress by moderate aeration (0.07-0.20 L/min/L-bed) promoted granulation. Furthermore, it was successfully demonstrated that pre-aggregation of seed sludge using hematite promoted core formation, leading

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3

Lai, Zi Ni, Ying De Cui, Peng Gao, and Xun Jun Chen. "Modified PLA Carrier Material and its Performance in Immobilization of Nitrifying Bacteria." Materials Science Forum 610-613 (January 2009): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.610-613.198.

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To prepare the renewable carrier materials for immobilization of nitrifying bacteria, polylactic acid (PLA) dichloromethane solution was added to chitosan aqueous solution, mixed by agitation at a speed of 150 rpm / min. The resultant PLA microspheres were fund to have diameter of 100 ~ 300 μm, thus underwent ammonolysis by a 6 % hexamethylenediamine / n-propanol solution for 8 min, hydroformylation by a 1% glutaraldehyde solution for 3 h, and grafted with 1% chitosan for 24 h, to improve the surface hydrophilic property. The static adsorption was applied for adhesion of nitrifying bacteria to

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4

Okabe, Satoshi, Tomonori Kindaichi, and Tsukasa Ito. "Fate of 14C-Labeled Microbial Products Derived from Nitrifying Bacteria in Autotrophic Nitrifying Biofilms." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 71, no. 7 (July 2005): 3987–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.71.7.3987-3994.2005.

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ABSTRACT The cross-feeding of microbial products derived from 14C-labeled nitrifying bacteria to heterotrophic bacteria coexisting in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm was quantitatively analyzed by using microautoradiography combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH). After only nitrifying bacteria were labeled with [14C]bicarbonate, biofilm samples were incubated with and without NH4 + as a sole energy source for 10 days. The transfer of 14C originally incorporated into nitrifying bacterial cells to heterotrophic bacteria was monitored with time by using MAR-FISH. The MAR-FI

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5

Okabe, S., H. Naitoh, H. Satoh, and Y. Watanabe. "Structure and function of nitrifying biofilms as determined by molecular techniques and the use of microelectrodes." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2002): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0482.

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The phylogenetic diversity of a nitrifying bacterial community of two types of nitrifying biofilms, a domestic wastewater biofilm and an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm grown on rotating disk reactors (RDR), was characterized by 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA)-cloning analysis. Thereafter, successional development of nitrifying the bacterial community within both biofilms was visualized in situ by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a set of fluorescently labeled 16S rRNA-targeted DNA probes. In situ hybridization revealed that Nitrosomonas ureae was the numerically dominant species of the a

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6

Sarker, D. C., and A. Sathasivan. "Nitrification control by adjusting pH in severely nitrified bulkwaters." Water Supply 12, no. 5 (August 1, 2012): 683–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2012.042.

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Nitrification control is complicated and expensive, especially when nitrification has reached a severely nitrifying stage. Under this condition, utilities usually apply re-chloramination with limited success. Adjusting pH may benefit utilities. However, it is not clear whether pH should be moved up or down, and pH adjustment will also alter the chloramine decay profile (biocide) and ammonia (food) concentration. It is important to understand how this behaviour will ultimately impact nitrifying bacterial activity. We collected samples from severely nitrifying bulkwaters and adjusted the pH with

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7

Morgan, Guillian, and Rania Hamza. "Cultivation of Nitrifying and Nitrifying-Denitrifying Aerobic Granular Sludge for Sidestream Treatment of Anaerobically Digested Sludge Centrate." Processes 10, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10091687.

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In this study, three 1.2-L aerobic granular sludge sequencing batch reactors (AGS-SBRs) were used to cultivate nitrifying and nitrifying-denitrifying granules (w/supplemental carbon) and investigate sidestream treatment of synthetic-centrate and real-centrate samples from Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant (ABTP) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Results showed that although the cultivation of distinct granules was not observed in the nitrifying reactors, sludge volume index (SVI30) values achieved while treating real and synthetic centrate were 72 ± 12 mL/g and 59 ± 11 mL/g (after day 14), respectivel

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8

Blew, R. D., and D. Parkinson. "Nitrification and denitrification in a white spruce forest in southwest Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 8 (August 1, 1993): 1715–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-214.

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Nitrification and denitrification were measured in a 120-year-old Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss forest in southwestern Alberta. Nitrifying activity could not be detected using short-term incubations of F–H and upper mineral soil horizons. Long-term incubations for nitrifying potential indicated that nitrifying organisms were present. The results suggest that the population of nitrifying organisms must have been small, their activity was limited, or the microhabitat necessary for their activity was not adequately simulated by the soil slurries in the short-term incubations. Low rates of denitrifica

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9

Fdz-Polanco, F., S. Villaverde, and P. A. García. "Temperature effect on nitrifying bacteria activity in biofilters: activation and free ammonia inhibition." Water Science and Technology 30, no. 11 (December 1, 1994): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0552.

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Nitrifying bacteria activity and concentrations depend on specific free ammonia concentration (ratio NH3/biomass), that is a function of temperature, pH, ammonium concentration and nitrifying biomass concentration. So, temperature is a key parameter in the nitrification process producing two opposite effects: bacteria activation and free ammonia inhibition. These phenomena are studied in an up-flow biological aerated filter (UBAF) settled by a nitrifying biofilm (measured as Volatile Attached Solids, VAS). The plug flow allows to disclosure of both effects, activation and inhibition. For Nitro

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10

Hasebe, Yoshiaki, Hiroaki Meguro, Yuuki Kanai, Masahiro Eguchi, Toshifumi Osaka, and Satoshi Tsuneda. "High-rate nitrification of electronic industry wastewater by using nitrifying granules." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 11 (September 7, 2017): 3171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.431.

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Abstract Nitrifying granules have a high sedimentation property and an ability to maintain a large amount of nitrifying bacteria in a reaction tank. Our group has examined the formation process of nitrifying granules and achieved high-rate nitrification for an inorganic synthetic wastewater using these granules. In this research, a pilot-scale test plant with an 850-liter reaction tank was assembled in a semiconductor manufacturing factory in order to conduct a continuous water conduction test using real electronics industry wastewater. The aim was to observe the formation of nitrifying granul

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11

Ding, Yuan Hong, Qing Wang, Hong Qiang Ren, and Jian Lu. "Effects of Trichloroethylene on the Wastewater Treatment in Membrane Bioreactors." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.34.

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The activities of nitrifying bacteria and organic utilizing bacteria against TCE in sludge was investigated using three series of Membrane bioreactors, and the results indicated that, the removal efficiencies of COD decreased gradually, but was not affected severely with TCE inhibition, good organics removal efficiencies was possibly realized, while the ammonia removal efficiencies dropped sharply due to the severe inhibition of TCE against nitrifying bacteria, the degree of TCE inhibition against nitrifying bacteria increased with the TCE concentration, but low-concentration TCE addition seem

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12

Han, Dengfeng, Zhenyi Hu, Dapeng Li, and Rong Tang. "Nitrogen Removal of Water and Sediment in Grass Carp Aquaculture Ponds by Mixed Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria and Its Effects on Bacterial Community." Water 14, no. 12 (June 9, 2022): 1855. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121855.

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Nitrification and denitrification are important for nitrogen (N) cycling in fish ponds culture, but the effects of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria concentrations on pond water and sediments remain largely unknown. Here, we used 0, 0.15, 0.30, 0.60 mg/L different concentrations of mixed nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria to repair the pond substrate through an enclosure experiment lasting 15 days. The results showed that the purification effect of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria was most obvious on pond nitrogen from day 4 to day 7. The optimal relative concentration was 0.60 mg/L f

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13

Ikuta, H., N. Noda, Y. Ebie, A. Hirata, S. Tsuneda, M. Matsumura, and Y. Inamori. "The rapid quantification and detection of nitrifying bacteria by using monoclonal antibody method." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2000): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0351.

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Monoclonal antibodies against the two kinds of nitrifying bacteria Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised and isotypes of these monoclonal antibodies, IgM and IgG1, were successfully obtained. Cross reactivities of these monoclonal antibodies against various kinds of representative heterotrophic bacteria turned out to be relatively low by competitive ELISA. In contrast, these monoclonal antibodies were very specific for nitrifying bacteria used as antigens. By means of sandwich ELISA using different isotype monoclonal antibodies such as IgM and IgG

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14

Ren, Baisha, Bradley Young, Fabio Variola, and Robert Delatolla. "Protein to polysaccharide ratio in EPS as an indicator of non-optimized operation of tertiary nitrifying MBBR." Water Quality Research Journal 51, no. 4 (March 14, 2016): 297–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2016.040.

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The protein (PN), polysaccharide (PS), and extracellular DNA (eDNA) percent concentrations of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of biofilm samples harvested from a pilot-scale nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) were investigated at various operating temperatures and hydraulic retention times (HRTs). Chemically measured EPS PN/PS ratios were shown to correlate to Raman intensity ratios of amide III to carbohydrate at 362 rel. cm−1. The study also demonstrates that tertiary nitrifying MBBR systems may be optimized to operate at HRTs as low as 0.75 to 1.0 h as opposed to conventi

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15

Tanaka, Kazuhiro, Minoru Tada, Takashi Kimata, Shouji Harada, Yuhko Fujii, Tamotu Mizuguchi, Naomichi Mori, and Hiroyoshi Emori. "Development of New Nitrogen Removal System Using Nitrifying Bacteria Immobilized in Synthetic Resin Pellets." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 681–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0518.

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A newly developed process applying a technique of microorganism immobilization to biological nitrogen removal is reported. Nitrifiers immobilized in 2 to 3 mm diameter polyethylene-glycol resin (Nitrifying pellets) are mixed with activated sludge in the nitrification tanks to promote quick nitrification. Due to the high nitrifying activity of the pellets, nitrification of municipal wastewaters is completed within a few hours. This paper introduces the synthetic polymer and immobilization method suited to nitrifiers, the conditions for pellet fluidization, the activity of nitrifying pellets and

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16

Liu, Yu, and Bernard Capdeville. "Dynamics of Nitrifying Biofilm Growth in Biological Nitrogen Removal Process." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 7 (April 1, 1994): 377–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0365.

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A conventional laboratory scale annular reactor was employed to investigate the dynamics of nitrifying biofilm growth. A dense and thin nitrifying biofilm was developed in this study. The results showed that the active growth of the nitrifying biofilm can be characterized best by the increase of the specific substrate removal rate until a maximum value, at which the maximum active film thickness and active biomass were attained. It was found that non active biomass accumulation directly resulted in the reduction in the specific ammonium nitrogen removal rate, however the ammonium nitrogen surf

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17

Liang, Wan Ting, and Peng Tian. "Determination Content of Zinc Element in Natural Huazi Mushroom by ICP-AES." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.176.

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Zinc is an essential trace element, zinc content in human body is 1.4~2.3g, is widely distributed in various tissues, including skeletal and skin are more, the nutritional status of zinc content in hair Znn reflect the long-term supply of dietary zinc level and human zinc. Using the high pressure nitrifying pot method and wet method and treatment of samples were determined in natural Huazi Mushroom samples Zn element content. High pressure nitrifying pot method relative standard deviation of Zn element is 5.82%; Wet method to determine the relative standard deviation of Zn elementt is 4.81%. V

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18

Azimi, Y., X. Chen, D. G. Allen, V. Pileggi, P. Seto, I. G. Droppo, and R. R. Farnood. "UV disinfection of wastewater flocs: the effect of secondary treatment conditions." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 12 (June 1, 2013): 2719–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.148.

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Activated sludge flocs that are carried to the final effluent can significantly decrease the effectiveness of ultraviolet (UV) disinfection of wastewater. This effect is detected in a typical UV dose–response curve, where at higher UV doses there is a decrease in the inactivation rate (tailing). In this study, the effect of activated sludge process conditions on the UV inactivation kinetics of flocs was investigated. The conditions compared were nitrifying vs. non-nitrifying vs. an enhanced biological nutrient removal–University of Cape Town (BNR-UCT) system. The results showed that the flocs

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19

Pérez-Alfaro, J. E., G. González-Blanco, E. Sierra-Palacios, J. Marcial-Quino, and R. Beristain-Cardoso. "Acclimation of nitrifying biomass and its effect on 2-chlorophenol removal." Water Science and Technology 71, no. 2 (December 11, 2014): 277–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.508.

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The metabolic and kinetic behavior of a nitrifying sludge exposed to 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) was evaluated in batch cultures. Two kinds of nitrifying culture were used; one acclimated to 4-methylphenol (4-mp), and the other unacclimated to 4-mp. The unacclimated culture was affected adversely by the 2-CP's presence, since neither nitrification nor 2-CP oxidation was observed. Nonetheless, the acclimated culture showed metabolic capacity to nitrify and mineralize 2-CP. Ammonium removal was 100%, with a nitrifying yield of 0.92 ± 0.04 mg NO3−-N/mg NH4+-N consumed. The consumption efficiency for 2-

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20

Dong, Ziyi, Changhao Xiao, Weihua Zeng та Jinbo Zhao. "Impact of 17β-Estradiol on Natural Water’s Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacteria". International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 12, № 1 (2021): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18178/ijesd.2021.12.1.1312.

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In this research, bottom water samples were collected from nature water. After cultivating and selecting, bacteria which could use (NH4)2SO4 as the only nitrogen source had been selected. The bacteria in different cultures with different concentration of 17β-estradiol (E2) were cultivated, and every group’s concentration of N-NH4 +, N-NO3 - and OD600 were measured. The result shows that compare with the control group, in which no E2 was added, the growth of heterotrophic nitrifying bacteria had been promoted when the concentration of E2 was in range of 1-100 ng/L. In addition, heterotrophic ni

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21

Liu, Fang, Xin Zhao, Yujin Pan, and Xiaomin Hu. "CONSTRUCTION OF NITRIFICATION MODEL WITH NITRIFYING COAL ASH IN AEROBIC TREATMENT OF HIGH STRENGTH WASTEWATER." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 30, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2022.18061.

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Nitrifying carriers can provide good settle ability and stable removal efficiency for nitrogen. Models for ammonia removal rate for nitrifying carriers will improve its engineering application. This study was conducted in nitrifying coal ash system with Monod model. Results indicated the maximum NH4+-N removal rate and half-saturation constant of NH4+-N in Monod model were 110.48 mg/L and 59.19 mg/L, respectively. Introduction of the correction coefficients, including pH, temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, decreased the average gap between experiment data and simulated data f

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22

Wang, Zhu, Bo Liu, and Ai Min Li. "Effects of Adding Nitrifying Bacteria on Microbial Communities and Nitrification in a Laboratory-Scale a/O Reactor Treating Leather-Tanning Wastewater." Advanced Materials Research 599 (November 2012): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.599.289.

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A laboratory-scale anoxic/oxic reactor was used to analyze the effects of adding nitrifying bacteria on microbial communities in the treatment of leather-tanning wastewater. The reactor was operated in series in continuous flow mode for 25 d after an acclimation period of 45 d, and the nitrifying bacteria were added after the acclimation period. The addition of nitrifying bacteria into the wastewater significantly enhanced NH4+-N removal efficiency. The Arrhenius and Jacob-Monod models were applied to determine the optimum and acceptable operating conditions for this process. The optimum tempe

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23

Xu, Ting Ting, and Peng Tian. "Determination of Iron Element in Comb Mushroom by ICP-AES." Applied Mechanics and Materials 707 (December 2014): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.707.172.

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Iron is indispensable to make hemoglobin and other iron material elements, is also necessary to exchange and oxygen in the blood of an element, many organisms in REDOX system cannot leave it. Most of the iron distribution in special cells in the body. Using the high pressure nitrifying pot method and wet method and treatment of samples were determined in Comb Mushroom samples Fe element content, the determination results are shown in table 2. High pressure nitrifying pot method relative standard deviation of Fe element is 3.689%; Wet method to determine the relative standard deviation of Fe el

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24

Xu, Wujie, Yu Xu, Haochang Su, Xiaojuan Hu, Keng Yang, Guoliang Wen, and Yucheng Cao. "Characteristics of Ammonia Removal and Nitrifying Microbial Communities in a Hybrid Biofloc-RAS for Intensive Litopenaeus vannamei Culture: A Pilot-Scale Study." Water 12, no. 11 (October 26, 2020): 3000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113000.

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Ammonia is the main pollution factor of the aquatic environment in marine shrimp culture systems. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of the combination of biofloc technology and nitrifying biofilter for the ammonia removal, a 70-day production trial was conducted in a simplified pilot-scale hybrid biofloc-based recirculating aquaculture system (biofloc-RAS) with the intensive culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Nitrogen dynamics and nitrifying microbial communities were investigated in three replicated systems simultaneously under the conditions of high feed loading and zero water exchange.

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25

Tsuneda, S., M. Ogiwara, Y. Ejiri, and A. Hirata. "High-Rate Nitrification Using Aerobic Granular Sludge." Water Science and Technology 53, no. 3 (February 1, 2006): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.087.

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The performance of nitrifying granules, which had been produced in an aerobic upflow fluidised bed (AUFB) reactor, was investigated in various types of ammonia-containing wastewaters. When pure oxygen was supplied to the AUFB reactor with a synthetic wastewater containing a high concentration of ammonia (500 g-N/m3), the ammonia removal rate reached 16.7 kg-N/m3/day with a sustained ammonia removal efficiency of more than 80%. The nitrifying granules possessing a high settling ability could be retained with a high density (approximately 10,000 g-MLSS/m3) in a continuous stirring tank reactor (

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26

Tsuneda, S., T. Miyoshi, Y. Aoi, and A. Hirata. "Tailoring of highly efficient nitrifying biofilms in fluidized bed for ammonia-rich industrial wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 3-4 (August 1, 2000): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0403.

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We proposed two tailoring methods for efficient nitrifying biofilms on particles which are expected to be used in fluidized bed in nitrogen removal processes for industrial wastewaters. The first method was examined with gradual reduction of the hydraulic retention time in continuous feeding reactor to form biofilm with high nitrification ability. As a result, nitrification rate was successfully improved mainly due to acclimation of nitrifying bacteria to higher loading. The second tailoring method for nitrifying biofilm started with the biofilm which had been previously constructed in synthet

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27

Sheng, Xiaolin, Rui Liu, Lujun Chen, Zihua Yin, and Jianfeng Zhu. "Enrichment and application of nitrifying activated sludge in membrane bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 11 (August 14, 2017): 2888–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.421.

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Abstract In this study, nitrifying bacteria were enriched in a membrane bioreactor (MBR, R1) and their bioaugmentation effectiveness was evaluated in another two MBRs (R2 and R3). Nitrifying activated sludge (NAS) with high nitrification activity of up to 3,000 mg-N/(L·d)−1 was successfully enriched in R1. The results showed that chemical oxygen demand concentration of 100–200 mg/L had no negative effect on NAS enrichment but reduced the ratio of bacterial nitrifiers. Moreover, the cell concentration of nitrifying bacteria in NAS, which was 3.1 × 1011 cells/L, was similar to that of the commer

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28

Inamori, Yuhei, Tomotake Takai, Naohiro Noda, Akira Hirata, Hiroshi Niioka, Gao YueHua, and Masatoshi Matsumura. "Development of a rapid quantification method for nitrosomonas and nitrobacter using elisa for wastewater treatment facilities." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0444.

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Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by use of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) is very useful and helpful for the detection and quantification of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed bacterial habitat. In this study, seven monoclonal antibodies were raised from splenocytes of mice(BALB/c) that are specific for the surface antigen of the two kinds of nitrifying bacteria. Three were directed against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO 14298) and four were directed against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO 14297). Cross-reactivities of MAbs against other strains of nitrifying bacteria as well as

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29

Bai, Xue, Haixin Gu, and Yulong Li. "Coimmobilized Microalgae and Nitrifying Bacteria for Ammonium Removal." International Journal of Environmental Science and Development 7, no. 6 (2016): 406–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijesd.2016.v7.809.

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30

Boller, M., W. Gujer, and M. Tschui. "Parameters affecting nitrifying biofilm reactors." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1994): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0739.

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The variables affecting nitrification in biofilms are identified on a theoretical basis. The influence of various design and operational parameters which affect the resulting substance fluxes into and out of the biofilm and the biomass activity regarding nitrification are illustrated with the help of experimental investigations with plastic media trickling filters, rotating biological contactors and different aerated biofilters. The results of experiments with these systems in tertiary nitrification applications reveal process limitations and technical measures to enhance nitrification perform

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31

Andersson, B., H. Aspegren, D. S. Parker, and M. P. Lutz. "High rate nitrifying trickling filters." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1994): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0744.

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A two year pilot plant study has been performed in order to evaluate a nitrifying trickling filter (NTF) process within an upgrading project for increased nutrient removal. The operation of the filters was very stable without upsets due to predators. The filter microfauna was dominated by worms and the presence of filter fly larvae was limited. Suggested predator control methods like flooding or varying the flushing intensity did not affect the identified microfauna. By operating the filters in a two stage alternating series filtration mode, higher nitrification rates and lower effluent ammoni

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32

Wall, David, Daressa Frodsham, and Dougie Robinson. "DESIGN OF NITRIFYING TRICKLING FILTERS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 13 (January 1, 2002): 340–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784163326.

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33

Abeliovich, Aharon. "Nitrifying Bacteria in Wastewater Reservoirs." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 53, no. 4 (1987): 754–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.53.4.754-760.1987.

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34

Furukawa, Kenji, Akiko Ike, and Masanori Fujita. "Preparation of marine nitrifying sludge." Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering 76, no. 2 (January 1993): 134–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0922-338x(93)90070-o.

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35

Szwerinski, H., E. Arvin, and P. Harremoës. "pH-decrease in nitrifying biofilms." Water Research 20, no. 8 (August 1986): 971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0043-1354(86)90038-2.

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36

Hill, Dennis R., and Terry Webster. "High pH Inhibits Nitrifying Bacteria." Opflow 34, no. 7 (July 2008): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8701.2008.tb02000.x.

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37

Head, M. A., and J. A. Oleszkiewicz. "SHORT SRT NITRIFICATION THROUGH SEEDING NITRIFYING BACTERIA INTO COLD, NON-NITRIFYING SEQUENCING BATCH REACTORS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2002, no. 11 (January 1, 2002): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864702784900534.

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38

Hill, Robert R., Dennis P. Cafferty, Wesley A. Mautz, Lou R. Sirois, Robert A. Gillette, Mary C. Lee, and Heinrich O. Buhr. "NITRIFYING VERSUS NON-NITRIFYING OPERATION AT THE EL TORO WATER DISTRICT ACTIVATED SLUDGE PLANT." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2000, no. 11 (January 1, 2000): 286–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864700784544325.

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39

Agogué, Hélène, Maaike Brink, Julie Dinasquet, and Gerhard J. Herndl. "Major gradients in putatively nitrifying and non-nitrifying Archaea in the deep North Atlantic." Nature 456, no. 7223 (November 26, 2008): 788–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature07535.

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40

Tran, Hung-Thuan, Dae-Hee Kim, Se-Jin Oh, Kashif Rasool, Doo-Hyun Park, Rui-Hong Zhang, and Dae-Hee Ahn. "Nitrifying biocathode enables effective electricity generation and sustainable wastewater treatment with microbial fuel cell." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 9 (May 1, 2009): 1803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.209.

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Simultaneous organics removal and nitrification using a novel nitrifying biocathode microbial fuel cell (MFC) reactor were investigated in this study. Remarkably, the introduction of nitrifying biomass into the cathode chamber caused higher voltage outputs than that of MFC operated with the abiotic cathode. Results showed the maximum power density increased 18% when cathode was run under the biotic condition and fed by nitrifying medium with alkalinity/NH4+-N ratio of 8 (26 against 22 mW/m2). The voltage output was not differentiated when NH4+-N concentration was increased from 50 to 100 mg/L

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41

Schramm, Andreas, Dirk de Beer, Johan C. van den Heuvel, Simon Ottengraf, and Rudolf Amann. "Microscale Distribution of Populations and Activities ofNitrosospira and Nitrospira spp. along a Macroscale Gradient in a Nitrifying Bioreactor: Quantification by In Situ Hybridization and the Use of Microsensors." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 8 (August 1, 1999): 3690–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.8.3690-3696.1999.

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ABSTRACT The change of activity and abundance of Nitrosospiraand Nitrospira spp. along a bulk water gradient in a nitrifying fluidized bed reactor was analyzed by a combination of microsensor measurements and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Nitrifying bacteria were immobilized in bacterial aggregates that remained in fixed positions within the reactor column due to the flow regimen. Nitrification occurred in a narrow zone of 100 to 150 μm on the surface of these aggregates, the same layer that contained an extremely dense community of nitrifying bacteria. The central part of the aggregates

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Schramm, Andreas, Dirk De Beer, Han van den Heuvel, Simon Ottengraf, and Rudolf Amann. "In situ structure/function studies in wastewater treatment systems." Water Science and Technology 37, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1998): 413–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0681.

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As an example of the importance and the potential of in situ structure/function studies, nitrifying aggregates from different zones of a lab-scale fluidised bed reactor were analysed by microelectrode measurements of O2, NH4+, NO2−, and NO3− and in situ hybridisation targeting the 16S rRNA of the nitrifying bacteria. A shift from an ammonia oxidising to a nitrite oxidising community is present along the reactor. In the single aggregates an active nitrifying shell of about 100 μm could be related to the maximum abundance of nitrifiers in this zone. Interestingly, the main actors in this system

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43

Rajbhandari, B. K., and A. P. Annachhatre. "Modeling response of nitrifying biofilm to inhibitory shock loads." Water Science and Technology 50, no. 6 (September 1, 2004): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0359.

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To study the response of nitrifying biofilm to inhibitory shock loads, a lab-scale nitrifying biofilm reactor was operated in ambient conditions. Shock loads of various concentrations of inhibitory compound were applied to the biofilm. Aniline was used as an inhibitory compound. The experimental results were utilized to develop a model for predicting the variation of effluent nitrate concentration from the biofilm reactor for given shock loads of aniline concentration and exposure time both in exposure as well as in recovery phase. Close agreement between model and experimental observation of

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44

Ginestet, Philippe, Jean-Marc Audic, Vincent Urbain, and Jean-Claude Block. "Estimation of Nitrifying Bacterial Activities by Measuring Oxygen Uptake in the Presence of the Metabolic Inhibitors Allylthiourea and Azide." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, no. 6 (June 1, 1998): 2266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.6.2266-2268.1998.

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ABSTRACT The effects of two metabolic inhibitors on an enriched nitrifying biomass during incubation for short periods of time were investigated by determining respirometric measurements. Allylthiourea (86 μM) and azide (24 μM) were shown to be strong, selective inhibitors of ammonia and nitrite oxidation, respectively. Consequently, a differential respirometry method for estimating nitrifying and heterotrophic bacterial activities within a mixed biomass is proposed.

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45

Bourgeois, François-René, Frédéric Monette, and Daniel G. Cyr. "Operational modifications for the development of nitrifying bacteria in a large-scale biological aerated filter and its impact on wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 8 (October 25, 2018): 1704–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.447.

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Abstract To develop a better understanding for fixed biomass processes, the development of a nitrifying bacterial biofilm, as well as the performance of treatment during modifications to operational conditions of a full-scale submerged biological filter were examined. The development of the nitrifying biofilm was investigated at four depth levels (1, 2, 4 and 5 feet). The result of bacterial subpopulations analyzed by qPCR relative to the physico-chemical parameters of the wastewater during the various tests (sustained aeration, modified backwash parameters and inflow restriction) revealed an

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46

Alfisah, R. K., I. Rusmana, T. Widiyanto, and R. Affandi. "The Abundance and Potential Activity of Nitrifying, Denitrifying, and Nitrate-ammonifying Bacteria in the Vanamae Shrimp Culture in Karawang." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1062, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1062/1/012011.

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Abstract The existence of inorganic nitrogen in the shrimp pond ecosystem will not be separated from the nitrogen cycle and microbiological processes including the activity of microbes. This study aimed to analyze the abundance and potential rate of nitrifying, denitrifying, and nitrate-ammonifying bacteria in Vanamae shrimp cultivation. Water samples were collected on a shrimp pond in Karawang, West Java. Water sampling was carried out at the age of shrimp rearing 0 days, 21 days, 65 days, and 89 days. Water sampling was conducted at four points representing an area of the pond. The bacterial

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47

Yosmaniar, Y., T. Sumiati, and M. Mulyasari. "Growth Performance and Survival Rate of Catfish (Pangasius sp) with the Application of the Nitrifying and Denitrifying Bacteria." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012004.

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Abstract Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria can be used as a bioremediation agents in aquaculture. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the optimal growth and survival performances of catfish rearing with the application of nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria. A completely randomized design was performed with the following treatments: A) nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria NP2-DP1; B) nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria NP2-DP2; C) commercial bacteria and D) without bacterial isolate (control), each with 3 replications. Twelve containers (34 x 34 x 45 cm) were used with a volume

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48

Sirotkin, A. S., J. V. Kobeleva, and E. S. Gorshkova. "Bio-Augmentation of Nitrifying Microorganisms to Increase the Efficiency of Oxidation of Nitrogen Compounds during Wastewater Biofiltration." Biotekhnologiya 36, no. 2 (2020): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21519/0234-2758-2020-36-2-99-107.

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The efficiency of nitrifying bacteria bio-augmentation into biofilm microbiocenosis during 30-day continuous biofiltration of municipal wastewater model solution has been assessed. The laboratory setup consisted of two parallel operating biofilters, in one of which, after start-up period, cultures of ammonium-oxidizing and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria of the Nitrobacter genus were sequentially introduced. It was established that the bio-augmentation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria into the biofilm microbiocenosis led to an increase in the efficiency of ammonium nitrogen removal by an average of 1

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49

Okabe, S., T. Kindaichi, Y. Nakamura, and T. Ito. "Eco-physiology of autotrophic nitrifying biofilms." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 7 (October 1, 2005): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0205.

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Microautoradiography combined with fluorescent in situ hybridization (MAR-FISH), a powerful tool for linking physiology with identification of individual cells, was applied to investigate microbial interactions between nitrifying bacteria and coexisting heterotrophic bacteria in an autotrophic nitrifying biofilm community fed with only ammonia as the sole energy source and bicarbonate as the sole carbon source. First, nitrifying bacteria were radiolabeled by culturing the biofilm samples with [14C]bicarbonate for 6 h, and then the transfer of radioactivity from nitrifying bacteria to heterotro

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50

Rodríguez Rodríguez, Abad, Silvia Mau Inchaustegui, Lilliana Piedra Castro, Ricardo Jiménez Montealegre, and Juan Pablo Herrera Vargas. "Isolation of ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacterial strains from soil, and their potential use in the reduction of nitrogen in household waste water." Revista de Biología Tropical 65, no. 4 (September 19, 2017): 1527. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v65i4.26509.

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Currently, nitrogen has become the main element of water pollution, causing riverine, lacustrine and coastal eutrophication. The continuous contamination of aquifers and the absence of planned water resource utilization, boost its scarcity, and has been the only way in which our societies become aware of the urgent need to process the generated wastewater. The objective of this research was to evaluate the nitrifying capacity of different autochthonous bacterial isolates from soils from nearby sources of domestic wastewater drainage. For this, bacteria were isolated from Pirro River, contamina

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